12-3 Notes: Rise of Greek Cities
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Transcript of 12-3 Notes: Rise of Greek Cities
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12-3 Notes: Rise of Greek Cities
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Homer• Poet who is thought
to have lived sometime between 800 and 700 B.C.E.
• Wrote epic poems such as Odyssey and Iliad
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Herodotus• “Father of History”
lived between c. 484 and 425 B.C.E.
• Often credited as the first person to systematically gather evidence, test their accuracy, and arrange them to create narrative stories of the past (“history”)
• The Histories is his only known work
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Rise of the Polis• 1500 B.C.E.,
Mycenaean civilization dominates Greece
• By the 700s B.C.E., new independent city-states(“polis”) became cultural centers of Greece
• Athens, Sparta
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Acropolis – Large hill where city residents could find shelter in times of war
Agora – Clearing near the Acropolis where people would trade; marketplace, meeting place
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Government in Greek City States• Citizenship – Leaders of
governments had to be citizens of their polis
• Naturally born native, free men only
• Women, slaves have less rights
• 600 B.C.E. – Greek city of Athens ruled by an oligarchy, a system of government in which the most rich and powerful citizens control most decision making
• Athens was also ruled by a monarchy, a system of government ruled by one person
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Sparta• 700 B.C.E. –
Sparta covers most of southern Peloponnesus and was Greece’s largest polis
• Slavery common in Sparta – 7 to 1 slave ratio at times
• 600s B.C.E. – Spartans forced to crush slave revolt; militarize their state
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Spartan Children• Boys and girls begin school
at age 7• Boys enter the agoge
system, a highly rigorous education system that included military training, education, social preparation
• Starting at the age of 20, Spartan boys served the army for 10 years
• Spartan women went to school and trained vigorously to become strong women, mostly to become strong mothers
• Women engaged in business, public life
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Athenian Children• Athenian girls spent
their time at home, helping their mothers weave cloth or farm
• Athenian boys worked in the fields or in workshops
• Some parents could afford to send their children to school to study reading, writing, and physical education
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Democracy in Athens• Over time, poorer
people began to grow unhappy with Athens’ government, which was dominated by richer people
• Government slowly began to include large meetings where all people could participate in decision making
• Democracy – “rule by the people”