13 Colonies

Why would Britain want Colonies in America?

• 1) Trade

• 2) Economic Gain

• 3) Access to natural resources

• 4) More power and territory than their rivals

• 5) A place to send people

Why come to America?

• Opportunity

• Freedom

• Access to food

• Farther away from the monarchy

• Offered a chance at freedom, if you were a slave

New World Colonies

• Britain had no plan to colonize, it just happened

• Just wanted to gain more than Spain

• What happens next???

First Attempt: Lost Colony

• Sir Walter Raleigh• Sends scouts to America• Builds fortified city at Roanoke Island (NC)• People come on voyage (1587)• Leader of Expedition, John White, fails to follow

orders, leaves Colonists to find supplies• 1590, White returns, No sign of colonists• Raleigh’s attempt fails, England tries again

New King: James I

• Wants to be friendly with Spain

• Shares power with Parliament (legislative body)

• Argues over taxation• Religion is also an issue,

even though King James sponsors a new interpretation of the Bible

Religious Questions

• Catholic or Protestant???

• Catholic - refers to the members, beliefs, and practices of the Catholic Church (Roman Catholic Church) that is in full communion with the Pope (Bishop of Rome).

• Protestant - individuals and churches who advocated a formal separation from the Roman Catholic Church.

John Calvin

• Founded Puritan Faith• Puritan Belief

– God is all powerful– Man is totally evil– Salvation is an unearned gift

of God– God’s Elect– Predestination

Church Splits

• Catholic Church splits

• Anglican Church forms

• Puritans a minority in Anglican Church

• English Civil war begins– Cavaliers (Royals) vs Roundheads

(Parliamentarians)

• Parliament consisted of many Puritans

• Oliver Cromwell helps Puritans win

Jamestown

• 1st Permanent English settlement• 1607• Joint-stock Colony• A group of investors form Virginia Company

purchase a charter from the king and write a constitution for the colony

• John Rolf introduces Tobacco in Jamestown Colony – raises profits of colony, leads to need for slave

• Colony eventually sold to King and becomes a Royal Colony

Chesapeake

• New name for the populated area including Jamestown and surrounding areas

• People migrate for financial reasons

• Indentured Servitude – free passage to the New World leads to seven years of work and then servants get freedom

• 130,000 were indentured servants

Land Ownership ???

• Does not exist

• Had to live here for 4 years before they could own land

• Coming to America now not as popular

• People not as adamant to come to America

1620

• Puritans want to be different than Anglican Church

• Separatists – Want to leave Anglican Church

• Mayflower leaves England for America

• Pilgrims – those who made the journey to America on the Mayflower

• Land in Plymouth

Mayflower Compact

• First governing document of Plymouth Colony

• Agreement to live by Puritan rules and laws

• Written by William Bradford

1629

• Massachusetts Bay Colony

• Founded by John Winthrop

• Biggest Puritan Colony

• Did not have total religious tolerance

Salem Bay Settlement

• 1629

• Roger Williams - Teacher

• Teaches the following principle: Separation of Church and State

• What is Separation of Church and State?

• Puritans banish Williams…He starts Rhode Island

Religious Intolerance

Anne Hutchinson

Proponent of antinomianism - the belief that faith and God’s Grace, not moral law or deeds, earn one a place among the electTried for heresy, is convicted, and banished

John WheelwrightBrother-in-law of Anne Hutchinson, banished from New Hampshire for defending her views

More Religious Difficulties

• Salem

• 1692

• Salem Witchcraft Trials

• Leads to Mass Hysteria

• Accused are place on trial and hanged

• Most don’t get a fair chance a defending themselves

Southern ColoniesVirginia – 1607

– Joint-stock Colony converted to Royal Colony– Tobacco Introduced there

Carolina - 1663- Proprietary Colony - sold to eight Lord Proprietors, want a big Profit- Included NC, SC, Some of TN, KY, MS, and AL- converted to Royal Colony- split in 1712 NC – Albemarle settlement - rural, slow economic growth, isolated

SC – Charleston settlement – trading center, rich colony, grow rice

Georgia – 1733- founded by John Oglethorpe- Debtors Colony- slaves illegal, gives people 2nd chance

Southern Society and Economy

• Based on Agriculture

• Plantation system

• 3 things decide how economy will look• 1) Climate• 2) terrain• 3) crops (cash crops – tobacco, corn, rice)

• Plantation system leads to Forced labor

Forced Labor

• 1) Indian Slavery

• 2) Indentured Servitude– Work 7 years, be free

• 3) African Slavery• Triangular Trade Route was the trade of rum,

slaves, and other goods between Europe, America, and Africa

• Middle Passage – shipping route slaves took to America

Bacon’s Rebellion

• Led by Nathaniel Bacon

• Bought land on frontier in Virginia, Indians want land

• Indians want help of colony, colony is trading with Indians

• Landless poor people like Bacon

• Bacon leads revolt, dies, revolt fails

• Effect – slavery becomes more popular

Middle ColoniesMaryland – 1633

- Proprietary Colony, under control of Lord Baltimore- Catholic Colony

Delaware - 1638 - Dutch settled first, then English - Proprietary Colony - Independent by 1701 with elected assembly

Pennsylvania – 1682- Governor – William Penn- Quaker Colony- Quakers – Believe in simplicity, equality, peace, and integrity

MIDDLE COLONIES

• Virginia established for economic reason and the New England colonies established for religious reasons

• The motives for establishing the Middle colonies were a combination of these

• Religious tolerance/Quakers• Owners offer low land prices to attract colonists• Last of 3 areas to be settled• Easier trade therefore

New England Colonies

Massachusetts (1620)- Massachusetts Bay company bought rights to settle in Massachusetts- Joint-stock colony - First settled by Pilgrims, then Salem is settled by Puritans (John

Winthrop)- Converted into a Royal Colony

New Hampshire (1623)- established by John Mason as a fishing village- Proprietary colony, eventually became a royal colony

New Jersey/ New Netherlands (1623)- Proprietary colony- settled by Dutch, Sir George Carteret and Lord Berkeley- new grant was called New Jersey

New York / New Amsterdam (1624)- settled by Dutch- Peter Minuit bought Manhattan Island for $24- Proprietary colony but became Royal colony

New England Colonies

• Mixed Economy

• Based on Plantation system and trade

• Manufacturing is also developing

• Grow food for family to eat, any surplus will be traded