13,000 km 3
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13,000 km 3 15,300,000 km 3 1,350,000,000 km 3 71,000 km 3 33,000,000 km 3 425,000 km 3 40,000 km 3
description
13,000 km 3. 33,000,000 km 3. 71,000 km 3. 425,000 km 3. 40,000 km 3. 1,350,000,000 km 3. 15,300,000 km 3. Carbon Cycling. Nitrogen Cycling. Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 350-550 billion tons of carbon trapped in microbes 85-130 billion tons nitrogen in microbes - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of 13,000 km 3
13,000 km3
15,300,000 km31,350,000,000 km3
71,000 km3
33,000,000 km3
425,000 km3
40,000 km3
Carbon Cycling
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Nitrogen Cycling
Global Biogeochemical Cycles
• 350-550 billion tons of carbon trapped in microbes
• 85-130 billion tons nitrogen in microbes
• 9-14 billion tons phosphorus in microbes
• 85% of the 15 billion tons of nitrogen fixed annually is fixed by bacteria
• 50% of oxygen produced by cyanobacteria
Carbon Cycling
Car
bon
diox
ide
conc
entr
atio
n (p
pm)
Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii
320
340
360
380
Hottest years on Record190219011900 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909
199219911990 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
196219611960 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
195219511950 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
193219301930 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939
194219411940 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949
191219111910 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919
192219211920 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929
197219711970 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
198219811980 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
200220012000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 200820092010 20112012
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IPCC Projected Impacts
Car
bon
diox
ide
conc
entr
atio
n (p
pm)
Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii
320
340
360
380
Ocean AcidificationCO2 + H20 H2CO3 HCO3
- + H+
Hoegh-Guldberg, et al. Science, 2008
Location Of The Stations
Ambika Badh, 2009
•Longer growing season
•Higher yield
•Better quality and different varieties of crop
•Stronger economy
•Changes in rainfall pattern (+/-)• Higher risk of flood
• Higher risk of drought
Ambika Badh’s Predictions at 2007 NDAS meeting
Bird range shrinkage by 2050
after Jetz, et al. PLOS Biology, 2007
(8,750 species)
60%
10%
Fig. 25-5, p. 454
•Parmesan, et al. Nature. 1999
The end
Car
bon
diox
ide
conc
entr
atio
n (p
pm)
• Vostock Ice Core, Antarctica
200
250
300
Projected Temperature Change
ModerateGreenhouseGas Increase
LargeGreenhouseGasIncrease
•Parmesan, et al. Nature. 1999
•Parmesan, et al. Nature. 1999
