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Android Overview

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Why Mobile App Development?

The fact that we can! Only a few years ago you had tobe in the Motorola inner circle to do it!

Mobile platform is the platform of the future

Double-digit growth in world-wide smartphone ownership3

Job market is hot Market for mobile software surges from $4.1 billion in 2009 to

$17.5 billion by 20121

2010 Dice.com survey: 72% of recruiters looking for iPhone appdevelopers, 60% for Android1

Dice.com: mobile app developers made $85,000 in 2010 andsalaries expected to rise2

Students (and faculty!) are naturally interested!1

http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/oct2010/tc20101020_639668.htm2 http://it-jobs.fins.com/Articles/SB129606993144879991/Mobile-App-Developers-Wanted-at-Ad-Agencies3http://www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=1466313

http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/oct2010/tc20101020_639668.htmhttp://it-jobs.fins.com/Articles/SB129606993144879991/Mobile-App-Developers-Wanted-at-Ad-Agencieshttp://www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=1466313http://www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=1466313http://it-jobs.fins.com/Articles/SB129606993144879991/Mobile-App-Developers-Wanted-at-Ad-Agencieshttp://it-jobs.fins.com/Articles/SB129606993144879991/Mobile-App-Developers-Wanted-at-Ad-Agencieshttp://it-jobs.fins.com/Articles/SB129606993144879991/Mobile-App-Developers-Wanted-at-Ad-Agencieshttp://it-jobs.fins.com/Articles/SB129606993144879991/Mobile-App-Developers-Wanted-at-Ad-Agencieshttp://it-jobs.fins.com/Articles/SB129606993144879991/Mobile-App-Developers-Wanted-at-Ad-Agencieshttp://it-jobs.fins.com/Articles/SB129606993144879991/Mobile-App-Developers-Wanted-at-Ad-Agencieshttp://it-jobs.fins.com/Articles/SB129606993144879991/Mobile-App-Developers-Wanted-at-Ad-Agencieshttp://it-jobs.fins.com/Articles/SB129606993144879991/Mobile-App-Developers-Wanted-at-Ad-Agencieshttp://it-jobs.fins.com/Articles/SB129606993144879991/Mobile-App-Developers-Wanted-at-Ad-Agencieshttp://it-jobs.fins.com/Articles/SB129606993144879991/Mobile-App-Developers-Wanted-at-Ad-Agencieshttp://it-jobs.fins.com/Articles/SB129606993144879991/Mobile-App-Developers-Wanted-at-Ad-Agencieshttp://it-jobs.fins.com/Articles/SB129606993144879991/Mobile-App-Developers-Wanted-at-Ad-Agencieshttp://it-jobs.fins.com/Articles/SB129606993144879991/Mobile-App-Developers-Wanted-at-Ad-Agencieshttp://it-jobs.fins.com/Articles/SB129606993144879991/Mobile-App-Developers-Wanted-at-Ad-Agencieshttp://it-jobs.fins.com/Articles/SB129606993144879991/Mobile-App-Developers-Wanted-at-Ad-Agencieshttp://it-jobs.fins.com/Articles/SB129606993144879991/Mobile-App-Developers-Wanted-at-Ad-Agencieshttp://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/oct2010/tc20101020_639668.htmhttp://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/oct2010/tc20101020_639668.htm

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Why Android?

A lot of students have them

2010 survey by University of CO1: 22% of collegestudents have Android phone (26% Blackberry, 40%

iPhone) Gartner survey2: Android used on 22.7% of

smartphones sold world-wide in 2010 (37.6%Symbian, 15.7% iOS)

Students already know Java and Eclipse Low learning curve

CS0 students can useApp Inventorfor Android

1http://testkitchen.colorado.edu/projects/reports/smartphone/smartphone-appendix1/2http://www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=1543014

http://appinventor.googlelabs.com/about/http://testkitchen.colorado.edu/projects/reports/smartphone/smartphone-appendix1/http://www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=1543014http://www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=1543014http://testkitchen.colorado.edu/projects/reports/smartphone/smartphone-appendix1/http://testkitchen.colorado.edu/projects/reports/smartphone/smartphone-appendix1/http://testkitchen.colorado.edu/projects/reports/smartphone/smartphone-appendix1/http://appinventor.googlelabs.com/about/

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Why Android?

Transferring app to phone is trivial

Can distribute by putting it on the web

Android Market for wider distribution

Its not 1984

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Types of

Android

Devices

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Brief History

1996

The WWW already had websites with color andimages

But, the best phones displayed a couple of linesof monochrome text!

Enter:

Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) stripped downHTTP for bandwidth reduction

Wireless Markup Language (WML) stripped downHTML for content

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Brief History

Many issues (WAP = Wait And Pay)

Few developers to produce content (it wasnt fun!)

Really hard to type in URLs using the smallkeyboards

Data fees frightfully expensive

No billing mechanism content difficult to

monetize Other platforms emerged

Palm OS, Blackberry OS, J2ME, Symbian(Nokia), BREW, OS X iPhone, Windows Mobile

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Brief History - Android

2005 Google acquires startup Android Inc. to start Android platform Work on Dalvik VM begins

2007

Open Handset Alliance announced Early look at SDK

2008 Google sponsors 1st Android Developer Challenge T-Mobile G1 announced

SDK 1.0 released Android released open source (Apache License) Android Dev Phone 1 released

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Brief History cont.

2009 SDK 1.5 (Cupcake)

New soft keyboard with autocomplete feature

SDK 1.6 (Donut) Support Wide VGA

SDK 2.0/2.0.1/2.1 (Eclair) Revamped UI, browser

2010 Nexus One released to the public SDK 2.2 (Froyo)

Flash support, tethering

SDK 2.3 (Gingerbread) UI update, system-wide copy-paste

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Brief History cont.

2011

SDK 3.0/3.1/3.2 (Honeycomb) for tablets only

New UI for tablets, support multi-core processors

SDK 4.0/4.0.1/4.0.2/4.0.3 (Ice Cream Sandwich)

Changes to the UI, Voice input, NFC

Ice cream SandwiAndroid 4.0+

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The Android Developer

Website

http://developer.android.com/index.html

This should be your homepage for the nextsemester!

http://developer.android.com/index.htmlhttp://developer.android.com/index.html

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Distribution of Devices

Data collected during a 14-day period ending on January 3, 2012

http://developer.android.com/resources/dashboard/platform-

versions.html

http://developer.android.com/resources/dashboard/platform-versions.htmlhttp://developer.android.com/resources/dashboard/platform-versions.htmlhttp://developer.android.com/resources/dashboard/platform-versions.htmlhttp://developer.android.com/resources/dashboard/platform-versions.htmlhttp://developer.android.com/resources/dashboard/platform-versions.html

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What is Google Android?

A software stack for mobile devices that includes An operating system Middleware Key Applications

Uses Linux to provide core system services Security Memory management Process management Power management Hardware drivers

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Mobile Devices: Advantages (as

compared to fixed devices)

Always with the user

Typically have Internet access

Typically GPS enabled Typically have accelerometer & compass

Most have cameras & microphones

Many apps are free or low-cost

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Mobile Devices: Disadvantages

Limited screen size

Limited battery life

Limited processor speed

Limited and sometimes slow network access Limited or awkward input: soft keyboard, phone

keypad, touch screen, or stylus

Limited web browser functionality Range of platforms & configurations across

devices

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Android Apps

Built using Java and new SDK libraries

No support for some Java libraries like Swing &AWT

Oracle currently suing Google over use

Java code compiled into Dalvik byte code(.dex)

Optimized for mobile devices (better memorymanagement, battery utilization, etc.)

Dalvik VM runs .dex files

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Building and running (more

details)

Expandfigure

Android InterfaceDefinitionLanguage (AIDL)Definitions toexchange databetweenapplications (thinkSOAP)

http://developer.android.com/guide/de

veloping/building/index.html#detailed-

build

Android Asset Packing Tool

Allows processes acrossapps to communicate.

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Applications Are Boxed

By default, each app is run in its own Linuxprocess

Process started when apps code needs to be

executed Threads can be started to handle time-consuming

operations

Each process has its own Dalvik VM

By default, each app is assigned unique Linux ID

Permissions are set so apps files are only visible to

that app

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Publishing and Monetizing

Paid apps in Android Market, various othermarkets

Free, ad-supported apps in Android Market Ad networks (Google AdMob, Quattro Wireless) Sell your own ads

Services to other developers Ex. Skyhook Wireless

(http://www.skyhookwireless.com/) Contests (Android Developer Challenge) Selling products from within your app

http://www.skyhookwireless.com/http://www.skyhookwireless.com/

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Android Market

http://www.android.com/market/

Has various categories, allows ratings

Have both free/paid apps

Featured apps on web and on phone

The Android Market (and iTunes/App Store) is

great for developers Level playing field, allowing third-party apps

Revenue sharing

http://www.android.com/market/http://www.android.com/market/

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Publishing to Android Market

Requires Google Developer Account

$25 fee

Link to a Merchant Account

Google Checkout

Link to your checking account

Google takes 30% of app purchase price

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Android Design Philosophy

Applications should be: Fast

Resource constraints:

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Leveraging the web

To keep your apps fast and responsive,consider how you can leverage the web

What ____________ can be ________ on a

server or in the cloud? Tasks/performed

Data/persisted

Data/retrieved

Beware, data transfer is also expensive and canbe slow

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Apple vs. Google

Open Handset Alliance

30+ technology companies

Commitment to openness, shared vision, and

concrete plans

Compare with Mac/PC battles

Similar (many PC manufacturers, one Apple)

Different (Microsoft sells Windows, Google givesaway Android)