1325 in UN Peace Keeping Missions

May 9, 2012Maud Edgren-Schori

Pierre Schori

Maud Edgren-Schori

Indevelop

UN Resolution 1325:

Women, Peace and

Security

1325 in UN peacekeeping missionsPresentation 09.30 – 12.30

• Introduction (PS, ME-S)• What is and Why the UN? (PS)• UN Peace Keeping (PS)• Coffee Break 10.15 – 10.30

• Concept of Gender and CEDAW (ME-S)• Gender Advisor in the Field (ME-S)• Legstretcher 11.15 – 11.30

• Responsibility to Protect (R2P)• SC Resolutions and Mandates – CI• 12.00: Q and A• Lunch Break 12.30 – 13.30

Main purposes of the UN

1. To keep peace throughout world

2. To develop friendly relations among nations

3. To support nations work together to erase poverty, hunger, disease and illiteracy; and encourage respect for HR

4. To establish Centre for harmonizing actions to achieve the goals

Dag Hammarskjöld (1905 – September 18, 1961) served from April 1953 until his death in a plane crash. He is the only person to have been awarded the Nobel

Peace Prize posthumously.

C F Reuterswärd, 1980

The Blue Helmets were created by Hammarskjöld and his team.

Three guiding principles for PKO:s:

The UN Blue Helmets (1) shall have the consent of the parties, (2) be impartial and (3) use force only in self-defence or in defence of the mandate.

UN Peacekeeping

began in 1948 when the Security Council authorized the deployment of UN military observers to the Middle East.

The mission's role was to monitor the Armistice Agreement between Israel and its Arab neighbours (UNTSO) and the UN Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP). Both of these missions, which continue operating to this day.Since then, 67 peacekeeping operations have been deployed by the UN, 54 of them since 1988. Over the years, hundreds of thousands of military personnel, as well as tens of thousands of UN police and other civilians from more than 120 countries have participated in UN peacekeeping operations.

The Suez and the Congo Crises

The earliest armed peacekeeping operation was the UN Emergency Force (UNEF) deployed successfully in 1956 to address the Suez Crisis.

The UN Operation in the Congo (ONUC), launched in 1960, was the first large-scale mission having nearly 20,000 military personnel at its peak. ONUC demonstrated the risks involved in trying to bring stability to war-torn regions – 250 UN personnel died while serving on that mission, including the Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjold.

As of 31 March 2012 workforce consisted of:• 84,186 serving troops and military observers ,14,421 police personnel;• 5,468 international civilian personnel; 12,290 local civilian staff• 2,421 UN Volunteers. 117 countries contributed military and police personnel

.

• Insist of SADD collection and use

• Evaluate by SADD

DonorsAgencies• Collect• Analysis• Act• Document

Age and Sex Matter

10

Gender• shaped by rules, norms, customs and

practices through which the biological differences (sex) - males and females - are transformed into social differences (gender)

• results in women and men being valued differently and having unequal opportunities and life chances

Gender Analysis (GA)

GA requires collection of:

• sex/age disaggregated data• info on rules, norms and practices of social

institutions which impact the division of labour and distribution of resources between women and men

GA is a good Start of a better Ending!

Gender Mainstreaming

… assessing the implications for women and men in any action, including legislation, politics and programmes

… making concerns and experiences of women and men an integral part of design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and programmes, so that women an men benefit equally

Guiding documents

• Conventions• National policies on GE• UNDP (HQ) gender policy• UNDP-CI gender policy• UNSCR 1325 (1820, 1888 and 1960 came

later)• UNSC resolutions on CI• UN policies on Gender, Codes of Conduct

Who is responsible for implementing 1325?

• UN Security Council• UN Secretary-General• UN Member States/TCCs• UN Agencies• Armed groups – national militaries, rebel

groups, etc.• Humanitarian agencies• Mediators in peace negotiations

Gender Advisor UNDPassignments

• Training - In-house + partners• Prepare Gender Policy Declaration/

Strategic Action Plan (CI) /National Gender Policy (L)

• Review of Programs/Projects• Data collection/Needsassessment (G)• Develop program: ”Women in Peace

and Reconciliation” (CI)• Resource mobilisation (CI)

Gaps are caused by:

• Resistance

• Ignorance

• Indifference

Gender Perspective requires

• Knowledge

• Commitment

• Priority

• Resources

Two cases of Responibility to protect (R2P)

Thabo Mbeki, Why is the UN entrenching former colonial powers on our continent? http://foreignpolicy.com/articles, 29 April, 2011

David Rieff, The Man Who Knew Too Much http://www.foreignpolicy.com/article,

24 October, 2011

May 1st, 2012 ICC Weekly Update: Situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

• In this situation, four cases have been brought before the relevant Chambers: The Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo; The Prosecutor v. Bosco Ntaganda; The Prosecutor v. Germain Katanga and Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui; and The Prosecutor v. Callixte Mbarushimana.

• Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, Germain Katanga and Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui are currently in the custody of the ICC. The suspect Bosco Ntaganda remains at large. On 16 December 2011, Pre-Trial Chamber I declined to confirm the charges against Mr Mbarushimana. He was released on 23 December 2011.

• Ratko Mladić is a former Bosnian Serb military leader accused of committing war crimes, including the massacre of 8 000 Muslims at Srebrenica in 1995. On 31 May 2011, Mladić was extradited to The Hague, where he was processed at the detention center of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY).His trial will begin on May 14.

• Milošević was charged with war crimes and crimes against humanity in connection with the wars in Bosnia, Croatia and Kosovo by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY)

• Milošević conducted his own defense in the five-year long trial, which ended without a verdict when he died on 11 March 2006 in his prison cell in The Hague.[

May 3rd 2012: Prosecutors want Charles Taylor sentenced to 80 years in prison

• Prosecutors in the trial Charles Taylor have said the former Liberian leader should be sentenced to 80 years in prison, given the “extreme magnitude” of the crimes he committed.

• The 64-year-old leader was found guilty on 11 counts of war crimes and crimes against humanity at the Special Court for Sierra Leone.

”The United Nations was not created to bring us to heaven but to save us from hell”