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Microprocessors & Microcomputers

� Microprocessors

– Digital IC …Can be programmed with a series of instructions to perform a specific function on data

� Microcomputers

A program SERIES OF

0 & 1’S

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Basic elements of the UP

ARETHMETIC &

LOGIC OPER.

TIMING AND CONTROL

SIGNALS OF ALL OPER.

TEMP. STORAGE OF DATA

AND INSTRUCTIONS

DURING EXCUTIONS

prepared by: Maher AL omari

The instructions set

All the instructions that

the uP or the

microcontroller

understands

Word: # of bits the uPrecognizes and processes at a time.

fixed series of bits that till the uP or the microcontroller what to do

prepared by: Maher AL omari

Machine Code and Assembler Language:exampleMachine Code and Assembler Language:example

– The instruction :“set W register to F7”

– machine code (binary format ) : 11 00xx 1111 0111

– machine code (Hex format ): 30F7

– Assembler Language (MNUMONIC format.): movlw F7.

� The instruction is one 14-bits word

� PICS have 35 different instructions.

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Up and microcontrollers Basic Operations.

� Executes a program by repeatedly cycling

the following steps:

– Fetch the instruction from memory.

– Decode the instruction.

– Execute ( do what the instruction asks).

– Write the result to where the instruction requires.

prepared by: Maher AL omari

ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE

movlw K 30FF hex

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computer languages.

Low

level lan

gu

age

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Machine independence of a program written in a high-level language.

prepared by: Maher AL omari

Assembly vs. high level language

� Less memory

� More efficient

� Small applications

� Machine dependent

� High memory requirements

� Less efficient

� Large applications

� Easier to debug

� Machine independent

� Instructions are English statements.