11 ILiA Lesson10

8/3/2019 11 ILiA Lesson10

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Lesson10:WeakVerbs : First-nlrn.First-'a/erft.First-yodftThereare hreebasic arieties f weakverbs,hose avinga weak irst, second, rthird consonant.herearemainly wo weakconsonants,ctwand odh.When'olephappea$ t hebeginning r endof aroot t is considered eakandcancreate npredictableorms.Only whennun appearst hebeginning f arootcan tbe considered eak,especiallyn theconjugatedormsof the verbs.Part1.First-nun erbsThesimplest f theseweakverbs s the ast, irst-nun erbs.n fact,notall first-nun verbsbehave trangely t all,somehavepatternsdentical o the strong erbs.Thesenclude erbs ikepT! H: "to injure", n: G : "to give".Thosehatdo show weak"characteristicsnclude: nl G: "to descend".l: C: "to fall", P!: G : "to come orth", )S: H : "to rescue",NU: G : "to carq/".We havealready earnedsomeof these n an earlier esson,but becausewe onlylearned hem n theirparticipial orms, hey did not exhibit their "weak"characteristics.n fact,theweakcharacteristics renot evenapparentn theperfectof any stem.But, in the G- andH-imperfect he weakfrst-nun verbsbehavesomewhat npredictably but are normal n theD-imperfect). n essence, henevera prefix is applied o theroot and his results n nun as he final consonant f asyllable, henun blends n with the following consonant;t assimilates. hus, n theperfect,without a prefix,we have )!!, the expectedorm, analogouso the ormof verbswith strong oots. But in the mperfect,with the addition of the prefixyi-thenun becomes syllable-finalconsonant yin-pel,and t subsequently lendsorassimilates ith the ollowingpeh, esulting nyippel. (Notice hat he hemevowel of this root,as ndicatedearlier, s lel [ ] Thethemevowelsof first-nttnverbsdiffer.)Assimilation s a common inguisticphenomenon.What is described ere ssimilar o the kind of assimilation hat has akenplace n Latin in the very wordassimilate,rom ad + similis-- - assimildre: "to assimilate".

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As observed bove,n each f theseorms henunhasassimilatednto hefollowingconsonant,esultingn a doubled onsonant.hus, yinpel -+ ippel.This s arelatively imple ransformation,ndderiving he oot rom heseorms srelatively traightforward.dentifuingheseormsbecomesroblematic henoneconsidersheotherweakverbs hathave ormssimilar o these.Par|2.First-'aleph erbs.Rootswith anN as heir irst consonantaveverbal orms hatareonly slightlydistinct rom hoseof thestrons erb.As with ftst-nun roots,hedifferencesppear rimarilywhenprefixes readdedothe oot.For heG-stem,he esults that he egular hortil of theprefixtransformsnto el ( ).So he3ms orm of -lbN in theperfects lB$, but n the mperfectt is -lDNl.The2mp orm n theperfects'ilfl"lBN, but n the mperfectt is llfDNi:l.Notice hat he 'alephin theprefixedormsdoes ot havea shewa r anyvowelbeneatht.Exercise 0a.Basedon the two examples bove,you shouldbe able o predict he followingforms.Fill in the blanksof the chart -lDlt for the G-Imperfect nd'fDN):

G-Imoerfect G-Imperative3ms ln$' XXXXXXXX3fs XXXXXXXX2ms rEs2fs '_'lEtsl cs -rE$ XXXXXXXX3mp XXXXXXXX3fp XXXXXXXX2mp 11EXzfp ;''T'rn$l co XX)O(XXXX

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Notice hat he cs formwouldhavebeen -lFN$ , but becausef the edundancyof two 'alephs"this shortenso the orm FNTheD-stem hows omajor nsonsistenciesith thebasicparadigme.g., -lp|!l*d *j'--lDltFl--- the al theme owel s due o the nfluence f theresh),but heH-stem oes howsignificant eviationrom hebasicparadigm. he ormsoffirst-'alephoots n theH-stemmustbe earnedndividuallyoreachoot.Part3.First-yodherbs.Rootswith a' as he irstroot-consonantre ike theotherverbalpatternstudiedin this esson,n thatpeculiaritiesn their ormsemerge nlywith heapplicationof prefixeso their oot.TheG- andD-stem erfecto these erbsare, herefore,analogouso strong erbs.For heG-imperfect,hereare wobasicpatterns,ependingnthe specificverb/root;or theH-imperfect,heres a singlepattern. hese re llustratedn thechart elow. D-stemmperfectsre oorare o warrant iscussion.)

G-Impf lJ-lr G-Impf. !l'l! G-Imvs. H-Perf. H-lmpef.3ms f t :?: - t E t i u t | t rj-l'1;''Tn3fs l)'l)l'l l l ) J l r l r IJ-]"t;'tF]2ms ) J ' l r l ' l - i t ' | l ' I l l -? i - rFu ' t I J t ' l i ' t ) / | l i i Ir-1't;'t:'i2fs ?r f'r=il':1 j - J r . r r . 'lji /':l''i 'nljl'];'l ? r : l - r - nI J . l i l i l . ll cs tJ:T:N tF[{ t t ) J t ; t t 9'1''ri"itt3mp 'l l t ' t t 'r i ' t j l ' 1 . r J-li;''l ?t f t - t - ri ' - , ' " "fp I ! ' t?. r ?-t| :1r i''uj-j'1;1 l ) / r l t I2mp 1 ' l v ' l ! i ' l j ' i J i ' r i ' r rri /1:r.l t i F l t - t -I ' l i ' l Y I l r t I t t - r t -I ' l ) / | l r i ' l2fp l r ' r r r ' l l J r ' D ' r i'lgi / n:rr t E t t a i tl i ' l ! I l r I t t a i r Fl ! I l r l ' ll cp t t ? t I N)lJ-]'1;'1TheG-stemmperfect f IJ'l' mimics hepattern f a rootwhose irst rootconsonants a nun,one hatdoes otassimilate. heG-stemmperfect f ll'i'mimics hepattern f a rootwhose irst rootconsonants anunthatdoesassimilate.TheH-stem f lln shows n al vowelwherewe expectel (. ); this s due o theinfluence f theguttural ayin.Thuswe have ']'f if instead f l'lii'l. One oot

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deviatesrom his andmakesheH-stemwith aprefixed 'iJ, the oot )l', whichappearsn theH-3msperfectur h';'1.Oneof the sideeffects f these imilarities etweenoots s that t is sometimesdifficult,when eadingBiblicalAramaic,o recognizehe oot rornwhicha givenverb ormderives. his, n turn,makest difficult o lookup themeaning f theverb.Exercise 0b.List thepossible oots I?omwhich theseverbal ormsmight deriveand ook up thecorrect oot in the AnswersAppendix.1 t{tDL . - l lJ . ' l t ) =4.v15.'Tlii']r'iExercise 10c.Translatehisslightly implified ersion f Daniel7:11-1411.t?)nnflrp ':TNll:rt NlIn i?-inl]inr n''tiTrTr.lN!]'n n?'bP.'J t! n' ' l iTrTIirryN li?') nl';r'"! 'TFUIlllil'll2r { r r r r L . r i r r - r r -i l ' l ltr)VJ )- -lJJ;lNn''l 'n -lNlL'lI= t. 'a"ra'r--7. ' ,- i- i I-: .-. ' rr: -r= ---rirl ' l ) J l l f J l l y l J l r l , / i l J t l I ' l l J t t J t t \ ll T : l - : - : - : | - ; T ; - ;13.Nl)') . '1inin' ' l i t ;TTF;lliTln$ulN 11!N'.DID'l!-tr!-r$l

. r r i r r r r r i r t r;rrt-rj?i_l'i:TrnlP'lirpnNiF]'p'F!-'t!l14.ttrtl'] -'lil'l '?rr7ilJl';'l' ;'.'T7']- / t / | \ , / | t uirn)rin: llirylolntN'.nnp:r

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' ' a r t t t l L . . i r . q l . . . i-= flr tf -!-r? Ft! ' ' ) t r \ / ' | / ) J tL ) )W I ' t ) L ) /V?lEnnN?-'-Ti:r::n''Consider he following:In the third line of verse11, note he formsof 'T!R : G-stem to perish", n theH-stem to destroy", n theHp-stem to be destroyed" Hp-perf.

l:lil)

In the irst line of verse12,theverb ':TJJi'l s anH-3mpperfectof i'l-lJJ: to takeaway."The lelvowel under heheh(insteadof an al vowel) is theresultof thefollowing gutturalconsonant.nsteadof translating, the restof the beastsookaway heirdominion," t is likely that his verb s intendedo havean mpersonalsubject,and should hereforebe translatednto the Englishpassive.The first nounphrases marking he topic of the sentence,est ranslatedAs for therestof thebeasts,heir dominionwas akenaway."In the secondine of verse12,note he curiousphraseso mark ime at the end.In the secondine of verse13,note hephrase like a son of man," meaning ike ahumanbeing.We mightexpecta'T to precedehisphrase,o make one ike ahumanbeing".In tlre hird ine of verse13,note he objectsuffix (3ms)on theH-3mpperfectoff-lP Theadditionof the suffix results n the reductionof the short lilbeneath heresh inthe regular orm of the H-3mpperfect: l-lPil Notice thathere here s noclear subject,and so onemustassume n mpersonal ubject,and ranslatewith anEnglishpassive: He wasbroughtnear" instead f "theybroughthirn near").In the third line of verse 14, he verb|'T:TJJ's a G-3ms mperfectof il'lJ) "to passaway " Compare heH-stemof this verb,as t appearsn verse12.

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11 ILiA Lesson10

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