11.4 Kingdom Fungi

7/30/2019 11.4 Kingdom Fungi

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KINGDOM FUNGI


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20. 4 a) Describe the unique characteristics of Fungi

b) State the classification of Fungi into the three major phyla

c) Describe the structure of the three phyla

d) Discuss the importance of Fungi


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CHAPTER: BIODIVERSITY

Lesson Objective:

a) Describe the unique characteristics of Fungi

Characteristics of fungi

Generally multicellular eukaryotes

Heterotrophic:

i. Some are saprophytic ( saprobes )

~ Cells release digestive enzymes & absorb nutrientmolecules from dead organic substances

ii. Some are parasitic

~ Absorb nutrients from living hosts

iii. Several have mutualistic relationships


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Mutualistic relationships:

*Lichens

~ Association between fungi andgreen algae or cyanobacteria

~ Fungi absorbs nutrients from thealgae / cyanobacteria

~ Fungi also provides suitableenvironment for growth of thealgae / cyanobacteria

~ Both can live in areas of extremeconditions & contribute to soilformation

CHAPTER:BIODIVERSITY

Lesson Objective:



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CHAPTER : BIODIVERSITY

Fungi are different from plants:

~ Lack chloroplasts

~ Cell wall contains chitin

~ Energy reserve is glycogen

Vegetative structure: hyphae

Reproduction: produce spores ( asexually or sexually )

Classification based on type of sexual reproductive structure

Lesson Objective:


Characteristics of fungi


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CHAPTER : BIODIVERSITY

Vegetative structure

- Filamentous body plan

- The filaments called hyphae

- Hyphae: - long, branched & threadlike, may absorb nutrients

- form a mass called mycelium

Lesson Objective:



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- Types of hyphae:

1. Coenocytic ( nonseptate )

hyphae not divided into cells, multinucleated

2. Septate

hyphae are divided, by cross walls called septa, into individual cellscontaining one or more nuclei

Lesson Objective:




Reproduction of fungi

Most reproduce by forming spores

Spores are produced on specialized aerial hyphae or in specializedspore-forming structures ( eg: sporangium )

Spores will germinate, forming new hyphae

Spores produced sexually or asexually

Lesson Objective:




Lesson Objective:

b) State the classification of Fungi into thethree major phyla

Classification of Fungi based on types of spore-bearing structure:

PhylumZygomycotaEg: Rhizopus

PhylumAscomycota

Eg:Penicillium

PhylumBasidiomycotaEg:Agaricus


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Lesson Objective:


Phylum Zygomycota Phylum Ascomycota Phylum Basidiomycota

Sexual spores Zygospores Ascospores Basidiospores

Sexual reproductivestructure

Zygosporangium Asci ( ascus ~singular ),found within ascocarps

Basidia ( basidium ~sing. ),found in basidiocarps

Hyphae Coenocytic Septate Septate

Type of reproduction Asexual and sexual Asexual and sexual Sexual (asexualreproduction:uncommon )

Asexual reproduction Nonmotile spores formedin sporangium

Conidia ( spores ) dispersedoff from end of conidiophores

Conidia ( uncommon )

Common types Black bread molds Penicillium, Saccharomyces,Molds, leaf-spot fungi, yeasts

Mushrooms, bracket fungi



Fungi: Difference in sexual reproductive structure

Lesson Objective:



12/14CHAPTER: BIODIVERSITY

Lesson Objective:

d) Discuss the importance of Fungi

Importance of Fungi:

i. Decomposers recycling materials

ii. Symbionts ( eg: lichens contribute to soil formation )

iii. Disease-causing pathogens( eg: causing ringworm, athletes foot )

iv. Commercial importance in food production ( fermented food )( eg: yeasts, mushrooms)

v. Formedical purpose / pharmaceutical ( eg: production of penicillin fromPenicillium)

vi. Forbiotechnology( eg: Neurospora) &biological control of pests


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. A fermentation startercontaining the

spores offungusRhizopus oligosporusismixed in. Thebeans are spread into a thin

layer and are allowed to ferment for 24 to

36 hours at a temperature around 30 C

(86 F). In good tempe, the beans are

knitted together by a mat of white mycelia.

Tempe is produced through fermentation

with the aid of the micro fungus Rhizopus

oligosporus
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentation_starterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentation_starterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhizopus_oligosporushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsiushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrenheithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myceliahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myceliahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrenheithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsiushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhizopus_oligosporushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentation_starterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentation_starterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentation_starter


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11.4 Kingdom Fungi

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