111 © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. RECAP VLSM and CIDR.
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Transcript of 111 © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. RECAP VLSM and CIDR.
![Page 1: 111 © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. RECAP VLSM and CIDR.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649f535503460f94c770d8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
111© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
RECAP
• VLSM and CIDR
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222© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
VLSM Labs
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333© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
• The largest subnet requires 400 hosts = 29
– 2 = 510 possible hosts
• 192.168.0001100x.xxxxxxxx = .24.0/23
• The next largest subnet requires 200 hosts = 2 8 – 2 = 254 possible hosts
• 192.168.00011010.xxxxxxxx = .26.0 /24
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444© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
• The next largest subnet requires 50 hosts = 26 – 2 = 62 possible hosts
• 192.168.00011011.00xxxxxx = .27.0/ 26
• The next largest subnet requires 50 hosts = 26 – 2 = 62 possible hosts
• 192.168.00011011.01xxxxxx = .27.64/ 26
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555© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
CIDR / Supernetting Example
• Company A requires 945 IP addresses
• Using the old system it can be assigned either a Class B address or 4 Class C address
• This would generate 4 entries in the ISP routing table
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666© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
• Using CIDR the ISP is able to use four consecutive IP address
• 200.10.0.0 / 24
• 200.10.1.0 / 24
• 200.10.2.0 / 24
• 200.10.3.0 /24
• This block can be summarised as 200.10.0.0/ 22
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777© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
In Binary
• 200.10.00000000.0 / 22
• 200.10.00000001.0 / 22
• 200.10.00000010.0 / 22
• 200.10.00000011.0 /22
• This allows bits borrowed from the network portion to be given to host addresses
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8© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
CCNA 3 v3.0 Module 2 Single-Area OSPF
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999© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Objectives
• Link-state routing protocol
• Single-area OSPF concepts
• Single-area OSPF configuration
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101010© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Link-state routing protocols perform the following functions:
• Respond quickly to network changes
• Send triggered updates only when a network change has occurred
• Send periodic updates known as link-state refreshes
• Use a hello mechanism to determine the reachability of neighbors
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111111© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Overview of Link-State and Distance Vector Routing
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121212© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
How Routing Information Is Maintained
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131313© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Link-State Routing Features
P4 knows about its neighbors, P1 and P3, on Perth3 network
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141414© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Link-State Routing Protocol Algorithms
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151515© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Link-State Routing
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161616© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Comparing Distance Vector and Link-State Routing
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171717© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
OSPF Overview
OSPF is becoming the preferred IGP protocol when compared with RIPv1 and RIPv2 because it is scalable.
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181818© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
OSPF Terminology
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191919© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
More OSPF Terminology
Cost = 100,000,000 / Bandwidth
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202020© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
OSPF Databases
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212121© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Comparing OSPF Link State with Distance Vector Routing Protocols
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222222© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Shortest Path Algorithm
The best path is the lowest-cost path.
Router B has calculated the best path to D
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232323© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
OSPF Network Types
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242424© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
OSPF Hello Protocol
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252525© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Steps in the Operation of OSPF
Discover neighbors
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262626© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Steps in the Operation of OSPF
Elect DR and BDR on Multi Access Network
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272727© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Steps in the Operation of OSPF
Selecting the Best Route
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282828© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Basic OSPF Configuration
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292929© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Basic OSPF Configuration
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303030© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Configuring OSPF Loopback Address and Router Priority
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313131© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Setting OSPF Priority
The priorities can be set to any value from 0 to 255. A value of 0 prevents that router from being elected. A router with the highest OSPF priority will win the election for DR.
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323232© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Modifying OSPF Cost Metric
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333333© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Configuring OSPF Authentication
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343434© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Configuring OSPF Timers
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353535© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
OSPF - Propagating a Default Route
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363636© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Common OSPF Configuration Issues
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373737© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Verifying OSPF Configuration
• show ip protocol
• show ip route
• show ip ospf interface
• shop ip ospf
• show ip ospf neighbor detail
• show ip ospf database
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383838© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
The debug and clear Commands for OSPF Verification