12/15/15 CURRICULUM VITAE - American Law Society · 2003-2007 Member, National Advisory...

12/15/15

CURRICULUM VITAE Name: Peter S. Spencer, Ph.D., FANA, FRCPath. Place of Birth: London, U.K. Citizenship: U.S. Degrees: 1971 Ph.D. University of London Faculty of Medicine (Pathology) 1968 B.Sc. (Hon) University of London Faculty of Science (Zoology, Physiology & Biochemistry) Specialization: Toxicology – Neurotoxicology. Environmental Neurology. Neuroscience. Global Health. Academic and other Appointments (active appointments in boldface)

10/2009-13 Founding Director, Global Health Center at Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU) 2007-9/09 Interim Director, Global Health Center at OHSU 2001-08 Principal Investigator, NIEHS Toxicogenomics Research Center at OHSU 2000-07 Principal Investigator, NIEHS Superfund Basic Research Center at OHSU

1993- Adjunct Professor, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University 1989- Faculty, Neuroscience Graduate Program at OHSU 1988- Senior Scientist, Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences (formerly CROET) at OHSU 1988-9/09 Founding Director, Center for Research on Occupational and Environmental Toxicology (CROET) at OHSU 1988- Tenured Professor of Neurology, School of Medicine at OHSU 1995-99 Visiting Professor of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine 1994-99 Scientific Director, Portland Environmental Hazards Research Center, US Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland Oregon 1986-88 Professor with Tenure, Albert Einstein College of Medicine 1986-88 Professor of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine 1986-88 Professor of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine 1983-88 Professor of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine 1981-86 Associate Professor of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine 1979-88 Director, Institute of Neurotoxicology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine 1977-83 Associate Professor of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine 1974-77 Assistant Professor of Pathology and Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine 1973-81 Instructor and Assistant Professor in Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine 1971-73 Postdoctoral Fellow in Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 1970-71 Research Fellow, The Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, University of London

1968-70 Research Assistant, National Hospital for Nervous Diseases, University of London, London, UK

P.S. Spencer

Awards and Honors 2013 Honorary Professor of Neuroscience, Gulu University, Republic of Uganda 2013 Keynote Lecturer, Jacob Hooisma, International Neurotoxicology Association, The Netherlands 2012 Keynote Lecturer, International Congress on Neurology and Epidemiology, Nice, France 2010 Keynote Lecturer, Annual Meeting, Society of Toxicologic Pathology and International

Federation of Societies of Toxicologic Pathologists, Chicago 2006 2005

Honorary Professor, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, P.R. China Honorary Professor, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China

2005 Alice B. Hamilton Lecturer, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine 2005 Honorary Member, Indian Academy of Neurosciences, India 2004-05 President, Pacific Northwest Society of Toxicology 2004 Honorary Professor, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P. R. China 2004 George H. Germann Memorial Lecturer, American College of Occupational and Environmental

Medicine, San Antonio 2004 Advisory Professor, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P.R. China 2003 Sitlington Lecturer in Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University 2003 Privileged Professor, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China

(http://www.fudan.edu.cn/englishnew/faculty/privilegedpro.html) 2003 Distinguished Service Award, African Society of Toxicological Sciences 2003 Sibte Hasan Zaidi Oration, Lucknow, India 2002 Distinguished Scientist Award in Neurotoxicology, Society of Toxicology 2002 1998 Alzheimer’s Association Brumback Research Award (outstanding achievement in research) 1997 Snider Foundation Award, Arkansas (for contributions in toxicology) 1994 Director's Research Award, Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center (local) 1993 Silvio O. Conte Award for Environmental Health Science (national) 1993- Fellow, Royal College of Pathologists, London, UK 1990 Fellow, Conte Environmental Health Institute (Berkshire Health Systems) 1990 Membership (by competition), American Neurological Association 1990 Alzheimer's Association Senior Travel Award 1990 Grass Traveling Neuroscience Lectureship Award 1990 Ellerman Lecturer, Swiss Association of Neuropathology 1988 Kugelberg Lecturer, University of Stockholm 1988 Hänninen Lecturer, Pan American Health Organization 1987 Honorary Professor, Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China (later renamed

Chinese Center for Disease and Prevention, Beijing, China) 1987 Tarbox Distinguished Neuroscience Lecturer, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 1987 Sterling Visiting Professor, Albany Medical College, New York 1986 Ellerman Lecturer, University of Bern, Switzerland 1985 Honorary Member, Pan-American Neuroepidemiology Foundation 1982- Honorary Member of the Faculty, University of Santander, Colombia 1981-93 Membership (by submission of research), Royal College of Pathologists, London, UK 1976 Co-recipient, Moore Award, American Association of Neuropathologists 1975 Recipient, Weil Award, American Association of Neuropathologists 1975 Co-recipient of President's Prize, Canadian Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons 1974-76 Joseph P. Kennedy, Jr., (National) Fellow in the Neurosciences 1972-74 Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Training Award, National Institutes of Health, Washington, D.C. Symposium to Recognize Lifetime Research Contributions of P.S. Spencer The 1997 Arkansas Toxicology Symposium on Neurodegenerative Disease: Chemicals, Drugs, and Diet, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences in collaboration with the US Food and Drug Administration National Center for Toxicology Research. Television Documentaries Featuring Research of P.S. Spencer The Island of the Colour Blind, internationally aired television documentary and accompanying text by Oliver Sacks, 1996.

P.S. Spencer

The Poison That Waits, internationally aired television documentary, British Broadcasting Corporation, 1988. http://vimeo.com/1621281 The Illness and the Odyssey, international aired television documentary, Berry Minott Productions, 2013. http://www.illnessandodyssey.com/ Encomium for P.S. Spencer Bolon, B. Perspectives on Past Practices and Future Trends in Toxicologic Neuropathology: Notes from a Keynote Address by Dr. Peter S. Spencer. Toxicologic Pathology 39:15-18, 2011. Other International Recognition Anon. Global Health in Changing Environments. International Innovation: Disseminating Science, Research and Technology (Healthcare) 10: 58-61, 2011. Anon. Brain Degeneration, Cancer Connections. International Innovation: Global Health, July, 2014. National and International Professional Activities 2015-2017 Member, International Outreach Committee, American Neurological Association 2012-2016 2009-2010

Member, Advisory Board, Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine Member, Board on the Health of Select Populations, Institute of Medicine, National Academies

2006 Consultant to Director, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) 2006 Member, International Brain Research Organization (IBRO), Society for Neuroscience 2005-2009 Advisory Committee, Medical Follow-Up Agency, Institute of Medicine, National Academies 2004 Chair, Steering Committee, NIEHS-sponsored Toxicogenomics Research Consortium. 2004-2006 Member, Committee on Emerging Issues and Data on Environmental Contaminants, Board of

Environmental Studies and Toxicology, National Research Council, Division on Earth and Life Sciences 2004 Member, Editorial Board, Neurotoxicity Research 2004 Member, Editorial Board, Toxicology and Environmental Health 2003-2007 Member, National Advisory Environmental Health Science Council 2003-2004 NAS, Subcommittee on Toxicologic Assessment of Low-Level Exposures to Chemical Warfare Agents 2002-2007 NAS, IOM, Advisory Panel for the Study of Long-term Health Effects of Participation in Project SHAD

(Shipboard Hazard and Defense) 2002 Member, Editorial Board, Environmental Health Perspectives: Toxicogenomics 2002 WHO/FAO Joint Consultation on the Health Implications of Acrylamide in Food 2002 Member, Toxicogenomics Research Consortium, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences 2002 WHO International Conference on Environmental Threats to the Health of Children: Hazards and

Vulnerability 2002 WHO Mission to Sudan: Investigation of Nodding Disease in Children 2001 University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center for Neuroscience, External Advisory Committee 2001 U.S. EPA, NHEERL, Neurotoxicology Division. External Review Committee. 2000 2000 2000 2000 1999

American Institute of Biological Sciences/Neurotoxin Exposure Treatment Research Program Panel US Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center Consultation Committee on Avian Vacuolar Myelinopathy Member, Children's Health Protection Advisory Committee, Science and Research Work Group, US Environmental Protection Agency U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Conference on Harmful Algal Blooms U.S. Special Oversight Board on Gulf War Unexplained Illnesses. U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs: ALS Planning Committee

1999 Advisor, African Society for Toxicological Sciences 1998- Member, Expert Panel Advising Arkansas Department of Health on Department of Defense Program on

Chemical Demilitarization at Pine Bluff Arsenal 1998-2001 Member, Editorial Board, Muscle and Nerve 1997 Member, Subcommittee on Chronic Reference Doses for Selected Chemical Warfare Agents,

Committee on Toxicology, U.S. National Research Council 1997 Co-Organizer, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and The Persian Gulf Veterans Coordinating Board

Satellite Symposium on Toxic Effects of Low-Level Exposures to Anticholinesterase Agents 1996 NIH, NINDS Training Grant and Career Development Committee

P.S. Spencer

1995 Member, US Food and Drug Administration Senior Biomedical Research Service Credentials Committee 1993 Member, Pan American Health Organization team studying Epidemic Neuropathy in Cuba 1993 Member, Cassava Biotechnology Network 1993 Program Organizer, Environmental Neurology (1 of 5 main themes), World Congress of Neurology 1992 Member, US Environmental Protection Agency Science Advisory Panel on Anticholinesterases 1992 Contributing Editor, American Journal of Industrial Medicine 1992 Member, National Research Council, Neurotoxicology Risk Assessment Advisory Panel 1992-96 Member, Science Advisory Board and Chair, Neurotoxicology Program Review Sub-committee, National

Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration 1991 Advisor, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Thailand 1991 Co-chair, International Advisory Board, 2nd Congress of Toxicology for Developing Countries 1991 Member, Advisory Board, International Journal of Toxicology, Occupational and Environmental Health 1991-2001 Member, Editorial Board, Natural Toxins 1991 Member, Editorial Board, Experimental Neurology, Neurodegeneration 1991 Conference Program Chair, Nutrition Without Toxicity, Bangladesh 1991-92 Section Editor, Year Book of Neurology and Neurosurgery & Key - Neurology and Neurosurgery 1991 Vice-Chair, International Advisory Committee, Society of Toxicology for Developing Countries 1990- Member, Advisory Committee, US National Institute on Aging Marianas Dementia Research Grant (L.

Kurland, P.I.) 1990 Member, Commission on Toxicology in Developing Countries, International Union of Toxicology 1990 Member, National Advisory Council, National Foundation for Brain Research 1990-92 Sustaining Member, International Commission on Occupational Health 1989-90 Section Editor, Current Opinion in Neurology & Neurosurgery 1989 Consultant, Health and Welfare, Canada 1988-94 Chair, INILSEL (lathyrism eradication) International Coordinating Committee 1988-92 Chair, New Developments in Neuroscience Panel, Office of Technology Assessment, US Congress,

Washington, D.C. 1988 Member, Editorial Board, Food and Chemical Toxicology 1988- Member, Editorial Board/Advisory Editor (from 1996), Environmental Research 1988-90 Member, Parkinson's Epidemiology Research Committee, San Jose, California 1988 Member, Committee on Neurotoxicology and Risk Assessment, US National Academy of Sciences 1987-95 Member, Editorial Board, Acta Neuropathologica 1987-95 Chairman, Board of Trustees, Third World Medical Research Foundation (UK) 1987 Member, Program Advisory Panel, US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health 1986-87 Member, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, National Research Council 1986 Member, Committee on Chemical Toxicity and Aging, US National Academy of Sciences 1985-91 Member, Editorial Board, Synapse 1985 Member, Advisory Board, Peripheral Nerve Repair and Regeneration 1985- Member, Board of Directors, Third World Medical Research Foundation (US) 1985 Member, Safe Drinking Water Committee, US National Academy of Sciences 1984-85 Member, Board on Toxicology & Environmental Health Hazards, National Research Council 1984 Member, Editorial Board, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 1984-85 President, Society of Toxicology, Specialty Section in Neurotoxicology 1984 Member, Advisory Board, Rutgers University Toxicology Program 1983-84 Consultant, Science Advisory Board, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. 1982-83 Consultant, World Health Organization, Geneva 1982-83 Consultant, Pan-American Health Organization, Washington, D.C. 1982 Associate Editor, Human Neuropathology 1978-80 Chairman of Advisory Board, Neurotoxicology 1977-84 Member, Committee on Toxicology, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., Chair, Panel on

Anticholinesterase Chemicals 1977-82 Associate Editor, Journal of Neurocytology 1978-85 Organizing Committee Member, International Peripheral Nerve Study Group 1977-79 Consultant, Office of Toxic Substances, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. 1976-77, 88 Consultant, US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Washington, D.C.

P.S. Spencer

Local and Regional Professional Activities 2010 Founder and President, GlobalOregon™ - statewide membership organization of academe, business, government and non-governmental organizations to promote development and health at home and abroad 2009 Member, Oregon Board of International Health 2006-07 Member, Board of Advisors, Air Advice, Portland, Oregon 2006 Member, Advisory Committee, Oregon Brain Institute 2006 Member, Global Health Steering Committee 2005 Program Organizer, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Toxicogenomics Research

Consortium Biannual Conference, The Welches, Oregon. 2004 Program Organizer, Toxicology in Third World Settings, Pacific Northwest Association of Toxicologists,

Bend Oregon 2000 Chair, Air Toxics Advisory Committee, Department of Environmental Quality, State of Oregon. 1998 Member, Expert Panel, Occupational Risk for Cancer among Firefighters, Center for Research on Occupational

and Environmental Toxicology, Oregon Health Sciences University 1994 Member, Scientific Advisory Committee, Research on Chemically Related Illnesses, State of Washington Department of Labor and Industries 1992-93 Chair, Oregon Regional Primate Research Center, Director Search Committee 1992 Member, Chair Search, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Oregon Health Sciences University 1991-95 Member, Advisory Board, Apprentice in Science and Engineering Program, Oregon 1991-95 Member, Department of Neurology Appointments, Promotions and Tenure Committee, Oregon Health Sciences University 1988-98 Member, President's Executive Committee, Oregon Health Sciences University 1990- Member, Neuroscience Graduate Program Executive Committee, Oregon Health Sciences University Professional Society Memberships African Society for Toxicological Sciences American Association of Neuropathologists American Public Health Association American Society for Cell Biology American Association for the Advancement of Science American Neurological Association Physicians for Social Responsibility Royal College of Pathologists Society for Neuroscience Society of Neuroscientists of Africa Society of Toxicology and the Specialty Section on Neurotoxicology Sunderland Society World Federation of Neurology

COMMUNITY SERVICE

2011- Advisor, Physicians for Social Responsibility (Oregon Chapter) 2011- Member, International Service Committee, Portland Rotary Club 1984- Board of Directors, Third World Medical Research Foundation, USA (1984-) and UK (1986-).

TEACHING EXPERIENCE

Teaching experience (1975-2014)

P.S. Spencer

Thirty-nine years of local, national and international teaching in neuroscience, neurology, toxicology and global health at a large number of academic institutions, including several Chinese universities. Teaching directed to students in the health professions, graduate students and health professionals. Current teaching Global Health in Changing Environments (2-credit elective). Course creator, principal teacher and director. Nine-week class offered to all health professions students at Oregon Health & Science University. Course examines the forces that shape the health of populations around the world. Professionals Training in Global Health (71.25 American Medical Association Category 1 credits). Course lecturer. Bi-weekly, one-semester class for late-career medical and nursing professionals to equip them for international service. Interdisciplinary Community Health and Education Exchange. (2 credit elective) Course lecturer. Dental, medical, nursing and pharmacy students exchange health-related information with refugees, recent immigrants and homeless. Global Health Epidemiology (3 credits). Course lecturer. Offered to all MPH students during the Winter Quarter. Direct Tutelage Dr. Spencer individually and continuously trained the following pre-doctoral students and post-doctoral fellows. Post-Doctoral Fellows: E. Herrero Hernandez, M.D., Ph.D 2/2007-10 S. Trimpin, Ph.D. 4/2005-06 D. Tshala-Katumbay, M.D., Ph.D. 2002-05 M.S. Kim, Ph.D. 2002-04 G. Kisby, Ph.D. 1987-88 A. Moretto, M.D. 1985-87 F. Puentes-Centeno, M.D. 1985 A. Ludolph, M.D. 1984-86 J. Hugon, M.D. 1984-86 A. Soiefer, Ph.D. 1983-86 M. Miller, Ph.D. 1982-84 F. Souryi, Ph.D. 1982-83 B. Schwab, Ph.D. 1981-83 C. Beaubernard, Ph.D. 1981-82 S. Ross, Ph.D. 1981-84 J. Zagoren, Ph.D. 1981-84 M. Politis, Ph.D. 1978-80 A. Sterman, M.D. 1977-80 E.-S. Cho, M.D. 1976-78 V. Brevart, Ph.D. 1976-78 C. DeBaecque, M.D. 1974-76 Pre-Doctoral Students: Brian Garvey 2011-2014 Raj Mazumder 2010-2014 M.S. Kim, Ph.D. 1997-2002 J. Tor-Agbidye, D.V.M., M.S., Ph.D. 1993-98 P. Butterfield, R.N., M.S., Ph.D. 1989-92 A.L. Oaklander, M.D., Ph.D. 1982-87 R.G. Pellegrino, M.D., Ph.D. 1978-84 B. Veronesi, Ph.D. 1977-80 E.L. Weinberg, M.D., Ph.D. 1977-79

P.S. Spencer

V. Zabrenetzky, Ph.D. 1976-79 H. Weinberg, M.D., Ph.D. 1972-78

ADMINISTRATION 1. Founded and directed the Institute of Neurotoxicology, a center-without-walls at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York City (1979-1988). 2. Founded, built, directed and administered the Center for Research on Occupational & Environmental Toxicology (1988-2009), a semi-autonomous basic and applied research institute of the Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU). Dean-equivalent post serving as Member of OHSU President’s Executive Committee. 3. Administered and served as Scientific Director and co-Principal Director, the Portland Environmental Hazards Research Center, a joint venture of the OHSU and US Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland Oregon. 4. Competed for and won, administered and directed as Principal Investigator, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Toxicogenomics Research Center at OHSU (2001-2008), an inter-departmental and inter-institutional basic research center in collaboration with University of Washington, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. 5. Competed for and won, administered and directed as Principal Investigator, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Superfund Basic Research Center at OHSU, a basic and applied inter-departmental and inter-institutional basic research center in collaboration with Oregon State University and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy. 6. Founding Director of the OHSU Global Health Center (2007-13), a university-wide facility designed to advance global health in research, education, service and advocacy across and beyond the institution. Reports directly to the Office of the Provost.

RESEARCH AND EDUCATION GRANT AWARDS

Research has been supported for approximately 40 years by the U.S. National Institutes of Health; National Science Foundation; Center for Disease Control & Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health: U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs; and a number of private organizations. Active Grants PI. 1R01 NS079276-01. 4/2012-15. Environmental Triggers of Eating Seizures in Nodding Syndrome (Uganda). Ist year total direct costs: $200,000.

Recently Completed Grants PI. NIH Fogarty Framework Award. 2008-12. Global Health in Changing Environments. Development of international global health research and education programs. PI. NIEHS Toxicogenomics Research Center at OHSU. 2001-08. Neurotoxicogenomics and Child Health. Directed four-part research program of one of six Cooperative Research Members (MIT, Fred Hutchinson CRC; Univ. Washington; Univ. North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Duke Univ., and NIEHS Microarray Group. Developed gold-standard practices for neurotranscriptomics and researched gene expression responses to selected xeonbiotics with hepatotoxic and neurotoxic properties. PI. NIEHS Superfund Basic Research Center at OHSU. 2000-07. Directed joint research program between OHSU, Oregon State University, and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory exploring neurotoxic mechanisms of selected aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon chemicals, and examining the toxicogenomic/proteomic responses to these agents.

P.S. Spencer

RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS Original Communications in Reviewed Journals 1. Spencer, P.S. and Thomas, P.K. The examination of isolated nerve fibres by light and electron microscopy, with

observations on demyelination proximal to neuromas. Acta Neuropathologica 16:177-186, 1970. 2. Spencer, P.S. and Lieberman, A.R. Scanning electron microscopy of isolated peripheral nerve fibres. Normal

surface structure and alterations proximal to neuromas. Zeitschrift fur Zellforschung and Mikroskopische Anatomie 119:534-551, 1971.

3. Spencer, P.S. Reappraisal of the model for "bulk axoplasmic flow." Nature New Biology 240:283-285, 1972. 4. Spencer, P.S., Peterson, E.R., Madrid A., R. and Raine, C.S. Effects of thallium salts on neuronal mitochondria in

organotypic cord-ganglia-muscle combination cultures. The Journal of Cell Biology 58:79-95, 1973. 5. Spencer, P.S., Raine, C.S. and Wisniewski, H. Axon diameter and myelin thickness - unusual relationships in dorsal

root ganglia. The Anatomical Record 176:225-244, 1973. 6. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H. An ultrastructural study of the inner core of the Pacinian corpuscle. Journal of

Neurocytology 2:217-235, 1973. 7. Schaumburg, H.H., Wisniewski, H.M. and Spencer, P.S. Ultrastructural studies of the dying-back process. I.

Peripheral nerve terminal and axon degeneration in systemic acrylamide intoxication. Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology 33:260-284, 1974.

8. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H. A review of acrylamide neurotoxicity. I. Properties, uses and human exposure.

Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences 1:143-150, 1974. 9. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H. A review of acrylamide neurotoxicity. II. Experimental animal neurotoxicity

and pathologic mechanisms. Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences 1:152-169, 1974. 10. Spencer, P.S. and Thomas, P.K. Ultrastructural studies of the dying-back process. II. The sequestration and removal

by Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes of organelles from normal and diseased axons. Journal of Neurocytology 3:763-783, 1974.

11. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H. Experimental neuropathy produced by 2,5-hexanedione - A major metabolite

of the neurotoxic industrial solvent methyl n-butyl ketone. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 38:771-775, 1975.

12. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H. Nervous system degeneration produced by acrylamide monomer.

Environmental Health Perspectives 11:129-133, 1975. 13. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H. Nervous system dying-back disease produced by 2,5-hexanedione.

Transactions of the American Neurological Association 100:148-151, 1975. 14. Spencer, P.S., Schaumburg, H.H., Raleigh, R.L. and Terhaar, C.J. Nervous system degeneration produced by the

industrial solvent methyl-n-butyl ketone. Archives of Neurology 32:219-222, 1975. 15. Spencer, P.S., Weinberg, H.J., Raine, C.S. and Prineas, J.W. The perineurial window - a new model of focal

demyelination and remyelination. Brain Research 96:323-329, 1975. 16. Weinberg, H.J. and Spencer, P.S. Studies on the control of myelinogenesis. I. Myelination of regenerating axons

after entry into a foreign unmyelinated nerve. Journal of Neurocytology 4:395-418, 1975. 17. Weinberg, H.J., Spencer, P.S. and Raine, C.S. Aberrant PNS development in dystrophic mice. Brain Research

88:532-537, 1975.

P.S. Spencer

18. DeBaecque, C., Raine, C.S. and Spencer, P.S. Copper binding at PNS nodes of Ranvier during demyelination and

remyelination in the perineurial window. Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology 2:459-470, 1976. 19. Schaumburg, H.H. and Spencer, P.S. Central and peripheral nervous system degeneration produced by pure n-

hexane. Transactions of the American Neurological Association 101:1-4, 1976. 20. Schaumburg, H.H. and Spencer, P.S. Degeneration in central and peripheral nervous systems produced by pure n-

hexane: An experimental study. Brain 99:183-192, 1976. 21. Schaumburg, H.H. and Spencer, P.S. The neurology and neuropathology of the occupational neuropathies. Journal

of Occupational Medicine 18:739-742, 1976. 22. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H. Feline nervous system response to chronic intoxication with commercial grades

of methyl n-butyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone and methyl ethyl ketone. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 37:301-311, 1976.

23. Weinberg, H.J. and Spencer, P.S. Studies on the control of myelinogenesis. II. Evidence for neuronal regulation of

myelin production. Brain Research 113:363-378, 1976. 24. Schaumburg, H.H., Powers, J.M., Raine, C.S., Spencer, P.S., Griffin, J.W., Prineas, J.W. and Boehme, D.M.

Adrenomyeloneuropathy: A probable variant of adrenoleukodystrophy. II. General pathologic, neuropathologic and biochemical aspects. Neurology 27:1114-1119, 1977.

25. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H. Ultrastructural studies of the dying-back process. III. The evolution of

experimental peripheral giant axonal degeneration. Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology 36:276-299, 1977.

26. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H. Ultrastructural studies of the dying-back process. IV. Differential vulnerability

of PNS and CNS fibers in experimental central-peripheral distal axonopathies. Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology 36:300-320, 1977.

27. Schaumburg, H.H. and Spencer, P.S. Environmental hydrocarbons produce degeneration in cat hypothalamus and

optic tract. Science 199:199-200, 1978. 28. Spencer, P.S., Bischoff, M.C. and Schaumburg, H.H. On the specific molecular configuration of neurotoxic aliphatic

hexacarbon compounds causing central-peripheral distal axonopathy. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 44:17-28, 1978.

29. Weinberg, H.J. and Spencer, P.S. The fate of Schwann cells isolated from axonal contact. Journal of Neurocytology

7:555-569, 1978. 30. Krinke, G., Schaumburg, H.H., Spencer, P.S., Thomann, P. and Hess, R. Clioquinol and 2,5-hexanedione induce

different types of distal axonopathy in the dog. Acta Neuropathologica 47:213-221, 1979. 31. Sabri, M.I., Ederle, K., Holdsworth, C.E. and Spencer, P.S. Studies on the biochemical basis of distal axonopathies.

II. Specific inhibition of fructose-6-phosphate kinase by 2,5-hexanedione and methyl-butyl ketone. Neurotoxicology 1:285-297, 1979.

32. Sabri, M.I., Moore, C.L. and Spencer, P.S. Studies on the biochemical basis of distal axonopathies - I. Inhibition of

glycolysis by neurotoxic hexacarbon compounds. Journal of Neurochemistry 32:683-689, 1979. 33. Spencer, P.S. Modifications de la fibre nerveuse dans une fenêtre périneurale. Monographies du Groupe d'Étude de

la Main: Lés Lesions Traumatiques Des Nerfs Périphériques, 2nd Ed., pp 35-38, 1979. 34. Spencer, P.S., Sabri, M.I., Schaumburg, H.H. and Moore, C.L. Does a defect of energy metabolism in the nerve fiber

underlie axonal degeneration in polyneuropathies? Annals of Neurology 5:501-507, 1979.

P.S. Spencer

35. Spencer, P.S., Sterman, A.B., Bischoff, M., Horoupian, D. and Foster, G.V. Experimental myelin disease and ceroid

accumulation produced by the fragrance compound acetyl ethyl tetramethyl tetralin. Transactions of the American Neurological Association 103:1-3, 1979.

36. Spencer, P.S., Sterman, A.B., Horoupian, D., Bischoff, M. and Foster, G. Neurotoxic changes in rats exposed to the

fragrance compound acetyl ethyl tetramethyl tetralin. Neurotoxicology 1:221-237, 1979. 37. Spencer, P.S., Sterman, A.B., Horoupian, D.S. and Foulds, M.M. Neurotoxic fragrance produces ceroid and myelin

disease. Science 204:633-635, 1979. 38. Spencer, P.S., Weinberg, H.J., Krygier-Brevart, V. and Zabrenetzky, V. An in vivo method to prepare normal

Schwann cells free of axons and myelin. Brain Research 165:119-126, 1979. 39. Tilson, H.A., Cabe, P.A. and Spencer, P.S. Acrylamide neurotoxicity in rats: A correlated neurobehavioral and

pathological study. Neurotoxicology 1:89-104, 1979. 40. Weinberg, E.L. and Spencer, P.S. Studies on the control of myelinogenesis. 3. Signalling of oligodendrocyte

myelination by regenerating peripheral axons. Brain Research 162:273-279, 1979. 41. Arezzo, J.C., Schaumburg, H.H., Spencer, P.S. and Vaughan, H. G., Jr. A novel approach for the detection of toxic

axonal neuropathy: The brainstem somatosensory evoked potential. Annals of Neurology 8:96-98, 1980. 42. Cho, E.S., Spencer, P.S., Jortner, B.S. and Schaumburg, H.H. A single intravenous injection of doxorubicin

(Adriamycin®) induces sensory neuronopathy in rats. Neurotoxicology 1:583-591, 1980. 43. Egan, G., Spencer, P., Schaumburg, H., Murray, K.J., Bischoff, M. and Scala, R. n-Hexane-"free" hexane mixture

fails to produce nervous system damage. Neurotoxicology 1:515-524, 1980. 44. Krinke, G., Schaumburg, H.H., Spencer, P.S., Suter, J., Thomann, P. and Hess, R. Pyridoxine megavitaminosis

produces degeneration of peripheral sensory neurons (sensory neuronopathy) in the dog. Neurotoxicology 2:13-24, 1980.

45. Politis, M.J., Pellegrino, R.G., and Spencer, P.S. Ultrastructural studies of the dying-back process. V. Axonal

neurofilaments accumulate at sites of 2,5-hexanedione application: Evidence for nerve fibre dysfunction in experimental hexacarbon neuropathy. Journal of Neurocytology 9:505-516, 1980.

46. Zlatkis, A., Poole, C.F., Brazell, R., Bafus, D.A. and Spencer, P.S. Volatile metabolites in sera of normal and

diabetic patients. Journal of Chromatography (Biomedical Applications) 182:137-145, 1980. 47. Grover-Johnson, N. and Spencer, P.S. Peripheral nerve abnormalities in aging rats. Journal of Neuropathology and

Experimental Neurology 40:155-165, 1981. 48. Politis, M.J. and Spencer, P.S. A method to separate spatially the temporal sequence of axon-Schwann cell

interaction during nerve regeneration. Journal of Neurocytology 10:221-232, 1981. 49. Poole, C.F., Sye, W.-F., Zlatkis, A. and Spencer, P.S. Determination of acrylamide in nerve tissue homogenates by

electron-capture gas chromatography. Journal of Chromatography 217:239-245, 1981. 50. Sterman, A.B. and Spencer, P.S. The pathogenesis of primary internodal demyelination produced by acetyl ethyl

tetramethyl tetralin: Evidence for preserved Schwann cell somal function. Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology 40:112-122, 1981.

51. Altenkirch, H., Wagner, H.M., Stoltenburg, G. and Spencer, P.S. Nervous system responses of rats to subchronic

inhalation of n-hexane and n-hexane + methyl-ethyl-ketone mixtures. Journal of the Neurological Sciences 57:209-219, 1982.

P.S. Spencer

52. Arezzo, J.C., Schaumburg, H.H., Vaughan, H.G., Jr., Spencer, P.S. and Barna, J.S. Hindlimb somatosensory evoked potentials in the monkey: The effects of distal axonopathy. Annals of Neurology 12:24-32, 1982.

53. Beaubernard, C., Spencer, P.S., Koppel, C. and Altenkirch, H. "Spanish oil" not neurotoxic in rats. The Lancet

2:1278, 1982. 54. Politis, M.J., Ederle, K. and Spencer, P.S. Tropism in nerve regeneration in vivo. Attraction of regenerating axons

by diffusible factors derived from cells in distal nerve stumps of transected peripheral nerves. Brain Research 253:1-12, 1982.

55. Politis, M.J., Sternberger, N., Ederle, K. and Spencer, P.S. Studies on the control of myelinogenesis: IV. Neuronal

induction of Schwann cell myelin-specific protein synthesis during nerve fiber regeneration. The Journal of Neuroscience 2:1252-1266, 1982.

56. Politis, M.J. and Spencer, P.S. An in vivo assay of neurotropic activity. Brain Research 278:229-231, 1983. 57. Ross, S.M., Sabri, M.I. and Spencer, P.S. Isolation and partial characterization of plasmalemma from quiescent

Schwann cells in denervated cat sciatic nerve. Journal of Neurochemistry 41:222-229, 1983. 58. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H. Lathyrism: A neurotoxic disease. Neurobehavioral Toxicology and Teratology

5:625-629, 1983. 59. Veronesi, B., Peterson, E.R., Bornstein, M.B. and Spencer, P.S. Ultrastructural studies of the dying-back process.

VI. Examination of nerve fibers undergoing giant axonal degeneration in organotypic culture. Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology 42:153-165, 1983.

60. Zagoren, J.C., Politis, M.J. and Spencer, P.S. Rapid reorganization of the axonal cytoskeleton induced by a gamma

diketone. Brain Research 270:162-164, 1983. 61. Miller, M.S. and Spencer, P.S. Single doses of acrylamide reduce retrograde transport velocity. Journal of

Neurochemistry 43:1401-1408, 1984. 62. Pellegrino, R.G., Spencer, P.S. and Ritchie, J.M. Sodium channels in the axolemma of unmyelinated axons: A new

estimate. Brain Research 305:357-360, 1984. 63. Schwab, B.W., Arezzo, J.C., Paldino, A.M., Flohe, L., Matthiessen, T. and Spencer, P.S. Rabbit sural nerve

responses to chronic treatment with thalidomide and supidimide. Muscle and Nerve 7:362-368, 1984. 64. Spencer, P.S., Bischoff-Fenton, M.C., Moreno, O.M., Opdyke, D.L. and Ford, R.A. Neurotoxic properties of musk

ambrette. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 75:571-575, 1984. 65. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H. An expanded classification of neurotoxic responses based on cellular targets of

chemical agents. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica 70:9-19, 1984. 66. Thomas, P.K., Schaumburg, H.H., Spencer, P.S., Kaeser, H.E., Pallis, C.A., Rose, F.C. and Wadia, N.H. Central

distal axonopathy syndromes: Newly recognized models of naturally occurring human degenerative disease. Annals of Neurology 15:313-315, 1984.

67. Veronesi, B., Lington, A.W. and Spencer, P.S. A tissue culture model of methyl ethyl ketone's potentiation of n-

hexane neurotoxicity. Neurotoxicology 5:43-52, 1984. 68. Zabrenetzky, V., Krygier-Brevart, V. and Spencer, P.S. Cyclic AMP-stimulated protein kinase activity in rabbit

peripheral myelin. Neurochemical Research 9:121-132, 1984. 69. Zagoren, J.C., Seelig, M., Bornstein, M.B. and Spencer, P.S. The evolution of cellular degeneration in dorsal root

ganglia exposed to doxorubicin in tissue culture. Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology 43:384-394, 1984.

P.S. Spencer

70. Hugon, J., Ludolph, A., and Spencer, P.S. Non-invasive examination of pyramidal tract by spinal evoked potentials.

The Lancet 2:1073, 1985. 71. Pellegrino, R.G. and Spencer, P.S. Schwann cell mitosis in response to regenerating peripheral axons in vivo. Brain

Research 341:16-25, 1985. 72. Poduslo, J.F., Berg, C.T., Ross, S.M. and Spencer, P.S. Regulation of myelination: Axons not required for the

biosynthesis of basal levels of the major myelin glycoprotein by Schwann cells in denervated distal segments of the adult cat sciatic nerve. Journal of Neuroscience Research 14:177-185, 1985.

73. Román, G.C., Román, L.N., Spencer, P.S. and Schoenberg, B.S. Tropical spastic paraparesis: A

neuroepidemiological study in Colombia. Annals of Neurology 17:361-365, 1985. 74. Román, G.C., Spencer, P.S. and Schoenberg, B.S. Tropical myeloneuropathies: The hidden endemias. Neurology

35:1158-1170, 1985. 75. Ross, S.M., Roy, D.N. and Spencer, P.S. β-N-Oxalylamino-L-alanine: Action on high-affinity transport of

neurotransmitters in rat brain and spinal cord synaptosomes. Journal of Neurochemistry 44:886-892, 1985. 76. Ross, S.M., Sabri, M.I. and Spencer, P.S. Action of acrylamide on selected enzymes of energy metabolism in

denervated cat peripheral nerves. Brain Research 340:189-191, 1985. 77. Ross, S.M., Sabri, M.I. and Spencer, P.S. Biochemical studies on 5'-nucleotidase of Schwann cells in degenerated

nerve. Journal of Neurochemistry 45:324-327, 1985. 78. Ross, S.M., Sabri, M.I. and Spencer, P.S. Subcellular distribution of 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide-3'-phosphodiesterase in

cat peripheral nerve. Neurochemistry International 7:601-606, 1985. 79. Soiefer, A.I., Miller, M.S., Sabri, M.I. and Spencer, P.S. The separation and identification of enolase isozymes of

brain and sciatic nerve by high-pressure liquid anion-exchange chromatography. Brain Research 342:196-199, 1985. 80. Spencer, P.S., Beaubernard, C.M., Bischoff-Fenton, M.C. and Kurt, T.L. Clinical and experimental neurotoxicity of

2-t-butylazo-2-hydroxy-5-methylhexane. Annals of Neurology 17:28-32, 1985. 81. Schaumburg, H.H., Spencer, P.S. and Arezzo, J.C. Studies of the primate somatosensory system in experimental

acrylamide intoxication. Neurotoxicology 6:3-6, 1985. 82. Calne, D.B., Eisen, A., McGeer, E. and Spencer, P. Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and motorneurone

disease: Abiotrophic interaction between aging and environment? The Lancet 2:1067-1070, 1986. 83. Pellegrino, R.G., Politis, M.J., Ritchie, J.M. and Spencer, P.S. Events in degenerating cat peripheral nerve: Induction

of Schwann cell S phase and its relation to nerve fibre degeneration. Journal of Neurocytology 15:17-28, 1986. 84. Spencer, P.S. Chemical toxicology of the neuromuscular system. Internal Medicine (Thailand) 2:134-139, 1986. 85. Spencer, P.S., Crain, S.M., Bornstein, M.B., Peterson, E.R. and Van De Water, T. Chemical neurotoxicity: Detection

and analysis in organotypic cultures of sensory and motor systems. Food and Chemical Toxicology 24:539-544, 1986.

86. Spencer, P.S., Nunn, P.B., Hugon, J., Ludolph, A. and Roy, D.N. Motorneurone disease on Guam: Possible role of a

food neurotoxin. The Lancet 1:965, 1986. 87. Spencer, P.S., Roy, D.N., Ludolph, A., Hugon, J., Dwivedi, M.P. and Schaumburg, H.H. Lathyrism: Evidence for

role of the neuroexcitatory amino acid BOAA. The Lancet 2:1066-1067, 1986.

P.S. Spencer

88. Calne, S., Schoenberg, B., Martin, W., Uitti, R.J., Spencer, P. and Calne, D.B. Familial Parkinson's disease: Possible role of environmental factors. Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences 14:303-305, 1987.

89. Ludolph, A.C., Hugon, J., Dwivedi, M.P., Schaumburg, H.H. and Spencer, P.S. Studies on the aetiology and

pathogenesis of motor neuron diseases. 1. Lathyrism: Clinical findings in established cases. Brain 110:149-165, 1987.

90. Ludolph, A.C., Hugon, J. and Spencer, P.S. Non-invasive assessment of the pyramidal tract and motor pathway of

primates. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 67:63-67, 1987. 91. Moretto, A., Lotti, M., Sabri, M.I. and Spencer, P.S. Progressive deficit of retrograde axonal transport is associated

with the pathogenesis of di-n-butyl dichlorvos axonopathy. Journal of Neurochemistry 49:1515-1522, 1987. 92. Nunn, P.B., Seelig, M., Zagoren, J.C. and Spencer, P.S. Stereospecific acute neuronotoxicity of "uncommon" plant

amino acids linked to human motor-system diseases. Brain Research 410:375-379, 1987. 93. Oaklander, A.L., Miller, M.S. and Spencer, P.S. Early changes in degenerating mouse sciatic nerve are associated

with endothelial cells. Brain Research 419:39-45, 1987. 94. Oaklander, A.L., Miller, M.S. and Spencer, P.S. Rapid anterograde spread of premitotic activity along degenerating

cat sciatic nerve. Journal of Neurochemistry 48:111-114, 1987. 95. Román, G.C., Schoenberg, B.S., Madden, D.L., Sever, J.L., Hugon, J., Ludolph, A. and Spencer, P.S. Human T-

lymphotropic virus type I antibodies in the serum of patients with tropical spastic paraparesis in the Seychelles. Archives of Neurology 44:605-607, 1987.

96. Román, G.C., Spencer, P.S., Schoenberg, B.S., Hugon, J., Ludolph, A., Rodgers-Johnson, P., Osuntokun, B.O. and

Shamlaye, C.F. Tropical spastic paraparesis in the Seychelles Islands: A clinical and case-control neuroepidemiologic study. Neurology 37:1323-1328, 1987.

97. Román, G.C., Spencer, P.S., Schoenberg, B.S., Madden, D., Sever, J., Hugon, J. and Ludolph, A. Tropical spastic

paraparesis: HTLV-I antibodies in patients from the Seychelles. The New England Journal of Medicine 316:51, 1987.

98. Ross, S.M., Seelig, M. and Spencer, P.S. Specific antagonism of excitotoxic action of "uncommon" amino acids

assayed in organotypic mouse cortical cultures. Brain Research 425:120-127, 1987. 99. Ross, S.M. and Spencer, P.S. Specific antagonism of behavioral action of "uncommon" amino acids linked to motor-

system diseases. Synapse 1:248-253, 1987. 100. Spencer, P.S. Guam ALS/Parkinsonism-dementia: A long-latency neurotoxic disorder caused by "slow toxin(s)" in

food? Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences 14:347-357, 1987. 101. Spencer, P.S., Nunn, P.B., Hugon, J., Ludolph, A.C., Ross, S.M., Roy, D.N. and Robertson, R.C. Guam amyotrophic

lateral sclerosis-parkinsonism-dementia linked to a plant excitant neurotoxin. Science 237:517-522, 1987. 102. Spencer, P.S., Ohta, M. and Palmer, V.S. Cycad use and motor neurone disease in Kii Peninsula of Japan. The

Lancet 2:1462-1463, 1987. 103. Spencer, P.S., Palmer, V.S., Herman, A. and Asmedi, A. Cycad use and motor neurone disease in Irian Jaya. The

Lancet 2:1273-1274, 1987. 104. Hugon, J., Ludolph, A., Roy, D.N., Schaumburg, H.H. and Spencer, P.S. Studies on the etiology and pathogenesis of

motor neuron diseases. II. Clinical and electrophysiologic features of pyramidal dysfunction in macaques fed Lathyrus sativus and IDPN. Neurology 38:435-442, 1988.

P.S. Spencer

105. Kisby, G.E., Roy, D.N. and Spencer, P.S. Determination of β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) in plant (Cycas circinalis L.) and animal tissue by precolumn derivatization with 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (FMOC) and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Journal of Neuroscience Methods 26:45-54, 1988.

106. Ludolph, A.C., Hugon, J., Román, G.C., Spencer, P.S. and Schoenberg, B.S. A clinical neurophysiologic study of

tropical spastic paraparesis. Muscle and Nerve 11:392-397, 1988. 107. Oaklander, A.L. and Spencer, P.S. Cold blockade of axonal transport activates premitotic activity of Schwann cells

and Wallerian degeneration. Journal of Neurochemistry 50:490-496, 1988. 108. Soiefer, A.I., Moretto, A., Spencer, P.S. and Sabri, M.I. Axotomy-induced ornithine decarboxylase activity in the

mouse dorsal root ganglion is inhibited by the vinca alkaloids. Neurochemical Research 13:1169-1173, 1988. 109. Hugon, J., Vallat, J.M., Spencer, P.S., Leboutet, M.J. and Barthe, D. Kainic acid induces early and delayed

degenerative neuronal changes in rat spinal cord. Neuroscience Letters 104:258-262, 1989. 110. Moretto, A., Lotti, M. and Spencer, P.S. In vivo and in vitro regional differential sensitivity of neuropathy target

esterase to di-n-butyl-2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate. Archives of Toxicology 63:469-473, 1989. 111. Ross, S.M., Roy, D.N. and Spencer, P.S. β-N-Oxalylamino-L-alanine action on glutamate receptors. Journal of

Neurochemistry 53:710-715, 1989. 112. Sabri, M.I., Dairman, W., Fenton, M., Juhasz, L., Ng, T. and Spencer, P.S. Effect of exogenous pyruvate on

acrylamide neuropathy in rats. Brain Research 483:1-11, 1989. 113. Sabri, M.I., Soiefer, A.I., Kisby, G.E. and Spencer, P.S. Determination of polyamines by precolumn derivatization

with 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Journal of Neuroscience Methods 29:27-31, 1989.

114. Schaumburg, H.H., Arezzo, J.C. and Spencer, P.S. Delayed onset of distal axonal neuropathy in primates after

prolonged low-level administration of a neurotoxin. Annals of Neurology 26:576-579, 1989. 115. Lindström, H., Luthman, J., Mouton, P., Spencer, P. and Olson, L. Plant-derived neurotoxic amino acids (β-N-

oxalylamino-L-alanine and β-N-methylamino-L-alanine): Effects on central monoamine neurons. Journal of Neurochemistry 55:941-949, 1990.

116. Sabri, M.I. and Spencer, P.S. Acrylamide impairs fast and slow axonal transport in rat optic system. Neurochemical

Research 15:603-608, 1990. 117. Tekle-Haimanot, R., Kidane, Y., Wuhib, E., Kalissa, A., Alemu, T., Zein, Z.A. and Spencer, P.S. Lathyrism in rural

northwestern Ethiopia: A highly prevalent neurotoxic disorder. International Journal of Epidemiology 19:664-672, 1990.

118. Koller, W.C., Langston, J.W., Hubble, J.P., Irwin, I., Zack, M., Golbe, L., Forno, L., Ellenberg, J., Kurland, L.,

Ruttenber, A.J., Spencer, P., Tanner, C., Tetrud, J., Wilcox, T., Román, G., Mayeux, R., Smith, M. and Goetz, C. Does a long preclinical period occur in Parkinson's disease? Neurology 41 (Suppl. 2):8-13, 1991. 119. Ludolph, A.C., He, F., Spencer, P.S., Hammerstad, J. and Sabri, M. 3-Nitropropionic acid - exogenous animal

neurotoxin and possible human striatal toxin. Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences 18:492-498, 1991. 120. Spencer, P.S., Kisby, G.E. and Ludolph, A.C. Cycad exposure and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and parkinsonism-

dementia complex (ALS/P-D) in the Pacific Zone, including Japan. Neuropathology (Supplement):219-224, 1991. 121. Spencer, P.S., Kisby, G.E. and Ludolph, A.C. Long-latency neurodegenerative disease in the western Pacific.

Geriatrics 46:37-42, 1991.

P.S. Spencer

122. Spencer, P.S., Kisby, G.E. and Ludolph, A.C. Slow toxins, biologic markers, and long-latency neurodegenerative disease in the western Pacific region. Neurology 41 (Suppl. 2):62-66, 1991.

123. Kisby, G.E., Ellison, M. and Spencer, P.S. Content of the neurotoxins cycasin (methylazoxymethanol β-D-

glucoside) and BMAA (β-N-methylamino-L-alanine) in cycad flour prepared by Guam Chamorros. Neurology 42:1336-1340, 1992.

124. Kisby, G.E., Ross, S.M., Spencer, P.S., Gold, B.G. Nunn, P.B. and Roy, D.N. Cycasin and BMAA: Candidate

neurotoxins for western Pacific amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/Parkinsonism-dementia complex. Neurodegeneration 1:73-82, 1992.

125. Ludolph, A.C., Seelig, M., Ludolph, A., Novitt, P., Allen, C.A., Spencer, P.S. and Sabri, M.I. 3-Nitropropionic acid

decreases cellular energy levels and causes neuronal degeneration in cortical explants. Neurodegeneration 1:155-161, 1992.

126. Ludolph, A.C., Seelig, M., Ludolph, A.G., Sabri, M.I. and Spencer, P.S. ATP deficits and neuronal degeneration

induced by 3-nitropropionic acid. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 648:300-302, 1992. 127. Riepe, M., Hori, N., Ludolph, A.C., Carpenter, D.O., Spencer, P.S. and Allen, C.A. Inhibition of energy metabolism

by 3-nitropropionic acid activates ATP-sensitive potassium channels. Brain Research 586:61-66, 1992. 128. Spencer, P.S., Ludolph, A.C. and Kisby, G.E. Are human neurodegenerative disorders linked to environmental

chemicals with excitotoxic properties? Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 648:154-160, 1992. 129. Allen, C.N., Spencer, P.S. and Carpenter, D.O. β-N-Methylamino-L-alanine in the presence of bicarbonate is an

agonist at non-N-methyl-D-aspartate-type receptors. Neuroscience 54:567-574, 1993. 130. Butterfield, P., Spencer, P., Valanis, B., Lindeman, C. and Nutt, J. Environmental antecedents of young-onset

Parkinson's Disease. Neurology 43:1150-1158, 1993. 131. Chauhan, N.B., Sabri, M.I. and Spencer, P.S. Acrylamide-induced depletion of microtubule-associated proteins

(MAP1 and MAP2) in the rat extrapyramidal system. Brain Research 602:111-118, 1993. 132. Chauhan, N.B., Spencer, P.S. and Sabri, M.I. Effect of acrylamide on the distribution of microtubule-associated

proteins (MAP1 and MAP2) in selected regions of rat brain. Molecular and Chemical Neuropathology 18:225-245, 1993.

133. Haimanot, R.T., Kidane, Y., Wuhib, E., Kassina, A., Endeshaw, Y., Alemu, T. and Spencer, P. The epidemiology of

lathyrism in North and Central Ethiopia. Journal of Ethiopian Medicine 31:15-24, 1993. Addendum, ibid. 31 (2). 134. Hugon, J., Ludolph, A.C., Spencer, P.S., Giménez-Roldán, S. and Dumas, J.L. Studies of the etiology and

pathogenesis of motor neuron diseases. 3. Magnetic cortical stimulation in patients with lathyrism. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica 88:412-416, 1993.

135. Llanos, G., Asher, D., Brown, P., Gajdusek, D.C., Muci-Mendoza, R., Márquez, M., Román, G.C., Silva, J.C.,

Spencer, P.S. and Thylefors, B. Epidemic Neuropathy in Cuba. Epidemiology Bulletin, Pan American Health Organization 14:1-4, 1993.

136. Roy, D.N., Craig, A.M., Blythe, L.L., Kayton, R.E. and Spencer, P.S. Equine nigropallidal encephalomalacia and

Centaurea solstitialis (Yellow Star Thistle): Partial isolation and identification of neurotoxins. Neurodegeneration 2:51-61, 1993.

137. Spencer, P.S., Ludolph, A.C. and Kisby, G.E. Neurologic diseases associated with use of plant components with

toxic potential. Environmental Research 62:106-113, 1993.

P.S. Spencer

138. Tekle-Haimanot, R., Abegaz, B.M., Wuhib, E., Kassina, A., Kidane, Y., Kebede, N., Alemu, T. and Spencer, P.S. Pattern of Lathyrus sativus (Grass Pea) consumption and β-N-oxalyl-a-β-diaminopropionic acid (β-ODAP) content of food samples in the lathyrism-endemic region of Northwest Ethiopia. Nutrition Research 13:1113-1126, 1993.

139. Giménez-Roldán, S., Ludolph, A.C., Hugon, J., Hens, M., Mateo, D., Kisby, G.E. and Spencer, P.S. Lathyrism in

Spain: Progressive central nervous system deficits more than 45 years after onset? In: Nutrition, Neurotoxins and Lathyrism; The ODAP Challenge. (eds. Abegaz, B.A., T-Haimanot, R., Palmer, V.S. and Spencer, P.S.), Third World Medical Research Foundation, New York, 1994, pp 10-25.

140. Riepe, M., Ludolph, A., Seelig, M., Spencer, P.S. and Ludolph, A.C. Increase of ATP levels by glutamate

antagonists is unrelated to neuroprotection. Neuroreport 5:2130-2132, 1994. 141. Spencer, P.S., Allen, C., Kisby G. and Ludolph, A. On the etiology and pathogenesis of chemically induced

neurodegenerative disorders. Neurobiology of Aging 15:265-267, 1994. 142. T-Haimanot, R., Kidane, Y., Wuhib, E., Kassina, A., Endeshaw, Y., Alemu, T. and Spencer, P.S. The epidemiology

of lathyrism in Ethiopia. In: Nutrition, Neurotoxins and Lathyrism; The ODAP Challenge. (eds. Abegaz, B.A., T.-Haimanot, R., Palmer, V.S. and Spencer, P.S.), Third World Medical Research Foundation, New York, 1994, pp 1-9.

143. Allen, C.N., Omelchenko, I., Ross, S.M. and Spencer, P.S. The neurotoxin, β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA)

interacts with the strychnine-insensitive glycine modulatory side of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. Neuropharmacology 34:651-658, 1995.

144. Butterfield, P.G., Lindeman, C.A., Valanis, B.G. and Spencer, P.S. Design of a questionnaire: Occupational and

environmental risks for Parkinson's disease. American Association of Occupational Health Nurses 43:197-202, 1995.

145. Couratier, P., Sindou, P., Tabaraud, F., Diop, A.G., Spencer, P.S. and Hugon, J. Modulation of tau neuronal

expression induced by NMDA, non-NMDA and metabotropic glutamate receptor agonists. Neurodegeneration 4:33-41, 1995.

146. Riepe, M., Spencer, P.S., Lambein, F., Ludolph, A.C. and Allen, C.N. In vitro toxicological investigations of

isoxazolinone amino acids of Lathyrus sativus. Natural Toxins 3:58-64, 1995. 147. Roy, D.N., Peyton, D.H. and Spencer, P.S. Isolation and identification of two potent neurotoxins, aspartic acid and

glutamic acid, from Yellow Star thistle (Centaurea solstitialis). Natural Toxins 3:174-180, 1995. 148. Sabri, M.I., Lystrup, B., Roy, D.N. and Spencer, P.S. Action of β−N-oxalylamino-L-alanine on mouse brain NADH-

dehydrogenase activity. Journal of Neurochemistry 65:1842-1848, 1995. 149. Eizirik, D.L., Spencer, P. and Kisby, G. Potential role of environmental genotoxic agents in diabetes mellitus and

neurodegenerative diseases. Biochemical Pharmacology 51:1585-1591, 1996. 150. Ludolph, A.C. and Spencer, P.S. Toxic models of upper motor neuron disease. Journal of Neurological Sciences

139 (Suppl.):53-59, 1996. 151. Roy, D.N., Sabri, M.I., Kayton, R.J. and Spencer, P.S. β-Cyano-L-alanine toxicity: evidence for the involvement of

an excitotoxic mechanism. Natural Toxins 4:247-253, 1996. 152. Butterfield, P.G., Spencer, P.S., Redmond, N., Rosenbaum, R. and Zirkle, D.E. Clinical and employment outcomes

of carpal tunnel syndrome in Oregon Workers' Compensation recipients. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation 7:61-73, 1997.

153. Drake-Baumann, R., Seil, F. and Spencer, P.S. Neuromuscular responses to pyridostigmine bromide in organotypic

spinal cord-muscle culture. Journal of Physiology (Paris) 92:305-308, 1998.

P.S. Spencer

154. Tor-Agbidye, J., Palmer, V.S., Sabri, M.I., Craig A.M., Blythe, L.L. and Spencer, P.S. Dietary deficiency of cystine and methionine in rats alters thiol homeostasis required for cyanide detoxification. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part A, 55:583-595, 1998.

155. Butterfield, P.G., Spencer, P.S., Redmond, N., Feldstein, A. and Perrin, N. Low back pain: Predictors of

absenteeism, residual symptoms, functional impairment, and medical costs in Oregon Workers’ Compensation recipients. American Journal of Industrial Medicine 34:559-567, 1998.

156. Spencer, P.S., McCauley, L.A., Joos, S.K., Lasarev, M.R., Shuell, T., Bourdette, D., Barkhuizen, A., Johnston, W.,

Storzbach, D., Wynn, M., and other members of the Portland Environmental Hazards Research Center. Gulf War veterans: Service periods in theater, differential exposure, and persistent unexplained illness. Toxicology Letters 102-103:515-521, 1998.

157. Wilson, B.W., Henderson, J.D. and Spencer, P.S. Clinical effects of low-level exposures to chemical warfare agents in mice and chickens. Drug and Chemical Toxicology 21:183-190, 1998.

158. Esclaire, F., Kisby, G., Spencer, P., Milne, J., Lesort, M. and Hugon, J. The Guam cycad toxin

methylazoxymethanol damages neuronal DNA and modulates tau mRNA expression and excitotoxicity. Experimental Neurology 155:11-21, 1999.

159. Tor-Agbidye, J., Palmer, V.S., Spencer, P.S., Craig, M.A., Blythe, L.L. and Sabri, M.I. Sodium cyanate alters

glutathione homeostasis in rodent brain: relationship to neurodegenerative diseases in protein-deficient populations in Africa. Brain Research 820:12-19, 1999.

160. Kim, M.S., Kayton, R., Muñiz, J., Austin, D.R., Spencer, P.S. and Sabri, M. 1,2-Diacetylbenzene neurotoxicity: A

model to study the role of Schwann cells in maintenance of axonal integrity in toxic states. Microscopy and Microanalysis 5:1218-1219, 1999.

161. Kisby, G.E., Kabel, H., Hugon, J. and Spencer, P.S. Damage and repair of nerve cell DNA in toxic stress. Drug

Metabolism Reviews 31:589-618, 1999. 162. Spencer, P.S. Food toxins, AMPA receptors, and motor neuron diseases. Drug Metabolism Reviews 31:561-587,

1999. 163. Hugon, J., Esclaire, F., Lesort, M. Kisby, G. and Spencer, P. Toxic neuronal apoptosis and modifications of tau and

APP gene and protein expressions. Drug Metabolism Reviews 31:635-647, 1999. 164. Tor-Agbidye, J., Sabri, M.I., Spencer, P.S., Palmer, V.S. Lasarev, M.R., Craig, M.A. and Blythe, L.L. Bioactivation

of cyanide to cyanate in sulfur amino acid deficiency: relevance to neurological diseases in humans subsisting on cassava. Toxicological Sciences 50:228-235, 1999.

165. Butterfield, P.G., Spencer P.S. and Yares, S. Back pain-related absenteeism: Differences between small and large

companies. Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health 5:215-225, 1999. 166. Kisby, G.E., Springer, N. and Spencer, P.S. In vitro neurotoxic and DNA-damaging properties of nitrogen mustard.

Journal of Applied Toxicology 20:S35-S41, 2000. 167. Obendorf, P. and Spencer P.S. Medicinal use of cycads (Cycas spp.) in New Guinea and neighbouring islands.

Perspectives in Human Biology 5:31-41, 2000. 168. Camicioli, R., Grossman, S.J., Spencer, P.S., Hudnell, K. and Anger, W.K. Discriminating mild parkinsonism:

Methods for epidemiological research. Movement Disorders 16:33-40, 2001. 169. McCauley, L.A., Rischitelli, G., Lambert, W.E., Lasarev, M., Sticker, D. and Spencer, P.S. Symptoms of Gulf War

veterans possibly exposed to organophosphate chemical warfare agents at Khamisiyah, Iraq. International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health, 7:79-89, 2001.

P.S. Spencer

170. Spencer, P.S., McCauley, L.A., Lapidus, J.A., Lasarev, M., Joos, S.K. and Storzbach, D. Self-reported exposures and their association with unexplained illness in a population-based case-control study of Gulf War Veterans. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 43:1041-1056, 2001.

171. Kim, M-S., Sabri, M.I., Miller, V.H., Kayton, R.J., Dixon, D.A. and Spencer, P.S. 1,2-Diacetylbenzene, the

neurotoxic metabolite of a chromogenic aromatic organic solvent, induces proximal axonopathy. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 177:121-131, 2001.

172. Wilson, B.W., Henderson, J.D., Coatney, E.M., Nieberg, P.S. and Spencer, P.S. Actions of pyridostigmine and

organophosphate agents on chick cells, mice, and chickens. Drug and Chemical Toxicology 25:131-139, 2002. 173. Zhan, C-G., Dixon, D.A., Sabri, M.I., Kim, M-S. and Spencer, P.S. Theoretical determination of chromophores in

the chromogenic effects of aromatic neurotoxicants. Journal of the American Chemical Society 124:2744-2752, 2002. 174. Kim, M-S., Hashemi, S., Spencer, P.S. and Sabri, M.I. Amino acid and protein targets of 1,2-diacetylbenzene, a

potent aromatic γ-diketone that induces proximal neurofilamentous axonopathy. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 183:55, 2002.

175. Spencer, P.S., Kim, M.S. and Sabri, M.I. Aromatic as well as aliphatic hydrocarbon axonopathy. International

Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 205:131-136, 2002. 176. McCauley, L.A., Lasarev, M.S., Sticker, D., Rischitelli, D.G. and Spencer, P.S. Illness experience of Gulf War

veterans possibly exposed to chemical warfare agents. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 23:200-206,2002. 177. Zhan, C-G., Spencer, P.S. and Dixon, D.A. Computational insights into the chemical structures and mechanisms of

the chromogenic and neurotoxic effects of aromatic γ-diketones. Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 107:2853-2861, 2003.

178. Horner, R.D., Kamins, K.G., Feussner, J.R., Grambow, S.C., Hoff-Lindquist, J., Harati, Y., Mitsumoto, H., Pascuzzi,

R., Spencer, P.S., Tim, R., Howard, D., Smith, T.C., Ryan, M.A.K., Coffman, C.J. and Kasarskis, E.J. Occurrence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis among Gulf War veterans. Neurology 61:742-749, 2003.

179. Trimpin, S., Mixon, A.E., Stapels, M.D., Kim, M-Y., Spencer, P.S. and Deinzer, M.L. Identification of endogenous

phosphorylation sites of bovine medium and low molecular weight neurofilament proteins by tandem mass spectrometry. Biochemistry 43:2091-2105, 2004.

180. Zhan, C-G., Spencer, P.S. and Dixon, D.A. Chromogenic and neurotoxic effects of aliphatic γ-diketone:

Computational insights into the molecular structures of mechanism. Journal of Physical Chemistry B 108:3098-6104, 2004.

181. Qin, L-X., Kerr, K.F. and Contributing Members of the Toxicogenomics Research Consortium Empirical evaluation

of data transformations and ranking statistics for microarray analysis. Nucleic Acids Research 32:5471-5479, 2004. 182. Tshala-Katumbay, D.D., Palmer, V.S., Kayton, R.J., Sabri, M.I. and Spencer, P.S. A new murine model of giant

proximal axonopathy. Acta Neuropathologica (Berl.) 109:405-410, 2005. 183. Spencer, P.S., Palmer, V.S. and Ludolph, A.C. On the decline and etiology of high-incidence motor system disease in

West Papua (southwest New Guinea). Movement Disorders 20:S119-126, 2005. 184. Bammler, T., Beyer, R.P., Bhattacharya, S., Boorman, G., Boyles, A., Bradford, B.U., Bumgarner, R.E., Bushel,

P.R., Choi, D., Cunningham, M., Deng, S., Dressman, H.K., Fannin, R.D., Farin, F.M., Freedman, J.H., Fry, R.C., Humble, M.C., Hurban, P., Jing, l., Kavanagh, T.J., Kaufmann, W.K., Kerr, K.F., Milton, S., Lapidus, J.A., Lasarev, M., Li, J., Li, Y-J., Lobenhofer, E.K., Lu, X., Malek, R.L., Nagalla, S., Milton, S., O’Malley, J.P., Palmer, V.S., Pattee, P., Paules, R.S., Perou, C.M., Qin, L., Quigley, S.D., Rodland, M., Rusyn, I., Samson, L.D., Schwartz, D.A., Shi, Y., Shin, J-L., Sieber, S.O., Slifer, S., Speer, M.C., Spencer, P.S., Sproles, D.I., Suk, W.A., Sullivan, R.C., Swenberg, J., Tennant, R., Tian, R., Todd, S.A., Tucker, C.J., van Houten, B., Weis, B.K. and Zarbl. H.

P.S. Spencer

Standardizing global gene expression analysis between laboratories and across platforms. Nature Methods 2:351-356, 2005.

185. Kim, M.S., Sabri, M.I., Lasarev, M.R., Hashemi, S.B., Lu, X., Choi, D., Nagalla, S. and Spencer P.S. Use of isomers

to isolate transcriptional modulation by active moieties of chemicals and drugs. Annual Book of World DNA Day, Dalian, 289-291, 2005.

186. Yan, Z.Y., Spencer, P.S., Li, Z.X., Liang, Y.M., Wang, Y.F., Wang, C.Y. and Li, F.M. Lathyrus sativus (grass pea)

and its neurotoxin ODAP. Phytochemistry 67:107-21, 2006. 187. Tshala-Katumbay, D., Palmer, V.S., Lasarev, M.R., Kayton, R.J., Sabri, M.I. and Spencer, P.S. Monocyclic and

dicyclic hydrocarbons: Structural requirements for proximal giant axonopathy. Acta Neuropathologica (Berl.) July 28 112:317-24, 2006.

188. Sabri, M.I., Hashemi, S.B., Lasarev, M.R. and Spencer, P.S. Axonopathy-inducing 1,2-diacetylbenzene forms

adducts with motor and cytoskeletal proteins required for axonal transport. Neurochemical Research 32:2152-9, 2007.

189. Beyer, R.P., Fry, R.C., Lasarev, M.R., McConnachie, L.A., Meira, L.B., Palmer, V.S., Powell, C.L., Ross, P.K.,

Bammler, T.K., Bradford, B.U., Cranson, A.B., Cunningham, M.L., Fannin, R.D., Higgins, G.M., Hurban, P., Kayton, R.J., Kerr, K.F., Kosyk, O., Lobenhofer, E.K., Sieber, S.O., Vliet, P.A., Weis, B.K., Wolfinger, R., Woods, C.G., Freedman, J.H., Linney, E., Kaufmann, W.K., Kavanaugh, T.J., Paules, R.S., Rusyn, I., Samson, L.D., Spencer, P.S., Suk, W., Tennant, R.J., Zarbl, H. and Members of the Toxicogenomics Research Consortium. Multi-center study of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity reveals the importance of biological endpoints in genomic analysis. Toxicological Sciences 99:326-27, 2007.

190. Tshala-Katumbay, D., Monterroso, V., Kayton, R., Lasarev, M., Sabri, M. and Spencer, P.S. Probing mechanisms of

axonopathy. Part I: Protein targets of 1,2-diacetylbenzene, the neurotoxic metabolite of aromatic solvent 1,2-diethylbenzene. Toxicological Sciences 105:134-41, 2008.

191. Tshala-Katumbay, D., Monterroso, V., Kayton, R., Lasarev, M., � Sabri, M. and Spencer, P.S. Probing mechanisms of

axonopathy. Part II: � Protein targets of 2,5-hexanedione, the neurotoxic metabolite of the �aliphatic solvent n-hexane. Toxicological Sciences 107:482-9, 2009.

192. Tshala-Katumbay, D., Desjardins, P., Sabri, M.I., Butterworth, R. and Spencer, P.S. New insights into mechanisms

of γ diketone-induced axonopathy. Neurochemical Research 34:1919-23, 2009. 193. Kisby, G.E., Fry, R.C., Lasarev, M.R., Bammler, T.K., Beyer, R.P., Churchwell, M., Doerge D.R., Meira, L.B.,

Palmer, V.S., Ramos-Crawford, A-L., Ren, X, Sullivan, R.C., Kavanagh, T.J., Samson, L.D., Zarbl, H., Spencer, P.S. The cycad genotoxin MAM modulates brain cellular pathways involved in neurodegenerative disease and cancer in a DNA damage-linked manner. PLoS One 6(6):e20911. Epub 2011 Jun 23, 2011.

194. Kisby, G.E., Palmer, V., Lasarev, M., Fry, R., Iordanov, M., Magun, E., Samson, L. Spencer, P.S. Does the cycad

genotoxin MAM implicated in Guam ALS-PDC induce disease-relevant changes in mouse brain that includes olfaction? Communicative & Integrative Biology 4;6:731-4, 2011.

195. Kisby G.E. and Spencer, P.S. Is neurodegenerative disease a long-latency response to early-life genotoxin exposure?

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 8:3889-921, 2011. Epub 2011b Sep 29. PMID: 22073019.

196. Spencer, P.S. and Palmer, V.S. Interrelationships of undernutrition and neurotoxicity: food for thought and research

attention. Neurotoxicology 22:605-16, 2012. 197. Tumwine, J.K., Vandemaele, K., Chungong, S., Richer, M., Anker, M., Ayana, Y., Opoka, M.L., Klaucke, D.N.,

Quarello, A., Spencer, P.S. Clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of nodding syndrome in Mundri County, southern Sudan. African Health Sciences 12:242-8, 2012.

P.S. Spencer

198. Spencer, P.S., Fry, R.C. and Kisby, G.E. Unraveling 50-year-old clues linking neurodegeneration and cancer to cycad toxins: Are microRNAs common mediators? Frontiers in Genetics 2012;3:192. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2012.00192. Epub 2012 Sep 28.

199. Spencer P.S., Fry R.C., Palmer V. and Kisby G.E. Western Pacific ALS-PDC: a prototypical neurodegenerative

disorder linked to DNA damage and aberrant proteogenesis? Frontiers in Neurology 2012;3:180. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2012.00180. Epub 2012 Dec 21.

200. Spencer, P.S., Palmer, V.S. and Jilek-Aall, L. Nodding Syndrome: Origins and natural history of a longstanding

epileptic disorder in sub-Sahara. African Health Sciences 13:176-82, 2013. 201. Spencer, P.S., Vandemaele, K., Richer, M., Palmer, V.S., Chungong S., Anker, M., Ayana, Y., Ayana, Y., Opoka,

M.L, Klaucke, D.N, Quarello and Tumwine, J.K. Nodding Syndrome in Mundri County, South Sudan: Environmental, nutritional and infectious factors. African Health Sciences, 13:183-204, 2013.

202. Duringer, J., Craig, A.M, Palmer, V.S, Spencer, P.S. Beauvericin in sorghum proximate to Nodding Syndrome. In

Rahman, A., Sandhu, P.S., eds., 2nd Conference on Chemical Science and Engineering, Kuala Lumpur, December 29-30, 2013. Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications, pp. 110-112, 2013.

203. Palmer, V.S., Mazumder, R., and Spencer, P.S. Interprofessional global health education in a cosmopolitan

community of North America: The iCHEE experience. Academic Medicine, in press. Initially epublished as: Interprofessional Global Health Education at Oregon Health & Science University: The interprofessional Community Health and Education Exchange (iCHEE) Experience. Academic Medicine, June 10, 2014 [Epub ahead of print].

204. Harris, W.A., Spencer, P., Winthrop, K, and Kravitz, J.. Training mid- to late-career health professionals for clinical

work in low-income regions abroad. Journal of Continuing Education of the Health Professions 34:179-186, 2014. 205. Landis, J.L., Palmer, V.S., and Spencer, P.S. Nodding Syndrome in Kitgum District, Uganda: Association with

conflict and displacement. BMJ Open, 2014 Nov 4;4(11):e006195. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006195. 206. Kan J, Zhu X, Wang T, Lu R and Spencer PS. Chinese patient demand for intravenous therapy: a preliminary survey.

Lancet, 2015,386(suppl 1):s61. 207. Spencer, P.S., Palmer, V.S., and Kisby, G.E. Seeking environmental causes of neurodegenerative disease and

envisioning primary prevention. Neurotoxicology, submitted. Commentaries, Letters, Books, Chapters in Books, and Review Articles

Commentaries

1. Sabri, M.I., and Spencer, P.S. How does acrylamide perturb axon transport and induce nerve fiber degeneration? Commentary on forum position paper. Neurotoxicology, 23:259-263, 2002.

2. Spencer, P.S., Kitara, D.L., Gazda S, and Winkler, A. Nodding Syndrome: 2015 International Conference Report and Gulu Accord. eNS, in press, 2016.

Letters and Comments 1. Spencer, P.S., Allen, R.G., Kisby, G.E. and Ludolph, A.C. Excitotoxic disorders. Science 248:144, 1990. 2. Spencer, P.S., Kisby, G.E., Ross, S.M., Roy, D.N., Hugon, J., Ludolph, A.C. and Nunn, P.B. Guam ALS-PDC:

Possible causes. Science 262:825, 1993. 3. Palmer, V., Tor-Agbidye, J. and Spencer, P.S. Aiding African agriculture. Science 289:2281, 2000. 4. Spencer, P.S. and Palmer, V.S. Lathyrism: Aqueous leaching reduces grass-pea neurotoxicity. Lancet 362:1775-

1776, 2003.

P.S. Spencer

5. Spencer, P.S., Palmer, V. Neurological disease on the global agenda. Annals of Neurology 64:476-477, 2008. 6. Spencer, P.S., Palmer, V.S., Kisby, G.E. The ALS/PDC syndrome of Guam and the cycad hypothesis. Neurology

72:474-6, 2009. 7. Spencer, P.S., Lasarev, M.R., Palmer, V.S, Kisby, G.E. Neurotoxic cycad components and Western Pacific

ALS/PDC. Annals of Neurology 68:975-976, 2010. 8. Kisby, G.E. and Spencer, P.S. Parkinsonism and cancer. JAMA Neurology 70:414-5, 2013. 9. Spencer, P.S. and Palmer, V.S. Nodding Syndrome: Do mycotoxins contribute to etiology? PLoS ONE July 31, 2013.

http://www.plosone.org/annotation/listThread.action?root=69475 10. Spencer, P.S. Comment on T.C. Burdett, M.R. Freeman. Astrocytes eyeball axonal mitochondria. Science 345:385,

2014. Science Magazine, September 14, 2014. 11. Spencer, P.S. Comment on Paireau, J.M, Tuan, N.H. and Lefrançois, R. et al. Litchi-associated acute encephalitis in

children, Northern Vietnam 2004-2009. Emerging Infectious Diseases 18, 1817-1824, 2012. http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/18/11/11-1761_article [Accessed October 15, 2014].

Books

1. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H. Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, 1980 (929 pages).

2. Schaumburg, H.H., Spencer, P.S. and Thomas, P.K. Disorders of Peripheral Nerves, Contemporary Neurology

Series. Vol. 24, F.A. Davis, Philadelphia, 1983 (248 pages). 3. Galli, C.L., Manzo, L. and Spencer, P.S. Recent Advances in Nervous System Toxicology. Plenum, New York, 1988

(391 pages). 4. Spencer, P.S., ed. The Grass Pea: Threat and Promise. Proceedings of the International Network for the

Improvement of Lathyrus sativus and the Eradication of Lathyrism, London. Third World Medical Research Foundation, New York, 1989 (244 pages).

5. Abegaz, B.M., T.-Haimanot, R., Palmer, V.S. and Spencer, P.S. Nutrition, Neurotoxins and Lathyrism; The ODAP

Challenge. Proceedings of a conference in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Third World Medical Research Foundation, New York, 1994 (139 pages).

6. Spencer, P.S. Atlas of Clinical Neurology, Rosenberg, R.N., ed., Section on Neurotoxic Disorders, Butterworth-

Heinemann, Philadelphia, 1998 (14.1-14.22 pages). 7. Spencer, P.S., Schaumburg, H.H. Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology, 2nd edition, Oxford, New York, 2000

(1310 pages). English language version. 8. Spencer, P.S., Schaumburg, H.H. Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology, 2nd Edition, Chinese translation of

chapters #1-3, July 2014. (Reference ID B-4625, see 6/26/14 email)

Chapters/Reviews

1. Spencer, P.S. The traumatic neuroma and proximal stump. The Bulletin of the Hospital for Joint Diseases 35:85-102,

1974.

P.S. Spencer

2. Spinner, M. and Spencer, P.S. Nerve compression lesions of the upper extremity: A clinical and experimental review. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 104:46-67, 1974.

3. Prineas, J. and Spencer, P.S. Pathology of the nerve cell body in disorders of the peripheral nervous system. In:

Peripheral Neuropathy, Vol. I (eds. Dyck, P.J., Thomas, P.K., and Lambert, E.H.), W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, 1975, pp 253-295.

4. Schaumburg, H.H. and Spencer, P.S. Pathology of spinal root compression. In: The Research Status of Spinal

Manipulative Therapy, NINCDS Monograph No. 15, US HEW, Washington, D.C., 1975, pp 141-148. 5. Spencer, P.S. Experimentally induced nerve injury and its repair. In: Symposium on Microsurgery, Vol. 14 (eds.

Daniller, A.I. and Strauch, B.), The C.V. Mosby Co., St. Louis, 1976, pp 131-139. 6. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H. Central-peripheral distal axonopathy - the pathology of dying-back

polyneuropathies. In: Progress in Neuropathology, Vol. III (ed. Zimmerman, H.M.), Grune and Stratton, New York, 1976, pp 253-295.

7. Spencer, P.S. Morphology of the injured peripheral nerve. In: Reconstructive Microsurgery (eds. Daniel, R.K. and

Terzis, J.K.), Little, Brown and Co., Boston, 1977, pp 342-349. 8. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H. Industrial neuropathies. In: Neurotoxicology (eds. Roizin, L., Shiraki, H. and

Grcevic, N.), Raven Press, New York, 1977, pp 427-430. 9. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H. Neurotoxic properties of certain aliphatic hexacarbons. In: Proceedings of the

Royal Society of Medicine 70:37-39, 1977. 10. Gould, R.M., Lasek, R.J.. and Spencer, P.S. Phosphoinositide metabolism in peripheral axons. In: Cyclitols and

Phosphoinositides (eds. Wells, W.W. and Eisenberg, Jr., F.), Academic Press, New York, 1978, pp 535-547. 11. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H. Distal axonopathy: One common type of neurotoxic lesion. Environmental

Health Perspectives 26:97-105, 1978. 12. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H. Pathobiology of neurotoxic axonal degeneration. In: Physiology and

Pathobiology of Axons (ed. Waxman, S.G.), Raven Press, New York, 1978, pp 265-282 . 12a Terziz, J.K., Daneil, R.L., Williams, H.B. and Spencer, P.S. Benign fatty tumors of the peripheral nerves. Annals of

Plastic Surgery 1:193-216, 1978. 13. Spencer, P.S. and Weinberg, H.J. Axonal specification of Schwann cell expression and myelination. In: Physiology

and Pathobiology of Axons (ed. Waxman, S.G.), Raven Press, New York, 1978, pp 389-405. 14. Schaumburg, H.H. and Spencer, P.S. Clinical and experimental studies of distal axonopathy - a frequent form of

brain and nerve damage produced by environmental chemical hazards. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 329:14-29, 1979.

15. Schaumburg, H.H. and Spencer, P.S. Toxic models of certain disorders of the nervous system - A teaching

monograph. Neurotoxicology 1:209-220, 1979. 16. Schaumburg, H.H. and Spencer, P.S. Toxic models of disorders of the peripheral nervous system. In: Current

Topics in Nerve and Muscle Research (eds. Aguayo, A.J. and Karpati, G.), Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam, 1979, pp 265-270. 17. Schaumburg, H.H. and Spencer, P.S. Toxic neuropathies (clinical review). Neurology 29:429-431, 1979. 18. Spencer, P.S. Cellular responses to neurotoxic compounds of environmental significance. Neurobehavioral

Toxicology: Test Methods for Definition of Effects of Toxic Substances on Behavior and Neuromotor Function 1:189-191, 1979.

P.S. Spencer

19. Spencer, P.S. Neuronal regulation of myelinating cell function. In: Aspects of Developmental Neurobiology, Society

for Neuroscience Symposia IV (eds. Ferrendelli, J.A. and Gurvitch, G.), 1979, pp 275-321. 20. Spencer, P.S. The environmental neurotoxin - a threat and a tool. In: Current Topics in Nerve and Muscle Research

(eds. Aguayo, A.J. and Karpati, G.), Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam, 1979, pp 271-273. 21. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H. Neurotoxic chemicals as probes of cellular mechanisms of neuromuscular

disease. In: Current Topics in Nerve and Muscle Research (eds. Aguayo, A.J. and Karpati, G.), Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam, 1979, pp 274-281.

22. Cho, E.-S., Spencer, P.S. and Jortner, B.S. Doxorubicin. In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology (eds.

Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H.), Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1980, pp 430-439. 23. Pellegrino, R.G. and Spencer, P.S. The establishment of a neurotoxicology information repository (N.I.R.). In:

Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology (eds. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H.), Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1980, pp 899-901.

24. Politis, M.J., Schaumburg, H.H. and Spencer, P.S. Neurotoxicity of selected chemicals. In: Experimental and

Clinical Neurotoxicology (eds. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H.), Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1980, pp 613-630.

25. Sabri, M.I. and Spencer, P.S. Toxic distal axonopathy: Biochemical studies and hypothetical mechanisms. In:

Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology (eds. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H.), Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1980, pp 206-219.

26. Schaumburg, H.H. and Spencer, P.S. Clioquinol. In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology (eds. Spencer,

P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H.), Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1980, pp 395-406. 27. Schaumburg, H.H. and Spencer, P.S. Selected outbreaks of neurotoxic disease. In: Experimental and Clinical

Neurotoxicology (eds. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H.), Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1980, pp 883-889. 28. Spencer, P.S. and Bischoff, M.C. Contemporary morphological techniques for evaluating peripheral nerves. In:

Management of Peripheral Nerve Problems (eds. Omer, Jr., G.E. and Spinner, M.), W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, 1980, pp 883-894.

29. Spencer, P.S., Bischoff, M.C. and Schaumburg, H.H. Neuropathological methods for the detection of neurotoxic

disease. In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology (eds. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H.), Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1980, pp 743-757.

30. Spencer, P.S., Couri, D. and Schaumburg, H.H. n-Hexane and methyl n-butyl ketone. In: Experimental and

Clinical Neurotoxicology (eds. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H.), Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1980, pp 456-475.

31. Spencer, P.S., Foster, G.V., Sterman, A.B. and Horoupian, D. Acetyl ethyl tetramethyl tetralin. In: Experimental

and Clinical Neurotoxicology (eds. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H.), Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1980, pp 296-308.

32. Spencer, P.S. Structural and functional features of normal and injured nerves. In: The Facial Palsies: Their

Physiopathology and Therapeutic Approaches (eds. Moldaver, J. and Conley, J.), Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, 1980, pp 158-180.

33. Spencer, P.S., Sabri, M.I. and Politis, M. Methyl n-butyl ketone, carbon disulfide and acrylamide: Putative

mechanism of neurotoxic damage. In: Advances in Neurotoxicology (eds. Manzo, L., Lery, N., Lacasse, Y. and Roche, L.), Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1980, pp 173-180.

P.S. Spencer

34. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H. Classification of neurotoxic disease: A morphological approach. In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology (eds. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H.), Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1980, pp 92-99.

35. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H. Recent morphological studies of toxic neuropathy. In: Mechanisms of Toxicity

and Hazard Evaluation (eds. Holmstedt, B., Lauwerys, R., Mercier, M. and Roberfroid, M.), Elsevier/North Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam, 1980, pp 3-11.

36. Spencer, P.S., Schaumburg, H.H., Sabri, M.I. and Veronesi, B. The enlarging view of hexacarbon neurotoxicity.

CRC Critical Reviews in Toxicology 7:279-356, 1980. 37. Veronesi, B., Peterson, E.R. and Spencer, P.S. Reproduction and analysis of methyl n-butyl ketone neuropathy in

organotypic tissue culture. In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology (eds. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H.), Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1980, pp 863-871.

38. Schaumburg, H.H., Arezzo, J.C., Markowitz, L. and Spencer, P.S. Neurotoxicity assessment at chemical disposal

sites. In: Assessment of Health Effects at Chemical Disposal Sites (ed. Lowrance, W.W.), Rockefeller University, New York, 1981, pp 82-104.

39. Schaumburg, H.H. and Spencer, P.S. Peripheral neuropathy update. In: Current Neurology, Vol. 3 (ed. Appel,

S.H.), John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1981, pp 1-16. 40. Spencer, P.S. and Ochoa, J. The mammalian peripheral nervous system in old age. In: Aging and Cell Structure,

Vol. I (ed. Johnson, Jr., J.E.), Plenum, New York, 1981, pp 35-103. 41. Spencer, P.S., Politis, M.J., Pellegrino, R.G. and Weinberg, H.J. Control of Schwann cell behavior during nerve

degeneration and regeneration. In: Posttraumatic Peripheral Nerve Regeneration Experimental Basis and Clinical Implications (eds. Gorio, A., Millesi, H. and Mingrino, S.), Raven Press, New York, 1981, pp 411-429.

42. Arezzo, J.C., Schaumburg, H.H. and Spencer, P.S. Structure and function of the somatosensory system: A

neurotoxicological perspective. Environmental Health Perspectives 44:23-30, 1982. 43. Spencer, P.S. and Bischoff, M.C. Contemporary neuropathological methods in toxicology. In: Nervous System

Toxicology (ed. Mitchell, C.L.), Raven Press, New York, 1982, pp 259-275. 44. Spencer, P.S. and Griffin, J.W. Disruption of axoplasmic transport by neurotoxic agents. The 2,5-hexanedione

model. In: Axoplasmic Transport in Physiology and Pathology (eds. Weiss, D.G. and Gorio, A.), Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1982, pp 92-103.

45. Spencer, P.S., Politis, M.J., Pellegrino, R.G. and Schaumburg, H.H. The cellular target site in distal axonopathies.

In: Disorders of the Motor Unit (ed. Schotland, D.L.), John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1982, pp 87-101. 46. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H. The pathogenesis of motor neuron disease: Perspectives from neurotoxicology.

In: Human Motor Neuron Diseases (ed. Rowland, L.P.), Raven Press, New York, 1982, pp 249-266. 47. Schaumburg, H.H., Spencer, P.S. and Arezzo, J.C. Monitoring potential neurotoxic effects of hazardous waste

disposal. Environmental Health Perspectives 48:61-64, 1983. 48. Schaumburg, H.H., Spencer, P.S. and Ochoa, J. The aging human peripheral nervous system. In: The Neurology of

Aging (eds. Katzman, R. and Terry, R.D.), F.A. Davis, Philadelphia, 1983, pp 111-122. 49. Spencer, P.S. and Bischoff, M.C. Skin as a route of entry for neurotoxic substances. In: Dermatotoxicology, 2nd

Ed. (eds. Marzulli, F.N. and Maibach, H.I.), Hemisphere, Washington, D.C., 1983, pp 611-626.

P.S. Spencer

50. Spencer, P.S., Pellegrino, R.G., Ross, S.M., Politis, M.J. and Sabri, M.I. The regulation of Schwann-cell function in degenerative disorders of the nervous system. In: Molecular Pathology of Nerve and Muscle (eds. Kidman, A.D., Tomkins, J.K., Morris, C.A. and Cooper, N.A.), Humana Press, New Jersey, 1983, pp 3-19.

51. Politis, M.J., Pellegrino, R.G., Ross, S.M. and Spencer, P.S. The role of distal nerve stumps in guiding regenerating

fibers. In: Peripheral Neuropathy (ed. Sobue, I.), Excerpta Medica, Toyko, 1984, pp 15-19. 52. Price, D.L., Griffin, J.W., Hoffman, P.N., Cork, L.C. and Spencer, P.S. The response of motor neurons to injury and

disease. In: Peripheral Neuropathy, Vol. I, 2nd Edition, (eds. Dyck, P.J., Thomas, P.K., Lambert, E.H. and Bunge, R.), W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, 1984, pp 732-759.

53. Schaumburg, H.H. and Spencer, P.S. Human toxic neuropathy due to industrial agents. In: Peripheral Neuropathy

Vol. II, 2nd Edition, (eds. Dyck, P.J., Thomas, P.K., Lambert, E.H. and Bunge, R.), W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, 1984, pp 2115-2132.

54. Schwab, B.W., Arezzo, J.C., Paldino, A.M., Flohe, L., Matthiessen, T. and Spencer, P.S. Effects of thalidomide on

rabbit peripheral nerve structure and function. In: Peripheral Neuropathy (ed. Sobue, I.), Excerpta Medica, Toyko, 1984, pp 179-183.

55. Spencer, P.S. Experimental evaluation of selected petrochemicals for subchronic neurotoxic properties. In:

Advances in Modern Environmental Toxicology (series ed. Mehlman, M.A.): Applied Toxicology of Petroleum Hydrocarbons (eds. MacFarland, H.N., Holdsworth, C.E., MacGregor, J.A., Call, R.W. and Kane, M.L.), Princeton Scientific, Princeton, 1984, pp 199-214.

56. Spencer, P.S., Pellegrino, R.G., Politis, M.J., Ross, S.M. and Sabri, M.I. Induction and repair of myelin. In:

Neuromuscular Diseases (eds. Serratrice, G., Cros, D., Desnuelle, C., Gastaut, J.-L., Pellissier, J.-F., Pouget, J. and Schiano, A.), Raven Press, New York, 1984, pp 271-275.

57. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H. Experimental models of primary axonal disease induced by toxic chemicals.

In: Peripheral Neuropathy, Vol. I, 2nd Edition (eds. Dyck, P.J., Thomas, P.K., Lambert, E.H. and Bunge, R.), W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, 1984, pp 636-649.

58. Spencer, P.S., Schaumburg, H.H., Cohn, D.F. and Seth, P.K. Lathyrism: A useful model of primary lateral sclerosis.

In: Research Progress in Motor Neurone Disease (ed. Rose, F.C.), Pitman Press, London, 1984, pp 312-327. 59. Arezzo, J.C., Schaumburg, H.H. and Spencer, P.S. Structure and function of the somatosensory system: A

neurotoxicologic perspective. In: Toxicology of the Eye, Ear, and Other Special Senses (ed. Hayes, A.W.), Raven Press, New York, 1985, pp 41-54.

60. Miller, M. S. and Spencer, P.S. The mechanisms of acrylamide axonopathy. Annual Review of Pharmacology and

Toxicology 25:643-666, 1985. 61. Spencer, P.S., Arezzo, J. and Schaumburg, H. Chemicals causing disease of neurons and their processes. In:

Neurotoxicity of Industrial and Commercial Chemicals, Vol. 1 (ed. O'Donoghue, J.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1985, pp 1-14.

62. Spencer, P.S., Miller, M.S., Ross, S.M., Schwab, B.W. and Sabri, M.I. Biochemical mechanisms underlying primary

degeneration of axons. In: Handbook of Neurochemistry, 2nd Ed., Vol. 9, Alterations of Metabolites in the Nervous System (ed. Lajtha, A.), Plenum, New York, 1985, pp 31-65.

63. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H. Organic solvent neurotoxicity: Facts and research needs. In: Scandinavian

Journal of Work, Environment & Health 11 (Suppl. 1):53-60, 1985. 64. Roy, D.N., Spencer, P.S. and Nunn, P.B. Toxic components of Lathyrus. In: Lathyrus and Lathyrism (eds. Kaul, A.K. and Combes, D.), Third World Medical Research Foundation, New York, 1986, pp 287-296.

P.S. Spencer

65. Schaumburg, H.H. and Spencer, P.S. Chemical neurotoxicity. In: Diseases of the Nervous System, Vol. II, Clinical Neurobiology (eds. Asbury, A.K., McKhann, G.M. and McDonald, W.I.), W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, 1986, pp 1303-1314.

66. Spencer, P.S., Roy, D.N., Palmer, V.S. and Dwivedi, M.P. Lathyrus sativus L: The need for a strain lacking human

and animal neurotoxic properties. In: Lathyrus and Lathyrism (eds. Kaul, A.K. and Combes, D.), Third World Medical Research Foundation, New York, 1986, pp 297-305.

67. Sabri, M.I., Soiefer, A.I., Moretto, A., Lotti, M., Miller, M.S. and Spencer, P.S. Early retrograde transport defects

induced by primary axonal toxins. In: Axonal Transport (eds. Smith, R.S. and Bisby, M.A.), Alan R. Liss, New York, 1987, pp 459-472.

68. Schaumburg, H.H. and Spencer, P.S. Recognizing neurotoxic disease. Neurology 37:276-278, 1987. 69. Spencer, P.S. Neurotoxins, neurotoxicology. In: Encyclopedia of Neuroscience, Vol. II (ed. Adelman, G.),

Birkhauser Boston, Cambridge, 1987, pp 853-855. 70. Spencer, P.S., Hugon, J., Ludolph, A., Nunn, P.B., Ross, S.M., Roy, D.N. and Schaumburg, H.H. Discovery and

partial characterization of primate motor-system toxins. In: Selective Neuronal Death (eds. Bock, G. and O'Connor, M.), John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, 1987, pp 221-238.

71. Spencer, P.S., Ross, S.M., Nunn, P.B., Roy, D.N. and Seelig, M. Detection and characterization of plant-derived

amino acid motorsystem toxins in mouse CNS cultures. In: Model Systems in Neurotoxicology: Alternate Approaches to Animal Testing, Prog. Clin. Biol. Res. Vol. 253 (eds. Shahar, A. and Goldberg, A.M.), Alan R. Liss, New York, 1987, pp 349-361.

72. Williams, J.R., Spencer, P.S., Stahl, S.M., Borzelleca, J.F., Nichols, W., Pfitzer, E., Yunis, E.J., Carchman, R.,

Opishinski, J.W. and Walford, R.A. Interactions of aging and environmental agents: The toxicological perspective. In: Environmental Toxicity and the Aging Processes (eds. Baker, S.R. and Rogul, M.), Alan R. Liss, New York, 1987, pp 81-135.

73. Ross, S.M. and Spencer, P.S. Excitotoxic principles of plants linked to neuronal diseases involving motor and other

systems. In: Frontiers in Excitatory Amino Acid Research (eds. Cavalheiro, E.A., Lehmann, J. and Turski, L.), Alan R. Liss, New York, 1988, pp 517-524.

74. Spencer, P.S. Fatal, long-latency neurodegenerative disorders triggered by selected environmental toxins. In:

Environmental and Occupational Chemical Hazards (eds. Sumino, K., Iwai, S., Lee, H. Peng, Ong, C.N. and Saijoh, K.), National University, Singapore, 1988, pp 57-62.

75. Spencer, P.S., Palmer, V., Ohta, M. and Herman, A. Cycad, a suspect etiological factor for Guam ALS/P-D, is

associated with motor neuron disease in Irian Jaya, Indonesia, and Kii Peninsula, Japan. In: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Recent advances in research and treatment (eds. Tsubaki, T. and Yase, Y.), Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam, 1988, pp 35-40.

76. Spencer, P.S., Roy, D.N., Ludolph, A., Hugon, J., Dwivedi, M.P. and Schaumburg, H.H. Primate model of

lathyrism: A human pyramidal disorder. In: Neurodegenerative Disorders: The Role Played by Endotoxins and Xenobiotics (eds. Nappi, G., Hornykiewicz, O., Fariello, R.G., Agnoli, A. and Klawans, H.), Raven Press, New York, 1988, pp 233-238.

77. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H. Analysis of neurotoxic disease: The acrylamide experience. In: Recent

Advances in Nervous System Toxicology (eds. Galli, C.L., Manzo, L. and Spencer, P.S.), Plenum, New York, 1988, pp 163-176.

78. Kisby, G.E., Roy, D.N. and Spencer, P.S. A sensitive HPLC method for detection of β−N-oxalylamino-L-alanine in

Lathyrus sativus and animal tissue. In: The Grass Pea: Threat and Promise (ed. Spencer, P.S.), Third World Medical Research Foundation, New York, 1989, pp 133-138.

P.S. Spencer

79. Ross, S.M. and Spencer, P.S. β-N-Oxalylamino-L-alanine: Potential mechanisms of neurotoxicity. In: The Grass Pea: Threat and Promise (ed. Spencer, P.S.), Third World Medical Research Foundation, New York, 1989,

pp 97-108. 80. Roy, D.N., Kisby, G.E., Robertson, R.C. and Spencer, P.S. Toxicology of Lathyrus sativus and the neurotoxin

BOAA. In: The Grass Pea: Threat and Promise (ed. Spencer, P.S.), Third World Medical Research Foundation, New York, 1989, pp 76-85. 81. Roy, D.N. and Spencer, P.S. Lathyrogens. In: Toxicants of Plant Origin, Vol. III, Proteins and Amino Acids (ed.

Cheeke, P.R.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1989, pp 169-201. 82. Spencer, P.S. and Dastur, D.K. Neurolathyrism and neurocycadism. In: Neurological Sciences: An overview of

current problems. Section VI. Tropical Neurology and Neurotoxicology (eds. Dastur, D.K., Shahani, M. and Bharucha, E.P.), Interprint, New Delhi, 1989, pp 309-318.

83. Spencer, P.S. Western Pacific ALS-parkinsonism-dementia: A model of neuronal aging triggered by environmental

toxins. In: Aging, Vol. 36, Parkinsonism and Aging (eds. Calne, D.B., Comi, G., Crippa, D., Horowski, R. and Trabucchi, M.), Raven Press, New York, 1989, pp 133-144.

84. Allen, C.N., Ross, S.M. and Spencer, P.S. Properties of the neurotoxic nonprotein amino acids β-N-methylamino-L-

alanine (BMAA) and β-N-oxalylamino-L-alanine (BOAA). In: ALS. New Advances in Toxicology and Epidemiology (eds. Rose, F.C. and Norris, F.H.), Smith-Gordon, London, 1990, pp 41-48.

85. Hugon, J., Ludolph, A.C., Giménez-Roldán, S., Hague, A. and Spencer, P.S. Electrophysiological evaluation of

human lathyrism: Results in Bangladesh and Spain. In: ALS. New Advances in Toxicology and Epidemiology (eds. Rose, F.C. and Norris, F.H.), Smith-Gordon, London, 1990, pp 49-56.

86. Kisby, G.E. and Spencer, P.S. Neurotoxic amino acids from the cycad carcinogen methylazoxymethanol. In: ALS.

New Advances in Toxicology and Epidemiology (eds. Rose, F.C. and Norris, F.H.), Smith-Gordon, London, 1990, pp 35-39.

87. Palmer, V.S. and Spencer, P.S. Health & epidemics in Africa: Lessons from environmentally triggered paralysis. In:

Agenda for Action: African-Soviet-U.S. Cooperation (eds. Gromyko, A.A. and Whitaker, C.S.), Lynne Rienner, Boulder, 1990, pp 161-166.

88. Spencer, P.S. Are neurotoxins driving us crazy? Planetary observations on the causes of neurodegenerative diseases

of old age. In: Behavioral Measures of Neurotoxicity (eds. Russell, R.W., Flattau, P.E. and Pope, A.M.), National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 1990, pp 11-36.

89. Spencer, P.S. Etiology of Alzheimer's Disease: A Western Pacific view. In: Advances in Neurology, Vol. 51:

Alzheimer's Disease (eds. Wurtman, R., Corkin, S., Growdon, J.H. and Ritter-Walker, E.), Raven Press, New York, 1990, pp 79-82.

90. Spencer, P.S. Linking cycad to the etiology of Western Pacific amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In: ALS. New

Advances in Toxicology and Epidemiology (eds. Rose, F.C. and Norris, F.H.), Smith-Gordon, London, 1990, pp 29-34. 91. Spencer, P.S. Neurotoxicological vaticinations (The Hänninen Lecture). In: Advances in Neurobehavioral

Toxicology: Applications in Environmental and Occupational Health (ed. Johnson, B.L.; assoc. eds. Anger, W.K., Durao, A. and Xintaras, C.), Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, 1990, pp 13-25.

92. Spencer, P.S. Structural and functional basis for neurotoxicity. In: Basic Science in Toxicology, (eds. Volans, G.N.,

Sims, J., Sullivan, F.M. and Turner, P.), V International Congress of Toxicology, Taylor & Francis, London, 1990, pp 46-56.

93. Spencer, P.S., Ross, S.M., Kisby, G. and Roy, D.N. Western Pacific amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Putative role of

cycad toxins. In: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Concepts in Pathogenesis and Etiology (ed. Hudson, A.J.), University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 1990, pp 263-295.

P.S. Spencer

94. Spencer, P.S. and Zimmerman, E.A. Metabolic disorders and neurotoxicology: Editorial overview. Current Opinion

in Neurology & Neurosurgery 3:401-402, 1990. 95. Spencer, P.S. Chemical time bombs: Environmental causes of neurodegenerative diseases. In: Behavioral Measures

of Neurotoxicity, (eds. Russell, R.W., Ebert Flattau, P. and Pope, A.M.), National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 1990, pp 268-311.

96. Spencer, P.S., Allen, C.N., Kisby, G.E., Ludolph, A.C., Ross, S.M. and Roy, D.N. Lathyrism and Western Pacific

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Etiology of short and long latency motor system disorders. In: Advances in Neurology, Vol. 56, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Other Motor Neuron Diseases (ed. Rowland, L.P.), Raven Press, New York, 1991, pp 287-299.

97. Spencer, P.S. and Kisby, G.E. Slow toxins and Western Pacific amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In: Handbook of

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ed. Smith, R.A.), Marcel Dekker, New York, 1992, pp 575-585. 98. Gold, B.G. and Spencer, P.S. Neurotrophic function in normal nerve and in peripheral neuropathies.

In: Neurodegeneration (ed. Gorio, A.), Raven Press, New York, 1993, pp 101-122. 99. Spencer, P.S. Neurotoxic properties of cycads: An occupational hazard for botanists. In: Proceedings of CYCAD

90, the Second International Conference on Cycad Biology (eds. Stevenson, D.W. and Norstog, K.J.), Palm & Cycad Societies of Australia Ltd., Milton, Queensland, Australia, 1993, pp 71-74.

100. Spencer, P.S., Ludolph, A.C. and Kisby, G.E. Neurologic diseases associated with use of plant components with

toxic potential. In: Neurobehavioral Methods and Effects in Occupational and Environmental Health (eds. Araki, S., Gilioli, R., Landrigan, P.J. and Yokoyama, K.), Academic Press, New York, 1994, pp 517-524.

101. Spencer, P.S. Human consumption of plant materials with neurotoxic potential. In: International Workshop on

Cassava Safety, (eds. Bokanga, M., Essers, A.J.A., Poulter, N., Rosling, H. and Tewe, O.), Acta Horticulturae 375: 1994, pp 341-348. 102. Ludolph, A.C. and Spencer, P.S. Mycotoxins and tremorogens: effects and mechanisms. In: Handbook of

Neurotoxicology, II. Effects and Mechanisms. (eds. Chang, L.S. and Dyer, R.S.), Marcel Dekker, New York, 1995, pp 591-609. 103. Spencer, P.S. and Butterfield, P. Environmental agents and Parkinson's disease. In: Etiology of Parkinson's Disease

(eds. Ellenberg, H.J. and Koller, R.), Marcel Dekker, New York, 1995, pp 319-365. 104. Spencer, P.S. Lathyrism. In: Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Part 2, Vol. 21, (eds. Vinken, P.J., Bruyn, G.W. and

Klawans, H.L.), Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, 1995, pp 1-20. 105. Ludolph, A.C. and Spencer, P.S. Toxic neuropathies and their treatment. In: Peripheral Neuropathies, Part 1

Baillière's Clinical Neurology; International Practice and Research (ed. Hartung, H.-P.), Baillière Tindall, London, 1995, pp 505-527.

106. Gold, B.G., Schnell, J.V. and Spencer, P.S. Neurotoxic Disorders. In: Atlas of Clinical Neurology, (ed. Rosenberg, R.N.), Butterworth-Heinemann, Philadelphia, 1998, pp 14.1-14.22. 107. Austin, D., McCauley, L. and Spencer, P.S. Occupational Risk for Cancer among Firefighters, including Oregon

firefighters. Center for Research on Occupational and Environmental Toxicology, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, 1998, pp. 1-30.

108. Sabri, M.I. and Spencer, P.S. Neurotoxins, Neurotoxicology. In: Encyclopedia for Neuroscience, 2nd edition,

(eds. Adelman, H. and Smith, B.H.), Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, 1999, pp. 1457-1462. 109. Sabri, M.I., Spencer, P.S., Baggia, S. and Ludolph, A.C. Clinical manifestations and mechanisms of action of

environmental mitochondrial toxins. In: Mitochondrial Inhibitors and Neurodegenerative Disorders (eds. Sanberg, P.R., Nishino, H. and Borlongan, C.V.), Humana Press, New Jersey, 2000, pp. 3-19.

P.S. Spencer

110. Spencer, P.S. Biological principles of chemical neurotoxicity. In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology, 2nd edition (eds. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, pp 3-54. 111. Frank, A.F., Blythe L.L. and Spencer, P.S. Aspects of veterinary neurotoxicology. In: Experimental and Clinical

Neurotoxicology, 2nd edition (eds. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, pp 83-105.

112. Spencer, P.S. Acetyl ethyl tetramethyl tetralin. In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology, 2nd edition (eds. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, pp 112-115. 113. Spencer, P.S. Aconitine. In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology, 2nd edition (eds. Spencer, P.S. and

Schaumburg, H.H.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, pp 122-123. 114. Spencer, P.S. Agaritine. In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology, 2nd edition (eds. Spencer, P.S. and

Schaumburg, H.H.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, p 136. 115. Spencer, P.S. Aluminum and its compounds. In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology, 2nd edition (eds. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, pp 142-150. 116. Spencer, P.S. 1-Amino-3-chloro-2-propanol hydrochloride. In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology, 2nd edition (eds. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, p 156. 117. Spencer, P.S. Anisatin. In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology, 2nd edition (eds. Spencer, P.S. and

Schaumburg, H.H.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, p 199. 118. Spencer, P.S. 1-Aryl-3,3,-dialkyltriazenes. In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology, 2nd edition (eds. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, p 207. 119. Spencer, P.S. Batrachotoxin and related compounds. In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology, 2nd edition

(eds. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, pp 226-227. 120. Spencer, P.S. Benzalkonium chloride. In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology, 2nd edition (eds. Spencer, P.S.

and Schaumburg, H.H.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, p 227. 121. Spencer, P.S. 6-tert-Butyl-3-methyl-2,4-dinitroanisole. In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology, 2nd edition

(eds. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, pp 268-270. 122. Spencer, P.S. Butyrolactones. In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology, 2nd edition (eds. Spencer, P.S. and

Schaumburg, H.H.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, p 270. 123. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H. Chlorinated cyclodienes. In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology, 2nd edition (eds. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, pp 364-370. 124. Spencer, P.S. 6-Chloro-6-deoxyglucose. In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology, 2nd edition (eds. Spencer,

P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, pp 371-372. 125. Ludolph, A.C. and Spencer, P.S. Clupeotoxin. In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology, 2nd edition (eds. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, p 406. 126. Ludolph, A.C. and Spencer, P.S. Conium maculatum. In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology, 2nd edition

(eds. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, pp 415-416. 127. Tor-Agbidye, J. and Spencer, P.S. Cyanides and related compounds. In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology,

2nd edition (eds. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, pp 428-435. 128. Spencer, P.S., Kisby, G.E., Palmer, V.S., Obendorf, P. Cycasin, methylazoxymethanol and related compounds.

P.S. Spencer

In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology, 2nd edition (eds. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, pp 436-446.

129. Spencer, P.S. Dichloroacetic acid. In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology, 2nd edition (eds. Spencer, P.S.

and Schaumburg, H.H.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, pp 474-476. 130. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H. Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and derivatives. In: Experimental and

Clinical Neurotoxicology, 2nd edition (eds. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, pp 478-483.

131. Spencer, P.S. Diethylbenzene. In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology, 2nd edition (eds. Spencer, P.S. and

Schaumburg, H.H.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, pp 490-492. 132. Spencer, P.S. N,N’-Diethyl-m-toluamide and other dialkylamides. In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology,

2nd edition (eds. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, pp 492-496. 133. Spencer, P.S. Dimethyl sulfate. In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology, 2nd edition (eds. Spencer, P.S. and

Schaumburg, H.H.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, pp 502-503. 134. Spencer, P.S. Diphenyl. In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology, 2nd edition (eds. Spencer, P.S. and

Schaumburg, H.H.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, pp 503-504. 135. Spencer, P.S. Doxorubicin and related anthracyclines. In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology, 2nd edition

(eds. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, pp 529-533. 136. Spencer, P.S. Ethambutol. In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology, 2nd edition (eds. Spencer, P.S. and

Schaumburg, H.H.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, pp 539-541. 137. Spencer, P.S. Ethidium bromide. In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology, 2nd edition (eds. Spencer, P.S. and

Schaumburg, H.H.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, pp 558-560. 138. Spencer, P.S. Ethylcholine aziridinium. In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology, 2nd edition (eds. Spencer,

P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, pp 561-562. 139. Spencer, P.S. Holothurins and holotoxins. In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology, 2nd edition (eds. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, pp 649-650. 140. Spencer, P.S. β-Hydroxytoluene. In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology, 2nd edition (eds. Spencer, P.S. and

Schaumburg, H.H.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, pp 667-668. 141. Spencer, P.S. Hypoglycine. In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology, 2nd edition (eds. Spencer, P.S. and

Schaumburg, H.H.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, pp 669-672. 142. Ludolph, A.C. and Spencer, P.S. Iodoacetate. In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology, 2nd edition (eds. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, p 684. 143. Spencer, P.S. 3-Mercaptopropionic acid. In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology, 2nd edition (eds. Spencer,

P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, pp 762-763. 144. Spencer, P.S. Methyl chloride. In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology, 2nd edition (eds. Spencer, P.S. and

Schaumburg, H.H.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, pp 796-798. 145. Spencer, P.S. 3,3'-Methyliminobis(N-methylproplyamine). In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology, 2nd edition (eds. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, p 807. 146. Spencer, P.S. Methyl iodide. In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology, 2nd edition (eds. Spencer, P.S. and

Schaumburg, H.H.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, pp 807-809.

P.S. Spencer

147. Spencer, P.S., Daniels J.L. and Kisby, G.E. Mustard warfare agents and related substances. In: Experimental and

Clinical Neurotoxicology, 2nd edition (eds. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, pp 837-848.

148. Ludolph, A.C. and Spencer, P.S. Noxiustoxin. In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology, 2nd edition (eds. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, pp 889-890. 149. Ludolph, A.C. and Spencer, P.S. Ochratoxins, In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology, 2nd edition (eds. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, pp 891-892. 150. Spencer, P.S. Okadaic acid. In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology, 2nd edition (eds. Spencer, P.S. and

Schaumburg, H.H.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, pp 892-894. 151. Schaumburg, H.H. and Spencer, P.S. Organic solvent mixtures. In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology, 2nd edition (eds. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, pp 894-897. 152. Hugon, J., Ludolph, A.C. and Spencer, P.S. β-N-Oxalylamino-L-alanine. In: Experimental and Clinical

Neurotoxicology, 2nd edition (eds. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, pp 926-938.

153. Ludolph, A.C. and Spencer, P.S. Oxotremorine. In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology, 2nd edition (eds. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, p 939. 154. Spencer, P.S. Oxybate. In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology, 2nd edition (eds. Spencer, P.S. and

Schaumburg, H.H.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, p 939. 155. Ludolph, A.C. and Spencer, P.S. Pandinus imperator toxin. In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology, 2nd edition (eds. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, p 942. 156. Ludolph, A.C. and Spencer, P.S. Penitrems and other tremorgens. In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology,

2nd edition (eds. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, pp 951-963. 157. Spencer, P.S. Pennyroyal oil. In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology, 2nd edition (eds. Spencer, P.S. and

Schaumburg, H.H.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, p 964. 158. Spencer, P.S. 2,4-Pentanedione. In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology, 2nd edition (eds. Spencer, P.S. and

Schaumburg, H.H.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, p 966. 159. Ludolph, A.C. and Spencer, P.S. Picrotoxin. In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology, 2nd edition (eds. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, p 1004. 160. Ludolph, A.C. and Spencer, P.S. α−Plectreurys toxin. In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology, 2nd edition

(eds. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, pp 1007-1008. 161. Spencer, P.S. n-Propanol. In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology, 2nd edition (eds. Spencer, P.S. and

Schaumburg, H.H.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, p 1019. 162. Ludolph, A.C. and Spencer, P.S. Pteridium aquilinum. In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology, 2nd edition

(eds. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, pp 1027-1028. 163. Ludolph, A.C. and Spencer, P.S. Pyriminil. In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology, 2nd edition (eds. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, pp 1048-1049. 164. Spencer, P.S. 3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate. In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology, 2nd edition (eds. Spencer,

P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, pp 1058-1063.

P.S. Spencer

165. Schaumburg, H.H. and Spencer, P.S. Ricin. In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology, 2nd edition (eds. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, pp 1068-1069. 166. Spencer, P.S., Wilson, B.W. and Albuquerque, E.X. Sarin, other "nerve agents," and their antidotes. In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology, 2nd edition (eds. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H.), Oxford

University Press, New York, 2000, pp 1073-1092. 167. Ludolph, A.C. and Spencer, P.S. Scombroid fish (histamine). In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology, 2nd edition (eds. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, p 1096. 168. Ludolph, A.C. and Spencer, P.S. Scorpion toxins (α and β). In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology, 2nd edition (eds. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, pp 1097-1098. 169. Ludolph, A.C. and Spencer, P.S. Shiga toxin. In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology, 2nd edition (eds. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, p 1103. 170. Ludolph, A.C. and Spencer, P.S. Stichodactyla spp. In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology, 2nd edition (eds. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, p 1111. 171. Ludolph, A.C. and Spencer, P.S. Stonefish venom. In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology, 2nd edition (eds. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, pp 1112-1113. 172. Ludolph A.C. and Spencer, P.S. Taicatoxin. In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology, 2nd edition (eds. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, p 1133. 173. Spencer, P.S. Thalicarpine. In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology, 2nd edition (eds. Spencer, P.S. and

Schaumburg, H.H.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, p 1164. 174. Ludolph, A.C. and Spencer, P.S. Tityustoxin. In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology, 2nd edition (eds. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, p 1182. 175. Spencer, P.S. Toxaphene and constituents. In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology, 2nd edition (eds. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, pp 1192-1193. 176. Spencer, P.S. Vinyl chloride. In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology, 2nd edition (eds. Spencer, P.S. and

Schaumburg, H.H.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, pp 1236-1238. 177. Roy, D.N. and Spencer, P.S. Yellow Star thistle. In: Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology, 2nd edition (eds. Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, pp 1244-1245. 178. Obendorf, P. and Spencer, P.S. Medicinal use of Cycads (Cycas spp.) in New Guinea and Neighbouring Islands in

Perspectives of Human Biology, Vol. 5 (ed. James Chisholm), World Scientific Pub. Co., London, 2000, pp 31-41. 179. Schaumburg, H.H. and Spencer, P.S. Classification of neurotoxic responses based on vulnerability of cellular sites.

In: Neurologic Clinics (eds. Albers, J. and Berent S.), W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, 2000, pp 517-524. 180. Spencer, P.S. Mechanisms of selective toxicity in neurodegenerative disorders. In: Neurotoxic Factors in

Parkinson’s Disease and Related Disorders (eds. Storch, A. and Collins, M.A.), Marcel Dekker, New York, 2001, pp 1-16.

181. Spencer, P.S. and Berman, F. Plant toxins and human health. In: Food Safety: Contaminants and Toxins (ed.

D’Mello, J.P.F.), Oxford University Press, CABI Publishing, 2003, pp 1-23. 182. Spencer P.S., Palmer V.S. and Tshala-Katumbay D.D. Food safety of Grasspea and cassava, environmentally

tolerant food plants with neurotoxic potential. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Grasspea as a Food/Feed Crop, ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria, November 22-25, 2004.

P.S. Spencer

183. Spencer, P.S. and Lein, P.J. Neurotoxicity. In: Encyclopedia of Toxicology, 2nd edition, vol. 3 (ed. Wexler, P.). Elsevier, Oxford, 2005, pp 206-218.

184. Yan Z-Y., Spencer, P.S., Li, Z-X., Liang Y-L., Wang Y-F., Wang C-Y. and Li F-M. Lathyrus sativus (grass pea) and

its neurotoxin ODAP. Phytochemistry 67:107-121, 2006. 185. Tshala-Katumbay, D.D. and Spencer, P.S. Toxic disorders of the upper motor neuron system. In: Handbook of

Clinical Neurology: Motor Neuron Disorders and Related Diseases, Volume 82 (eds. Eisen, A. and Shaw, P). Elsevier, Edinburgh, 2007, pp 353-372.

186. Magnuson BA, Burdock GA, Doull J, Kroes RM, Marsh GM, Pariza MW, Spencer PS, Waddell WJ, Walker R,

Williams GM. Aspartame: a safety evaluation based on current use levels, regulations, and toxicological and epidemiological studies. Critical Reviews in Toxicology 37:629-727, 2007.

187. Eaton, D.D., Daroff, R.B., Autrup, A., Bridges, J., Buffler, P. Costa, L.G., Coyle, J., McKhann, G., Mobley, W.C.,

Nadel, L., Neubert, D., Schulte-Hermann, R., Spencer, P.S. Review of the toxicology of chlorpyrifos with an emphasis on human exposure and neurodevelopment. Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 38:suppl. 2:1.125, 2008. http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all?content=10.1080/10408440802272158

188. Prockop, L.D., Brock, C. and Spencer, P.S. Neurotoxic disorders. In: Atlas of Clinical Neurology, 3rd edition (ed.

Rosenberg, R.N.). Springer, Philadelphia, 2008, pp 543-564. 189. Spencer, P.S. In Neurotoxic Disorders, in Atlas of Clinical Neurology, Rosenberg, R. ed., 3rd ed., Springer,

Philadelphia, 2009, 543-64. 190. Kisby, G.E., Moore, H., and Spencer, P.S. Animal models of brain maldevelopment induced by cycad plant

genotoxins. Birth Defects Research Part C: Embryo Today. Birth Defects Res C Embryo Today. 2013 Dec;99(4):247-55. doi: 10.1002/bdrc.21052.

191. Spencer, P.S., Gardner, E., Palmer, V.S. and Kisby, G.E. Environmental neurotoxins linked to a prototypical

neurodegenerative disease. In Aschner M., Costa L., eds, Environmental Factors in Neurodevelopment and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Elsevier, 2015, pp. 212-237.

192. Reis, J. and Spencer, P.S. Lathyrism. In Chopra, J., ed. Neurology in the Tropics, in press (2015). 193. Reis, J., Spencer, P.S. and Preux, P-M. Climate change: What neurologists should know. In Chopra, J., ed. Neurology

in the Tropics, in press (2015). Participation in Group Documents 1. National Academy of Sciences Board on Toxicology and Environmental Health Hazards • Possible Long-Term Health Effects of Short-Term Exposure to Chemical Agents; Volume 1; Anticholinesterases and Anticholinergics. June 1982. [Addressed nerve agents, specifically] • An Assessment of the Health Risks of Morpholine and Diethylaminoethanol. August 1983 • Possible Long-Term Health Effects of Short-Term Exposure to Chemical Agents; Volume 2; Cholinesterase Reactivators, Psychochemicals, and Irritants and Vesicants. 1984 • Guidelines for Health Surveillance in the NASA Workplace. February 1984 • Emergency and Continuous Exposure Limits for Selected Airborne Contaminants; Volume 1. April 1984 • Emergency and Continuous Exposure Limits for Selected Airborne Contaminants; Volume 2. October 1984 • Emergency and Continuous Exposure Limits for Selected Airborne Contaminants; Volume 3. Bromotrifluoromethane. October 1984 • Epidemiology and Air Pollution, 1985 • Drinking Water and Health; Volume 6, 1986 • Aging in Today's Environment, 1987 • Neurotoxicology and Models for Assessing Risk, 1991 • Review of Department of Defense Research Program on Low-Level Exposures to Chemical Warfare Agents, 2005

P.S. Spencer

• Committee on Emerging Issues and Data on Environmental Contaminants, 2007 2. World Health Organization/International Program for Chemical Safety • Environmental Health Criteria 60: Principles and Methods for the Assessment of Neurotoxicity Associated with Exposure to Chemicals, 1986. 3. Congress of the United States, Office of Technology Assessment • Neurotoxicity: Identifying and Controlling Poisons of the Nervous System. New Developments in Neuroscience, 1990. • Neural Grafting: Repairing the Brain and Spinal Cord. New Developments in Neuroscience, 1990. • Biological Rhythms. New Developments in Neuroscience, 1991. • The Biology of Mental Disorders. New Developments in Neuroscience, 1992 4. Parkinson's Epidemiology Research Committee • Does a Long Preclinical Period Occur in Parkinson's Disease? Neurology 41 (Suppl. 2):8-13, 1991. 5. National Academy of Sciences Institute of Medicine Committee on a National Research Agenda on Aging/Liaison Team - Basic Biomedical Research • Extending Life, Enhancing Life: A National Research Agenda on Aging. 1991. 6. Committee on Soviet-U.S. Cooperation for Africa • Agenda for Action: African-Soviet-US Cooperation (eds. Gromyko, A.A., Whitaker, C.S.), Lynne Rienner, Boulder, 1990. • Cooperation for Development: Africa, the Soviet Union and the United States, Novosti, Moscow, 1991. 7. Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurology • Neurology in the 1990s. Intensive Review and Update, 1990. 8. National Research Council, Committee on Neurotoxicology and Models for Assessing Risk • Environmental Neurotoxicology, 1992. 9. Portland Environmental Hazards Research Center • Binder, L.M., Storzbach, D., Anger, A.K., Campbell, K.A., Rohlman, D.A. and other Members of the Portland Environmental Hazards Research Center. Subjective cognitive complaints, affective distress and objective cognitive performance in Persian Gulf War veterans. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 14:531-536, 1999.

• McCauley, L.A., Joos, S.K., Spencer, P.S., Lasarev, M. Shuell, T. and Members of the Portland Environmental Hazards Research Center. Strategies to assess validity of self-reported exposures during the Persian Gulf War. Environmental Research Section 81:195-205, 1999. • McCauley, L.A., Joos, S.K., Lasarev, M.R., Storzbach, D., Bourdette, D.N. and members of the Portland Environmental Hazards Research Center (PEHRC). Gulf War unexplained illness: persistence and unexplained nature of self-reported symptoms. Environmental Research 81:215-23, 1999. • Storzbach, D., Campbell, K., Anger, W.K., Binder, L.M., Rohlman, D., McCauley, L.A., and members of the Portland Environmental Hazards Research Center (PEHRC). Psychological differences between veterans with and without Gulf War unexplained symptoms. Psychosomatic Medicine 62:726-735, 2000. • Storzbach, D., Rohlman, D., Anger, W.K., Binder, L.M., Campbell, K. and members of the Portland Environmental Hazards Research Center (PEHRC). Neurobehavioral deficits in Persian Gulf veterans: Further evidence from a population-based study. Environmental Research 85:1-13, 2001. • Binder, L.M., Storzbach, D., Campbell, K.A., Rohlman, D.S., Anger, W.K. and members of the Portland Environmental Hazards Research Center (PEHRC). Neurobehavioral deficits associated with chronic fatigue syndrome in veterans with Gulf War illnesses. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 7:835-839, 2001. 10. Center for Research on Occupational and Environmental Toxicology (CROET), Oregon Health Sciences University • Austin, D., McCauley, L.A. and Spencer, P.S. Occupational risk for cancer among firefighters, including Oregon firefighters. CROET, Portland, September 1998.

P.S. Spencer

• Austin, D., McCauley, L.A., Rischitelli, R. and Sabri, M. Occupational risk for cancer among Oregon firefighters. Research recommendations. CROET, Portland, December 1998. [Served as senior scientific reviewer]. • Rischitelli, G., Harris, J. and McCauley, L.A. A Systematic Review of the Literature Regarding the Risk of Occupational Transmission of Hepatitis B and C in Public Safety Workers. CROET, Portland, January 2000. [Served as senior scientific reviewer].

12/15/15 CURRICULUM VITAE - American Law Society · 2003-2007 Member, National Advisory...

Documents

Transcript of 12/15/15 CURRICULUM VITAE - American Law Society · 2003-2007 Member, National Advisory...