Chapter 13: The AtmosphereLearning Target Vocabulary Word Definition Facts or Examples Symbol/PictureLesson 1

I can describe the composition of the

atmosphere . . .weather

condition of Earth's _____________at a

particular _______ and ___________.

atmosphere the envelope of ___________ that

surrounds the____________.

Earth's atmosphere consists of__________, ________ ,

___________dioxide, water ___________, and other gases,

as well as____________ of liquids and solids.

water vapor water in the form of a ________(not the same

as steam)

The amount of water vapor in the air __________ greatly

from place to place.

I can state how the atmosphere is

a system . . .

__________in one part of the atmosphere

__________ other parts of the atmosphere.

The atmosphere is like a ____________because it has ________ and these parts

____________.Lesson 2

I can identify some properties

of air . . .air has mass, density

and_____________

Air is made up of atoms and _____________ that

have_______.

density the amount of_______ in a given

____________ of air.

density = mass / volume

air pressure the result of the

__________ of a ______________ of air pushing on an area

I can describe how barometers can be used to measure air pressure . . .

barometer an _____________ that is used to measure

air___________.

Air pressure is measured in inches of ___________ and

millibars.

mercury barometer

as the air pressure increases, it pushes

_______ on the surface of the mercury in the dish. This causes the mercury in the tube

to ____________ .

As the air pressure drops, the mercury in the ________ falls and the mercury in the

_______ rises.

aneroid barometer

an airtight metal __________ that is ____________ to changes in air

pressure

When air pressure increases, the thin walls of the chamber are pushed _____. When the

pressure drops, the walls bulge _______. As the shape

of the chamber changes, the _________ on the dial moves.

I can explain how altitude affects air

pressure and density . . .

altitude __________ or distance above______ level

Air pressure ___________ as altitude increases. As air pressure decreases so

does____________.

Lesson 3

I can identify the four main layers

of the atmosphere and their

characteristics . . .

Scientists divide Earth's atmosphere

into 4 main __________.

1. Troposphere2._____________3. _____________

4. Thermosphere

I can explain the characteristics of the atmosphere's

layers . . .

troposphere the lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere where you ______.

Tropo means ____________

Earth's ______________ occurs here. It is between 9-16 km

thick. It contains most of the____________ . As altitude

increases, temperature_____________.

stratospherethe second layer of

the atmosphere.

Strato means ________ or spread out

Contains the _________ layer which protects us from

________________ radiation. As altitude increases,

temperature___________.

mesospherethe layer above the

stratosphere.

Meso means__________.

____________ Earth's surface from being hit by ___________.

Between 50-80 km above Earth's surface

thermosphere the _____________ layer, extends from 80 km into space

Temperature up to ____________ o C but not much

__________ because gas molecules __________ so far

apart.

ionosphere ________ part of the thermosphere (80-

400 km)

Ions are charged particles. This is where the northern

and southern lights (auroras) are formed.

exosphere ___________ layer, from 400 to

thousands of km

This is where GPS and TV satellites orbit and

spacecrafts go.Lesson 4

I can state in which form energy

travels from the sun to

Earth . . .

electromagnetic waves

________travels to Earth as

electromagnetic waves and can move through the _________

of space.

Most of the energy from the sun travels to Earth in the form of _________ light and

__________ radiation. A smaller amount arrives as

____________radiation.

radiation ___________ transfer of energy by

_____________________waves

visible light all the colors you see in a ____________-

ROYGBIV

Red and orange have ___________ wavelengths;

blue and violet have ___________ wavelengths.

infrared radiation

wavelengths are ____________ than

wavelengths for red light

It is invisible to humans but it can be felt as __________.

ultraviolet radiation

an invisible form of energy with

wavelengths that are ___________ than

wavelengths for violet light

UV radiation can cause__________ .

I can explain what happens to sun's

energy in the atmosphere and

at Earth's surface . . .

some sunlight is absorbed or reflected

by the ____________ before it can reach

the surface.

The rest passes through the atmosphere to the

___________ 50% of the energy that reaches the

surface is __________ by land and water and changed into

___________.

scatteringa process where dust-

size particles and gases in the atmosphere

__________ light in all ___________.

The sky looks blue because gas molecules ___________ short blue __________ more than long red wavelengths.

Greenhouse effect

the energy from the ___________ radiation

heats the gases in the air. These __________ hold heat in Earth's

atmosphere.

It is a ___________ process, and keeps Earth at a

_____________ temperature. Scientists have evidence that

human activities may ____________ the greenhouse

effect.Lesson 5

I can describe how temperature is measured . . .

temperaturethe __________amount

of energy of __________ of each

particle in a substance.

The ___________ the particles are moving, the _________ energy they have and the higher the temperature.

thermal energy

the __________ energy of motion in the

________ of a substance.

The tea in the ______ has more thermal energy than

the tea in the _____ because it has more ________

thermometer an instrument that measures

temperature

When the air temperature increases, the temperature of the ________ in the bulb

increases and the liquid __________ and rises up the

__________.

Celsius Scale Freezing point of water = ___o and

boiling point is _____o

To convert from Fahrenheit to Celsius use the formula: Fahrenheit -32

1.8

Fahrenheit Scale

Freezing point of water is ____ o and

boiling point is ______o

I can describe how heat is

transferred . . .heat

Thermal energy transferred from a ________ object to a

_________ one.

Heat is __________ in three ways convection, conduction

and radiation.

convectionThe transfer of heat by the _____________

of a _________ (liquids and gases)

Ex. air conditioning in your house, boiling noodles

conductionTransfer of heat

between two ____________ that are in direct_____________.

Conduction works well in__________ , air and water

do not conduct heat ________.Ex. pan touching stove, feet

on hot sand

radiationDirect transfer of

energy by ______________ waves

Ex. campfire, sun's rays

convection currents

___________ movement of warm

air and the ___________

movement of cool air.

Heat is transferred mostly by convection within the______________ .

Lesson 6I can explain how

scientists describe and explain winds . . .

wind the movement of air _____________ to Earth’s surface

move from areas of ______ pressure to __________

pressure

caused by __________ heating of the atmosphere

anemometer instrument used to measure the

__________ of the wind

windchill factor

the increased ____________ that wind

can causeI can distinguish

between local winds and global

winds and identify major global wind

belts…

local winds winds that blow over short _____________

form when large scale winds are weak

2 types = sea breezes and land breezes

sea breezeduring the day, land

heats up________, (low pressure), water is

________ , (high pressure) so wind

blows from ________ to __________

land breezeduring the night, land ________ down faster, (high pressure), water

is ____________, (low pressure) so wind

blows from _______ to ___________

global windswinds that blow _________ from

specific directions over ________

distances

occur over a large area

Coriolis Effect the way Earth’s _____________ makes

winds __________

in Northern Hemisphere global winds turn ___________

in Southern Hemisphere global winds turn counter

clockwise

doldrums________ area where

warm air ___________= little to no wind

occur at the _________

a global wind belt

horse latitudes

two calming areas of ________ air

little to no wind

threw horses overboard to lighten ships to move in no

wind

a global wind beltfrom equator to _____° North

and South latitudes

the air stops moving toward the poles and sinks

trade windsblow from horse

latitudes _________ bn the equator

Winds blowing from 30 degrees to 0

(equator); sail from Europe to USA

a global wind belt

blow from ___to ____

prevailing westerlies

blow from west to east, ______ from the

horse latitudesWinds blowing from

60 to 30 degrees latitude; most of USA

__________ (rain, snow)

between 30° and 60° N and S

blow from ___ to ___

WE LIVE IN THIS global wind belt

polar easterlies

blow cold air away from the _________

Winds blowing from 90 to 60 degrees

latitude; brings USA snow & ________

weather

a global wind beltblow from ___ to ___

Learning Targets Chapter 13

Lesson 1

I can describe the composition of the atmosphere . . .

Earth’s atmosphere consists of_____________, oxygen, carbon dioxide, ________________, and other gases, as well as particles of liquids and solids.

I can state how the atmosphere is a system . . .

Events in one part of the atmosphere ______________ other parts of the atmosphere.

Lesson 2

I can identify some properties of air . . .

Because air has_____________, it also has other properties, including ______________ and ___________________.

I can describe how barometers can be used to measure air pressure . . .

Two common kinds of barometers are __________________ barometers and _____________ barometers.

I can explain how altitude affects air pressure and density . . .

Air pressure ___________________ as altitude _______________. As air pressure______________, do does _________________.

Lesson 3

I can identify the four main layers of the atmosphere and their characteristics . . .

Scientists divide Earth’s atmosphere into ________________ main layers according to changes in ______________________.

I can explain the characteristics of the atmosphere's layers . . .

Earth’s weather occurs in the _______________. The stratosphere contains the ________________ layer. The mesosphere protects Earth from ____________________. The ____________________ is the outermost layer of the atmosphere.

Lesson 4

I can state in which form energy travels from the sun to Earth . . .

The sun’s energy travels to Earth as ______________ light, ______________ radiation and______________ radiation.

I can explain what happens to sun's energy in the atmosphere and at Earth's surface . . .

Some sunlight is ______________ or reflected by the atmosphere. Some of the energy Earth absorbs is radiated back out as ______________ radiation.

Lesson 5

I can describe how temperature is measured . . .

Air temperature is usually measured with a______________.

I can describe how heat is transferred . . .

Heat is transferred in three ways: ______________, ______________and ______________. Heat is transferred mostly by convection within the ______________.

Lesson 6

I can explain how scientists describe and explain winds . . .

Winds are caused by ______________ in air pressure.

I can distinguish between local winds and global winds and identify major global wind belts…

The ______________ heating of Earth’s surface within a ______________ area causes local winds. Global winds are caused by the unequal heating of Earth’s surface over a ______________ area.