13-1. 13-2 McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,All Rights Reserved. 參...
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Transcript of 13-1. 13-2 McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,All Rights Reserved. 參...
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13-1
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McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,All Rights Reserved.
參實驗法
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第十三章實驗法
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實驗法的變數
• 獨立變數
• 依變數
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實驗法的優點
• 研究者可以操控獨立變數• 能有效控制外界變數所造成的干擾• 優利性• 可複製性• 降低研究人員的干擾
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實驗法的缺點
• 人為操控• 較無法一般化• 實際應用的成本很高• 過去變數的解釋或預測較難處理• 可能違反道德原則
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進行實驗的程序
• 選擇相關的變數• 確認處理的層級• 控制實驗的環境• 選定適合的實驗設計• 挑選並指派受試者• 預試、修定、再測試• 分析資料
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指派受試者
• 隨機分派• 配對化分派
– Quota matrix
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實驗設計如何肯定其正確性 ?
• 內部效度
• 外部效度
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內部效度的種類
• 歷史• 成熟• 試驗• 衡量工具
• 選擇• 統計資料的迴歸現象
• 實驗的死亡率
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影響外部效度的因素
• 對實驗變數的反應• 受測者的挑選和實驗變數的互動作用• 其他的偏差效果
–人為設定的實驗–受試者知道他正在參加一項實驗
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實驗設計
• 預實驗
• 真實驗
• 現場實驗
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預實驗設計
• 一次個案研究
• 單組前後測設計
• 靜態組間比較
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真實驗設計
• 前後測加控制組設計
• 事後測加控制組設計
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真實驗設計的延伸
• 完全隨機設計• 隨機化區間設計• 拉丁方格設計• 因子設計• 共變數分析
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現場實驗 : 類實驗設計或半實驗設計
• 不相等控制組設計
• 不同樣本前後測設計
• 時間序列設計