126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G"...
Transcript of 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G"...
![Page 1: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070916/5fb67edff2cb076cc814cdec/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
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![Page 3: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070916/5fb67edff2cb076cc814cdec/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
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1996 � 4 � 1 ������� ��!#"%$�&�')(#*#+ 5 ��,�-/.102$ 1260
�3�346587�9�:�;�</= �>��? �A@�BC0�D�EF9�GH�I�J ��K�L 1260 � L����? �3M��3N�OP�Q D�E�93GK�LR���������� ������L3S�T/U�V8�CW�X�Y </=Z�3[�E]\ Q 9 ����?�^ \_$ 8BU�V8�
W#X3YL�`�a1Wcb �Ad�ef0�g/h L3SFT%^ \ L νe i�j�k al�>LRm%nloqp 0ADΦ(νe)/ΦBP98(
8B) ≤ 1.75%(90%CL)
≤ 1.77%(95%CL)
��r�gsGH�I/J L�t�u�� $R&�'6(s* LRv��wW�XR� k W $
Φ(νe)/ΦBP98(8B) < 3.5%(95%CL) [10]
�yx%zF7Z9�{ o *�|>9�GK#L�t�u�� $ U�V�}W8X�Y�~��)� j��R��� *�|������>� ������W ���>�s����$νe → (RSFP ) → νµ → (Oscilation) → νe
p E��Rg3�%� ~���� \ Q 9�� UFV/�CWlX3YL���� �A� 9 m *����Z*�|�9#G(sg3$��Z�3� µ ���l9��� L�¡%¢£ ��¤/¥�¦ ^ \¨§©>7F9Aª%« � M ¢ $ spallation prod-
ucts ���R9l¬ v]� W ��$#�®�¯3°/± �A[FED#²�B�³l�8g pKl´ $ �����Z�Z�y >��A��Lµ�¶�· bF¸�� ¬ v�� Wº¹ { MeV »¼Z* � $�½ k a/¾ j�¿ �]À¨L + 80% Á m%~)K�L�Â�à ��s9>³ L *�|�9 p EÅÄ_Æ ~#Ç�^ �Rg#GK8L ½ k a�¾ j�¿ ��À ��Èq03ÉfʨÆ6�F���#Dl$ SFT%^ \ L νe
L�m�n8o �s��E%D P \3�Ë 0�EΦ(νe)/ΦBP98(
8B) ≤ 0.95%(90%CL)
p E�Ä t%u �Ar)g#G
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�
�1 � � 6
1.1 ��� SFT � �/b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.2U�V� W�X�Y��
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.2.1 � � �� . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.2.2 MSW � u . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.3 Resonant Spin Flavor Precession . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.4U�V� W�X�Y ���F� ���>�]W L/m�n8o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.5SFT%^ \ L νe i�j�k a8�>LRm�n8o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1.6 Resonant Spin Flavor Precession ��[FE%g S�T�U>V/�qW�X�Y����ZL���� . . 14
1.7 H���� L�� ¯ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
�2 � ��� �!�#"%$�&�' 15
2.1U�V� W�X�Y)(+*
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.2�>�8�Z� �� ����� ,%-#.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.3 /0 �1+2�3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.4���>?#4�576s�98:
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.4.1¶<; a1W>=#U�al�
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.4.2 � j ¬ �?6s��8�: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.5 @���A�B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
�3 � CDFE#G�H���IKJ�L 21
3.1 PMT M�N X#O ; ��6FPl� . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.1.1 Q%¬ � M�N X�O ; ��67Pl� . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.1.2? ¬ �%�¾ M�N X#O ; ��6FP�� . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.2 � LSR�Â9T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.2.1 U8¬ ; �WV�� ���9WX�Y�Z�e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.2.2 ���#� µ �F�9#Z/e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.3 LINAC¶�· b�¸/� M�N X[O ; ��67Pl� . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3.4 Ni-Cf¶�· bF¸�� MN X#O ; ��6FP8� . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
3.5 DT¶�· b�¸/� M�N X[O ; ��67Pl� . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
3.6 �)�#� µL�\9] 0 � ��[�E�g ¶�· b�¸R� M�N X�O ; ��6^Pl� . . . . . . . . 31
3.7 Trigger efficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
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�4 � ��������� 35
4.1 ¬ v]��W�� ; a 67Pl� . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
4.1.1 ½ ��8 k a���L N/O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
4.1.2 � � L N/O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
4.1.3X��8b ? ¬ : ¬ v�� W�� ; a�67Pl� . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
4.1.4 First Reduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
4.1.5 Spallation cut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
4.1.6 Second Reduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
4.1.7 Final Reduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
4.1.8 Reduction summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
4.2 ��� ����?��Å���#b�L ¶�· b�¸/�R�/`)afW b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
4.3 Detector simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
4.3.1 B8UFVs� WlX3Y i�jZk a�� . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
4.3.2 νe + p → e+ + n crossection and cos θ distribution . . . . . . . . . 46
4.3.3 Expected�/`�a1W b
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
4.4SFT%^ \ L?( 0 � U�V�}W8X�Y i�j�k a8��L/m�n8o . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
4.5 �®�¯ ��� ; �67Pl� ¬ v]��W L ²%Bw� . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
4.6 � ����� ¬ v6�]W ��[>E�gl½ k a%¾ j>¿ �]À����L� "!8� . . . . . . . . 60
�5 � #%$ 64
& � J�' 65
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� �
1.1 pp-chain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.2 solar neutrino spectrum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.3 Production point distribution as a function of the solar radius . . . . . . . 9
1.4 CNO-cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.1�>�8�Z� �� ����� ,%-#.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.2 PMT ���%�F7�9 �+8]� ; � N���� . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.3 20 ¬ ��� ( X 50cm)PMT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.4���>?#4�576s�98:
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.5 @���A�B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
3.1 /��^M�N X#O ; ��6FP8��L � k W � k � . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.2 /�� L �>~ � . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.3 /�� L �>~ � L h�,���� . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
3.4 TQ� k � . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
3.5 20 ¬ ��� PMTL h�, Ç < ! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.6 � LSR�Â9T Z%e L � k W � k � . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.7 ��� 420nm ������9���� p /�� L�� { . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.8 ����� L ��� ��! Ç#" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.9 � LSR�Â9T L h%, � � . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3.10 LINACL%$ � &('*) Q,+lQ L.- /�� 0 � L%0 «�1��3210�D�E�9 . . . . . . 27
3.11 LINACL
endcap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
3.12 LINACL ½ � 8 k a%4sÇ�" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
3.13 LINAC energy scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
3.14 LINAC position dependence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
3.15 Ni-Cf M�N X[O ; �67Pl�#L � k W�� k � . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
3.16 DT generator data taking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
3.17 5�66¯87 DT M�N X�O ; ��6FP8�8L�4�`�a1Wcb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
3.18 DT M�N X�O ; ��6FP8�3^ \ L ¶�· b�¸/��4�9>�lb�L%: B ��! � . . . . . . 32
3.19 DT M�N X�O ; ��6FP8�3^ \ L ¶�· b�¸/��4�9>�lb�L%; < ��! � . . . . . . 32
3.20 LE triggerL
efficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
3.21 SLEWlX>=%�
-260mV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
3.22 SLEWlX>=%�
-250mV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
3.23 SLEWlX>=%�
-222mV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
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3.24 SLEWlX>=%�
-212mV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
4.1 goodnessÇ "
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
4.2 Qres
L6 � L »%¼�������9 DL
Ç#". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
4.3 The distribution of the likelyhood for DL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
4.4 The distribution of the likelyhood for DT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
4.5 Distribution of Qres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
4.6 Qres
Llikelyhood function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
4.7 SK 1260days cos θsun distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
4.8 ��� ����?��Å���#b�L ¶�· b�¸/� 4/`)afW b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
4.9 8BU�V�CWlX�Y i%jZk a%4�L ��� o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
4.10 crossection & cos θÇ#"
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
4.11 0th order output positron energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
4.12 1st order output positron energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
4.13 �Z P3Q 9��Z 4/`)afW b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
4.14 Expected4�`�a1Wcb
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
4.15SFT%^ \ L νe i�j�k a�4>LRm�n8o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
4.16 Fitting for final sample . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
4.17 Fitting for MC sample . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
4.18 �1³ Ë 0�E m%n#o�L ¶�· bZ¸���� . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
4.19µ�¶�· bF¸�� ¬ v]��W3p ���8� µ
p3L h�,�È Ç�" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
4.204�� ; ��6FP8� ¬ v��]W_L�� � p ¶�· bZ¸�%L 4 � . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
4.21 ��� ����?��Å���#b L 4 � ; �67Pl� ¬ v]��W L�� � (DT≤100sec) . . . 55
4.22 DL �� n ��� � 7�E8��� L µ�¶%· b�¸�� ¬ v���W3p ���8� µp3L h�,�ÈÇ#"
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
4.23 SK?��lalL��Z^ \ 5m Á� L ¬ v ��W �A[>E�g µ�¶%· b�¸R� ¬ v � W�p �
�8� µp3L h%,�È Ç�" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
4.24 SK?��lalL �� ^ \ ��^ \ 5m (#* L ¬ v6�]W ��[�E�g µ>¶%· bF¸R� ¬ v��W3p ���8� µ
p3L h%,�È Ç�" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
4.25µ�¶�· bF¸�� ¬ v]��W3p ¬ v��]W_L È . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
4.26 � run �R��E%D L ���3� µL h�,#È Ç�" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
4.27¶�· b�¸R��L�� E����R9����8� µ
p µ>¶�· b�¸R� ¬ v�� W L h�,�È Ç�" 1 . 59
4.28¶�· b�¸R��L�� E����R9����8� µ
p µ>¶�· b�¸R� ¬ v�� W L h�,�È Ç�" 2 . 59
4.29¶�· b�¸R��L�� E����R9����8� µ
p µ>¶�· b�¸R� ¬ v�� W L h�,�È Ç�" 3 . 59
4.30 ��� ����?��Å���#b L 4 � ; �67Pl� ¬ v]��W L�� � (DT≤50sec) . . . 60
4.31 2.2MeVγL � �#8�Rb�=�6��sV ; ��6FP8��L�Ç#" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
4.32WRX�=>��6)�lV ; � 67Pl� ��� 08g�� L 2.2MeVγ
L � �[8F/b =�6)�lV; ��6FP��8L�Ç ". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
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1.1 ������������ �������� . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.1 Summary of spallation products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
4.2 Reduction summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
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6
�1 �
1960 ������� R.Davis ��� �������������������� ��! P3Q ��"$#&% 30 �(' [1] )�*+�,.- �/��0�1.2�"3#54�! P�Q�6 �7�8������� �:9.;�<8=�>�/?A@B��! P�Q:C �7�8������ ��D��7EF#G"�IHKJ�L �MLONP�:�����8��� �I�AQSRKT�U.V P�Q ��L�J�L W(X �IYZ�[]\6�C�^ )8_$` a �:��0�1�2 �S��b�)�c(dM�A��!�e 6 �7���f����� �S��b�"$#&g(hSJ�i j��J P�Q �Fk C WldM"ldB)8ghAJ��:��0�1�2K[�m:L��K@�X ��QSR �SU�V�T�n(o�p�".J�": C W` C )�qsr��t��A A� u/v P�Q�C �����f�S��� �wLlNyx�� ��z.{|@G}(�~O`��:�.L 6 W ,- ����0�1�2K7�w�/��)��.x�� � ;�� �I��DT�����d�) z�� �8�7�8������� T����[t� C� )�����0��7�:�$�M@ �.����� ��@B��� ��dwJ�L8WdI"ld8XI�3#ITI���FI�3��L �7a7� 6� ��.� ��dI��� 0 ���.L��@P�� |d�J�L ��a:�� ���).¡8zO 0 a:� 6 �MLsN5¢�£�n�¤�T¥ #G�:��L.J�L�W¦A§ ) 1998 � The Super-Kamiokande Collaboration 7�� I�A)8¨��/�7�A�©�S�I�.9.;�<=�>���ª�«��.¬�.®/"$# νµ �����A�©���I�]¯�°O[M±sX�dM�.L 6 )8²�`F?³H�J|´ � @ 1 ² ����A�3�S�I�AA²�L8���������Sµ/¶���a�� 6G· [2] ��¸�¹$�t�A)t�.�/I¨$k�J�º|»A[]¼ ^�C�.TS½�¾(�¿�dtL�WS�:�����8�����I��8²�L��F@�À�gF�) ���7Á ��Â�Ã��/"l#y¸.Ä7e 6 νe�A���[t�$ÅI)�c��8�/���f�����]¯:°(��� �� νe � νx �Æ�Ç�e 6 � I��!3�t� 6 ���8��S��� �S�7�8�$��L � @�i.Èl#B� 6 � ) É�@I�����©� �I� �S���70:���:�$�B[w� ���LC�Ê �.).�:��ËSa:T Ì:L�� Ê � 4.Ís�I� 6 �:Î�Ï � νeL � Ð Ï � νeR �Æ�Ç©dP)���!OÑtÒJ.L �ILlN]0.1.2@�i�Ès#P� 6 WÓ�Ô�Õ a�T�)��.���©���I���S���70��.�:�O�Ö[M�7² Ê �Kt)w�:��"l#³×.Ò.e 6 � ��Ø����A��S��� � Ù������������������Æ�Ç7e 6tÚ�Û ®$[t\Ü?Ý)/>�� q���ÞFßtà�Þ(��1 1260 á �1:�7â �Bã�ä�e 6M· /�(?³Ù����K�7���f� �I� �:9�;�<8=A>��.ª�¶A�K�²:L.��i j/e 6 W1.1 åçæéèëêçìîíðï_©á�)��/���8Â�Ù�ñ(/� �� ò.ó('�ô�¨/J�õ�ö 2K÷��:[t¸�Ä|�wø7�.L 6I· TSùú´üûú#P���L 6 W�ý7þ�ÿ��l���dPò7ó �����$[���².���/T8)���)��� F��7�$[����©dt�:õ�ö�2÷.��[I¸7e 6���� ��3? )Fc � 98.5% `8a:T pp-chain(proton-proton chain) ���:�8� 6Ù.ñF��� ���õ:öA2(÷���[M¸�e 6 WX � pp-chain �Iz��FT���« �K�:NtJ��Ka��|��� 6 W
4p → α + 2e+ + 2νe
X:X�a 2e+ T���Z�� � �G¬� "!�d���% 1MeV ��õ�ö�2÷:��[�¸�Ä©��ø�)�z�� ��d���%27MeV �8õ:ö�2(÷���[$#�².W ¦8§ )3X �SÂ.à ��Ù�ñ$��� �� 2 ² ���������A��� � ¸�Äe 6 ��)&% 1.1 ('/e$�:N�S)�¨F` "� pp-I,pp-II,pp-III � 3 â*) � (+/".� 6 W
![Page 10: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070916/5fb67edff2cb076cc814cdec/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
�1 � � 7
(1)p+p → D+e++νe
99.75%
(2)p+e-+p → D+νe
0.25%
(3)D+p → 3He+γ
(4)3He+3He →4He+2p
86%(5)3He+4He →
7Be+γ
13.8%(6) 3He+p →
4He+e++νe
∼ 0.00002%
(7) 7Be+e- →7Li+νe+(+γ)
13.78%
(8) 7Be+p →8B+γ
0.02%
(9) 7Li+p →4He+4He (10)
8B → 8Be*+e++νe4He+4He
4 He + 2νpppp-I
4 He + νpp + νBe
pp-II
4 He + νpp + νB
pp-III
4 He + νpp + νhep
% 1.1: pp-chain
![Page 11: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070916/5fb67edff2cb076cc814cdec/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
�1 � � 8
` C )sX � pp-chain ������ÿ�"s#�¸�Ä d C ��"�/�. S� )�������� ��� ��õ:ö�2K÷.���:« ���7NwJ��/L [3] �:� 6 Wp + p →2 H + e+ + νe : Eνe < 0.423MeV
p + e− + p →2 H + νe : Eνe = 1.445MeV
7Be + e− →7 Li + νe : Eνe = 0.863MeV (89.7%)
: Eνe = 0.386MeV (10.3%)
8B →8 Be ∗ +e+ + νe : Eνe <∼ 16.5MeV
3He + p →4 He + e+ + νe : Eνe < 18.78MeV
X � pp-chain "s#�¸.Äfd C ����� �A���A��)����O��fd C�Ê ��4�Í3��� 6 > �F=�ü2F[ 'fd C �8� % 1.2 a7� 6 W.>7��qK��ÞFßMà7Þ���1 ( ��« SK) ��õ�öA2(÷����A�l[�i� ���� 6 �P)���! Ú/Û J���T 8B �/���f�S��� � hep �������A���Aa7� 6 W
% 1.2: solar neutrino spectrum
` C )��7�8���A�I� �S¸�Ä�D��P�:� �I�������� ��[$'fd C �8��% 1.3 a�� 6 W�(?��L��.�(T���?����7a�)(cFdM���KL����(T��(?MÁ��F��/L! "�a8Ù�ñ$[M±|X�e · �*+�" 6 W¦�§ )�õ:ö�2K÷.��Ä�# �%$Ü? 1.5% T CNO cycle (carbon-nitrogen-oxygen cycle) ���� � 6 Ù�ñK�J: ���L 6 W(X ��Ù�ñO[ ' d C �8� % 1.4 a7� 6 W(X ��%�[I¹7�*+7" 6 �:N ) C,N,O � ¦�& e 6$��� ��Á a p [� �' d�)/�/���©� ����[M¸�Ä3��ø 6I· ��+/" 6 WX �SÙ�ñ(/�. S�A¸.Ä/e 6 �/���©� ��� �8õ:ö82(÷���T*��« �%(Ü? [3] a�� 6 W13N + p →13 C + e+ + νe : Eνe < 1.198MeV
15O + p →15 N + e+ + νe : Eνe < 1.732MeV
17F →17 O + e+ + νe : Eνe < 1.736MeV
![Page 12: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070916/5fb67edff2cb076cc814cdec/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
�1 � � 9
% 1.3: Production point distribution as a function of the solar radius
p+12C→13N+γ
13N→13C+e++νe
p+13C→14N+γ
p+14N→15O+γ
15O→15N+e++νe
p+15N→12C+α p+15N→16O+γ
p+16O→17F+γ
17F→17O+e++νe
p+17O→14N+α
∼4×10-4
�1.4: CNO-cycle
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�1 � � 10
dw"$dG)$X � CNO �"):=�2K7�� �� ¸�Äfd C �/���©� �I��TS):>��AqK��Þßwà�ÞF�w1 �õ�ö82(÷��!�8�|�/?A@�«�a�� 6 � I��!7e 6M· ��Ñ�Ò�J�L�W1.2 � ���
����� �
1998 ��) The Super-Kamiokande collaboration ��¨��7���A�©���I�M�.!K7� I� νµ →ντ (νx) ¯�°�)��(oA)��7���f� �I� ��µ�¶S���7�8¸�¹3�t� C W�ÀSg νe, νµ @M���l[]��² �i�Èl#]��)Kc�� Ê � νe ↔ νµ(ντ ) ) νe ↔ νµ(ντ ) ¯�°/� ±$k 6 W1.2.1 ������X�X�a �.� ����µ����l[ ν1,ν2 �I��´ �&)����FÁ�a �79��t� �K� ����� ��T��:« ���/N���e$X �M��Ñ�Ò 6 W
(
νe
νµ
)
=
(
cosθ sinθ
−sinθ cosθ
)(
ν1
ν2
)
≡ U
(
νe
νµ
)
X.X�a�) θ T!���Á8a � ��� �a:� 6 W` C ) νe,νµ T!���FÁ�[ ��Z�x�� ��dI�#"�$:e 6 � )���� ����µ����KTS)(
ν1(t)
ν2(t)
)
=
(
e−iE1t 0
0 e−iE2t
)(
ν1(0)
ν2(0)
)
Xt�|#w"s#&) νe → νµ % ��¯:° �!&�'KTA)P (νe → νµ) = sin22θ · sin2
(
1.27∆m2L
E
)
� ��eFX �]�/ÑtÒ 6 W(X�XIa E T8�7���f����� ��õ�ö�2/÷��A) L T�(.' t ����8��� �I��!) 6 "�)(cFdM� ∆m2 T�) ν1 � ν2 �����+* �-,�.�a7� 6 W1.2.2 MSW /10���I�l���w��TI)32���Á8-4�L8�6587�9SJ8���I�l���w�B¯�°�[G±OX]e8WSXG�.T νe � W+( :
�:Þ;���(� ) � Z0( ÁM®�Þ;���K� ) [=<?>sd���� ��@ �A�I�3�t�w�BA?CF[�±OX]e���G¬sdÖ) νµ(τ )T Z0 �?D�[E<F>�e 6 � �)E2.�(ÁAa-GIH 6-J+K �-L?MG2�N* (Ve =√
2GF Ne, GF : 9!Ow2ßPn��� .D , Ne : ��� ��D ��� ) ��� 6 "3#Ma7� 6 WlXw��#P2��Á��RQ�¤$[ �7� C "�$ §� �FTA)���« �K�:N��J 6 Wid
dt
(
νe
νµ
)
= H
(
νe
νµ
)
X.X�a#SsßG2 � �8T��AT H ' E + 12E (M2 + 2EV ) a7� 6 W�` C ) J�K � L+M�2 V TS)A¬
�# + �-5�(�Us[V*fd-W.L��V =
(
Ve 0
0 0
)
![Page 14: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070916/5fb67edff2cb076cc814cdec/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
�1 � � 11
M2 TS)M2 = U
(
m21 0
0 m22
)
U−1
� �:eKX �B�:ÑMÒ 6 W���#] A = 2EVe = 2√
2GF NeE �=4�L � ) H "$# E [ *�d Wl´ �y)2EH =
1
2(M2
1 + M22 + A)
(
1 0
0 1
)
+1
2
(
A − ∆m2cos2θ ∆m2sin2θ
∆m2sin2θ −A + ∆m2cos2θ
)
�wJ 6 W$Xt�|#w"$# "�$ § � �FT���« ���/Nt ��� Ç$��� 6 Wid
dt
(
νe
νµ
)
= 2π
(
1Le
− cos2θLv
sin2θ2Lv
sin2θ2Lv
0
)(
νe
νµ
)
Lv :4πE
∆m2
Le :4πE
A=
√2π
GF Ne(t)
X.X�a�2��FÁ � � � ����� ¦ � Ê � (A = �D ) ) νe → νµ �I¯:°�&�'KTP (νe → νµ) = sin2(2θm)sin2(
πL
Lm)
�wJ 6 W$X.X�a�)Lm = Lv
[
sin2(2θ) +
(
Lv
Le− cos2θ
)2]
−1
2
sin2(2θm) = sin2(2θ)
[
sin2(2θ) +
(
Lv
Le− cos2θ
)2]
−1
5 7����(T Lv = Le cos 2θ � Ê �F�¸.Ä©dB)���¨ ��¯:°O[w±3X�eSW�.ª���?ü)�¯�° �t¨$k�� θm T�� � �ID�� � (Ne) ����O[� �w)(� 1.1 ���:NtIÆ.Ç�e 6 W
N resonancee =
∆m2
2√
2GF Ecos(2θ)
Ne 0 � N resonancee � ∞
θm θ � π/4 � π/2
� 1.1: ��������� ��� �� ��� �
X � Q.¤�TIu/vd C 3 � ����� ��� Õ�� "l# MSW (Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein) Q¤ [4] � �:��� 6 W
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�1 � � 12
1.3 Resonant Spin Flavor Precession
@:dM���8�f�S������>��.��[MÙ � �wø 6 �/N]JA�.�70:������B[w�7² Ê ��)S� Ê ������� m(/�� S���7���f� �I� ��� � L K�� � Î�Ï kS"$#�Ð Ï k��Æl��� ¥ 6 Wid
dt
(
νL
νR
)
=
(
0 µB
µB 0
)(
νL
νR
)
X ��T�)�1 � T.T Cisneros [5] �� ��Au�l����) Okun,Voloshin, Vysotskii [6] �� ���������A�|�A�I� Q�R(I¬�e 6 U���dM�Au�l�t� C W�` C ) νL �:Át®/Þ � ��&7� 6!J�K� L�Mw2 ��� �O[� � 6 ���¬|dw�A) νR T� ��J�L�W�c � � )!2��(ÁAa7T�� ��d C MSW
Q�¤����/Nt�������������� � 6!J�K ��LFMI2��R*(��/?Ý)#5 7 9�IÐ Ï ��������������Æ�Ç7e 6 WlX�� νe � � 6�J�K �#L M�27T*�7«�����N���l��� 6 )Hνe = H(νee → νee)Ne + H(νep → νep)Np + H(νen → νen)Nn
=G√2(1 + 4sin2θ)Ne +
G√2(1 − 4sin2θ)Np − G√
2Nn
=G√2(2Ne− Nn)
À�gFS)Hνµ = − G√
2Nn
X.X�a Nx T!2��Á��D���l[ �fdB) Ne=Np [tm�L C W` C )��7�8��� �I�A��1 � ;�<S=Ix���"�����;���x��(J���"�a8)8Ð Ï ������������� �6 J�K ��LFM�2K �(L��7� 6 W(@7d]1 � ;/<S=A���8�f� �I��� Ê��� Ð Ï�� �"!�#%$ &(') 2��+* � ����,.- /10 ��2 JFK43 LFM�5 ) � /076�8 � � � (9AÆ�Ç ) : ��;�<>= �?(@�A>�id
dt
(
νeL
νR
)
=
(
G√
2(2Ne − Nn) µB
µB 0
)(
νeL
νR
)
µ :�B!�#C$ &�' ��DFE"G #�H 3 $
G : I8O(5.J �KB : D�L
Ne : MF���>K��F�Nn : N>O��P��K��1�
Q7R ����S�� �T!�#C$U&>' ��L �� νR = νL 2"V A�WYX 2Z+*\[ �F��,4]_^�`"- �Fa�bP3cFd 5 )�e�f ��;�<>= / A 6
Hνe = − G√2(2Ne− Nn)
Hνµ =G√2Nn
![Page 16: 126 1 1960 ! R.Davis P3Q 30 (' [1]) * + ,.- / 0 1.2 "3#54! P Q 6 7 8 :9.; /?A@B !:C 7 8 D 7EF#G" IHKJL MLONP : 8 I AQSRKT U.V P Q LJ L W(X IY Z[]\ 6 C^)8_$` a ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070916/5fb67edff2cb076cc814cdec/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
�1 � � 13
` ��� � ���7S � �B!�#%$�&�' ���9�� ) e"f ��� �id
dt
(
νeL
νµ
)
=
G√
2(2Ne − Nn) µB
µB G√
2Nn
(
νeL
νµ
)
=T; ����� ?>@�A 6Y`` 2 νe 2 /�� νµ
/�� ) �CPT ��� =�;���� νe → νe * 0 <��������� ?U@�A � � transition(flavor-off-diagonal) magnetic moment
�� �! � A�W.X 2"VA[7]6
` @ X � "�# =";%$ ��a�bY3 c�d 5 ��& =B;���� �F!1#%$�&>' �(' & c b*) # ��+-, ��.� �_/ $0/ A * 0 <21 � Lim * Marciano [8],Akhmedov [9] =�;-����3 ? @54 6 ` @ )Resonant Spin Flavor Precession(RSFP) *768 @�A 6
1.4 9 :�; <>=@?BADC ED;GFIH < JIKML�NOQP+- 4Resonant Spin Flavor Precessin
) � D�L�=B;��R�S%T 3 �R+-,�] ^�`7U ;�</ D�E"G #FH 3 $ ]V!XW L � = YZ$0[ \B2FV A 6�8� � � D�EBG #FH 3 $ = W�0 � "�] A� )�^_�`Qa�b 2FV A 6cdfe 2 �hg�i�j k =�; A DFE�GXl H 3 $ �Qm Y�npoRq e�f � ;�< =Vr%s X @ ��t A�uS�l�vwl xPJzywx|{~} 825 � ��� � }�l�� ]7� =hq�D1EBG�l H { $ ]z!|W L�� �7��w������ S��%� $�� ��� � W X qµνe < 1.5 × 10−10µB(90%CL) [11]
u� ��� W.X �
νe
��� � W X qµνe < 1.8 × 10−10µB(90%CL) [12]
ue−e+ → νµνµ
W.X qµνµ < 7.4 × 10−10µB .(90%CL) [13]
uντ e− → ντ e−
W�Xµντ < 5.4 × 10−7µB .(90%CL) [14]
u` @ X g�i j k ="; A j�k � o���=�q(�-���p��=X�7�X�Ql $���� � DFE"GXl H { $ ��m Yn � r*s X @ ��t A [15]
u ` @ o�q ' ����� 3 WYX¢¡-£ ��=";Q�R� 12C]¥¤ A � tY< c{�¦ ��§�¨�© =B;��R��ª ]¥«¬ ?~ ��t A ¨�© =�V A q�®�¯B°²± WYX´³(µB¶V·*4 � � ¸ V¹ u �Xº7���Ql $��7� � D�ETG�l H { $ ]z! �R��t 4 L���q�»�¼*½�� ¾º 4 ���(l $��7�½|¿�����ª �QÀ@Á ¶R· ¹ �½FN�à ��Ä�Å � f � $ (cooling) qwÆ · ½%¿Q���-Ç�È �QÉ � §¹ u `��("�# W X D�ETG�l H { $ ��m Y�n ] r%s ¹ 1 � a|Ê ¸ q(�-���p� § _�Ë WYX � D
ETG�l H { $ ��m Y�n%o�qµν < 3 × 10−12µB(Majorana)
µν < 2 × 10−12µB(Dirac)� § ����t ¹ u
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�1 � � 14
1.5 ����� � J νe ����� � J K L Ne m������ ¨�© ½���t��q*�*� l $��R� �• SpT�{ ]7+�, ¶~ ¹ ¿�� §������ l��w{ $ ]V!*W• � ��N � � L ��!#".%$ t• Z�& ]z!(' q*)�+ ] ^ `~U• ,.-�S�/�0 �� t1�3254 ]76 4 U L��5½ νe → (RSFP ) → νµ → (Oscilation) → νe ½w¿ ���8��� W X
νe
�:95; º7��t ¹ � t<� a*Ê O � "�] Xz· ¹ u νe o � � � .<$ § ���*�(� � ]~! �R��t¹ 1 W X q=��� W X � νe
]?>5@wU ¹ 1Âo-�|� l $��R� � ����� l��*{ $ ]BA�C ¹ � ½�DE W u` · e ¸ �=� WYX � νe F S=G���S �-m Y�n � / X²· ���B$�q S�l�v5l-xIHzy�x5{~} 825 �� }Xlw� ]7� ½
Φ(νe)/ΦBP98(8B) < 3.5%(95%CL) [10]� § ����t ¹ u
1.6 Resonant Spin Flavor Precession JLK M:NL�O� 9 :�; <=@?�PRQ JTSOUcXd q��I��|� l $Q����V�W ��X � º7��Y¾�z[�Z § � o MSW \ k ½*¿ ¹ �w�-l $��� )#+ ]\[ t ¹ � } � ¸ V $ q RSFP
]\[ t 4 X5] ½ W t�Xo�V e $_^a` ¶R· ��t § t uº W º q RSFP ½*¿ ¹ X*] � ^#b º-�dc*e ¶h·�4gf ¸ o § � [16] q Joao Pulido�
E.Kh.
Akhmedov ½|¿ · 8 [17] q µν = 10−11µB , ��� �ih�j5k%�ilp� ��m � 3 × 105G [18] V ·8 !5" ½i�=�����(l $��7�gViW ½ W t� ��X � º¥�gn $ E W � º¥��t ¹ u e 4 qÂ��º `����� ��m ½ 2,3 o ��p t � V · 8�q ��� �@�V/ X ·X4 �5��� l=��{ $ ��m Y5� 6 4 º q�����*� l $��R��V\W ��X � º7��t e8q ½R[\ ¸ V ¹ u
1.7 rtsvu J wyxO�z e ¸X�-"�# ½|¿5$ q��=�5{%| νe
�89�; U ¹ a|Ê�} �5~ ¹ u ��º²q�����{%| � νe F� G(��S � 0¸ oi�wt m �p½ o-��� l $���� ½ ����� l=�X{ $ � � d U ¹���� � § $�q .$ § ��� ���#�5½?� � ¹ � "�] | · ¹ u8��� F � G���S ��m Y�n � r e ¹ m ��q5,I- � /�w�-l $���� ½ hwU ¹ ����� l��*{ $ � m Y�n(�Vr5s ¹ � � § $�q|Æ · ½*¿%$ Resonant
Spin Flavor Precession ½*¿ ¹ ����|� l $����gViW �iX�] ½��5Y��?� ] ¹ 1f½ § ¹ u��� � ¸ o�q ` · | �i�*� � �1� ½|¿*$�� �5{(| � νe F � G(��SX½ W t� X�� �B��� u
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15
�2 � � � � � � � � �
S�l�v*l-xIHzy�x5{~}�o 1996 4 1 �h½ g�i ���� Bº¢qÆ ��� § `R�Qo ¡ �����5��� �(Kamioka Nucleon Decay Experiment) q�����q*�X� l $��7� ����� (Kamioka Neutrino
Detection Experiment)¸ ~ ¹ u SXl�v|lxIHVyXx5{7} � Á�� o������� �!�"$#&%$' ��()+*
( ,�- 36.43Å
, .�/ 137.32Å
))�021
1000m(2700m.w.e: 3�4 µ�5 Å ) q6#7%98 *;:�<= ½�>@?fºBA��DCFEHG ) m�IKJML7N ·PO )�QMR�S&T 3 J�UHV6W�X�Y+Z+W9[ E&\^]BA`_(G6ab �Kc�dfehg T@iBj^k�lnm �po+q Z i G g J@r;s i {(|ut ~ i�v�wP1 EHG )hx t Qhy�z V{ W | X i � r � )�|�} �u~�� Z i�v2.1 � ��� ���������� 3��6t )9�2�$�`�7���6�2�����9�9�;�+� V Q6wK1$)7�&�pT^ M) J+¡ i�v
ν + e− → ν + e−
νe + p → e+ + n
G XD¢ )��+� tM£�¤n] Oh¥+¦�§�¨ Q E�©+ª�� )h«+¬ (c/n)� C ¬ W ¬� t�®+¯�] O9°�± V²�³@´ d�µ`¶ «�· £ Z iuv G )h«@Q §�¨ )h¸�¹`º@» Vh¼ ]½Eu¾ 42
2);º@» VB¿^r$À;X ipÁ EyP V Q�� d b g ]uA�à i G g JPr;s i�v \ )�Á E �K�����9��� -¦�¨�Ä$Å ) °�± E �K������9�M)h¸�¹�º7»P·uÆ�Ç Z i [&J@r;s i�v`È6º E νe
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( í 2.1) î9ï+ð g T&i 3�ñ Q E�ò9ó 39.3m E9ô À 41.4m îõ�ö�÷ t`E�ø$ù�ú 5 û t î �+ü ·hý O Z v�þ O E j^k�lnm E�ÿ���� ¢ î�� Y ��� ¨ T���� � ¢���s&Z i §$¨ V �Mi`É6Ê d � g ���6�������6ÉMÊ d � ·���� Z i�Á V ������ a� �Ì� · { W�� «��� V��Bü ñ g �$ü ñ g V�� ��¢pX!��W i�v ²@³7´ d6µ�¶ « ·#"�$ Z i« ¦�¨&%&'&( Q) � ü ñ g ��ü ñ2î&*$î å�+ d ´ å-,�. ð ( í 2.2)V0/21435�^¢ X!��671
\ X�8�X ò�ó 20inch(50cm)
8inch(20cm) î î J { W�¢pX!��W i�v�þ O :9 d a-; �VQ)<�=�T:>�?H��� ´ � �5@ d ·B¹�� Á îBADC ê �E9GF&H�·;¹n� Á î � ´ a ��I6� a å-J·0F&K ] O � ´ a �LIM� a å�M ���N�O d ����� M �H�QP JSR C À;XT�+W i�v
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�2x å �Mæ2������y+z
16
1000m
LINAC room
20" PMTs
water system
control room
electronics hut
Mt. IKENOYAMA
�2.1: ����� �����������������
2.3 ����� � !#"$&%('�)�*,+�-/. �0�1�� ���2�3���4�&�5���7608 2 9 :�;/< =0>�?A@�B ( C�D PMTE�F G) HJI�KMLON0PAK0Q/R5SUT V (Inner Detector,ID) 6&I,K�LWNAPAK�QX;�8 20 Y7�4Z
( [�\ 50cm) ]_^,`badc�e1�gf�; PMT(�
2.3) 63hji . �����0�7���&�7���361I,K�LWN )k ; -1l�m5n2o,p0) k ;&60h�QgR,S2T_V - 8�q/; PMT H 11146 r�stidu�v5LwN .1x�yXz{ -�|A} Q~<�= z ; z { 84� 40 � -X� Q/R&�X� .�� T V (Outer Detector,OD)- 8 IMB� � 6JI0KMLON PAK ) [g\ 20cm ; 8 Y7��Z PMT
.1885 r�HJI�KjLON .j* i����~;U< n�X� } QU� - 60cm×60cm ; wave length shifter H1s�i�u5v�LON PAK,Q/R
2.4 ��������� ���#���2.4.1 ���&�� �¡_¢M��£�
2.4 8 ID ;_����¤U¥�¦j§&�A¨�© n4y�' P3K P .,ª�« e¬a~�c�e&�38/®M¯�° - 2 ± .TKO ²,³_´X�1µ E VME ²�³ ´J��µ -4¶ °_NAP K�QgR· ¸ -4.
PMT °¹L�;gºJ»�8 ATM-4¼ L½N7Q4R ATM ;5¾�¿_8 PMT °ML4;4º » ngÀAÁ�Âà . <_Ä Â Ã ;��3³ ¤Uµ�ºX» -�ÅXƬ'Ç. a/ÈOÉ �X;4º » n~Ê Q~Ë,6�h�Q4R0¯ )�. dead timenOÌ L } � - 1 ±A; PMT
- ±7Í 2 ±A;1Z3Î �4ϵ�H�I�ÐÒÑ2N P KJP . 1 ± HgÓ pX� K À 8k + ����HgÓ�ÔXN,QgR7qUN -�* i . ®XÕ�c�´&�(a1ÈUÖJ;4× Ø . Ù >_Ú Û -/ÜJÝ,� µ °¹L�;ÚXÛ =X> ( �´���5�gY1Þ5�Òad; 2.2µsec ß -UàJá ) YJÞj�5a n~â ã0} Q2Ë,H/ä3å E �0æ P
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�2 � ������� ����� 17
8" PMT
Tyvek
20" PMT
Bottom
Barrel
Top
Black seat
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phot
osen
sitiv
e ar
ea >
460
φ
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520
7000
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720~
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2
φ 25
410
φ 11
6ca
ble
leng
th
water proof structure
glass multi-seal
cable
(mm)
2.3: 20 Y"!4Z ( [\ 50cm)PMT
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�2 � ����������� � 18
� ��� 1 � ATM � ����� 12 �� PMT �������������! "��� # � �$���! %�$�'&)(��*� SCH(Super Controller Header,bus-interface module) � SMP(Super Memory Partner)
��+%,.-/�0 �!1)2 � 3�� 4 5 �6*����798:�"���;=< �?>�@BA��C��D ATM E. HITSUM �:F'GH-I�J>�@KA��ML�� ��NCO P=Q9RIS�T"�����>U@VA ���UW'X��UWHYMZ�WU[M\H�����U� 2001 ] 1 ^�_M`'O' P=Qa� -186mV �Cb 17 �cPMT HIT ��dae�����Q ( f�g6hji=k�l�����mCn9-V#Ub 3.5MeV) ��o \p�$�j# qsrt�j2u �v>I � �9>I��b 1.6kHz Ow��U�
2.4.2 xJy�zj{|y�}�~c���SMP Wp8� (��'* �U��D'h ����>K�)�.��� ���c>:���c�=o��.���j# � �6���6�������La� �)�U7�8K�!�a��8$�63�">I����kCk��!Nj���|>B������ ����Lc� ��O'�aRV�%8B���� ���ar��62 u �c>��)�����p�������
2.5 ����������)�a���C� �U�� �¡�¢�£¡)¤'���C¥c��¦v§ ¨=# � ���a©)�¤ ��ª�¤C«�� (
�2.5) OU¬ -/��®c¨�¯v�C��798K�j# � ���"©�Uª�¤M«���°=±!�!²j³�.��Z�¡�´)C�)µ.¶%8B� ���
• ·�!¸�¹C�)ºM»��¼C½�� ",�R$¡���¾v� �U¿ � F 2+e , Ni2+, Co2+ ¡"Y$�À�Á.2)0 �/� -�#)Ã%� �Ä@VÅ���ÆÇr:Èa§���¤��É�ÊCË �$Ì.��� � �
• Rn,Ra,Th ¡"Y�cÍ/Î�Ͻ6Ðj¡"Y ��ÆÇrBÈ�ÑU©'RB�CÒ�� Rn �U�MÓ�Ô��'5CÕ|>=@�Ö2 u �c>I��p§�¡!Ã×���CØ�1'Ù �cÚ�R$¡��U�
 UÛM��®%¨$¯�Wp8:7s8B�6&U¤��U�'²M³j���Z�¡)ªM¤�«a�UÜ"Ý$Þp�$�C��ª�ßp����&UàM�®�¨�¯c��á"���"���
• 1µm âMã�kc*)Õ• ä=Õ|>åh.�=æ�ç�è��)éjê)Õë ��ìUí PMT �îMï%����ðU#ñ=òs-�&�óMô"Ý)³'¶���Ã%� �Ä@�Å�Uõ�öHÝ$÷Mø��"�Û��U� ¤MóvÝ 13 ôjùCà.��ú6�
• 2!0 �IûMmMüMý¤cþ��ÀÁ.2 0 � Ý)È=ÿ��"�
• ���������M¯Ãc���p@�Å ����a� � 8:� �U�c©�U«a������r � 103 ∼ 104 / 1000ml ²M³'�=Ãa���@�Å ��"Ý �Ä8�� � �j¨����U�
• �������M«.�¤aþ! A!æ�ÝUÈ�ÿ������'©��«����6�=ð�#������ 99%, 1pÚ���A!æ� 96% È�ÿ"�����
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�2 � æjÕ���Õ�������� 19
20-inch PMT
ATM
x 240
x 20
ATM
GONG
SCH
interface
SMP
SMP
SMP
SMP
SMP
SMP
TRIGGER
HIT INFORMATION
x 6
Analog Timing Module
SUN classic
VME
online CPU(slave)
online CPU(slave)
online CPU(slave)
online CPU(slave)
online CPU(slave)
online CPU(slave)
online CPU(slave)
SUN classic
VME
online CPU(slave)
Analog Timing Module
TKO
TKO
SUN classic
SUN classic
SUN classic
SUN classic
SUN classic
SUN classic
SUN sparc10
SUN classic
interface
online CPU(host)
online CPU(slave)
VME
FDDI
FDD
I
TRIGGER
Super Memory Partner
Super Memory Partner
SMP x 48 online CPU(slave) x 9
PROCESSOR
TRG
interrupt reg.
20-inch PMT
ATM
x 240
x 20
ATM
GONG
SCH
20-inch PMT
ATM
x 240
x 20
ATM
GONG
SCH
20-inch PMT
ATM
x 240
x 20
ATM
GONG
SCH
interface
SMP
SMP
SMP
SMP
SMP
SMP
PMT x 11200 ATM x ~1000
2.4: (6Õ6*�¹CFvL!æ�MN
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�2 � æjÕ���Õ�������� 20
• Ultra filter
10nm � u k���¾���¡ ¿ Ý�È�ÿ�� �• Buffer tank
• ���É�
m
2.5: ª�¤�«a�
¤ ��� �!����ñ���Wp8 ë ��ìÝ��������§=ñj¶%8�������� ��������á�� � ��!#"�¥$� 50
tons / hour O'w��%!c©&��ªM¤C«a�'�6�.r(��¤���ÉMÊCË)� 70m ²Mñ���ú$*��+�� ��!
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21
�3 � � � � � � � �
3.1 PMT � � ��� ����� ���3.1.1 ��{9y������! #"%$%}'&My( 2 �*),+.-0/��BÕ�1%���%����®c¨�¯c��� PMT �Ud32�·�¥ �*465Är$Ý87:9 ���#*������; � �%! 3.1 ��©&�,),+<-=/$��Õ>1c��� �@?c�BAIÅ���ì6ÝDC�E *�´��3F'w���!U·�G�#��)H?.Ö��!â3Ij�*1!J>I �=ìH5 ���; �#�K1 ��ç���Õ+�!Õ@LÕ)k���¸U¹�æNM��OA k �QPR � R � UV ÉCÊBS�I)æ�Ý�Þ � � � !  ��à'�=·"âUT$2�Ã�ÕÝVÞ�E � ��� �!þ��QV6�+*QWX ��1 ��ç ��Õ��)Õ3LjÕ@Y��=Z�½�� �#�3[�\a± ¡U·^]V¡.ð%�U®%¨�¯v� �`_Mº�� � �%!
Xe Flash LampUV filter ND filter
Optical fiber
Pho
toD
iode
Pho
toD
iode
ADC
Monitor
PMT
Scintilator
Trigger20inchPMT
SK TANK
Scintilator Ball
3.1: ·M¥a)�+<-Q/���Õ>1v� �%�N?v�aA Å��Uì
b,c �!d����%�e1 ��ç �$Õ�� Õ3LjÕ@Y�] PMT �Hf:g'� PMT h ��·)�=ZM½,i'�e1���ç�/Õ'��Õ@LMÕ*Y��0j@kUl@m���¤���ÉCÊCË�¡.n �0o!pq5=r6sOt(� PMT �=uNkC·:vaÝxw!y$�zE�`{ PMT �V·,v (corrected Q) 50|K}a; � � ! 3.2 � �Q{No!p%ÝDr6~�*�à�� correctedQ
ÝxC�E �� ��!!�:�'� PMT �=�>v$�04z5�t �0� 7 � F>���%!
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�3 � )�+e-Q/)��ÕU1�� � 22
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
IDEntriesMeanRMS
101 11146
1.000 0.1509
Constant 1147.Mean 1.010Sigma 0.7105E-01
correccted Q
σ ∼ 7%
3.2: �>v �=4z5�t
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�3 � ²³-´Fµ-T�/M«���j 23
0
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0.02
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0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.1
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
HV replaceSigma of normal gain
with usual correction table
with new correction table
Passed days from Jun 1996 (month)
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900
910
920
930
940
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980
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�3 � ²³-´Fµ-T�/M«���j 24
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Dec.-3,4-96 Dec.-14-96 Dec.-17-96 Dec.-27-96 Jan.-18-97 Mar.-05-97 Nov.-17-97 Apr.-18-98
wavelength (nm) at
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�3 � ²³-´FµR_\M«���j 26
60
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75
80
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90
95
100
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800Elapse day since 1/1/96
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�3 � rHt\�5�R_\9����2 27
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D
E
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HV, signal cables
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PMT
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818
mm
102 mm
T 3.11: LINAC O endcap
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�3 � rHt\�5�R_\9����2 28
-1500
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0
500
1000
1500
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x(cm)
Z (
cm)
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010
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00
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0-1
000
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050
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X (cm)
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-0.04
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0
0.01
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4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
WT = 83m
combined deviation=0.11%
total energy in water from Ge measurement(MeV)
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- D
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A)/
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�3 � rHt\�5�R_\9����2 29
position dependence of observed energy deviation
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WT = 83m
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position tag
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20m
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6 /078��9;: 4.3MeV ��<� =� 6.1MeV � γ >���?;@A B"DC �FE;�HG MeV �HI;JLK0M N'O PK � ������� C��RQ"� 6TS�U �V0WHX�Y� %" � 3.17 �[Z�\R]�2�^A_�XL`baHc�dDT � � ����� �0Q�� 6 /�7feg�3cd NHh � �iK��j�k��*l-mPKDn �boBp � �qQ � 6/P �r's�t-X�u- F"bvHd%� � 3.18,
�3.19 �T� � � � ����� C �AQ"� 6 /Lw%xPey�zcd
I�JPK�M NHO BK �F^A_%{H|��'�P}0~%���H{�|H���3����x U %"R�B+0���z���'�H����X���H�0WL� ±0.5% X;u�78� LINAC � � �C��C ��Q"�"�F�����F�F�0Xu- F"
Energy (MeV)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
2 4 6 8 10 12 14
�3.17: Z�\!]�2 DT � � ����C��qQ��"� N�h � �8K� -� ( �C��� ) ���DoPp C��RQ"� � � ( ��� � ) ���H�����a���x U
3.6 ����� µ � �¢¡¤£¦¥¨§=©«ª¬¯®¢°[±¨²¯³µ´�¶ ·�¸ ¹R³¢º »g¼G�½ MeV �¾�K �PI;J�K�M ��>� ����C �!Q��L��`y1¿E 6 ��À�ÁB> µ �F4'5�<H ��S-U B"�4H5�<� ��HI;J�K�M N'h � �8KD�T,-.���Â��
dN
dEe=
G2
12π3m2
µE2e (3 − 4Ee
mµ)
Ee : 4'5H<� ���I�J�KAM@
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�3 � ��������� �!Q�� 32
-0.03
-0.02
-0.01
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
-1500 -1000 -500 0 500 1000 1500z-position (cm)
(MC
-DA
TA
)/D
AT
A
r-position (cm)
(MC
-DA
TA
)/D
AT
A
-0.03
-0.02
-0.01
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600
�3.18: DT � � ��� C��qQ��%�����HIJPK�M N�O PK ��^�_T{�|H�
r,z �����l��P� N �3�y� �DCLc��Pc z,r �����b�T��'d���;t!� SbU x U
-0.03
-0.02
-0.01
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350Azimuthal Angle (degrees)
(MC
-DA
TA
)/D
AT
A
cos(Zenith Angle)
(MC
-DA
TA
)/D
AT
A
-0.03
-0.02
-0.01
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
-1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
3.19: DT ������������������� �"!�#�$&%(')��*,+-�&%�!�.eÚ Ë-Ì�/
+X 0 SK 1-243 0 Ú65�ê87:9�;�<=><!�?�0�9>@,A)B-C�D�!FE�G-!�HJI)!FK�L(5���MONPOQ 34R�S
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�3 � ��������� �!Q�� 33
G : Fermicoupling �'Gmµ : µ �����
XB����cA BW�� � ����T� ��! ���%��dHk �Fl�mPK0n �bo%p��>�qQ �-�j���Hs���c�dF45'<� �� N�h � �iKq�F�H�@A �V 6 /'wBx � ������� �!Q��L�y1 "
3.7 Trigger efficiencyN �� �mqo� bm � � X����IJ�K0M ����¾���� ��� %� � @A FE 6 � Low Energy
Trigger(LE), Super Low Energy Trigger(SLE) �����HcA 2 ������������� � S�U x U!�"$# c&%'�(�)����� efficiency �+*-, !�.0/ Ni-cf 1�}A~ DT generator W S0U % c !W�1 # c /�2)3(4 d6587 . ��9:%�� G MeV ;=<:��>�W@?'�BA�wLd�IJPKDM=�8�BC-D !'EX;u !�" ���F��� efficiency
/)GIH ��ÂEfficiency =
NLE(SLE)trigger
NDT (Ni)trigger. 5HwTxT�@��c !+"$#�#�J NLE(SLE)trigger
/LE(SLE) trigger
J ��¾$K$�LNM�OP�Fc�dQ �3� 4 1 NDT (Ni)trigger
/ 1 2 RS�T�+�U�0�856?%�3½SV=WX�+Y(�+�U����ZTt��B[��X��c�dDT(Ni) �+�\�S� J M)O]��c-d��L¾�K��^� Q J u !'"�# � DT(Ni) �+�U�0� / -150mV
. [�$�Fc�x0_ !'" SLE ���U��� / 1�56?`�8_'��¾�K��a��b)cP�Id�e . 1�f�g�ZPt]� H-h�!�ij�k �l�m�x�_ !'"-n � i j ���H��1 2001 o 1 pSq0rs� SLE �+���S����ZPt / -186mV 1tSu �+v8w-xzys{)� .'|=}(4~ 3.5MeV �'�P¾XK$�N� 50% ���8D ! 587 . [0�P��m ~ _!�"�
3.20/ 1 DT �-�����]�B�-�X�+K . 5=� ~+�s� %\m-� LE ��������� efficiency 1S�s�� K�I�zy��S�����]���-����K . 5)� ~�� q$��m8� efficiency ��� 4~ _ !�"
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
DATAMC
Energy (MeV)
LE
tri
gg
er e
ffic
ien
cy
�3.20: LE trigger � efficiency
��� . � 3.21 � � 3.24/ 1 SLE ���U��� .+� D ! efficiency �\�6D "
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�3 � ����������-�X��K 34
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8
DATAMC
threshold:-260mV
Energy (MeV)
SL
E t
rig
ger
eff
icie
ncy
�3.21: SLE ������� -260mV
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8
DATAMC
threshold:-260mV
Energy (MeV)
SL
E t
rig
ger
eff
icie
ncy
�3.22: SLE �+����� -250mV
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
3 4 5 6 7 8
DATAMC
threshold:-222mV
Energy (MeV)
SL
E t
rig
ger
eff
icie
ncy
�3.23: SLE ������� -222mV
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
3 4 5 6 7 8
DATAMC
threshold:-212mV
Energy (MeV)
SL
E t
rig
ger
eff
icie
ncy
�3.24: SLE �+����� -212mV
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35
�4 � � � � � �
4.1 �� ¼ �� ¹� º »g¼����� ��� J �����Bm6�����$K�� / 10��g�Y�����KX�`� ���)�$��K (G�H 1 # ����$�
� ���S�X��K�L��! ) �#" 4 1%$&��'(����K$�\�*)�+=D !-,]. 5S� ~ 1�.�/�e .�0�1:.*2_X%Um !43 K65�yPLY !�"�GIH�7 ��� �����\ 8� K#8 J92 _]%Nm ~ _ ! ���:�����+K . R_ ~&;=< D !+"4.1.1 >@?BADC�EGFIH(JLK%MN�O ��K&P�QSR k C&T 4 � U8�z�GV � 7=/ 1 n mXW�m-� PMT
k�Y�Z 4 � [ ��\�] � 2 _!S,s. 5)� ~��:^:_a` m !'" .�b . 14.acedgf PMTk
HIT4 � \�]&h (200nsec) �#i:j4 1�Q�klV � .nm 7 PMT �po�q-D !'"nr�. 1 PMT
kHIT
4 � \�] (THIT) La1-s:j 4 �U-���aV � 7 L PMT ��t�uGvX%�Q�w:�FK k4x �+� \�] (TPMT ) �ny tres (=THIT -TPMT )
�6L !�"X# �6z�y tres � 2 _ ~ 1 goodness LB_P7|{$� GIH ��587 . j�}8D !'"goodness =
1Nsel∑
i=1
1
σ2i
Nsel∑
i=1
1
σ2i
exp(− t2res
2σ2t
)
Nsel : PMT � HITQ
σi :n mXWzm8� PMT � \�] V 0G~
# ��� 5�? 1 goodnessk .�� . Y !#� � U��BVB�IV&� 7�� � K$�+L\D !�"
4.1.2 �D�=H(J�K�Mt0u k C8D ! N=O ��K�P�Q-R��(� �(�����6K�� � . 1 t�u k9x �z� �=�6� ��^�_ D !+"# � \ 1 likelihood funtion(L(dir)) � G�H ��587 . j�}8D !+"
L(dir) =∑
i=1
log(f(cos θdir))i ×cos θi
a(θi)
cos θdir : ss� direction L 1�U��)��V&� 7 L HIT4 �
PMT �&�%�P� y@L�� ���f(cos θdir) : ��� ` m=�#���0V(�
a(θi) : PMT �4���:��� � DL� ���IQG�&�����
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�4 � 8X�G� 0�1 36
� � L(dir)k .����zY��z��� �=��� � ������K�� � direction L��=���
4.1.3 � ��������������������E��! "�SK ��# 0�1�$ yL�(5&%��s�'%:�-��(��]�-�-�X�*) $ yL��5,+�%-(/.+y��&�,021 n m�Wm4365�7X���8)��9�6��g���8X����v�:/;&�*����<=% 0(1 �?> ��@BA6�C< ~ED �*� SK �Lowenergy
$ yL�(5 ( F GIH ���-��(4$ $ y���5 ) 1E+�(/.�y%���"0I1,J K(��@�AL7����)C�M; �����X�*)*�/N$� ~,D �'�
• Total photo-electron cut.�b��?%��2O�HI�:�P�'(4$�����)��RQTS�U�V µ ����)��W�LXZYp+�fM[B��%B\X�9���)8�M] 1000 photo-electron J�^�� HIT ]�\-�)��_I`6%�a������b)��9�LXcYp+Dfd�1000 photo-electron e D A {�+�fIga�4h�iTjBk�����lImB�B��e&n 130MeV �*[Co<p%2n 20MeV J K���F�G"H�q��-�'(4$&����)��W� cut �=� , +�r D �
• Hayai UB�*s@V9� 72t V��uIv
SK �4w*{�+ 3.5MeV(50%) 1 \���]�%4w�{���KEx�� � e4�E@*y{z�|I}IQB� )9�vb:#� γ V,%�~�� Rn �G�6U@V�� $4�6� )C�|���9��)C�M]6d"�C�4���(� , ��7(�?�Ia<Lz�a���:/+���)��9�{�6�B�T����������)��M1I\X� , ]9d D [6% HIT </��R6�E]��`�D �9��)b��19UB�Ts@V6� 7 ]*�Gv8: 150cm J��'1E\X�L_,`6% � ���LX�YS+ fR�
4.1.4 First Reduction
First Reduction +{%,�����B�P� � O .9v8:n�G$��:'(����)���Q��2�Bv�: ������)b��7� %��4���9��)C�R1,7 D �9��)��p��XZY + fR[B� 2�D :&�L�?��J,K�% � � First Reduction�{# 7 sIV45��T� D z ;=< �=�'�• fidutial cut� h2iTj�k����&�b)�� �4+�% SK �E)��/Q SK ��)��,�9XZY��4 I1 D �9|2}�vb: � γ
V%��@��&����)b��]&d4�I¡b¢��6z D ����¢"��%,�=�{£ D t�u�1 +"h i�j�k���Q�UB�sIV&� 7 �'¤ ^�_ �?¥���]�¦ fp7 D �Ba���[I%�R"fIg2§6¨6©L��ªXVC� ���9��) v8:¤ ^:_ ` ���/«If,¬4g��?�T � ]�%B�/®"¯%�/��v�: 200cm @�Y{�=�%�?°2±,²"³I�������)���1 \�y��'_I`6% � ������)��W��X�Yp+�f´�
• time difference cutµ q:��¶�)6��·,¸���@BY��T��=�LfIg���@��T¹4ºb)��»%4~��"h�¼'½¾�W¿*HB½ 7 v8:�'À��B��@��*¹4º�)��W�LXZYp+�fM[B��%�¹4ºb)��d�T�vb: 50µ Á6J����4¹Tº�)����XcYp+ fR�
• OD trigger cut
�2®I¯=� PMT ]�%b�L®I¯=�2¹4ºb)��{e? \ �,¹Tº�)��W� Y�Z <'�{_6`I%2�2��v8:à > </� µ ¬4g���@9�4¹4ºb)��'eÅÄ�ÆC<W%,XcY + fR�
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�4 � 8X�G� 0�1 37
• electronic noise cut
– First electronic noise cut
f2g����%�E@����T¹�6¹4ºb)C�W�LXcY� f��,����% HIT ] 0.5 photo-electron
J K(� PMTN � )�iTjL���I`�]T% HIT <'��� PMT �{����� <{z 40% @�Y��� D _6`I% � �2¹Tº�)����9X�Y� f��
– Second electronic noise cut
1 ��� ATM v8:��T �B����¹���LXZY� f [B��% 95 �TJE^(� HIT ]�% 1 �G�ATM ����]�y�z D � PMT �?_I`6% � ���LXZY��fR�
• goodness cut��� <'� goodness �4{E] 0.4 JIK21I\(�9_I`B� � ���LXZY� fR�&U�V�½ $4�6� )��� dgfp+�%9UG��s�V�½ 7 �{¤ ^:_ ]8A?¢�f�N�v�� goodness ]� !B� � D [2%�XPY�v"�=�?��" 4.1 +�%�#%$'&47(��X��)b)+*�j�� goodness ��,��C�.- <Lz D �{�• Flasher cutR�/=��@9�4¹*º�)��W�� f [=�'%9RIf"g"§6¨,©B� HIT ]104�,B�26¢2y{z D �/_,`�.3P<Å% � ����X�Y� fd�
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1goodness
" 4.1: goodness ,(�#1$'&471(G����)�)+*�jX�,¹4º�)b�/e4�T¹1� ¹*º�)b� ��� �B� goodness ,��6587�Y&�:9` �6z D �.,�� ];#%$<&*7�(��G�=)b);*�jX��,�� , >�?@�&��,�� ]A��¹%�2¹TºC)��&�=B ���¢T��%DC���s@E�½�FX�'¤ ^:_ ��G�H¾</z D ��c9�2+ 0 �47By�z D �4.1.5 Spallation cut
SK ��)*½2�:� à �I2 "1��*��J�h i�j�k:���/S�U�V µ +�%%KI®'L���M:N%O2g�PPepJEK��@�AL7QO"g�P�R�S ( J K�%TF�U¾¼e�DV@W�)6e=X�9 ) À�YI%µ +16 O → µ + X
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�4 � (X������� 38
Isotope τ 1
2
(sec) Decay mode Kinetic Energy(MeV)
82He 0.122 β− 10.66 + 0.99 ( γ )
β− n ( 11 % )83Li 0.84 β− 12.5 ∼ 1385B 0.77 β+ 13.7393Li 0.178 β− 13.5 ( 75 % )
11.0 + 2.5 ( γ )
β− n ∼ 10 ( 35 % )96C 0.127 β+ p 3 ∼ 13
113 Li 0.0085 β− 20.77 ( 31 % )
β− n ∼ 16 ( 61 % )114 Be 13.8 β− 11.48 ( 61 % )
9.32 + 2.1 ( γ ) ( 29 % )124 Be 0.0114 β− 11.66125 B 0.0204 β− 13.37127 N 0.0110 β− 16.38135 B 0.0173 β− 13.42138 O 0.0090 β− 8 ∼ 14145 B 0.0161 β− 14.07 + 6.09 ( γ )156 C 2.449 β− 9.82 ( 32 % )
4.51 + 5.30 ( γ )166 C 0.7478 β− ∼ 4167 N 7.134 β− 10.44 ( 26 % )
4.27 + 6.13 ( γ ) ( 68 % )
- 4.1: Summary of spallation products.
��� � <Å% spallation products e�X���� ������Â��,² X �=�������?� ��� spallation
products� L��4+ - 4.1 �=B��C@�A-� 0.001 Á��8: 10 �IÁ ������ ��!#"{% � MeV $
20MeV�
β % γ �/��% ( F�U¾¼-�DV@W*)?¹Tº�)�� ) & � ]E\��(' � h�iTjBk�)+*�,�+FEG2H�q�).-*(�� ��/�0#1+2 D :��34*�,�1E\8Y´%�5<��7+C E�½�6 ��7 �'eL7By�z D �8a�'�9;:<'L�¾: spallation event =4?>�[ 1 :EJIK � 3 � �A@ �CB )���)�:
DL : S�U{V µ��DFE e � h6iTj�k;),¹4º 7 - � C�)4s@E�½�F �+G�H
DT : S�U{V µ��I�JLK �;M�Nbe � h6iTj�k�),¹4º 7 -M]��� K ��M�N ��O
Qres : Qtotal − p(t)L
= 2�P z likelyhood function =4QcYR:�S F�U�¼T):V W 7 ¹*º 7 -+U K �LVW= XB��Y8#'�'9 Qtotal Z :(' � ¹4º 7 - � �6² ��[ �F: p(t) Z µ
�ADE#�]\ ��^?�T_�Y 1�/0 �����photo-electron :�a K z L Z µ
�YDFE3� ^��Y9 \�Y`: V ��a )�=T�Fb K �{_2`c]d2� � -
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�4 � (�)������ 39
� E*½*]�� v�� =_6` 1��%��� 1� +8" 4.2 Z : Qres
��3P1 � y�z DL ,���� ������� � ��%=.B K �%& � 9����;:<' �" 1 B � � � 1 a������ � Qres
1�� y{z DL� ,�� & ��� K z P � �4,����8 a ��� :
Qres
1 � � likelyhood function�A@ ��B )F�;)%&�a������ 6 � 1 ,��*z 2�� K :('?�
U ��3P1 ��Y K z P +8
4.2: Qres ! 6 " !�#�$&%�'�(*) DL +�,
4.3 - 4.4 .�-�/*02143�576�8:9<;>=@?BADC�EF8FGIHKJ�?�L DL +M,->N O DT +
,QPI-SR�T�U�T ! likelyhood function HWVX=ZYM? )�[\ L�- 4.5 . SK ]M8�^ %@_a`Ib>c>d�e L µ ! Qres +�, (Fcorrerated) d ->f ! �g�hi�j�k�l 3*C�Em8&G !�n 0.1 o�prq ! µ H�J�?�Ls+*,*-�R =@Y>t ! �g�h i�j�k l 3*C�E8 G@P�.>u@v !Kw ?MC�E787GIH@J�?*L�+*, (Funcorrerated) d�xM)K[�y Tz; 2 " ! +*,M{F;|-}*~ G�]�C } ! likelyhood function (LQres(Qres)) .�p�t !r������� -
LQres(Qres) =Fcorrerated(Qres) − Funcorrerated(Qres)
Funcorrerated(Qres)
dK��� ;IT )K[My T�H���=@L ! g* 4.6 !W���dMx�)K[�� ; %�ys! LQres(Qres) HZ� % =ZY��������� 8���=�- Qres %@����) likelyhood function H ����)K[�yK! likelyhood function
HZ��=@Y�? )�! gM 4.6 !��M��d�x�)�[p�f 3 �>� !�� �*� 3�]�3�H�J�?Y*/�0Q�Z3M5F6�8�C�EF87G�.�� `I {T�Y>? )s[=W{m=�-�¡ ¢ � µ .�£ 2.2Hz d SK ]�8�^ %@¤�e =@Y '¥` -�¦Mo>-�¦ � o !K§r¨�© H4ª�"
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�4 � ��)������ 40
�4.3: The distribution of the likelyhood for DL
�4.4: The distribution of the likelyhood for DT
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�4 � ��)������ 41
�4.5: Distribution of Qres
�4.6: Qres � likelyhood function
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�4 � ��)������ 42
spallation products1�� ���� 7 - 1�� K�� DT
@�� B )��;) 1�� �� �r��P ��� Z :��� 1 5�� � dead time =���� Ks��P���� �� 9�� ��P 8���� � ' � spallation cut 9Z :��� $�!��� � ^ P+�F�� =�!"� spallation products
1�� #�$�%C6 � 7'& �)( >Z cut
K �+* ��P��CP-, ��.�/ �+*%�8%' � ^ P��F�C =�!0��1�2�3�)�465 7 ��� 7 - 1� P�� Z�798 �;: 8
4.1.6 Second Reduction
< U 1)=0>�? Reduction =A@ : , 1���B-� : SK?-CED9F0G�H -)I-JAK�L�9 2�P : final
sample M � : 8• New goodness cutN9O b < *�P�# H�Q $R%R1 ?-S9T"?RUV�XW�Y / ? # H)Q $-%�1�=X�Z� �[: 8�\]* U_^# H)Q $`%R1 W � Pa� goodness =Ab c Kedef�? N�O b < *�P]# H)Q $g%R1 ? goodness
M`h9i �":�j'k K � : ���'l'm W���K�� J��9nE���'lom �ap��)* ��q P�r�s d�ft?goodness u�va*�w Ja��nE���'l6m ?-x�y'z�{6|���}tq�~�W9�"B���q : u����0� ��d\ ?��)daY /�# H�Q $-%�1 ? goodness M ?R� k`� < q MX����w�* :-j \+*�w ?��'�� w daf"? # H�Q $-%�1�M Y /�# H�Q $-%�1 ? goodness
?���� � < q r�s d \+*�w? �Z�6l'm z+���X��� j• Cherencov ring pattern cutN�O�� < *tP direction M d N�O�� < *tP�# H�Q $�%�1 � w HIT ��P�^ PMT �? ��%�m���M ?�� ?-��z+�;� :)j vt� ��d�� l Q0� �� �4"¡ G 3 H 4'5 l � w£¢wg*EP � �6?R¤�¥ � w �;� w�*[P likelyhood function M`h�i�� d s0¦ �9q k ?�z�§���¨� j \R* W�©t� 1�2�3 H 4;5 l)���6l'm«ª d Rn ¬� ? 214Bi ® da¯ � ? ringz]° ��± :0k ? u�²�³�´ �g�)µo¶+· :�j
• Clusfit cutN�O�� < *[P�# HZQ $a%�M HIT ��P)^ PMT M ?a¸9¹�º�»)d�¼t½���¾ º6»Ez+�6�:�j;k � d � : PMT?
HIT� Ja�Zn����'l6m W0© :�k ? ��� B P-r�s d \]*�w 2
� ?Rº;»�W�� � � .�¿ < * :�k ?�©;�ÁÀ � ���"��°¨Â :�j v ?RÃ�d \�*Äw ? HITz
�§�X��q�� k�ÅgÆ E# H�Q $�%)1 z N�O���± :)j \ ?t© Å W N�O�� < *�P�# H�Q $% 1 �)Ç ²�È�É9Ê (ID
?�Ë � w 2m=�Ì
) �0� B P�r�s d \ ? ���'lom z+�Í�g�Ä� j• Gamma cut}[Î�Ï �[Ð H�Ñ9Ò6W ÓEqZ� u d SK Ô�lZ% ? Ê�Õ d PMT
?�Ö�� 1 ��× � w � : γ Ø® ? #o$-%9Ù ��Ú l & u À � ��Û s zZÜ � :Rj v ?RÃtW-d ��� N9O9� < *EP)# H�Q $% 1�M direction
z h9i�� d SK Ô0lZ% ?�Ì Õ�ÝtÞ W�ß�° �-P9���'l6m � × Å � z+à� ± :�j9á WEÌ Õ�ÝtÞ W�ß�° ��P��Z�'lomâ�0� : r�s d 6.5MeV
=0ã �0� : r�s�u# H�Q $)%�1 ��Ë � w 450cm
="ÌRd6.5MeV
=0> �0� : r�s"u Ë � w 800cm=�Ì�?
r�s W \ ? �Z�6l'm z+���X��� j
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�4 � � H Ô+K�L 43
4.1.7 Final Reduction
=E>E?Reduction u d�C[D � w ? νe �Z�ol'm ? K�L W��[q : ÃtW�� � : cut ��� :)j
• Energy cut
7�8 ± :�� b��a1�2�3 H 465�l��Z�ol'm ? K�L ?�� � w d�� 8.0MeV=�>E?ZÎEÏ
�tÐ H�Ñ�Ò�WaÓEq�� u Rn ®� ���� f�;? #�$�%�Ù �0Ú l & ?�Û s ��À � q M]���wg* :�j v ?)Ã�d�������? K�L[�0u 8.0MeV
=0ã�? ����lom z��[q : ,�W ��P j =ã�?��6��W[©;� d N�O�� < *�P Î�Ï �tÐ HZ� 8.0MeV ��� ? ���'l6m z]�Í���¨� j• cos θsun cut
�4.7 u d�� 8 �-P Reduction
z�� ��P�� d 8.0MeV=0ã�?9Î�Ï �;Ð H)ÑZÒ6? �Z�
lom z��[q P cos θsun
¤�¥�z�� � ��q :)jC�D � w ? νe �Z�ol'm£u dtF0G9H m I�J - �!�"�# W"©9B �%$'&�? �! z)(�* ± :Ã�d�F�GaH m�I-J ?�+�, ÝtÞ W.-�q�º6»�� � :Rj v ?)à \ ? νe /10 l6m_u d \ ?�2?43©?�Ñ�Ò�W�5�6 ��7 q :�j�Æ Ý νe /10 l'm£u d � 8 ± : © Å W98: Æ<; W�¤�¥± :)j v ?�Ã�d9C[D � w>= · ± : νe /10 l'm �@?ACB�DFE1G uIH© M9J© G�Ñ�Ò �0�E j � � �LKNM GPO�Q �Eu dRTS � w G νe /10 l'm z]�VUg�¨� Ã�W cos θsun ≤ 0.5G�Ñ�Ò
( H© )z��Eq9W j
SK 1260 days data(E ≥ 8MeV)
0
250
500
750
1000
1250
1500
1750
2000
2250
-1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1cosθsun
cosθsun < 0.5
① ②
③
24.7: SK 1260days cos θsun distribution
4.1.8 Reduction summaryX ãGZY)[�\�]'^ l z�� � W � G /.0 l6m z]d.�9���_GPO<Q'`��[q�Eba9c�dfe Ô�gÄl�h�Ci ± E jNj W d1klY�[�\�]m^ l�n1oZp�h�irq 5 � W /104s'tvu `%w�q 7.x 4.1`�� ±%y
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�4 � d e Ô O�Q 44
Reduction step numer of events for data numer of events for MC
After real time selection 164771273 1533207
First reduction
Fidutial Volume cut 29528788 1103678
Time different cut 23248492
OD trigger cut 21711646
Electronic noise cut 21636900 1103678
goodness cut 21077368 1088997
Flasher cut 15249791 1085178
Spallation cut
Spallation cut 10797241 21% dead time
Second Reduction
New goodness cut 2910763 10.2% cut
Cherencov ring pattern cut 2183473 12.5% cut
Clusfit cut 1497559 1.8% cut
Gamma cut 267996 9.6% cut
lowenergy final sample(E≥4.5MeV) 267996 591005
Final Reduction
Energy ≥ 8.0MeV 40781 346849
cos θsun ≤ 0.5 25004 258852a9c�dfe Ô)g s h)� 25004 258852
x 4.2:k YP[�\�]4^ s n1omp@h�irq 5 /10's4tvu
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�4 � d e Ô O�Q 45
4.2 ��� ������ �� ������������������� ���2
4.7G H© G�Ñ�Ò�� �RTS �"! G
νe /10'smt �%?<ACB�D_E�Ñ9Ò �0� E ii$# `%�'&Í�G n)(+* e]'^ sP/.0ms't � q 5 ��7), E iA��� ! DTERÑZÒ�-/.�E y �106� � q32�74, Ei6587 ! DNE n/(9* ef]'^ s�/�04sCt `%w ,7 � � u4:<;>= G ?4@�?BA # w spallation
products C%DFENiHGI2�7$, E iJ5'7 ! D���K�D ! AJLVUNM"OLG'�1P'Q'`>RTSI-/.9E y/U GÃ)���9�1�<-/� H© G�ÑZÒ'G /10'smt ATV/W 7 ] Ù XZY ��w j UrR�S 0 ! G νe
`8[1E /.0s t i]\/^`_ �<R�S 0 ! G νe aZb p \ n G�ãZc d3Afehg�W y 2 4.8
�i�FK�D ! G�ÑZÒ(a
c d e Ô�g s h Y )G9Î�Ï YtÐ e n$j \ t Y -k. E y
10-3
10-2
10-1
1
10
8 10 12 14 16 18 20MeV
even
ts/d
ay/0
.5M
eV
cosθsun ≤ 0.5
24.8:
acfdfe Ô)g s hiY GZÎEÏ Y"Ð e n>j \ t YlZm �on/p)qCB�DfWvisible
ÎEÏ Y;Ð e : r m � 1 s t WCUu� 0.5MeV.�WZU�G /�0msCt* e t A x V
j W%�FK.G�Ñ9Ò'` Ó8v9E n/(+* e]'^ s�/.0'smt `�w ,7 G 5iw ��x�y)M%z'G1{8| � `w ,�7 � �Z} V_E y
4.3 Detector simulation
4.3.1 B8 ~��/���4��� ���3�k�I��'� RTSZ�d Y ` �Iv�Eo�4�%e t YT� a)b p \ n `@w ,<7 � ;3� Gi�)� d'� n'j \ t YC 5�64VTE C �@�����_` � ,<7 � 1998 � ` J.H.Bahcall,Sarbani Basu,M.H.Pinsonneault`I[ 2@7i�x B�DTW �'� RTS/�1d Y � BP98 [21]A%� , E y K.G BP98
`h[1E 8B�8�<e
t Y%�1G n$j \ t Y A x_ W�G C 2 4.9-/.�E y
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�4 � d e���O�Q
46
1
10
10 2
10 3
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16Energy(MeV)
/cm
2 /sec
/keV
24.9: 8B
�<�%e t Y � a/b p \ n GP?�A)dBP98(Bahcall-Pinsonneault ’98)
A1� , W 8B�<�1e t Y ��G n'j \ t Y y l)m �>�h�<e
t Y%����� Y�� e (MeV): r m � a'b p \ n (/cm2/sec/keV )A x V
4.3.2 νe + p → e+ + n crossection and cos θ distribution
n e�fe���� � s d������4-<G νe /.0_s't �6���<$F&.G �! A���e�� p t i$_ W �o�Pet Y%� - !�"# -k��� O � free proton
A��1e�� p t i$_ W X�� G�(��4�νe + p → e++ n
n + p → d + γ(2.2MeV )
[ U � � VTE y KPG�( �<� <!�"<# `�!)W>�"$#FG "<#�%'&�(8C') 100 * (at 10MeV)�+�
$�&<G�, !Ii S ! G�-�. A 5'/ `�0 D 7�#�) 20 *`#21/� B�D_E /104s t C & , y43�5$6-4�P.Vogel i J.F.Beacom
`h[ 2�7 e�g ! D W�798 %:&9( �'x<y ��� S',�;'G�<$=�>@?A1� , E [22]y 2
4.10�i� K@G'A�B C `8[ 2�7 e g ! D�W νep
G�7 8�D &$( i �:0�E _ Wνe iN���9_ W e+ G:F�G�<�>9? (cos θ)
-/. E yKPG�2 0 ! �8�%e t Y �.G��9� Y�� e C u MeV-/� � � � VTE e+
� �<��e t Y1�.G'0E$H�I i ( J'`$��E<G�`�J _ ��K u MeV-/��(4LhVTENM C > 0 E y K�Dk�$�4�%e t Y1� -,$;�798�G�O�P iRQ G E+M 0 ! �RTS 0 ! G νe /104smt i�S�T V_E+M�G@�UZEVXW G�YZ -k. E y
j Wi�"K)KT- ��� V_E e+ G���� Y�� e)�Ee+ = Eν − 1.293 − α
ifG E y K)K - α�i� �
1 [$\�] i e+ G ��� _ W'< ='`8[1E+^4_�->�BKPG αG+`9a+A2b
_ W�c C�d 4.11 i+d 4.12-8.�e yIU�f�g�f �
0 [�\$] (Ee+ = Eν − 1.293)� �
1 [�\$]A1� , W νe i e+c ��� Y�� e9c�h�ikA x _+j/, e y �
0 \9] -/� νe
c��@� Yk� e/� e+
c���� Y�� e9`+J _�j ; l -k.�e C � �1 \$] -4��m C U6ANn w�M C > 0 e y'3@5�6 c]�%� * e�]'^ s -/�i�FK�c �
1 \�] `8[4e e+c��@� Y�� e � cos θ
>�?)�:798 %�&$( A6�, e y
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�4 � d e������
47
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20MeVCrossection
-0.04
-0.03
-0.02
-0.01
0
0.01
0.02
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20MeVCostheta distribution
d 4.10: crossection & cos θ>�?
� c d � �4� _�� e+ c�<9=FA ( > _+j F�G�� _�� νepc�7 8 %'&�( [10−42cm2]:
� c d �0$E _�� νe ���9_� e+c�F G�<�=$>�?
(< cos θ >)A x V y
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14ν–
e energy(MeV)
e+ ene
rgy(
MeV
)
d 4.11: 0th order output positron energy
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14ν–
e energy(MeV)
e+ ene
rgy(
MeV
)
d 4.12: 1st order output positron energy
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�4 � ��� ����� 48
4.3.3 Expected ��� � ���� }_ � 8B�8� � t� ��c� j � t Y �'x y�798 %4&9( AT� , ��� !�� V/W j c 8B�I� ��� � � C νe
��� � _���� .4��� � � 8B�h� ��� � � C V)W j νe
c����SK���� _ ��� .kc�7 8 �kc�,$;)�$xhy"!�,9;�c �)� j#��� Y A%$ _��# c C@d 4.13
-k.�e'&
1
10
10 2
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16visible Energy(MeV)
even
ts/d
ay /M
eV /2
2.5k
ton
νee- → νee
-ν–
ep → e++n
d 4.13: 1)� � f e �)� j �(� YK:c d$C bkVB[�) � � νe *,+�- � � νe *+.- � � !)W��F[ / V W G visible
��� Yk�0�A � V�eNM C > 0 e1&� � � 8B�o� ��� � � C " j νe
�2� � _ �3 c a>b54 � � � }"_ � 7�8 %&4( � cos θ>
?<AJL�/7698�:N�����kc5;��1� *%� ;�< - A2= , �5� !2� �?> Y5� � � %@�A c ReductionA 0 v � ��c4�@� Y��5� j#�B� Y A d 4.14� bkV9&
4.4 CEDGF H�IKJGLNMPO QKR SUTWVNXGY[Z]\_^[IG`baKcd � c � � � � �"e�x�y�;��i� f � ;�< - A%��g � �'� dkc ��� �ZA�h � e/�8� ��� �� � d�� c \)^ e• i"�Wjlk #m -on9p Lrq e�s�)ot i�u � ��v - �7w nyx• z ! j c i"� n K�>�VXW�g• {�|.w nW}�e$O�~ wo�B� q• �#�,���0� ;w ��g ��� . � e z !��W��� U q�e 7�5� � f e p ,�;h�8� ��� � �5� � 4 � 9c �5�� w�� ��� &y��c'��� w b�� � c n d 4.15 k�� e'&
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�4 � ��� ����� 49
10-3
10-2
10-1
1
10
10 2
8 10 12 14 16 18 20Energy(MeV)
even
ts/d
ay /0
.5M
eV
cosθsun ≤ 0.5
d 4.14: Expected�� �����
8B�)� �K� � � n q�� j νe
��� �B� � �� � j � -�� �� ;��%� f � ; < - w =rg1eq�� j c Reduction w ��� � � c���c k�� e�&������ visible��� ���0� e������ *,+�-� f ���?w $�q9&
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�4 � ��� ����� 50
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
8 10 12 14 16 18 20Energy(MeV)
Upp
er li
mit
(%
: 9
0%C
L)
1.75%
d 4.15: z !5�(�+c νe
� � 4 � @c ���������� 1�� � f � ��� � �0� :����� z ! jlki�4� � � 8B
,�;������ �K� ��� n " j νe
�� �B�7e8B��� � � �� c9�� �(� �rw��� � � �9� �� �o� � � � �� � ��� . � 1
� � f e *+�- ����w���� � e SK k�1�� � f � *,+�- ���.w ��g j �$c�� �9� (90%CL)w�y� � �"�l�
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�4 � ����� ��� 51
��� c���� k �Φ(νe)/ΦBP98(
8B) ≤ 1.75%(90%CL)
≤ 1.77%(95%CL)
g.)���� w�� � &[ � e�� ������� - � � �� - ��� �� ������� - � ��w ��� 4 � � -�� � �,� ���w�� g1e��@A�c�� �%x�W�c���� w�� � � � e� "! n ��# t e $&% ��',��(*)yw%�r� e+��-,K�'g �"�l� w%� � e1&�" � �&��� -.� � �0/ � j ��� 4 � � -�� � � �'c w $K� � c n d 4.16 k�� e�& @lA �d 4.17
� ��-��1� � ������0� -�� � ��/ q�e ��c w $�� j g e'&
1
10
10 2
10 3
10 4
8 10 12 14 16 18 20
IDEntriesMeanRMS
100 25004
9.320 1.216
Constant 15.45Slope -0.7841
d 4.16: Fitting for final sample�� ������� -+� � �2/ q�e5�� 4 � � -�� :� ���visible
$"% �3'0� (MeV)e�� ��� *+.- � � w $�q
energy spectrum
1
10
10 2
10 3
10 4
8 10 12 14 16 18 20
IDEntriesMeanRMS
100 433476
10.03 1.501
Constant 0.3936E+05Mean 8.262Sigma 2.415
d 4.17: Fitting for MC sample
��- �&� � ���&�0� -+� � �2/ qke��� 4� � -�� :
�����visible
$&% �3'0� (MeV)e
����� *,+W- � ��w $�q� c 2
x�c���� 4 � � -+� ���&� �(��e ��� � f e *0+.- � � c��4"5�6 ��7 8 �?e���-,K�'g �"�l� c�$&% �3'0�2(�)yw%� ��� ��c n d 4.18 k�� e1&� c d s / e�� ��, ��g ����� w a39�e�$% �3'5�2(*) � 12.4MeV ∼ 13.2MeV g);: n�< �3= � &#� � e � c>$&% ��'"��? � 0.8MeV kr� / e ��@ � � ���� c"$% �
',��? �.A�B k�� = � : n < � e1&� c�$&% �C'5��? ��D �@e ���l� �Φ(νe)/ΦBP98(
8B) ≤ 1.54%(90%CL)
k � e1&
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�4 � ����� ��� 52
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
8 10 12 14 16 18 20
★
Best bin is
12.4MeV - 13.2MeV
Lower bin
Hig
her
bin
d 4.18:� � ,K�og ���l� c�$&% �C'5�2(�)
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1T2�W�U'
µT5\n*o06 <*p w T0�>V� 5 ��+B}0~ (*) ���@+ � � �0q µ
T�5>x y wS� �\$ � '�=d) � ?BA F T;n*o��&����&� T���2V � � �25 � �Y�� $0��$ � '2qU� +O}W~ (*) ���E+ � � � SK59(�) ���� 'y�W��� � q r � 5��J%S�>�9� ��� w�� :U'��.=>0l�m>� µ
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�4 � (g) ����� 53
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�4 � (g)�� ��� 54
(A)final data sample
0250050007500
10000
x 10
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
IDEntriesMeanRMS
110 5012738
99.72 57.80
DT(sec)
(B)random data sample
0200040006000
x 10 3
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
IDEntriesMeanRMS
210 50
100.0 57.69
DT(sec)
(C) (A)-Scaled(B)
0
2000
4000
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
IDEntriesMeanRMS
310 5012788
50.13 58.02
DT(sec)
@4.19:
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�4 � (g)�� ��� 55
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20Energy(MeV)
Per
cent
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0
20
40
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perc
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�4 � (g)�� ��� 56
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0
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@4.22: DL
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�4 � F > � ��� 57
(C) (A)-Scaled(B)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
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0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200DT(sec)
@4.23: SK
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0
1000
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4000
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0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200DT(sec)
@4.24: SK
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�4 � F > � ��� 58
0
250
500
750
1000
1250
1500
1750
2000
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000sec
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run1742(0-5sec)
0250050007500
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run5204(0-5sec)
02000400060008000
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
run8656(0-5sec)
0
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�4 � F > � ��� 59
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9MeV > Energy ≥ 8MeV
0
1000
2000
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200DT(sec)
10MeV > Energy ≥ 9MeV
0500
10001500
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200DT(sec)
11MeV > Energy ≥ 10MeV
-2000
200400600
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200DT(sec)
@4.27:
��O� � > #/BJR �� ~ UJV � µ C( ��O� � > &�'H)E+ #WMWN&}���X 1
12MeV > Energy ≥ 11MeV
-200
0
200
400
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200DT(sec)
13MeV > Energy ≥ 12MeV
-1000
100200
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200DT(sec)
14MeV > Energy ≥ 13MeV
0
100
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200DT(sec)
@4.28:
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15MeV > Energy ≥ 14MeV
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65
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[2] The Super-Kamiokande Collaboration, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81 (1998) 1562-1567
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[5] cisneros,Astrop.Space.Sci.10(1971)87
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[20] The Super-Kamiokande Collaboration, Nucl. Instr. Meth. A 458(2000)636-647
[21] J.H.Bahcall,Sarbani Basu,M.H.Pinsonneault,Phys.Lett.B433:1,1998
[22] P.Vogel and J.F.Beacom,Phys.Rev.D.60(1999)053003
[23] K.Inoue, Super-Kamiokande Note 94-07(1994)
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