12. appendices

APPENDICES

Material

Machines

32

Particle come out with different sizes by using screening machine wood species is oil palm particle sizes as a parameter:

- 1.0 mm- 2.0 mm

resin that use in producing the particleboard is phenol formaldehyde. using different concentration as a parameter:

- 7%- 9%-11%

CHIPPER to chip large pieces of wood

FLAKER for cutting into desired sizes flakes from chips as well as sliced bamboo and crushed veneerSCREENINGscreening the flake into differences size

33

OVENfor reducing the moisture content of flake

BALANCE balancing weight of PF and also balancing weight of particle

PARTICLEBOARD MIXERfor mixing the particle with resin

COLD PRESSfor reducing the thickness of particle board and consolidate the resin

HOT PRESSfor heating and curing the resin

Process

34

ARM SAWfor trimming the edge of particle board

TABLE SAWTo cut the particleboard for testing

INSTRON (TESTING MACHINE)For test the bending and internal bonding

Oil palm tree

Frond cleaning process

Oil palm frond

Chipping process

Wood chipFlaking process

35

Wood flakes

screening process

Particle base on

sizes

Oven dryweighing process

Weight the resin

Mixing process

Matt forming process

Cold press

Hot pressparticleboa

rdTrimming

process

36

Marking for testing

Cutting for testing

Measure the width

Weight the particleboa

rd

Measure the length

Thickness swelling testing

Bending testing

Internal Bonding testing

Thickness Swelling testing

Testing

Bending Testing

Particle board with size 1.0mm and 7% phenol formaldehyde

SampleWidth

(mm)

Thickness

(mm)

Length

(mm)

Weight

(g)

Density

(Kg/m³)

MOR

(mPa)

MOE

(mPa)

A12 50.42 12.41 329.92 97.06 470.17 9.30 1351.28

A22 49.61 12.34 329.71 104.92 519.81 11.74 1662.50

A32 50.28 12.22 330.20 112.15 552.78 9.31 1508.83

A23 50.11 12.96 329.85 111.39 520.00 8.72 1319.70

A33 50.53 12.69 328.68 116.73 553.86 11.02 1462.61


SampleWidth

(mm)

Thickness

(mm)

Length

(mm)

Weight

(g)

Density

(Kg/m³)

MOR

(mPa)

MOE

(mPa)

B31 50.13 12.12 334.54 109.61 539.26 9.15 1414.49

B12 50.00 12.30 334.34 106.30 516.98 11.11 1604.83

B22 49.87 12.19 334.34 120.55 593.11 15.60 2046.39

B32 49.81 12.24 330.78 112.35 557.10 13.65 1857.85

B13 49.94 12.35 327.58 100.15 495.70 11.54 1686.00


SampleWidth

(mm)

Thickness

(mm)

Length

(mm)

Weight

(g)

Density

(Kg/m³)

MOR

(mPa)

MOE

(mPa)

C21 49.95 12.03 329.40 116.11 586.60 18.28 2338.03

C31 49.91 12.06 329.39 124.44 627.65 20.14 2785.34

C12 50.30 12.24 336.55 105.52 509.26 13.96 1817.18

C23 50.03 11.97 333.15 116.59 584.38 15.24 2195.21

C33 50.01 12.09 334.24 126.16 624.28 19.56 2396.40

37


SampleWidth

(mm)

Thickness

(mm)

Length

(mm)

Weight

(g)

Density

(Kg/m³)

MOR

(mPa)

MOE

(mPa)

D11 50.21 12.43 312.40 100.60 515.97 9.03 1547.24

D12 50.67 12.56 326.52 109.39 526.41 11.39 1694.41

D22 50.27 12.81 325.87 114.64 546.30 11.54 1686.76

D23 49.93 12.27 322.72 110.22 557.48 10.35 1583.07

D33 49.93 12.14 326.29 116.08 586.91 12.26 1823.46


SampleWidth

(mm)

Thickness

(mm)

Length

(mm)

Weight

(g)

Density

(Kg/m³)

MOR

(mPa)

MOE

(mPa)

E11 49.58 12.23 277.26 110.76 658.81 11.66 1657.07

E21 49.57 12.27 275.61 114.15 680.95 10.75 1777.00

E32 50.04 12.12 325.78 110.63 559.92 14.19 1836.78

E23 50.00 12.03 332.51 109.74 548.69 13.10 1744.74

E33 49.97 12.07 331.75 113.10 565.24 13.29 1841.16


SampleWidth

(mm)

Thickness

(mm)

Length

(mm)

Weight

(g)

Density

(Kg/m³)

MOR

(mPa)

MOE

(mPa)

F21 50.45 12.24 333.51 116.43 565.34 17.37 2297.58

F31 50.14 12.03 332.84 126.80 631.59 20.47 2906.18

F32 49.52 12.15 337.08 129.70 639.51 16.56 2196.79

F23 50.36 12.06 329.21 118.44 592.37 17.90 2455.66

F33 50.02 12.03 329.46 123.64 623.66 19.59 2683.58

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Internal Bonding Testing


SampleWeight

(g)

Length

(mm)

Thickness

(mm)

Width

(mm)

Density

(Kg/m³)

IB

(mPa)

A12 17.26 50.54 12.26 50.59 550.46 1.38

A22 16.60 50.03 12.17 50.65 538.41 1.16

A42 15.90 50.46 12.39 50.68 501.69 0.99

A52 15.62 50.64 12.27 50.63 496.39 1.07

A62 17.74 50.61 12.39 50.45 560.86 1.45

A72 17.42 50.61 12.46 50.58 546.19 1.26

A33 17.28 50.52 12.36 50.61 546.64 0.95

A53 18.91 50.38 12.34 49.80 610.72 0.90

A63 19.17 50.48 12.56 50.47 599.17 0.90

Mean 17.32 50.47 12.36 50.50 550.06 1.12


SampleWeight

(g)

Length

(mm)

Thickness

(mm)

Width

(mm)

Density

(Kg/m³)

IB

(mPa)

B31 16.41 49.80 12.14 49.84 544.61 1.02

B71 16.46 50.37 12.25 50.17 531.58 1.12

B12 16.93 50.36 12.47 50.35 535.37 1.13

B32 18.42 48.87 12.23 50.18 614.01 1.46

B52 15.49 50.47 12.24 50.40 497.35 1.05

B23 19.42 50.01 12.16 50.48 632.45 1.49

B43 17.69 50.19 12.29 50.28 570.22 1.49

B53 16.59 50.24 12.18 50.13 540.75 1.22

B73 18.75 50.33 12.14 50.20 611.33 1.51

Mean 17.35 50.07 12.23 50.23 564.19 1.28

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Particle board with size 1.0mm and 11% phenol formaldehyde PF

SampleWeight

(g)

Length

(mm)

Thickness

(mm)

Width

(mm)

Density

(Kg/m³)

IB

(mPa)

C21 20.63 50.46 11.97 50.44 677.02 2.04

C31 20.00 50.54 11.97 50.03 660.67 2.02

C51 18.10 50.22 12.08 50.28 593.23 1.75

C71 21.06 50.34 12.07 50.55 685.61 2.14

C2'2 19.49 50.56 12.38 50.53 616.35 1.95

C32 18.99 49.68 12.04 50.51 628.42 2.06

C3'2 22.26 22.26 50.40 12.37 1603.98 1.69

C23 19.33 50.29 11.89 50.63 638.47 1.93

C53 19.33 50.65 12.01 50.77 625.77 2.18

Mean 19.91 47.22 16.31 46.23 747.72 1.97

Particle board with 2.0mm and 7% phenol formaldehyde

SampleWeight

(g)

Length

(mm)

Thickness

(mm)

Width

(mm)

Density

(Kg/m³

)

IB

(mPa)

D31 19.79 50.59 12.23 50.15 637.90 0.82

D61 15.89 50.45 12.36 49.95 510.26 0.76

D71 17.959 50.53 12.32 50.58 570.35 0.53

D22 19.67 50.71 12.13 49.94 640.26 0.72

D42 17.77 50.62 12.29 50.41 566.56 0.56

D62 18.83 50.57 12.16 50.44 606.92 0.56

D13 18.70 51.13 12.18 50.61 593.31 0.74

D2'3 18.211 50.51 12.86 50.31 557.26 0.49

D4'3 20.22 49.85 12.56 50.61 638.10 0.79

Mean 18.56 50.55 12.34 50.33 591.21 0.66

40

Particle board with 2.0mm and 9% phenol formaldehyde.

SampleWeight

(g)

Length

(mm)

Thickness

(mm)

Width

(mm)

Density

(Kg/m³

)

IB

(mPa)

E31 17.64 49.37 12.32 50.26 577.00 0.57

E1'2 19.23 50.39 12.42 50.50 608.51 0.88

E2'2 19.51 50.56 12.41 49.70 625.67 0.46

E3'2 17.89 50.52 12.45 49.43 575.42 0.97

E52 18.37 50.50 12.04 50.62 596.69 0.62

E13 15.87 50.46 12.28 50.58 506.45 0.63

E23 16.51 50.95 12.04 50.92 528.55 0.78

E33 16.48 449.83 12.05 51.51 59.01 0.59

E43 16.96 50.33 12.21 50.53 546.18 0.87

E53 17.20 50.53 12.02 50.43 561.61 0.58

Mean 17.57 90.34 12.22 50.45 518.51 0.70


SampleWeight

(g)

Length

(mm)

Thickness

(mm)

Width

(mm)

Density

(Kg/m³

)

IB

(mPa)

F21 20.48 50.56 12.00 49.88 676.86 1.44

F31 20.03 50.32 11.91 50.09 667.20 1.20

F32 17.37 49.56 12.15 50.59 570.17 1.00

F62 15.10 50.15 12.30 50.51 484.58 1.19

F13 16.43 50.30 12.15 50.57 531.59 1.44

F33 19.20 49.79 12.16 50.62 626.60 1.42

F43 16.40 50.63 12.24 50.74 521.50 1.48

F53 16.93 50.53 12.04 50.42 551.89 1.56

F63 18.96 50.60 12.20 50.60 606.82 1.41

Mean 17.88 50.27 12.13 50.45 518.91 1.35

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Thickness Swelling and Water Absorption


SampleInitial

thickness(mm)

Initial

weight

(g)

Final

thickness(m

)

Final

weight

(g)

TS (%)WA

(%)

A 21 12.33 15.03 15.53 36.28 25.95 141.36

A 41 12.61 14.20 15.75 34.83 24.90 145.31

A 51 12.57 14.61 15.59 36.66 24.03 151.03

A 12 12.21 17.97 15.33 37.84 25.55 110.54

A 22 12.15 16.43 15.22 36.38 25.27 121.49

A 32 12.45 16.27 15.44 36.57 24.02 124.79

A 42 12.51 14.07 15.20 34.69 21.50 146.60

A 52 12.42 16.09 15.48 37.28 24.64 131.68

A 62 12.53 16.61 15.65 37.91 24.90 128.17

Mean 12.42 15.70 15.47 36.49 24.53 133.44

Particle board with 1.0mm and 9% phenol formaldehyde.

SampleInitial

thickness(mm)

Initial

weight

(g)

Final

thickness(mm)

Final

weight

(g)

TS

(%)

WA

(%)

B 42 12.50 12.44 15.08 33.48 20.64 169.12

B 62 12.44 15.02 15.33 36.87 23.23 145.41

B 13 12.11 19.91 14.77 37.54 21.97 88.57

B 23 11.96 19.19 14.72 36.79 23.08 91.77

B 33 12.35 17.00 14.99 35.73 21.38 110.18

B 43 12.33 16.66 15.21 35.52 23.36 113.24

B 53 12.13 18.35 14.97 36.78 23.41 100.39

B 63 12.28 15.31 14.76 35.10 20.20 129.27

B 73 12.21 16.44 14.87 36.55 21.79 122.35

Mean 12.26 16.70 14.97 36.04 22.12 118.92

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Particle board with 1.0mm and 11% phenol formaldehyde phenol formaldehyde

Sample

no

Initial

thickness(mm)

Initial

weight

(g)

Final

thickness(mm)

Final

weight

(g)

TS

(%)

WA

(%)

C 71 12.19 18.16 14.11 35.45 15.75 95.24

C 12 12.01 21.38 14.01 36.13 16.65 69.01

C 42 12.21 15.66 14.05 33.57 15.07 114.41

C 62 12.22 15.88 14.17 33.62 15.96 111.69

C 72 12.30 15.81 14.30 34.15 16.26 115.96

C 13 12.02 18.34 13.97 35.01 16.22 90.85

C 23 12.00 19.51 13.95 35.77 16.25 83.36

C 63 11.97 14.08 13.92 31.81 16.29 125.87

C 73 12.23 15.48 14.17 33.46 15.86 116.16

Mean 12.13 17.14 14.07 34.33 16.03 102.51


SampleInitial

thickness(mm)

Initial

weight

(g)

Final

thickness(mm)

Final

weight

(g)

TS

(%)

WA

(%)

F 11 12.15 18.62 14.29 36.08 17.61 93.83

F 51 12.07 16.14 14.50 35.21 20.13 118.13

F 61 12.24 14.61 14.35 34.66 17.24 137.25

F 71 12.14 17.27 14.30 35.92 17.79 108.02

F 12 12.08 19.32 14.45 36.80 19.62 90.44

F 22 12.05 15.49 14.49 34.25 20.25 121.19

F 52 12.22 18.61 14.65 36.71 19.89 97.28

F 62 12.15 15.73 14.56 35.44 19.84 125.28

F 72 12.35 16.05 14.85 36.03 20.24 124.45

Mean 12.16 16.87 14.49 35.68 19.18 112.87

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Summary result

SAMPLES MOE MOR IB TS WA

A

1.0mm

7%pf

1460.98 10.02 1.12 24.53 133.44

B

1.0mm

9%pf

1721.91 12.21 1.28 22.12 118.92

C

1.0mm

11%

2306.43 17.44 1.97 16.03 102.51

D

2.0mm

7%pf

1666.99 10.01 0.69 31.73 119.76

E

2.0mm

9%pf

1771.35 12.60 0.70 23.46 116.95

F

2.0mm

11%pf

2507.96 18.38 1.35 19.18 11.87

STANDAR

D

>2000

mPa>14m >0.45mPa <12% -

45

Particle board calculation for 7% phenol formaldehyde

1. Calculate total materials required per board

Target density = 600kg/m³

Thickness = 12mm

Length x width = 35mm x 35mm

Material required per board = Length x Width x Thickness x Density

= 35cm x 35cm x 1.2cm³ x 0.6g/cm³

= 882g (at ± 10% equivalence Moisture

Content)

=801.8g (at oven died weight)

2. Calculated resin required

Resin content = 7%

Solid content of resin = 40.2% (as given as supplier)

Amount of liquid resin required = [RS/SC x Wt. per board] + 5%

= (0.09/0.402 x 801.8) + 5%

= 146.58g

3. Calculated equivalence resin content

Equivalent resin content = Liquid resin x solid content

= 139.6 x 0.402

= 56.12g

4. Calculate oven-dried weight of wood flakes

Wood flakes (O/D wt.) = Material wt. – resin wt.

= 801.8g – 56.12g

= 745.68g

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5. Calculation air-dried weight of wood required

M.C of wood = 3%

Wood (A/D wt.) = [Wood (O/D) x (1 + MC/100)] + 5%

= 745.68 x 1.03 + 5%

= 806.45g




Thickness = 12mm



= 35cm x 35cm x 1.2cm³ x 0.6g/cm³


Content)



Resin content = 9%



= (0.09/0.402 x 801.8) + 5%

= 188.48g



= 179.51 x 0.402

= 72.16g

47



= 801.8g – 72.16g

= 729.64g


M.C of wood = 3%


= 729.64 x 1.03 + 5%

= 789.11g




Thickness = 12mm



= 35cm x 35cm x 1.2cm³ x 0.6g/cm³


Content)



Resin content = 11%



= (0.11/ 0.402 x 801.8) + 5%

= 230.37g

48



= 219.40 x 0.402

= 88.20g



= 801.8g – 88.20g

= 713.6g


M.C of wood = 3%


= 713.6 x 1.03 + 5%

= 771.76g

49

12. appendices

Technology

Transcript of 12. appendices