1.1 Antebellum America. * Ratified in 1787 * Established the framework for the political system *...
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Transcript of 1.1 Antebellum America. * Ratified in 1787 * Established the framework for the political system *...
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1.1 Antebellum America
*Slavery and the Civil War 1820-1865
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*U.S Constitution*Ratified in 1787
*Established the framework for the political system*Under the Constitution the government
was separated into three separate branches: the executive (President), the legislative (Congress), and the judicial (Supreme Court).*Ensured that no one would have to much
control over the people (checks and balance).
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*McCulloch v. Maryland
*1819 Supreme Case*Maryland attempted to impose a tax on
out of state banks, which meant the second bank of America would be taxed.*Supreme Court ruled that it was
unconstitutional to tax the federal government.
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*Marbury v. Madison
*1st case the Supreme Court voted unconstitutional.*Showing how the Congress could be kept
in check.*Meant to stop the appointment of
“Midnight Judges” that followed federalists views.
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*Early Years of Republic*More Americans became involved in the
political system.*States began changing their laws in the in
the early 1800s.*Some dropped requirements, such as
being a taxpayer or renouncing Catholicism allowing for more voters.*More than one million voted in the 1828
election.
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*Early Years of Republic*Woman and other minorities had no voting
rights.*The political system was expanding to
include lower class men and those with different beliefs.*By 1836, all but one state (Couth Carolina)
switched from representative elections to popular vote.*Representatives no longer elected by
secret meetings of politicians.*President Andrew Jackson imposed routine
officials changes, meaning there would be less corruption.
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*1.4 The Road to Disunion
*Think/Pair/Share*How do you think a book could start a
war? Was Lincoln exaggerating the effect of Stowe’s book?*What tensions between the North and the
South are revealed in this excerpt from Uncle Tom’s Cabin?*Why do you think the nation’s leaders
were unable to resolve these tensions?
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*Disagreements Divide*By 1860, the political, economic, and philosophical
differences divided the Nation.*To encourage Northern growth, high tariffs on imported
goods were placed.*The rise in price of imported goods forced the South into
economic Chaos.*Compromise of 1828 (also known as “Tariff of
Abomination”), resulted in the South loosing income.*On the brink of war Congress voted to lower the tariff.
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*Nullification Crisis*In 1833 the U.S. narrowly avoided a
civil war over the Compromise of 1828.*John C. Calhoun argued that state
had the right to nullify a federal law it deemed unconstitutional.*Congress worked on another
Compromise, but South Carolina voted to nullify it.*President Andrew Jackson dispatched
the army to enforce the tariff.
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*More Nullification Crisis
*The issue of states rights also included slavery.*Most agreed that the Constitution
protected it where it already existed.*Abolitionists disagreed and Congress
imposed the Missouri Compromise allowing slavery in new states across the former Louisiana Purchase line.*It remained intact for 30 years.
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*Keeping the Balance*California became part of the U.S. after
the Mexican-American War (1846-1848) and wanted to be a free state.*California not part of the Louisiana
Purchase and so the Missouri Compromise did not apply.*Congress admitted it as a free state and
also gave Utah and New Mexico the right to Popular Sovereignty.*Fugitive Slave Act was also passed,
making it illegal to assist runaway slaves.
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*Bleeding Kansas
*The truce was short lived as Congress passed the Kansas-Nebraska Act granting them Popular Sovereignty.*Violent proslavery and
antislavery advocates flooded Kansas leading to some 200 deaths.
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*Political Reorganization
*1854 saw the Old Whig party fall apart over the slavery issue.*The Democratic Party split
into Southern and Northern Democrats.*Northern Democrats
known as “free-soilers” ultimately formed the Republican Party.
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*Dred Scott v. Sanford*Supreme Court ruled that
slaves were property and not citizens.*Not entitled to rights
guaranteed by the Constitution.*The ruling also said that
Congress could not restrict what people do with their property, thus by nullifying the Missouri Compromise and meant slavery could spread into new territories.
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*Lincoln Douglas Debates*Speeches about slavery
put Lincoln on the political map and gave him much needed respect in the North.*Lincoln ultimately lost
the election to the Senate to Douglas, but the momentum carried into the Presidential elections two years later.
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*Harpers Ferry Rebellion
*In 1859, John Brown an abolitionist attempted to start a slave rebellion.*Succeeded in taking over
the arsenal, but was quickly arrested by Marine Colonel Robert E. Lee.*Tried for treason and
hanged.