1. 1. BASIC CONCEPT & BEHAVIOUR OF FIRE National Civil Defence Cadet Corps
2. 2. By the end of the lesson, cadets should be able to: State the definition of a fire State the 4 classes of fire Explain the development of a fire Explain the actions to take in the event of a fire LEARNING OBJECTIVES
3. 3. 1. Basic Concepts of Fire 2. Combustion of Fire 3. Classification of Fire 4. Basic Stage of Fire Development 5. Flashovers 6. Actions to take when a fire breaks out 7. Actions to take when trapped in smoke/ cloths caught fire 8. Evacuation from buildings SCOPE
4. 4. FIRE IS A GOOD SERVANT BUT A BAD MASTER
5. 5. PREVENTION The best form of protection against a fire is always
6. 6. DEFINITION OF FIRE Fire is a process of combustion. (a chemical reaction) It is usually accompanied by a rapid release of heat and light in varying intensities.
7. 7. TRIANGLE OF COMBUSTION Oxygen Heat Fuel Combustion
8. 8. 1. Class A - Combustible solid material - Wood, cloth, paper, rubber, plastics 2. Class B - Flammable/combustible liquids, greases and gases - Petrol, Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE
9. 9. 3. Class C - Potentially energized electrical equipment - Short-circuiting machinery, overloaded electrical equipment 4. Class D - Combustible or flammable metals - Sodium, titanium, magnesium, potassium CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE
10. 10. 1. Ignition The fire develops from its point of origin (e.g. a stack of newspapers which caught fire) 2. Growth Fire spreads very rapidly to other areas Flashovers may occur, especially in a confined space 3. Full Development The fully developed fire is burning at its maximum confined space 4. Decay Depletion of oxygen/fuel Fire slowly dies down BASIC STAGES OF FIRE DEVELOPMENT
11. 11. LIFE OF FIRE
12. 12. FLASHOVER
13. 13. ACTIONS TO TAKE WHEN A FIRE BREAKS OUT
14. 14. ACTIONS TO TAKE WHEN A FIRE BREAKS OUT
15. 15. ACTIONS TO TAKE WHEN A FIRE BREAKS OUT
16. 16. ACTIONS TO TAKE WHEN A FIRE BREAKS OUT
17. 17. ACTIONS TO TAKE WHEN A FIRE BREAKS OUT
18. 18. ACTIONS TO TAKE WHEN A FIRE BREAKS OUT
19. 19. WHEN YOUR CLOTHES CATCH FIRE
20. 20. If you have to escape through smoke, keep low by crawling on your hands and knees. In a fire, the smoke will rise, leaving some fresh air about 30cm to 60cm from the floor. Crawling keeps your head in this safety zone, away from the smokes toxic content. ESCAPING THROUGH SMOKE
21. 21. What to do during evacuation: Stay calm Follow instructions from supervisors or authorities Walk quickly and calmly and assist the needy (the handicapped, the elderly) Assemble at designated area and await further instructions EVACUATING FROM BUILDINGS
22. 22. What NOT to do during evacuation: Panic Use elevators Attempt to save any belongings (Take only essential items like personal identification documents, medication) EVACUATING FROM BUILDINGS
23. 23. FIRE INCIDENTS
24. 24. The best form of protection against fire is prevention. If a fire breaks out, it is essential for everyone to know what should be done. Ones life should never be placed in danger. CONCLUSION