1/16/01 Miller CSC309 1 Ch1 Unwrapping the Gift. 1/27/09 Miller CSC309 2 Change “Everything that...

1/16/01 Miller CSC309

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Ch1 Unwrapping the Gift


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Change“Everything that can be invented has been invented” – Charles Duell, Director of the U.S. Patent Office, 1899.

In 1943 IBM almost did not get into the computer business because they estimated the world need for computers at five. By 1994 weekly production of chips was approximately one billion.


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A Little History1642 - Blaise Pascal begins work on a mechanical calculator. 1801 – Joseph-Marie Jacquard invents an automated loom.1822 – Charles Babbage completes working model of his “Difference Engine”. Designed“Analytical Engine” while working on previous design. Work documented by Lord Byron’s daughter, Augusta Ada Byron, Countess of Lovelace.


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A Little History1890 – Herman Hollerith uses punched cards and equipment he has invented to complete the US census in six weeks (1880 census took nine years).1924 - Hollerith’s Tabulating-Recording Company becomes IBM.1945 – ENIAC completed. 1951 – EDVAC, the first stored program, built by John von Neumann.


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A Little History1954 – UNIVAC I becomes first computer sold to Defense Department.1954-57 – Fortran (it was FORTRAN then)1955 – Transistors used in a computer.1959 – Integrated circuits.1960 – IBM 1620 “CADET”1964 – IBM System/360 and DEC PDP-8.1977 – Personal computers. (Apple II, TRS80, Commodore PET.)1981 – IBM PC


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Issues

• Unemployment

• Alienation and customer service

• Crime

• Loss of privacy

• Errors

The introduction of computers into a wide variety of areas such as banking, education, communication, etc. raise concerns about:


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Themes

Changes in technology usually require adaptive changes in laws, social institutions, policies, and personal skills and attitudes.

(New technology can make actions possible that did not exist when existing laws were written and therefore or neither illegal or criminal.)


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ThemesAs cyberspace develops, it will have many of the problems, annoyances, and controversiesof noncyber life: crime, pornography, pedophiles, hate speech, violent fiction, advertising, copy-right infringement, gambling, etc.

(The root of the problem is not always the computer but may be human nature, lack of ethics, politics, or other factors.)


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ThemesDiversity/variation in:In the quality and accessibility of computer resources.

In the policies adopted by businesses, producers, and users.

In the preferences for products and services,safety, privacy, work environment, etc.


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Themes

There are going to be differences between personal choices, policies of businesses and organizations, and the law.

Responsibility


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ObservationsTechnology is amoral.

If something is technologically possible, somebody is going to do it.

If something is created, it will probably be both used and abused.

(David Coursey 12/19/01)


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Benefits• Common uses (word processing, spread

sheets, database)• Communications and Information

Services (e-mail, web news, library document identification and retrieval, weather)

• Automobiles (fuel efficiency, warning systems, radar, infrared, GPS, automatic messaging, design)


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Education and Training

• Crime Fighting

• Medical Devices

• Patient Records

• Databases and Information Systems

• Medical Diagnosis

• Telemedicine

• Automation


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Automation

• Computer controlled production

• Computer controlled inventory

• Computer controlled distribution

• Use of robots


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Benefits for the Disabled

Input and output devices, speech synthesizers, brail output, text size output, (any fine motor skill can be used to communicate with a computer – current efforts are into communication by thinking about it), voice activation, macular degeneration advances, limb

and organ replacement.


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Other Benefits

Identification Systems: Bar codes, credit cards, smart cards, product tracking.

Paper reduction: Great promise not much results.

Data retrieval, major advance.


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EveEuropean researchers have developed a robot called Eve that uses artificial intelligence, data mining, and knowledge discovery technology to analyze the results of the pharmacological experiments that it conducts. Eve is the first robot-based computer system capable of originating its own experiments, physically performing them, interpreting the results, and repeating the cycle. ICT Results (02/02/09)


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VeriChipFirst installed in a person in December of 2001, the VeriChip extends the chip implant practicesused to identify and track livestock, pets, and even salmon. Described as the size of a Tic Tacmint and inserted under the skin current versions store approximately one paragraph of information and can be used to keep track ofhardware (pacemakers etc.) implanted in a person. Also used for identification.


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Israeli start-up, VeterixDeveloped an electronic capsule that sits in the stomach of a cow, sheep, or goat, sending out real-time information on the health of the herd, to the farmer via Email or cell phone. The e-capsule, which also sends out alerts if animals are distressed, injured, or lost, is also used for identification.

Israel21c Karin Kloosterman December 31, 2006


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Japanese Billboards Are Watching Back

A small camera, connected to image-processing software, has been set up above a flat-panel display. A second camera, tied to a PC using image detection software, is used to estimate how many people standing in front of The signboard ads actually look at them.

IDG News Service (12/12/08) Williams, Martyn


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'Smart' Cameras Are Watching You

Ohio State University (OSU) researchers are developing a "smart" surveillance system that will be able to determine if a person on the street appears to be lost or is acting suspiciously. The goal is to create a network of smart video cameras that will allow officers to quickly and efficiently observe and monitor a wide area. The Lantern (Ohio State University) (01/09/09) Gorder, Pam Frost


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New Car Capabilities1. Can call the police if you seem to be driving impaired.2. Can call home if you ever go by location X.3. Can tell the officer exactly how fast you were traveling.4. Can tell the officer where you were when.AND5. Call for help if airbag deployed.6. Give early alert on low tire pressure.7. Assist you in stopping vehicle. Etc.


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First Gulfport Black Box Conviction 7/10/09

The “Black Box” on the 2007 GMC truck, reported Taylor was northbound and traveling 52 mph in a 30-mph zone on Mark West Road five seconds before the accident and that she had increased her speed to 57 mph one second before she struck and killed Kelly.


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Lots of Benefits, but -

The use of computers generally adds significant efficiency, convenience, and options but we need to be aware of the negative aspects such as loss of privacy and threats to safety and freedom and make ethical judgments on how to deal with the negative side.

1/16/01 Miller CSC309 1 Ch1 Unwrapping the Gift. 1/27/09 Miller CSC309 2 Change “Everything that...

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