11th Edition - 2009 Chapter 16: Tourism Planning, Development, and Social Considerations Tourism:...
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Transcript of 11th Edition - 2009 Chapter 16: Tourism Planning, Development, and Social Considerations Tourism:...
11th Edition - 2009 Chapter 16: Tourism Planning, Development, and Social Considerations
Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies
Part Four: Tourism Supply, Demand, Planning and Development
• Identifying the factors that determine the success of a tourism destination
• Relate tourism planning to tourism policy
• Discover what the goals of tourism development should be
• Recognize that some serious barriers to tourism development must be overcome if a desired growth is to occur
• Learn the political and economic aspects of development including those related to developing countries
• Appreciate the importance of architectural design and concern for heritage preservation, local handicrafts, and use of indigenous materials in creating tourist facilities
Learning Objectives
11th Edition - 2009 Chapter 16: Tourism Planning, Development, and Social Considerations
Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies
Part Four: Tourism Supply, Demand, Planning and Development
The Ritchie/Crouch Modelof
11th Edition - 2009 Chapter 16: Tourism Planning, Development, and Social Considerations
Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies
Part Four: Tourism Supply, Demand, Planning and Development
Relating Tourism Planningto Tourism Policy
SIMILARITIES1. They both deal with the future development of a tourism
destination or region;2. They both emphasize the strategic dimensions of managerial
action–although planning must also address a number of tactical concerns.
DIFFERENCES1. Policy formulation is definitely very “big picture” while much
of planning is characterized by an attention to detail;2. Policy formulation is a creative, intellectual process, while
planning is generally a more constrained exercise;3. Policy, and particularly its visioning component, has a very
long-term strategic emphasis, while planning tends to be more restrictive in its time horizon. A one-year planning cycle is not uncommon, although 3-5 year plans are a possibility. In contrast, destination visions may have a 5, 10, 50, or even a 100 year time horizon;
4. Policy formulation must allow for as yet unseen circumstances and technologies to be considered. In contrast, planning tends to assume current conditions and technologies, with some allowances for predictable, or evolutionary change;
5. Policy formulation tends to emphasize a systematic determination of “WHAT” should be done in long-term tourism development, while planning tends to emphasize the “HOW” for the achievement of specific destination goals.
11th Edition - 2009 Chapter 16: Tourism Planning, Development, and Social Considerations
Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies
Part Four: Tourism Supply, Demand, Planning and Development
Some Advantages of Tourism
• Provide employment opportunities
• Generates foreign exchange
• Increases incomes
• Increases GNP
• Development of tourism infrastructure helps to stimulate local commerce and industry
• Justifies environmental protection and improvement
• Increase governmental revenues
• Diversifies the economy
• Creates a favorable worldwide image for the destination
• Facilitates the process of modernization
• Provides tourist and recreation al facilities for the local population
• Provides foreigners and opportunity to be favorable impressed by little-known nation or regions
11th Edition - 2009 Chapter 16: Tourism Planning, Development, and Social Considerations
Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies
Part Four: Tourism Supply, Demand, Planning and Development
Some Disadvantages of Tourism
1. Develops excess demand
2. Creates leakages so great that economic benefits do not accrue
3. Diverts funds from more promising forms of economic development
4. Creates social problems from income differences, social differences, introduction of prostitution, gambling, crime, and so on
5. Degrades the natural physical environment
6. Degrades the cultural environment
7. Poses the difficulties of seasonality
8. Increases vulnerability to economic and political changes
9. Adds to inflation of land values and the price of local goods and services
11th Edition - 2009 Chapter 16: Tourism Planning, Development, and Social Considerations
Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies
Part Four: Tourism Supply, Demand, Planning and Development
The Planning Process
1. Define the system and formulate objectives
2. Gather data
3. Analyze and interpret
4. Create the preliminary plan
5. Approve the plan
6. Create the final plan
7. Implement the plan
11th Edition - 2009 Chapter 16: Tourism Planning, Development, and Social Considerations
Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies
Part Four: Tourism Supply, Demand, Planning and Development
An Overview of the Tourism Planning Process
STAGE 1
Definethe
System
In doing so, ensure that
the definitions
for the policy
formulation and
destination planning are consistent
STAGE 2
GatherNecessar
yData
Again, much of the data
used for policy
formulation may be
helpful for the planning
processHowever, additional and much
more detailed
data will be required for the planning
process
STAGE 3
Analyze &Interpret
Data
In doing so, it is useful to
relate data to the specific facilities, events,
activities, and programs that impact on the factors that
determine/influence
destinationsuccess
STAGE 4
CreatePreliminary
Plan
The plan should start to make
clear the detailed nature of the facilities,
events, activities, and programs that will deliver the
unique high quality
destination experience that will enhance the competitivenes
s of the destination
within strategic market
segments
STAGE 5
ApprovethePlan
It is critical to ensure that
where approval is required no
relevant stakeholders
are overlooked
STAGE 6
Createthe
Final Plan
At this stage, the level of
detail becomes
increasingly rigorous and
directly related to the
specific geography, legislation, financing,
and timing of the
“real world”
STAGE 7
ImplementthePlan
This stage allocates
responsibility for
development actions to specific
individuals and
organizations, defines the
exact timing of these
actions, and establishes
contingencies for
unexpected occurrences.
This stage also monitors,
follows up, and evaluates
11th Edition - 2009 Chapter 16: Tourism Planning, Development, and Social Considerations
Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies
Part Four: Tourism Supply, Demand, Planning and Development
Goals of Tourism Development
1. Provide a framework for raising the living standard of the people through the economic benefits of tourism
2. Develop an infrastructure and provide recreation facilities for visitors and residents alike
3. Ensure development within visitor center and resorts is appropriate to those areas
4. Establish a development program consistent with the cultural, social, and economic philosophy of the government and people of that region
5. Optimize visitor satisfaction
© John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2009