Additional File 5: Unsourced documents and documents excluded at full text

Unsourced documents

References highlighted in bold are those documents that could potentially have interesting information of relevance to this systematic review. The other unsourced references are unlikely to be of relevance to the review after having screened the full texts of other similar references. Some incomplete or incorrect references were captured during the reference downloads from the bibliographic databases.

1. Agera SIN. (2011) Role of beekeeping in the conservation of forests. Global Journal of Agricultural Sciences; 2011. 10(1):27-32.

2. Ahebwa WM and Van der Duim DR. (2013) Conservation, livelihoods, and tourism: a case study of the Buhoma-Mukono community-based tourism project in Uganda. Special Issue on Managing Protected, Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 31:96-114

3. Austin S, Quinn J, Jambang M and Murray D. (2010) Bantaba - a gathering place at the heart of Eden's Rainforest Biome. Addressing global change: a new agenda for botanic gardens. Fourth Global Botanic Gardens Congress, Dublin, Irish Republic, 13-18 June 2010; 2010:1- 6.

4. Bayer, W. (2004) Gestion complémentaire de la faune sauvage et du bétail en Afrique de l'ouest: utopie ou perspective de développement?

5. Birdlife International (2003) Mid-term review of the community based conservation in the Bamenda Highlands Project. Unknown Binding.

6. Borchers, H. (2004) Jurassic Wilderness: Ecotourism as a Conservation Strategy in Komodo National Park, Indonesia. Published by the Deutsche National bibliothek.

7. Brandon K. (year unknown) Integrating Conservation and Development. Incomplete or incorrect reference.

8. Bruci E, Nesturi E, Kadiu E and Apostoli S (2012) The role of agritourism on biodiversity and ecosystem. International Journal of Ecosystems and Ecology Science (IJEES), 2:443-448.

9. Bynoe P. (2003) Community-based Ecotourism: Whether a Sustainable Livelihood Alternative. Incomplete or incorrect reference.

10. Cacot, P. and Lazard, J. La domestication des poissons du Mékong: les enjeux et le potentiel aquacole.

11. CBDC Africa Network (2009) CBDC Africa Experiences, Volume 2. CBDC Africa Experiences, Community Biodiversity Development and Conservation-Africa. Unknown Binding.

12. Chhettri N. (2004) Ecotourism and biodiversity conservation. ICIMOD, Newsletter of the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, (45):17-19.

13. Chhetri RB. (2000) Relationship between income generating activities and conservation of forest resources: A study in the Churia Forest Development Project Area. Kathmandu: Churia Forest Development Projects GTZ.

14. Child B and Peterson J (1991) CAMPFIRE in rural development: the Beitbridge experience. Joint Working Paper Series - Centre for Applied Social Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, 89pp.

15. Clusener-Godt, M. (2002) UNESCO's work for the protection of arid zones with particular emphasis to sabkhat. (Tasks for vegetation science 36) Sabkha ecosystems. Volume 1: The Arabian Peninsula and adjacent countries; 2002. :347-352.

16. Coote HC, Lowore JD, Luhanga JM and Abbot PG.1993) Community use and management of indigenous forests in Malawi: the case of three villages in the Blantyre City Fuelwood Project area. FRIM Report (Forestry Research Institute of Malawi); iii + 24 pp.

17. Commonwealth Secretariat (1999) Women and Coastal Biodiversity Conservation: A Case Study of the Cogtong Mangrove Management Project, in Commonwealth Secretariat, Biodiversity and Gender for Sustainable Development, Commonwealth Secretariat, London.

18. Croucher EA. (2008) We don't know that we have been left behind: The neoliberalization of conservation in the Burunge Wildlife Management Area, northern Tanzania. PhD Thesis submitted to the University of Colorado at Denver, pp. 168.

19. Dilger R and Leupolz W. (2004) The Bosawas Biosphere Reserve in Nicaragua. Buffer zones: reconciling people, fauna and forests. Agriculture and Rural Development, 11:34-37.

20. Di Perna P. (2000) Creating income and local employment in a selection of GEF projects. Published by the Global Environment Facility.

21. Dittrich, M. Ressources non utilisées, ressources perdues: tourisme cynégétique et élevage d'animaux sauvages au service de la conservation de la nature et du développement; des idées venues du Bénin

22. Fox, J, Bushley B, Dutt S and Quazi SA (eds.) (2007) Making Conservation Work: Linking Rural Livelihoods and Protected Area Management in Bangladesh. Honolulu: East-West Center; Dhaka: Nishorgo Program of the Bangladesh Forest Department. Pp. 176.

23. Gagnon, C. and Gagnon, S. (2006) L'écotourisme, entre l'arbre et l'écorce: de la conservation au développement viable des territoires.

24. Galligan B and Lynch G. (1992) Integrating conservation and development: Australia's resource assessment commission and the testing case of Coronation Hill. Discussion papers (Australian National University. Federalism Research Centre), no. 14. Canberra. Federalism Research Centre, Australian National University, 1992.

25. Ganzhorn JU and Sorg JP. (1996) Special issue: Ecology and economy of a tropical dry forest in Madagascar. Biological Conservation, 83 (2).

26. Gyimah C and Okrah M (2009) Community-based Tourism and Rural Development: The Case of the Wechiau Hippo Sanctuary in the Wa West District of Ghana. Ghana Journal Of Development Studies, 6(2).

27. Giri M. (year unknown) Assessment of Women’s Empowerment through Participation in Environmental Conservation and Micro-Finance: A Case Study of Phobjkha Conservation Area, Bhutan. Incomplete or incorrect reference.

28. Green GC and Barborak J. (1987) Conservation for development - success stories from Central America. The Commonwealth Forestry Review, 66: 91-102

29. Gupta AK. (year unknown) Ecodevelopment: An effective tool for primate conservation. Pp. 24

30. Hanks J. (1984) Traditional life-styles, conservation and rural development. Proceedings of a symposium organised by the Institute of Ecology, of Padjadjaran University, Bandung, and the IUCN Commission on Ecology held in Bandung, Indonesia on the 4th and 5th of October 1982

31. Healy RG and Durham DU. (1994) Ecotourism, handicrafts and the management of protected areas in developing countries. Incomplete or incorrect reference.

32. Heeger TS, Filipina B Gatus JL and Laron, C. (2001) Community-based coral farming for reef rehabilitation, biodiversity conservation and as a livelihood option for fisherfolk. In L. M. B. Garcia (Ed.), Responsible Aquaculture Development in Southeast Asia. Proceedings of the Seminar-Workshop on Aquaculture Development in Southeast Asia organized by the SEAFDEC Aquaculture Department, 12-14 October 1999, Iloilo City, Philippines (pp. 133-145). Tigbauan, Iloilo, Philippines: SEAFDEC Aquaculture Department.

33. Hinojosa FC (1992) The Cuyabeno Wildlife Production Reserve: human needs and natural resource conservation in the Ecuadorean Amazon. Reference identified on AGRIS, full reference not available: http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=US9325941

34. Hossain J and Roy K (2007) Deserting the Sundarbans: Local peoples' perspective on ADB-GEF-Netherlands funded Sundarbans biodiversity conservation project. Unnayan Onneshan, Nijera kori, Forest Peoples Programme. Pp. 48.

35. Hossain AKMJ, Kabir MJ and Hossain MA. (2002) Problems and impacts of social forestry program of RDRS as perceived by the beneficiaries. Bangladesh Journal of Training and Development, 15(1/2):41-46.

36. Jambiya G and Sosovele H (2001) Conservation and Poverty: The Case of Amani Nature Reserve. Research on Poverty Alleviation Series. Mkuki na Nyota Publishers, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Pp. 52

37. Kazoora C (2002). Poverty Alleviation and Conservation: Linking Sustainable Livelihoods and Ecosystem Management. A Case Study of Uganda. IUCN EARO, Nairobi. Pp. 96.

38. Kustermann, THPD. (1996) Family beekeeping-an important component of natural resource conservation programs in Vietnam. Unknown binding.

39. Larson PF, Schoonmaker M, and Wyckoff-Baird B. (1998) WWF Integrated Conservation and Development Projects: ten lessons from the field, 1985-1996. World Wildlife Fund. Washington D.C.

40. Le Bel, S., N. Gaidet, et al. (2004). Communal game ranching in Zimbabwe : local empowerment and sustainable game meat production for rural communities: octroi de pouvoirs aux communautés rurales locales et production durable de viande de gibier. In : Game and wildlife science. Symposium international sur l'utilisation durable de la faune sauvage. Paris, France.

41. Lee WY. (2012) Reconciling Development and Conservation Through Livelihoods: Beekeeping in Kasese, Uganda. Development Studies - University of Auckland, 2012. Pp. 256.

42. Lees A and Evans B (1993) Helping Conservation Pay; Village Micro Enterprise Development in the Solomon Islands. Fifth South Pacific Conference on Nature Conservation and Protected Areas, Tonga, October 1993.

43. Levang P, Sitorus S, Abot D and Mamung D (2007). Trade-offs and alternative livelihoods of the forest-dependent people in the Malinau research forest. In: Gunarso, P., Setyawati, T., Sunderland, T.C.H., Shackleton, C. (eds). Managing forest resources in a decentralized environment: lessons learnt from the Malinau research forest, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. :9-26. Bogor, Indonesia, Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR).

44. Mariaca Pelez J. (2002) In-between Frontiers of Conservation and Development: Discourse and Practice of an Integrated Conservation and Development Project in the Bolivian Rainforest. Unknown Binding. Pp. 84

45. Matzke GE and Nabane N. (1996) Outcomes of a community controlled wildlife utilization program in a Zambezi Valley community. Human Ecology (New York), 24:65-85.

46. Mbaiwa JE and Kolawole OD. (2013) Tourism and biodiversity conservation: the case of community-based natural resource management in Southern Africa. CAB Reviews Perspectives in Agriculture Veterinary Science Nutrition and Natural Resources 8(10):1-10.

47. Metcalfe S. (1996) Whose resources are at stake? Community based conservation and community self-governance. Rural Extension Bulletin, 14-18

48. Myftari S, Apostoli S, Kadiu E and Nesturi E. (2010) Eco-tourism development in the area of Prespa, Albania. Biodiversity and Poverty Alleviation. Proceedings of an International Symposium, London, UK, 28-29 April 2010.

49. Newbery B. (1997) Building lives with butterflies. Orbit, (66): 6-7.

50. Noknoi C, Boripunt W, Ngowsiri S and Itsararuk S. (2010) Ecotourism management of Khao Pu - Khao Ya National Park, Thailand. Global Studies Journal, 3: 171-182

51. Othman MSH. (1997) Promoting beekeeping as a potential trump card in a drive to conserve selected pockets of Melaleuca (Gelam) forest in Peninsular Malaysia. Paper presented at the International conference on Tropical bees and The Environment, UPM, Malaysia

52. Oduwaiye EA, Obiaga PC and Abu JE. (1997) Environment and resource development. Proceedings of the 25th Annual Conference of the Forestry Association of Nigeria held in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, 22nd-26th September 1997.

53. Ogazi PO, Hassan UA and Ogunnwusi AA. (1997) Development of indigenous economic plant species: the RMRDC initiatives. Environment and resource development. Proceedings of the 25th Annual Conference of the Forestry Association of Nigeria held in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, 22nd-26th September 1997; 1997. :93-101. 10 ref.

54. Okidi CO. (year unknown) Conservation and development imperatives. Incomplete or incorrect reference.

55. Olsson G. (1988) Employment and income generation in social forestry: a case study from Orissa. Employment and income generation in social forestry: a case study from Orissa. 1988, x + 101 pp.

56. Patalung PN. (1992) Rural Development for Conservation: Experience from the Sup Tai Project. Unknown Binding.

57. Pet-Soede L. (2003) Mariculture as a sustainable livelihood strategy in support of conservation and management—a case study of Komodo National Park, Indonesia. Annex 2 in: Haylor G, Briggs MRP, Pet-Soede L, Tung H, Yen N T H, Adrien B, O’Callaghan B, Gow C, DeVantier L, Cheung C, Santos R,Pador E, de la Torre M, Bulcock, P and Savage W (2003). Improving Coastal Livelihoods through Sustainable Aquaculture Practices. A report to the collaborative APEC Grouper Research and Development Network (FWG/01/2001). Undertaken for Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) by the STREAM Initiative of the Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific Support to Regional Aquatic Resources Management.

58. Prins K. (2013) Interaction of changes in environment and society: the case of the Mayan Biosphere, Peten Guatemala. CAB Reviews, 8:1-10.

59. Renard Y, Smith A and Krishnarayan V (2000) Do reefs matter? Coral reef conservation, sustainable livelihoods and poverty reduction in Laborie, St. Lucia. Paper presented at regional conference on 'Managing space for sustainable living in small islands’. CANARI.

60. Sharma NK. (1999) Alternative land use systems for arid zone. MFP News, 10-12.

61. Sharma UR. (2003) Rural development and environmental conservation: case study of Royal Chitwan National Park's buffer zone in Nepal Rural development and environmental conservation. Report of an APO Seminar on Rural Development and Environment Conservation held in Nepal, 2-6 July 2001.

62. Sharma UR. (2001) Cooperative management and revenue sharing in communities adjacent to Royal Chitwan National Park, Nepal. Banko Janakari, 11:3-8.

63. Soeripto Y. (2001) Research abstracts, Center for International Forestry Research, 2001; 2001. v + 154 pp.

64. Sodhi NS, Acciaioli G, Erb M and Khee-Jin Tan A. (Eds) (2012) Biodiversity and Human Livelihoods in Protected Areas, Case Studies from the Malay Archipelago. National University of Singapore. Pp. 496.

65. Sow, F. (2006) Les stratégies de développement de la filière du miel en milieu rural du Sénégal, Guinée, Mali.

66. Smith J. (2013) National Parks: Sustainable Development, Conservation Strategies and Environmental Impacts. Series: Environmental Science, Engineering and Technology. Nova Science Pub Inc. Pp. 244.

67. Stem CJL, Lee DR, Deshler DJ and Schelhas JW. (2004) Ecotourism's Conservation Potential: A Case Study of Costa Rican Communities. Unknown Binding.

68. Suu-Ire RD. (2008) Another way of managing wildlife resources - domestication of the grasscutter (Thryonomys swindrianus) in Ghana. Journal of Commonwealth Veterinary Association, 24: 19-20.

69. Tassone VC. and Van der Duim, DR. (2008) An analysis of research developments and opportunities in tourism, poverty alleviation and nature conservation. In Pineda FD and Brebbia CA. (2008) Sustainable Tourism III, WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, pp. 368.

70. Thomas J. (1996) Shades of green: The possibilities and limitations of microenterprise promotion in conservation programs. Cornell University, Aug., 1996. 180 pp.

71. Thompson DM. (1997) Multiple land-use: the experience of the Ngorongoro Conservation area. Tanzania IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas: x + 485 pp.

72. Vu Tuyen Hoang (1996) Conservation and diversification of PGR in Vietnam. Plant genetic resources in Vietnam. Proceedings of a national workshop held in Hanoi, Vietnam, on 28-30 March, 1995 - 1996. :112-113.

73. Waithaka J. (2002) The Role of Community Wildlife-based Enterprises in Reducing Human Vulnerability and Environmental Degradation: The Case Of Il Ngwesi Ecotourism Project. Kenya. African Conservation Center.

74. Walsh S. (year unknown). The Effect of the Copra Subsidy on Fishing, Welfare, and Coral Reef Ecosystems in Kiribati. PhD Thesis submitted to SCRIPPS Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego.

75. Wang LB, Cheng SX and Li XY. (2008) Conservation and alternative livelihoods: study on the Sanjiang Plain Wetlands. Unknown Binding.

76. Western D and Wright M (1993) Ecosystem Conservation and Rural Development: The Amboseli Case Study. Liz Claiborne Art Ortenberg Foundation, Kenya. Pp. 48

77. Wilcox ES (1994) Lessons from the Field: Marine Integrated Conservation and Development. Case Study. WWF, Switzerland. Pp. 54.

78. Wishitemi B, Ipara H, Nizeyi J, Kiage E and Masila M. (2011) Pro-poor tourism training for rural economic linkages: the case of Ruma National Park, Kenya and Kalangala Islands, Uganda. Natural Resources Management and Land Use. Proceedings of the Cluster Workshop, Nairobi, Kenya, 30th November - 2nd December 2011; 216-223.

79. Yu Xb. (2006) Economic assessment of alternative livelihood in the context of wetland restoration–A case study of Xipanshanzhou Polder, Dongting Lake, China. Unknown Binding.

80. Authors Unknown (2003) Rural development and environmental conservation. Report of an APO Seminar on Rural Development and Environment Conservation held in Nepal, 2-6 July 2001; 2003. :188 pp.

81. Authors Unknown (1997) Ecotourism for Forest Conservation and Community Development: Proceedings of an International Seminar, Held in Chiang Mai, Thailand, 28–31 January, 1997

82. Authors Unknown (1993) Conference Papers - Fifth South Pacific Conference on Nature Conservation and Protected Areas, Tonga, October 1993.

Excluded documents

The reason for exclusion may be the first one identified by the reviewer rather than the most important one.

Articles excluded on population type (i.e. biodiversity target)

1. Lwande W, Miller SE, Rogo LM, Bagine RKN and Mukonyi KW (2004) An Integrated Package for the Conservation of the Kakamega Forest. ICIPE Annual Scientific Report 2002-2003. Accessed Online September 2015: https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/3485/Lwande_et_al_2004_Kakamega.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

2. Zamroni A, Laoubi K, and Yamao M. (2011) The development of seaweed farming as a sustainable coastal management method in Indonesia: An opportunities and constraints assessment. In: Brebbia C.A. and Beriatos E. (2011) Sustainable Development and Planning V. WIT Press.

3. Znajda S (2014) What is 'successful development' in conservation and development projects? Insights from two Nicaraguan case studies. Conservation and Society, 12(3): 318-328

Articles excluded on intervention (i.e. alternative livelihoods project)

4. Acharya, K. P. & Acharya, S. (2007) Small scale wood based enterprises in community forestry: contribution to poverty reduction. Banko Janakari; 17(1):3-10.

5. Acosta, R. T. () Smallholders and communities in plantation development: lessons from two ITTO-supported projects. Proceedings of the International Conference on Timber Plantation Development, Manila, Philippines, 7-9 November 2000; 2001. :253-261. Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Quezon City, Philippines.

6. Adams, W. M. & Hulme, D. (2001) If community conservation is the answer in Africa, what is the question? Oryx. 35(3):193-200.

7. Adams, W. M. & Infield, M. (2003) Who is on the gorilla's payroll? Claims on tourist revenue from a Ugandan national park. World Development (Oxford); 2003. 31(1):177-190.

8. Addisalem B. (2011) Evaluating the UNDP---GEF Small Grants Programme Funding in Ethiopia: Sustainable Livelihoods and Poverty Alleviation in Action. A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies of The University of Manitoba in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Natural Resources Management. Accessed Online September 2015: http://mspace.lib.umanitoba.ca/bitstream/handle/1993/4936/Benyam_Addisalem.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y

9. Adeleke, B. O. & Nzama, T. (2013) Assessment of community participation in ecotourism and conservation at Hhuhuwe-Umfolozi Park, South Africa. Journal of Environment and Earth Science; 3(3):27-37.

10. African Wildlife Foundation and Conservation of Resources in African Landscapes (1999) Kilimanjaro Heartland, Kenya-Tanzania: The Global Conservation Program Achievements and Lessons Learned from 10 years of Support for Threats-based Conservation at a Landscape and Seascape Scale. USAID.

11. Agence Béninoise pour l'Environnement (2005) Projet de Gestion Communautaire de la Biodiversite Cotiere et Marine du Benin

12. Ahebwa, W. M. Duim, V. R. van der. & Sandbrook, C. G. (2012) Private-community partnerships: investigating a new approach to conservation and development in Uganda. Conservation and Society; 2012. 10(4):305-317.

13. Ahebwa, W. M. & Duim, R. van der (2013) Conservation, livelihoods, and tourism: a case study of the Buhoma-Mukono community-based tourism project in Uganda. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration. 31(3):96-114.

14. Ahebwa, W. M. (2012) Tourism, livelihoods and biodiversity conservation: an assessment of tourism related policy interventions at Bwindi Impenetrable National Park (BINP), Uganda.

15. Ahmed, M. R. & Cubbage, F. W. (2003) Gender differences of participation in social forestry programmes in Bangladesh. Forests, Trees and Livelihoods. 13(1):79-100.

16. Akumsi A (2003). Community participation in wildlife management: The Mount Cameroon experience. Unasylva 214/215, Vol. 54, 37-42

17. Allison EH and Horemans B (2006) Putting the principles of the sustainable livelihoods approach into fisheries development policy and practice. Marine Policy, Volume 30, Issue 6, November 2006, Pages 757–766.

18. Allison EH and Ellis F (2001) The livelihoods approach and management of small-scale fisheries. Marine Policy, Volume 25, Issue 5, September 2001, Pages 377–38

19. Almeyda, AM; Broadbent, EN; Wyman, MS; Durham, WH (2010) Ecotourism Impacts in the Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica. International Journal of Tourism Research, Volume 12, Issue 6, pages 803–819.

20. Alpert P (1995) Applying Ecological Research at Integrated Conservation and Development Projects. Ecological Applications, Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 4.

21. Alpert, P. (1996) Integrated conservation and development projects: examples from Africa. BioScience; 1996. 46(11):845-855. 58 ref.

22. Anderson T (2005) Challenging 'integrated conservation and development' in Papua Guinea: the Bismarck Ramu group. Pacific Economic Bulletin 20(1):56-66.

23. Amini H and Moslehi M (2011) Tourism development & planning in protected areas, in a sustainable manner. Journal of Contemporary Research Business, Vol 3, No. 8, pp. 936-946.

24. Anderson J and Mehta S (2013) A Global Assessment of Community Based Natural Resource Management: Addressing the Critical Challenges of the Rural Sector. Prepared by International Resources Group (IRG) for USAID.

25. Andersson MS, Scherr SJ, Shames S, Aliguma L, Arcos AL, Biryahwaho B, Bolaños S, Cock J, Escobar G, Gómez JA, Nagawa F, Oberthür T, Pederson L, Taylor A. (2010) Bundling Agricultural Products With Ecosystem Services: Case Studies. TRANSLINKS Promoting Transformations by Linking Nature, Wealth and Power. Ecoagriculture Partners and USAID.

26. Anderson PN (2001) Community-based conservation and social change amongst South Indian honey-hunters: an anthropological perspective. Oryx, Volume 35, Issue 1, pages 81–83.

27. Appropriate Technology (1990). Special issue. Farming the rainforest. Appropriate Technology; 1990. 17(3):1-32.

28. Araya C and Christen R (2004) Microfinance as a tool to protect biodiversity hot-spots. Microfinance Gateway, CGAP. Accessed Online September 2015: http://www.eldis.org/go/home&id=18351&type=Document#.VgqqECuoNhY

29. Archabald, K. & Naughton-Treves, L. (2001) Tourism revenue-sharing around national parks in Western Uganda: early efforts to identify and reward local communities. Environmental Conservation. 28(2):135-149.

30. ARD Inc (2008) Community forestry in Liberia – learning from experience elsewhere. Land Rights and Community Forestry Program. This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development Liberia.

31. Arjunan M, Holmes C; Puyravaud JP and P Davidar (2006) Do developmental initiatives influence local attitudes toward conservation? A case study from the Kalakad–Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve, India. Journal of Environmental Management, Volume 79, Issue 2, April 2006, Pages 188–197

32. Armitage, D. (2005) Adaptive capacity and community-based natural resource management. Environmental Management. 35(6):703-715.

33. Arnold, JEM. (1998) Incomes from the forest: methods for the development and conservation of forest products for local communities. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia.

34. Arntzen J, Buzwani B, Setlhogile T, Letsholo Kgathi D, Motsholapheko MR. (2007) Community-Based Resource Management, Rural Livelihoods, and Environmental Sustainability: Botswana. Prepared for IUCN – South Africa office and USAID frame (phase three).

35. Arts, B. Bommel, S. van Ros-Tonen, M. & Verschoor, G. (2012) Forest-people interfaces. Forest-people interfaces. :320 pp. Wageningen Academic Publishers

36. Austin B. (2008) Endogenous Factors of Success in Indigenous Wildlife-based Enterprise. Research Proposal for Doctor of Philosophy School for Environmental Research Institute of Advanced Studies Charles Darwin University. Accessed Online September 2015: https://www.academia.edu/714071/Endogenous_Factors_of_Success_In_Indigenous_Wildlife-Based_Enterprise

37. Bader, B., Bouchard, C., Bacon, N. and Anctil, F.C. (2012) Les cahiers de L’Institut EDS - Enseignement du développement durable en ingénierie : un état des lieux

38. Badola, R. (1999) People and protected areas in India. Unasylva. 50(199): 12-14.

39. Badola, R. (2000) Local people amidst the changing conservation ethos: relationships between people and protected areas in India. RAP Publication. (1):187-201.

40. Bahuguna, V. K. Vinay Luthra & Rathor, B. M. S. (1994) Collective forest management in India. Ambio. 23(4/5):269-273.

41. Baker J., Bitariho R., Gordon-Maclean A., Kasoma P., Roe D., Sheil D., Twinamatsiko M., Tumushabe G., van Heist M., Weiland M. (2011) Linking protected area conservation with poverty alleviation in Uganda: Integrated conservation and development at Bwindi Impenetrable National Park In: Smith EJ. (2011) National Parks. Nova Science Publishers, Inc. Accessed Online September 2015: http://pubs.iied.org/pdfs/G03691.pdf

42. Balyamujura, H. N. & Schalkwyk, H. D. van (1997) Optimisation of different land use regimes in the Mahala district, Mpumalanga. Agrekon. 36(4):604-615.

43. Barber, C. V. Afiff, S. & Purnomo, A. (1995) Tiger by the tail? Reorienting biodiversity conservation and development in Indonesia.

44. Barkin, D. & Fuente, M. (2013) Community forest management: can the green economy contribute to environmental justice? Natural Resources Forum. 37(3):200-210.

45. Barzetti V and Rovinski Y (1992) Toward a Green Central America Integrating Conservation and Development. Kumarian Press Library of Management for Development

46. Bandyopadhyay S, Humavindu MN, Shyamsundar P and Wang L. (2004) Do households gain from community-based natural resource management? An evaluation of community conservancies in Namibia. DEA RESEARCH DISCUSSION PAPER, Number 68.

47. Banerjee, A. (2012) Is wildlife tourism benefiting Indian protected areas? A survey. Current Issues in Tourism. 15(3):211-227.

48. Barrett, C. B. & Arcese, P. (1995) Are integrated conservation-development projects (ICDPs) sustainable? On the conservation of large mammals in sub-Saharan Africa. World Development (Oxford). 23(7):1073-1084.

49. Barrow, E. Gichohi, H. & Infield, M. (2000) Rhetoric or reality? A review of community conservation policy and practice in East Africa. Evaluating Eden Series - International Institute for Environment and Development; London, UK

50. Baur EH, McNabb RB, Williams Jr LE, Ramos VH, Radachowsky J, and Guariguatae MR (2012) Multiple forest use through commercial sport hunting: Lessons from a community-based model from the Petén, Guatema. Forest Ecology and Management, Volume 268, 15 March 2012, Pages 112–120.

51. Barnes, J. I. Macgregor, J. & Weaver, L. C. Economic efficiency and incentives for change within Namibia's community wildlife use initiatives. World Development; 2002. 30(4):667-681.

52. Beer, F. de & Marais, M. (2005) Rural communities, the natural environment and development - some challenges, some successes. Community Development Journal. 40(1):50-61.

53. Berdiales, J. A. Chavarria, J. Loznao, L. (2013) The tide turns for Panama's mangroves. ITTO Tropical Forest Update. 22(2):20-22.

54. Benjaminsen, T. A. & Bryceson, I. (2012) Conservation, green/blue grabbing and accumulation by dispossession in Tanzania. Journal of Peasant Studies. 39(2):335-355.

55. Benz, B. F. Cevallos E., J. Santana M., F. Rosales A., J. & Graf M., S. (2000) Losing knowledge about plant use in the Sierra de Manantlan Biosphere Reserve, Mexico. Economic Botany. 54(2):183-191.

56. Beaucent, S. and Fayolle, M. (2011) Projet MAMIA (Manompana mikajy nyala): étude, gestion et conservation des forêts de Manompana. Actions, bilan et perspectives MAMIA Project (Manompana

mikajy ny ala): survey, management and conservation of Manompana forest. Actions, outcomes and futur prospects. Accessed online: http://primatologie.revues.org/749

57. Bhuiyan M.A.H., Siwar C., Ismail S.M., Islam R. (2012) Environmental ecotourism for sustainable development in Sekayu Recreational Forest, Malaysia: perception from the local communities. Advances in Environmental Biology, 6(9); 2553-2557.

58. Biedenweg, K. (2012) A framework for evaluating forest conservation implications of community-based capacity building: experiences from the Northern Bolivian Amazon. Conservation and Society. 10(3):256-269.

59. Bien, A. (2010) Forest-based ecotourism in Costa Rica as a driver for positive social and environmental development. Unasylva. 61(236):49-53.

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646.Abbot, J. Ananze, F. G. Barning, N. Burnham, P. Merode, E. de Dunn, A. Fuchi, E. Hakizumwami, E. Hesse, C. Mwinyihali, R. Sani, M. M. Thomas, D. Trench, P. & Tshombe, R. (2000) Promoting partnerships: managing wildlife resources in Central and West Africa. Evaluating Eden Series - International Institute for Environment and Development. (4): x + 194 pp. IIED, London.

647.Albers H.J., Robinson E.J.Z. (2011) The trees and the bees: Using enforcement and income projects to protect forests and rural livelihoods through spatial joint production. Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 40/3 (December 2011) 424–438.

648.Alcorn, J. B. Zarzycki, A. Cruz, L. M. de la (2010) Poverty, governance and conservation in the Gran Chaco of South America. Biodiversity. 11(1/2):39-44.

649.Alcorn J, Kajuni A and Winterbottom B (2002) Assessment of CBNRM Best Practices in Tanzania. Prepared for USAID/Tanzania, USAID/Africa Bureau, Office of Sustainable Development.

650.Alexander, J. & McGregor, J. A. (2000) Wildlife and politics: CAMPFIRE in Zimbabwe. Development and Change. 31(3):605-627.

651.African Development Bank (2013) ENGAGING LOCAL COMMUNITIES IN REDD+/ENHANCEMENT OF CARBON STOCKS (ELCIR+), GHANA. OSAN/GECL. Accessed Online September 2015: http://www.afdb.org/en/news-and-events/article/afdb-supports-ghana-local-communities-with-14-55-million-to-reduce-deforestation-12787/

652.African Development Bank (2009) CBFF-Sankuru Community "Fair Trade" Carbon Initiative. Bonobo Conservation Initiative (BCI). Accessed Online September 2015: http://www.afdb.org/en/projects-and-operations/project-portfolio/project/p-z1-c00-021/

653.Appiah-Opoku, S. (2011) Using protected areas as a tool for biodiversity conservation and ecotourism: a case study of Kakum National Park in Ghana. Society & Natural Resources. 24(5):500-510.

654.Asian Development Bank (2015) China, People's Republic of: Shaanxi Qinling Biodiversity Conservation and Demonstration Project. Accessed Online September 2015: http://www.adb.org/projects/40685-012/main

655.Asia-Pacific Forum for Environment and Development (2009) APFED Lessons and Findings on Biodiversity and Sustainable Development Second Edition. Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES). Accessed Online September 2015: http://www.apfed.net/publications/pdf/BD0422-2.pdf

656.Asian Development Bank (2014) Strengthening Coastal and Marine Resources Management in the Coral Triangle of the Pacific (Phase 2). Accessed Online September 2015: http://www.adb.org/projects/43427-012/main

657.Asian Development Bank (2014) Indonesia: Coral Reef Rehabilitation and Management Program-Coral Triangle Initiative Project. Accessed Online September 2015: http://www.adb.org/projects/46421-001/main

658.Asian Development Bank (2011) Regional: Developing Sustainable Alternative Livelihoods in Coastal Fishing Communities in the Coral Triangle: Indonesia and Philippines. Accessed Online September 2015: http://www.adb.org/projects/44129-012/main

659.Asian Development Bank (2010) Strengthening Coastal and Marine Resources Management in the Coral Triangle of the Pacific (Phase 1). Accessed Online September 2015: http://www.adb.org/projects/documents/strengthening-coastal-and-marine-resources-management-coral-triangle-pacific-tacr

660.Asian Development Bank (2008) Lao People's Democratic Republic: Alternative Livelihood for Upland Ethnic Groups in Houaphanh Province. Accessed Online September 2015: http://www.adb.org/projects/41096-012/main

661. Asian Development Bank (2008) Mongolia: Poverty Reduction through Community-Based Natural Resource Management. Accessed Online September 2015: http://www.adb.org/projects/41659-012/main

662.Asian Development Bank (2007) China, People's Republic of: Jiangsu Yancheng Wetlands Protection Project. Accessed Online September 2015: http://www.adb.org/projects/40685-012/main

663.Asian Development Bank (2007) Poverty Reduction in Key Forestry Conservation Programs. Accessed Online September 2015: http://www.adb.org/projects/documents/poverty-reduction-key-forestry-conservation-programs-tcr

664.Asian Development Bank (2005) Tonle Sap Lowland Stabilization. Accessed Online September 2015: http://www.adb.org/projects/37287-012/main

665. Asian Development Bank (2004) Sustainable Livelihood Development for the Poor Coastal and Small Island Communities Project. Accessed Online September 2015: http://www.adb.org/projects/documents/sustainable-livelihood-development-poor-coastal-and-small-island-communities-gar

666.Asian Development Bank (2005) ADB to Provide US$6 Million in Grants for Tsunami-Affected Areas of Indonesia. Accessed Online September 2015: http://www.adb.org/news/adb-provide-us6-million-grants-tsunami-affected-areas-indonesia

667.Attum, O.El-Din, M. B. El-Din, S. B. & Habinan, S. (2007) Egyptian tortoise conservation: a community-based, field research program developed from a study on a captive population. Zoo Biology. 26(5):397-406.

668.Baconguis, S. R. & Malabanan, A. C. (2003) Mangrove-friendly agroforestry system: a sustainable livelihood in coastal wetlands. Canopy International, 29(4/6):6-7, 10.

669.Barkin D (2003). Alleviating Poverty Through Ecotourism: Promises and Reality in the Monarch Butterfly Reserve of Mexico. Environment, Development and Sustainability, September 2003, Volume 5, Issue 3, pp 371-382

670.Bennett N (2010) Sustainable Livelihoods from Theory to Conservation Practice: An Extended Annotated Bibliography for Prospective Application of Livelihoods Approaches in Protected Area Community Research. Accessed Online September 2015: http://dspace.library.uvic.ca/handle/1828/4461

671.Beaucent, S. and Fayolle, M. (2011) Projet MAMIA (Manompana mikajy ny ala): étude, gestion et conservation des forêts de Manompana. Actions, bilan et perspectives MAMIA Project (Manompana mikajy ny ala): survey, management and conservation of Manompana forest. Actions, outcomes and future prospects. Accessed online: http://primatologie.revues.org/749

672.Bevanger K, Datta AK, Eid AT and Shirin M (2001) Tanguar Haor Wetland Biodiversity Conservation Project: An Appraisal. NINA Project Report 16. Norsk institutt for naturforskning. Accessed Online September 2015: http://www.nina.no/archive/nina/PppBasePdf/prosjektark%5CprojectReport%5C016.pdf

673.Billand, A. (2005) Etude sur le plan pratique d’Aménagement des Forêts Naturelles de Production Tropicales Africaines Application au cas de l’Afrique Centrale Volet 3 « Aspects Faunistiques. Association Technique Internationale des Bois Tropicaux, Paris.

674.BirdLife International (year unknown) Saving Globally Threatened Birds at Fiji’s Mount Nabukelevu IBA through a Community-based Reforestation and Sustainable Land Management Approach. Accessed Online September 2015: http://www.birdlife.org/pacific/projects/saving-globally-threatened-birds-fiji%E2%80%99s-mount-nabukelevu-iba-through-community

675.BirdLife International (2007) The BirdLife International Partnership: Conserving Biodiversity, Improving Livelihoods. Cambridge, UK. Accessed Online September 2015: http://www.birdlife.org/sites/default/files/attachments/people-and-biodiversity.pdf

676.BirdLife International (2008) Building Partnerships Working together for conservation and development. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International. Accessed Online September 2015: http://www.birdlife.org/sites/default/files/attachments/building_partnerships_LEP.pdf

677.Brown, D. (1998) Participatory biodiversity conservation rethinking the strategy in the low tourist potential areas of tropical Africa. ODI Natural Resource Perspectives; 1998. (33):6 pp. 11 ref. ODI, London.

678.Burgin S and Fru Zama E. (2014) Community-Based Tourism - Option for Forest-Dependent Communities in 1A IUCN Protected Areas? Cameroon Case Study. SHS Web of Conferences, 12. Accessed Online September 2015: http://www.shs-conferences.org/articles/shsconf/pdf/2014/09/shsconf_4ictr2014_01067.pdf

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680.Carret, J.-C. and Loyer, D. (2003) Comment financer durablement les aires protégées à Madagascar?: apport de l'analyse économique. Accessed online: http://iwlearn.net/abt_iwlearn/events/workshops/ouagadougou/readingfiles/worldbank-comment-financer.pdf

681.Carrière, S. (2003) Les orphelins de la forêt: pratiques paysannes et écologie forestière Ntumu du Sud-Cameroun. Paris : IRD, 2003, 373 p

682.Carter C and Garoway C (2013) Shifting Tides, Complex Lives: The Dynamics of Fishing and Tourism Livelihoods on the Kenyan Coast. Society & Natural Resources: An International Journal, Volume 27, Issue 6, pages 573 - 587

683.Chatterjee, N. (1995) Social forestry in environmentally degraded regions of India: case-study of the Mayurakshi basin. Environmental Conservation. 22(1):20-30.

684.Catterson, T.M., Thiam, B., Diakité, D. and Ham, R. (2001) Etude d’Impact Environnemental Programmatique de la Cogestion des Forêts Classées de Guinée. Accessed online: http://rmportal.net/library/content/tools/environmental-policy-and-institutional-strengthening-epiq-iqc/epiq-environmental-policy-and-institutional-strengthening-cd-vol-1/epiq-cd-1-tech-area-biodiversity-conservation/etude-d2019impact-environnemental-programmatique-de-la-cogestion-des-forets-classees-de-guinee-french/view

685.Chen, H. Shivakoti, G. Zhu, T. & Maddox, D. (2012) Livelihood sustainability and community based co-management of forest resources in China: changes and improvement. Environmental Management; 2012. 49(1):219-228.

686.Chhetri PB, Barrow EGC and Muhweezi A (2004) Securing Protected Area Integrity and Rural People's Livelihoods: Lessons from Twelve Years of the Kibale and Semliki Conservation and Development Project. IUCN Eastern Africa Programme Forest and Social Perspectives in Conservation No. 11

687.Choudhary, K. (2000) Development dilemma: resettlement of Gir maldharis. Economic and Political Weekly. 35(30):2662-2668.

688.Coupe S, Lewis V, Ogutu Z and Watson C. (2002) Living with Wildlife - Sustainable Livelihoods for Park-adjacent Communities in Kenya. Sustainable livelihoods for park-adjacent communities in Kenya. ITDG Working Papers. Rugby: Intermediate Technology Development Group, UK. 41 pp.

689.Czudek, R. (2001) Utilisation rationnelle de la faune sauvage en Afrique. FAO, Rome, Italy.

690.Dejouhanet, L. (2010) L’écodéveloppement participatif en question. le cas de la réserve naturelle de Parambikulam en Inde du Sud. Accessed online https://rga.revues.org/1116

691.Djoh, E. and van der Wal, M. (2001) Réseau de Foresterie pour le Développement Rural. Le tourisme basé sur les gorilles: est-ce une source réaliste de revenus communautaires au Cameroun? Etude de

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692.Djuharsa, E. (2004) Solution Strategies of the Alternative Income Increase in Gili Matra Marine Natural Recreation Park (GM-MNRP) West Nusa Tenggara Province- Indonesia. In: UNEP (2004) People and Reefs, Successes and Challenges in the Management of Coral Reef Marine Protected Areas. Regional Seas Reports and Studies No. 17.

693.Dung, L.D. (2009) Nha Trang Bay marine protected area, Vietnam: initial trends in coral structure and some preliminary linkages between these trends and human activities (2002-2005). Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management. 12(3):249-257.

694.Dolphin Foundation (2010) Integrated Approach to Enhance Protection of Manas Tiger Reserve, a Priority Site Outcome in the Indian part of the Bhutan Biological Conservation Complex.CEPF Project Completion Report. Accessed Online September 2015: http://www.cepf.net/Documents/Final_Bhutan_Biological_Conservation_Complex.pdf

695.Drury R (2009) Reducing urban demand for wild animals in Vietnam: examining the potential of wildlife farming as a conservation tool. Conservation Letters, Volume 2, Issue 6, pages 263–270.

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699.Els, H. & Bothma, J. du P. (2000) Developing partnerships in a paradigm shift to achieve conservation reality in South Africa. Koedoe. 43(1):19-26.

700.Elkan, P., Moukassa, A. and Elkan, S. (2002) Suivi d’une approche pour la gestion de la faune dans une concession forestière au nord Congo.

701.Entwistle A, Atay S, Byfield A and Oldfield S (2002) Alternatives for the bulb trade from Turkey: a case study of indigenous bulb propagation.. Oryx, Volume 36, Issue 04, pp 333-341

702.Hughes R and Flintan F (2001) Integrating conservation and development experience: A review and bibliography. Biodiversity and Livelihoods Issues No.3

703.Fang YiPing (2002) Ecotourism in Western Sichuan, China: replacing the forestry-based economy. Mountain Research and Development. 22(2):113-115.

704.Gaire, D. (2012) An assessment of community-based biodiversity conservation and rural livelihood improvement in the buffer zone of Bardia National Park, Nepal. Tiger Paper. 39(2):7-14.

705.Gauthier, S. and Côté, P. (2005) Conservation et restauration de la forêt tropicale du Panama: enjeux et pistes de solutions

706.Gill SK, Ross WH, Panya O. (2009) Moving beyond rhetoric: The need for participatory forest management with the Jakun of South-East Pahang, Malaysia. Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 21(2): 123–138.

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708.Green, M. J. B. Manoj Misra, Bansal, A. K. & Prasad, R. R. (2010) Eco-development in Orissa's protected areas: a participatory approach to conserving forest biodiversity and alleviating poverty piloted in Satkosia. Biodiversity. 11(1/2):62-70.

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711.Guha I, Ghosh S and Bellamy R (2007) Can Tourism be a Vehicle for Conservation? An Investigation from the Mangrove Forests of the Indian Sundarbans. SANDEE policy brief / South Asian Network for Development and Environmental Economics; no. 25-07.

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Article excluded on outcome (i.e. Does not refer to reducing a threat and/or improving the conservation status of specified biodiversity target)

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