13 Colonies

New England Colonies

•Rhode Island•Connecticut•Massachusetts•New Hampshire

New England

• Climate and Physical Features–Rocky Soils–Short farming season–Subsistence farming–Bad farming conditions–Great harbors for port• Cities like Boston

New England

• Economic Comparative Advantage–Commercial businesses ($$$)• Fishing• Shipping•manufacturing

New England

•Why colonies were started–Religious freedom–Pilgrims, Puritans fled

England for Massachusetts

The New England Colonies

Rhode Island

Massachusetts

New Hampshire

Connecticut

Rhode Island

• Founded: 1636 by Roger Williams and others, at Providence

• Major Industry: Agriculture (livestock, dairy, fishing), Manufacturing (lumbering)

• Major Cities: Providence • Colony Named for: Dutch for "red island" • Became a State: May 29, 1790

Connecticut• Founded: 1636 by Thomas Hooker and

others, at Hartford • Major Industry: Agriculture (wheat, corn,

fishing) • Major Cities: Hartford, New Haven • Colony Named for: from an Algonquin

word, quinnehtukqut, "beside the long tidal river"

• Became a State: February 6, 1788

Massachusetts

• Founded: 1630 by John Winthrop and others, at Massachusetts Bay

• Major Industry: Agriculture (fishing, corn, livestock), Manufacturing (lumbering, shipbuilding)

• Major Cities: Boston, Quincy, Plymouth, Salem, Lexington, Concord

• Colony Named for: Massachusetts tribe (word means "large hill place")

• Became a State: February 6, 1788

New Hampshire• Founded: 1638 by John Wheelwright and

others • Major Industry: Agriculture (potatoes,

fishing), Manufacturing (textiles, shipbuilding)

• Major Cities: Concord • Colony Named for: county of Hampshire

in England • Became a State: June 21, 1788

Middle Colonies

•Delaware•Pennsylvania•New York•New Jersey

Middle Colonies

•Climate and Physical Features–Good Soil–Longer growing seasons than

New England–Ok Harbors

Middle Colonies

• Economic Comparative Advantage–Known as the “Breadbasket”•Grew crops like wheat and corn

–Provided food for other colonies–Some shipping and manufacturing

Middle Colonies

•Why colonies were started–Religious Freedom•Make money through trade (New York and New Jersey)

The Middle Colonies

New York

New Jersey

Pennsylvania

Delaware

Delaware• Founded: 1638 by Peter Minuit and

others • Major Industry: Agriculture (fishing),

Manufacturing (lumbering) • Major Cities: Wilmington • Colony Named for: named for the

Delaware tribe and for an early governor of colonial Virginia, Lord de la Warr

• Became a State: December 7, 1787

Pennsylvania

• Founded: 1682 by William Penn and others, at Philadelphia

• Major Industry: Agriculture (wheat, corn, cattle, dairy), Manufacturing (textiles, papermaking, shipbuilding)

• Major Cities: Philadelphia, Lancaster, York • Colony Named for: William Penn and sylvania,

Latin for "forest" • Became a State: December 12, 1787

New York

• Founded: 1626 by Peter Minuit and others, on Manhattan Island

• Major Industry: Manufacturing (shipbuilding, iron works), Agriculture (cattle, grain, rice, indigo, wheat)

• Major Cities: New York City, Albany • Colony Named for: Duke of York • Became a State: July 26, 1788

New Jersey

• Founded: 1664 by English colonists • Major Industry: Manufacturing

(ironworking, lumbering) • Major Cities: Trenton, Princeton • Colony Named for: Isle of Jersey in

England • Became a State: December 18, 1787

Southern Colonies

•Maryland•Virginia•North Carolina• South Carolina•Georgia

Southern Colonies

• Climate and Physical Features–Great Soil–Warm Weather–Very long growing seasons–Bad harbors

Southern Colonies

• Economic Comparative Advantage–Focused on farming cash crops–Large plantation farms for tobacco,

cotton, and indigo–Almost no shipping

Southern Colonies

• Why colonies were started–Almost all were started to make

money by growing cash crops–Maryland was started for religious

freedom–Georgia•A place for criminals/ debtors

Southern Colonies

Maryland

Virginia

North Carolina

South Carolina

Georgia

Maryland• Founded: 1633 by Lord Baltimore and

others, at Baltimore • Major Industry: Manufacturing

(shipbuilding, iron works), Agriculture (corn, wheat, rice, indigo)

• Major Cities: Baltimore, Annapolis • Colony Named for: Queen Henrietta

Maria of England • Became a State: April 28, 1788

Virginia• Founded: 1607 by John Smith and

others, at Jamestown • Major Industry: Plantation agriculture

(tobacco, wheat, corn) • Major Cities: Jamestown, Williamsburg,

Richmond • Colony Named for: England's "Virgin

Queen," Elizabeth I • Became a State: June 25, 1788

North Carolina

• Founded: 1653 by Virginia colonists • Major Industry: Plantation agriculture

(indigo, rice, tobacco) • Major Cities: Raleigh • Colony Named for: from Carolus, the

Latin word for "Charles," Charles I of England

• Became a State: November 21, 1789

South Carolina

• Founded: 1663 by English colonists • Major Industry: Plantation agriculture

(indigo, rice, tobacco, cotton, cattle) • Major Cities: Charleston • Colony Named for: from Carolus, the

Latin word for "Charles," Charles I of England

• Became a State: May 23, 1788

Georgia• Founded: 1732 by James Oglethorpe and

others • Major Industry: Agriculture (indigo, rice,

sugar) • Major Cities: Savannah • Colony Named for: England's King

George II • Became a State: January 2, 1788

Reasons why the colonies began

• God – Religious Freedoms• The Puritans and the Pilgrims fled

from England to the colonies• Glory – Wanted the fame of

starting a new country• Gold – People could make lots of

money in the colonies especially on plantations

The Development of Democratic Ideas

Magna Carta-1215

• 1st document to limit power of English rulers– Kings and queens must

obey the law too!

• Major step toward constitutional government

• Where? - England

Colonial Government – 1600s

• The governor of colony represented King

• Colonists voted for members of a legislature (assembly)

•DISCUSS: In colonial government, assemblies controlled the salary of

the governor. How is this an examples of

Montisqieu’s separation of power?

Virginia House of Burgesses-1619

• 1st representative assembly in America

• Beginning of representative government

• Where? South

Mayflower Compact - 1620

• 1st document to establish self-government, popular sovereignty and rule of law in the colonies

• Where? New England

New England Town Meetings - 1629

• Meeting for townspeople to express themselves openly

• Helped further direct democracy as self-government in the colonies

• One vote/one person• Where? New England

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut- 1639

• 1st written constitution in the American colonies

• Began a pattern of the colonists securing guaranteed rights.

• constitution = a written plan for government• Where? New England

Maryland Toleration Act - 1649

• 1st document to recogonize religious freedom in the colonies

• model for the 1st Amendment of the Constitution

• Where? Southern

Bacon’s Rebellion (1676)

• Governor William Berkeley agreed to keep settlers from taking Native American land.

• Nathaniel Bacon disagreed strongly and led attacks on colonial government

• Rebellion against an oppressive government• Where? South

English Bill of Rights (1689)

• List of rights for the English citizens• Where? England

• Discuss• Today where can US citizens look to find rights

that are given?

Peter Zenger Trial - 1734

• First case to protect the idea of freedom of the press in the colonies

• Where? Middle

ENLIGHTENMENT THINKERS

Enlightenment Thinkers Ideas

•They argued that the laws of nature also applied to human life and society.

John Locke (England)

Viewpoints• All humans have “natural rights”

– Life– Liberty– Property

• In order to have their “natural rights” protected, humans give up certain freedoms to Government

• If gov’t does NOT protect your Rights, citizens can OVERTHROW it!!!

DISCUSS: When you go through airport security, what freedoms might you give up?

Which one of your “natural rights” is the government protecting?

Baron de Montesquieu (France)

Viewpoints• Believed too much power

in one place is dangerous for others

• Introduced “Separation of Powers” between branches of government

• Ex: England’s Government– King-enforced laws– Parliament-made laws– Judges-interpreted laws

DISCUSS: What might happen if Police Officers were the ones who determined the people they arrested guilty instead of judges or juries?

Jean Jacques Rousseau (France)

Viewpoints• Humans will destroy

themselves if they don’t give up some freedoms

• Humans create a “social contract” with government to protect themselves

Discuss: How are speed limits examples of the social contract?

Voltaire (France & England)

Viewpoints• Believed in Civil

Liberties–Trial by Jury of peers–Freedom of Religion–Freedom of Speech

DISCUSS: Voltaire once said: “I may not agree with what you say, but I will defend to the death your RIGHT to say it.”

What do you think he meant by that?