11 Thermal Expansion in Solid, Liquid and Gas
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Transcript of 11 Thermal Expansion in Solid, Liquid and Gas
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THERMAL EXPANSION OF
SOLIDS, LIQUIDS & GASESTOPIC 11: THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
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HOW DOES THE SIZE OF MATTER CHANGE DUE TO
THERMAL ENERGY?
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FOCUS ONTHE SUBSTANCE’S
SIZE
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OF THE MATTER
THERMAL ENERGY
CAN
Change the lengths of
solids
Change the volumes of liquids & gases
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WHAT DO WE KNOW?When heat is applied to a substance.
The substance’s size increases in all direction.
Heat Energy Applied
Expansion
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Heat Energy Applied
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WHAT DO WE KNOW?When heat is removed from a substance.
The substance’s size decreases in all direction.
Heat Energy Removed
Contraction
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Heat Energy Removed
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WHY DOES MATTER EXPAND
AND CONTRACT?
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ON HEATINGIts particles gain energy and vibrate more vigorously.
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The structure expands.
The increased movement causes an increase in the intermolecular distance.
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ON COOLINGIts particles lose energy and vibrate less.
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The structure contracts.
The decreased movement causes a decrease in the intermolecular distance.
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THERMAL EXPANSION
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SOLIDLIQUIDGAS
EXPANDS MORE THAN
EXPANDS MORE THAN
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UNEVEN EXPANSION OF MATTERWhen two types of solids of different expansion rates are joined together the overall structure will expand
unevenly if heated.
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Uneven expansion causes the structure to bend.
Even ExpansionUneven
Expansion
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UNEVEN EXPANSION OF MATTERThe direction of bending depends on the expansion rate of the solids and its position on the structure.
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The structure will bend downwards if the top layer
expand faster.
The structure will bend upwards if the bottom
layer expand faster.