11 NETWORK CABLING Chapter 2. Chapter 2: NETWORK CABLING2 TOPOLOGIES There are three main local...

11

NETWORK CABLING

Chapter 2

Chapter 2: NETWORK CABLING 2

TOPOLOGIES

There are three main local area network (LAN) topologies: Bus

Star

Ring

Other network topologies include: Mesh

Wireless


BUS TOPOLOGY

The bus topology supports thick and thin coaxial segments.

Segments are connected by repeaters.

The bus topology uses the baseband signaling method.

Signals are broadcast in both directions simultaneously.

Both ends of each segment require termination to avoid reflection.

End systems connect to the segment in a linear manner.

Bus Topology Bus Topology Failure


THICK AND THIN COAXIAL BUS


STAR TOPOLOGY

The star topology can use coaxial, twisted pair, or fiber optic cable.

A central device (hub) connects hubs and nodes to the network. Each node connects to its own dedicated port on

the hub.

Hubs broadcast transmitted signals to all connected devices.

You can connect multiple hubs to form a hierarchical star topology.

The star topology uses the baseband signaling method.

Star Topology


A SIMPLE STAR TOPOLOGY


A HIERARCHICAL STAR TOPOLOGY


RING TOPOLOGY

The ring topology can use twisted pair or fiber optic cabling.

A central device (hub) connects hubs and nodes to the network. Each node connects to its own dedicated port on the

hub.

You can connect multiple hubs to form a larger ring.

The ring topology uses the baseband signaling method.

Frames are transmitted around the ring from node to hub to node.

Media Access Control (MAC) is used for token passing.

Ring Topology Ring Topology Failure


A RING NETWORK


MESH TOPOLOGY

Typically uses fiber optic cabling for redundant wide area network (WAN) links

Provides multiple paths to destinations for fault tolerance

Supports baseband and broadband signals

Requires an enormous amount of cable


LAN MESH


ENTERPRISE MESH


WIRELESS TOPOLOGY

Cell-based technology that uses unbounded media

Two wireless topologies: Ad hoc

Infrastructure


AD HOC WLAN


INFRASTRUCTURE WLAN


CABLING STANDARDS

Three organizations developed the T568-B cabling standards document: American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA) Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA)

Cabling standards include Performance levels Topologies Segment distance limitations Connectors Pinouts Installation guidelines


LAN CABLE TYPES

Three cable types are used in LANs: Coaxial

Twisted pair

Fiber optic


COAXIAL CABLE


COAXIAL CABLEThin Ethernet

RG-8 RG-58

Application Thick Ethernet

AKA 10Base5

Thin Ethernet

AKA 10Base2

Thickness 0.405 inch 0.195 inch

Connector Type

N BNC with a T-fitting

Max cable length Segment

500 meter 200 meters (Actually 185)


AUI (ATTACHMENT UNIT INTERFACE) CABLE


THIN ETHERNET HARDWARE


UNSHIELDED TWISTED PAIR (UTP) CABLE


UTP CONNECTORS

RJ-45 Connector


UTP CABLE GRADES

Category Frequency Primary Application

1 Up to 0 MHz Voice networks

2 Up to 1 MHz Voice and low-speed data networks less than 4 Mbps

3 Up to 16 MHz Voice and data networks from 4 to 100 Mbps

4 Up to 20 MHz 16-Mbps Token Ring

5 Up to 100 MHz 100-Mbps Fast Ethernet

5e Up to 100 MHz 1000-Mbps Gigabit Ethernet

6 Up to 250 MHz 1000-Mbps Gigabit Ethernet


FIBER OPTIC CABLE


STRAIGHT TIP (ST) CONNECTOR


SUBSCRIBER CONNECTOR (SC)


PULLING CABLE

Two methods for pulling cable in LANs:

External installation

Internal installation


EXTERNAL INSTALLATION PROCESS

To successfully perform an external installation:

1. Identify the locations for computers and hubs.

2. Plan the cabling route.

3. Measure the route and leave some slack.

4. Buy prefabricated cables.

5. Lay cables out loosely without connecting or securing them.

6. Secure cables and avoid kinks.

7. Plug in the cables and turn on the hub or switch.


A SIMPLE EXTERNAL INSTALLATION


SECURING EXTERNAL CABLES

Secure and protect cabling by

Installing rubber cable protectors

Stapling cables to walls and doorways

Tying cables in place with plastic or fabric ties

Installing a raceway


RUBBER CABLE PROTECTOR


CABLE STAPLING


CABLE TIES


RACEWAY


INTERNAL INSTALLATION COMPONENTS


INTERNAL INSTALLATION PROCESS

To successfully perform an internal installation:

1. Identify the locations for network devices, hub, and patch panels.

2. Plan the cabling route.

3. Label bulk cable runs, starting at the patch panel.

4. Pull cabling to the destination wall plate.

5. Secure cabling along the route.

6. Label cables at terminating wall plates.

7. Attach cabling connectors.

8. Connect cabling to network devices, hubs, and patch panels.


CABLE PULLING TOOLS

Professional tools used to pull cable include

Cable puller

Telepole

Fish tape


CABLE PULLERS


TELEPOLE


FISH TAPE


STRAIGHT THROUGH AND CROSSOVER WIRING

Wiring within a twisted pair cable is configured as either

Straight through, where each wire (or pin) is attached to the same contact point at each end

Crossover, where transmit contacts on each end of the cable are connected to the receive contact at the other end


STRAIGHT THROUGH WIRING


CROSSOVER WIRING


INTERNAL CABLING


PATCH PANEL

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16


THE PUNCH DOWN PROCESS

To punch down wiring:

1. Strip some of the insulating sheath off the cable end to expose the wires.

2. Separate the twisted-pair wires.

3. Strip a small amount of insulation off each wire.

4. Insert the wires into the contact points within the jack.

5. Press the bare wire down between the metal contacts.

6. Cut off excess wire.


PUNCH DOWN WIRING


SUMMARY

The three basic LAN topologies are bus, star, and ring. WLANs are becoming more popular. Mesh networks are not typically used in LANs.

The primary cable types used in LANs are coaxial, twisted pair, and fiber optic.

External installations are best suited for small networks using prefabricated cable.

Internal installations are best suited for large networks using bulk cable, wall plates, patch panels, and hubs.

Professional cabling tools, such as telepoles, fish tape, cable pullers, punch down tools, and crimpers make complex installation projects easier.

11 NETWORK CABLING Chapter 2. Chapter 2: NETWORK CABLING2 TOPOLOGIES There are three main local...

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