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Intelligent Support Systems

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Intelligent Systems and Artificial Intelligence

• Artificial intelligence and intelligent behavior

• Comparing artificial and natural intelligence

• Conventional versus AI computing

• Commercial artificial intelligence field

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Artificial Intelligence and Intelligent Behavior

Artificial intelligence (AI) is concerned with two basic ideas. First, it involves studying the thought processes of humans; second, it deals with representing those processes via machines (computer, robots, etc.).

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Objectives of AI

• To make machines smarter

• Understand what intelligence is

• To make machines more useful

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Intelligent Behavior

• Learning or understanding from experience

• Making sense of ambiguous or contradictory messages

• Responding quickly and successfully to new situations

• Using reason to solve problems and direct actions effectively

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Intelligent Behavior

• Dealing with complex situations

• Applying knowledge to manipulate the environment

• Recognizing the relative importance of different elements in a situation

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Artificial and Natural Intelligence

AI Advantages over Natural Intelligence• AI is more permanent

• AI offers ease of duplication and dissemination

• AI can be less expensive

• AI is consistent and thorough

• AI can be documented

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Artificial and Natural Intelligence

Natural Intelligence Advantages over AI • Natural intelligence is creative

• Natural intelligence enables people to benefit from and directly use sensory experiences

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Artificial and Natural Intelligence

Natural Intelligence Advantages over AI• Natural intelligence enables people to

recognize relationships between things, sense qualities, and spot patterns that explain how various items interrelate

• Human reasoning is always able to make use of a context of experiences

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Commercial AI Field

• Expert systems (ES)

• Natural language

• Robotics and sensory systems

• Computer vision and scene recognition

• Intelligent computer-aided instruction (ICAI)

• Machine learning

• Handwriting recognizers

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Expert System (ES)

An ES is decision-making software that can reach a level of performance comparable to - or even exceeding that of - a human expert in some specialized problem area.

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Benefits of ES

• Increased output and productivity

• Increase quality

• Capture of scarce expertise and its dissemination

• Operation in hazardous environments

• Accessibility to knowledge

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Benefits of an ES

• Reliability

• Increased capabilities of other computerized systems

• Ability to work with incomplete or uncertain information

• Provision of training

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Benefits of ES

• Enhancement of problem solving capabilities

• Decreased decision making time

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Other Intelligent Systems

• Natural language processing (NLP) and voice technology

• Neural computing

• Fuzzy logic

• Intelligent agents

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Natural Language Processing and Voice Technology

• Applications of natural language processing (NLP)

• Speech (voice) recognition and understanding

• Advantages of speech recognition

• Voice synthesis

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Advantages of Speech Recognition

• Ease of access

• Speed

• Manual freedom

• Remote access

• Accuracy

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Benefits and Applications of Neural Computing

• Potential to provide some of the human characteristics of problem solving– Recognition of patterns and characteristics

• Fault-tolerance

• Generalization

• Adaptability

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Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) - Business Applications

• Tax fraud

• Financial services

• Loan applications evaluation

• Solvency prediction

• New product analysis

• Airline fare management

• Prediction

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Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) - Business Applications

• Evaluation of personnel and job candidates

• Resource allocation

• Data mining

• Foreign exchange rate

• Stock, bond, and commodities selection and trading

• Signature validation

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Fuzzy Logic

Fuzzy logic is a technique, developed by Zadeh, that deals with uncertainties by simulating the process of human reasoning, allowing the computer to behave less precisely and logically than conventional computers do.

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Intelligent Agent (IA)

Intelligent agents are software entities that carry out some set of operations on behalf of a user or another program, with some degree of independence and in so doing, employ some knowledge or representation of the user’s goals.

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Major Tasks Performed by IA

• Information access and navigation

• Decision support and empowerment

• Repetitive office activity

• Mundane personal activity

• Search and retrieval

• Domain experts

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Applications of IA

• User interface

• Operating systems agents

• Spreadsheet agents

• Workflow and administrative management agents

• Software development

• Negotiation in electronic commerce

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Emerging Technology:Virtual Reality (VR)

• How does it work

• VR and the internet/intranets

• VR and decision making

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How Does VR Work

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Managerial Issues

• Cost-benefit and justification

• Heightened expectations

• Acquiring knowledge

• System acceptance

• System integration

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