10th Eng Tamil Medium.pdf

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VEL TECH RANGARAJAN Dr.SAGUNTHALA R&D INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (University u/s 3 of UGC Act, 1956, ISO 9001 : 2008 Certified Institution) & VEL TECH, VEL TECH MULTI TECH, VEL TECH HIGH TECH ENGINEERING COLLEGES (Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai)

#42 & 60, Avadi - Vel Tech Road, Avadi, Chennai - 600 062, Tamil Nadu, INDIA. Phone: +91-44-26840249,26840869, 26841601,45030136. E-mail:[email protected], [email protected] , www.veltechuniv.edu.in, www.veltechengg.com, www.velmultimedia.com, www.velhightech.com

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jkpo; Kjy; jhs;jkpo; Kjy; jhs;jkpo; Kjy; jhs;jkpo; Kjy; jhs;jkpo; Kjy; jhs;

nra;Al; gFjpnra;Al; gFjpnra;Al; gFjpnra;Al; gFjpnra;Al; gFjpxU kjpg;ngz; tpdh tpil. tpdh vz; : 01 - 12 Kba.xU kjpg;ngz; tpdh tpil. tpdh vz; : 01 - 12 Kba.xU kjpg;ngz; tpdh tpil. tpdh vz; : 01 - 12 Kba.xU kjpg;ngz; tpdh tpil. tpdh vz; : 01 - 12 Kba.xU kjpg;ngz; tpdh tpil. tpdh vz; : 01 - 12 Kba.chpa tpiliaj; Njh;e;njLj;J vOJf.chpa tpiliaj; Njh;e;njLj;J vOJf.chpa tpiliaj; Njh;e;njLj;J vOJf.chpa tpiliaj; Njh;e;njLj;J vOJf.chpa tpiliaj; Njh;e;njLj;J vOJf.

1. ‘,izapy;iy Kg;ghYf;F ,e;epyj;Nj” vdg; ghbath;.m. ghujpahh; M. Rujh ,. ghujpjhrd;

2. jpUf;Fwisg; Nghw;wpg; ghLk; E}y;.m. ehy;th; ehd;kzp khiy M. jpUts;Stkhiy ,. ,ul;il kzpkhiy

3. kUe;Jg; nghUs;fspd; ngahpy; mike;j ,U E}y;fs;m. jpUf;Fws;> ed;D}y; M. jphpfLfk;> Vyhjp ,. ew;wpiz> mfehD}W

4. neQ;iras;Sk; rpyg;gjpfhuk; vd;W ghbath;m. ftpkzp M. ghujpjhrd; ,. ghujpahh;

5. ,sq;Nfhtbfs;____ ehl;ilr; rhh;e;jth;m. Nrho M.Nru ,. ghz;ba

6. FLk;g tpsf;F ______gilg;GfSs; xd;Wm. ghujpahh; M. ghujpjhrd; ,. Rujh

7. ruRtjp me;jhjp____ ,aw;wpa E}y;fSs; xd;Wm. fk;gh; M. xl;lf; $j;jh; ,. GfNoe;jp

8. fk;giug; Gue;jth;______m. xsitahh; M. GfNoe;jp ,. rilag;g ts;sy;

9. ‘gj;jpr; Rit edp nrhl;lg; ghba ftp tyt’ vdg; ghbath;_______m.ng. Re;judhh; M. kfhtpj;Jthd; kPdhl;rp Re;judhh; ,. ftpQh; nt. ,uhkypq;fdhh;

10. ‘mhpatw;Ws; vy;yhk; mhpJ” Ngzpj; jkuhf; nfhsy;m. rpwpath; M. nghpahh; ,. cwtpdh;

11. ew;wpiziaj; njhFg;gpj;jth;_______m. gd;dhL je;j khwd; tOjp M. ,sk; ngUtOjp ,. cf;fpug; ngUtOjp

12. jpwdwpe;J Njh;e;J nfhs;s Ntz;bath;_______m. md;Gs;s ngw;Nwhh; M. Mh;tKs;s ez;gh; ,. %j;j mwpTilahh;

13. ‘ehkhh;f;Fk; Fbay;Nyhk;’ vd;Dk; ghly;_______mr;rkpy;iy mr;rkpy;iy vdg; ghlj; J}z;baJ.m.ghujpjhrid M. Rujhit ,. ghujpahiu

14. Nfoy; vd;gjd; nghUs;________m. vUik M. Gyp ,. gd;wp

15. nea;jy; fypiag; ghbath;________m.Xuk;Nghfpahh; M. fgpyh; ,. ey;ye;Jtdhh;

16. giz vd;Dk; nrhy;ypd; nghUs;m. muR M. My; ,. %q;fpy;

17. FyNrfuho;thh; ghly; _______njhFg;gpy; cs;sJ.m. jpUtpaw;gh M. Kjyhapuk; ,. nghpa jpUnkhop

18. fypj;njhif _____ E}y;fSs; xd;W.m.gj;Jg;ghl;L M. vl;Lj;njhif ,. gjpndz; fPo;f;fzf;F

II. Nfhbl;l ,lj;jpid epug;Gf:Nfhbl;l ,lj;jpid epug;Gf:Nfhbl;l ,lj;jpid epug;Gf:Nfhbl;l ,lj;jpid epug;Gf:Nfhbl;l ,lj;jpid epug;Gf:1. khzpf;fthrfh; fl;ba Nfhtpy; jpUg;ngUe;Jiwapy; cs;sJ.2. [p.A. Nghg; jpUthrfj;ij Mq;fpy nkhopapy; nkhop ngah;j;jhh;.3. jpUthrfj;jpw;F cUfhh; xU thrfj;jpw;Fk; cUfhh;.4. xOf;fj;jpd; va;Jth; Nkd;ik ,Of;fj;jpd; va;Jth; va;jhg; gop.5. Vyhjpia ,aw;wpath; fzpNkjhtpahh;.6. ,ul;ilf; fhg;gpak; vd;gd rpyg;gjpfhuKk; kzpNkfiyAk; MFk;.7. fk;guhkazk; MW fhz;lq;fis cilaJ.8. ‘mhp’ vd;Dk; nrhy;ypd; nghUs; new;fjph;.



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9. GwehD}W vl;Lj;njhif E}y;fSs; xd;W.10. Nrf;fpohh; ngUkhd; mUspaJ nghpaGuhzk;.11. Nghypg;Gyth;fisj; jiyapy; Fl;Lgth; mjptPuuhk ghz;bad;.12. Nghypg;Gyth;fs; ngUftplhky; nrtpia mWg;gth; tpy;ypg;Gj;J}uhd; .13. ehy;tifg; ghf;fSk; taYf;F tug;Gfsha; mike;Js;sd.14. mwdPDk; ,d;gKk; <Dk; jpwdwpe;J jPjpd;wp te;j nghUs;.15. Kjypyhh;f;F Cjpak; ,y;iy.16. jhz;lf Nte;jh; vd miof;fg;gLgth; jpUehTf;furh;.17. ckWg;Gytiu Mjhpj;j ts;sy; rPjf;fhjp.18. fyk;gfk; 96 (njhz;Z}w;whW) tif rpw;wpyf;fpaq;fSs; xd;W.

nra;As;gFjp - 1 tpdh vz; : 21 - 27nra;As;gFjp - 1 tpdh vz; : 21 - 27nra;As;gFjp - 1 tpdh vz; : 21 - 27nra;As;gFjp - 1 tpdh vz; : 21 - 27nra;As;gFjp - 1 tpdh vz; : 21 - 27FWtpdhf;fs;:FWtpdhf;fs;:FWtpdhf;fs;:FWtpdhf;fs;:FWtpdhf;fs;:

1. ed;wpf;F tpj;jhtJ vJ?ey;y xOf;fk;

2. vd;Wk; ,Lk;ig jUtJ vJ?vd;Wk; ,Lk;ig jUtk; jPnahOf;fk;.

3. xOf;fj;jpdhy; va;JtJ vJ?,Of;fj;jpdhy; va;JtJ vJ?1. Nkd;ik2. ngUk; gop

4. Qhyk; fUjpDk; if$Lk; vg;NghJ?fhykwpe;J> ,lj;NjhL nray;gl;lhy; nghUe;jp> cyifNa mila tpUk;gpDk; if $Lk;.

5. Cf;fKilahd; xLf;fk; vjidg; Nghd;wJ?Ml;Lf;fplh gifiaj; jhf;Ftjw;Fg; gpd;thq;Fk; jd;ikiag; Nghd;wJ.

6. xOf;fkpd;ikahy; Vw;gLk; Fw;wq;fs; ahit?xOf;fk; jtWjyhy; tUk; Fw;wj;jpid ed;F czh;e ;j kdtypik kpf;Nfhh; me;j

xOf;fj;jpypUe;J rpwpJk; tpyfkhl;lhh;.7. fhyk; mwpe;J nray;gLtJ vt;thW?

jFe;j fUtpfNshL> Vw;w fhyj;ijAk; mwpe;J nray;gl;lhy; nra;tjw;F mhpa nray;fs;vitAk; ,y;iy.

8. nfhf;if ctikahff; fhl;b ts;Sth; tpsf;Fk; fUj;J ahJ?tha;g;G fpilf;fhj NghJ mikjpahf fhj;jpUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. chpa fhyk; te;jJk; nfhf;ifg;

Nghy; tpiue;J nray;gl Ntz;Lk;.9. jpUts;StUf;F toq;Fk; NtW ngah;fs; ahit?

1. Kjw;ghtyh; 2. nja;tg;Gyth; 3. nre;ehg;Nghjhh; 4. ngUehtyh;10. $if> fhf;if - ,tw;iw vLj;Jf;fhl;lhff; $wp> ts;Sth; tpsf;FtJ ahJ?

jd;dpYk; typa Nfhl;lhidf; fhf;if gfypy; nty;Yk;. mJNghy> jd;dpYk; typikahdgiftiuf; fhykwpe;J nty;y Ntz;Lk;.

11. Vyhjp - E}w;Fwpg;G vOJf.1. gjpnzz; fPo;f;fzf;F E}y;fSs; VyhjpAk; xd;W.2. ,e;E}y; jkpOf;F mUkUe;J3. ,ytq;fk;> rpWehtw;G+> Rf;F> kpsF> jpg;gpyp> cly;Nehiag; Nghf;Fk;.4. ,e;E}ypd; ew;fUj;Jfs; fw;Nghhpd; mwpahikia mfw;Wk;.

12. gopapyh kd;ddha; tho;gtdpd; gz;Gfshff; fzpNkjhtpahh; Fwpg;gpLtd ahit?1. gpwh;f;Fg; gzpe;Jk; 2. ey;topapy; ele;Jk; 3. khz;Gila rhd;Nwhh; mwpTiufisg; gpd;gw;Wjy;4. Ez;zwpT E}y;fis Muha;jy;

13. rpyk;G czh;j;Jk;; %d;W cz;ikfs; ahit?1. murpay; gpioj;Njhh;f;F mwk; $w;whFk;2. ciurhy; gj;jpdpia cah;e;Njhh; Vj;Jth;3. Co;tpid cUj;J te;J Cl;Lk;.



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14. ‘ew;wpuk; gluhf; nfhw;if Nte;Nj’ - ahh; ahhplk; $wpaJ?fz;zfp> ghz;ba kd;ddplk; $wpaJ

15. Ik;ngUq;fhg;gpaq;fs; ahit?1. rpyg;gjpfhuk; 2. kzpNkfiy 3.rPtfrpe;jhkzp 4. tisahgjp 5. Fz;lyNfrp

16. jkpoh; vjw;F ehzplTk; Ntz;Lk;?tWikapdhy; jkpod; xUtd; fy;tp fw;f Kbahj epiy Vw;gLkhdhy; ,q;Fs;Nshh; ehzplNtz;Lk;.

17. ghNte;jh; gilg;Gfs; ahit?1. FLk;g tpsf;F 2. ,Uz;l tPL 3.jkpopaf;fk; 4. ghz;bad; ghpR

18. Ffdpd; Ntz;L Nfhs; ahJ?1. ,t;TyF midj;jpw;Fk; nry;tk; Nghd;wtNd !2. jq;fis ,j;jtf; Nfhyj;jpy; ghh;j;j vd;dpU fz;fisAk; vLf;f Kbahj epiyapy; cs;sfs;td; ehd;3. kdj;JaNuhL vd;dpUg;gplk; nry;yj; JzpNad;4. jq;fSf;F Ntz;ba njhz;L nra;Ntd;

19. ‘md;Gs ,dp ehk; Xh; Ith;fs; csuhNdhk; - ahh; ahhplk; $wpaJ? ,uhkgpuhd; Ffdplk; $wpaJ.

20. ifAiwg; nghUs;fshff; nfhz;L nrd;wd vit? ahUf;Ff; nfhz;L nrd;whd;?m. NjDk; kPDk; nfhz;L nrd;whd;. M. ,uhkgpuhDf;Ff; nfhz;L nrd;whd;.

21. rhd;Nwhh; ahUld; Nrh;th;?rhd;Nwhh; rhd;NwhUld; Nrh;th;

22. GwehD}W - Fwpg;G vOJf.1. Gwk; gw;wpa ehD}W ghly;fs; nfhz;lJ2. rq;ffhy kf;fspd; tho;f;if epiy> kd;dh;fspd; tPuk;> nfhil> Gfo;> ntw;wpfs; gw;wpf; $WtJ.

23. te;jth; thrPfh; vd mwpe;jJk; mg;G+jpabfs; vd;d nra;jhh;?1. jd; jiyNky; if Ftpj;J tzq;fpdhh;2. nrhw;fs; jLkhwplTk;> fz;fspy; fz;fs; ngUfpl> cly; rpyph;f;fg; G+kpapy; tPo;e;J tzq;fpdhh;.

24. ‘,g;NghJ ,q;F mtd; cjthd;’ -ahh; ahhplk; $wpaJ?mg;G+jpabfs; jpUehTf;furhplk; $wpaJ

25. mg;G+jpabfs; vt;nttw;Wf;nfy;yhk; jpUehTf;fuR vdg; ngahpl;lhh;?mg;G+jpabfs; jk;kplk; cs;s 1.msitfs; 2. kf;fs; 3. vUikfs; 4. epiwNfhy; 5. gRf;fs;

26. tay;jUk; tpisTfshfj jkpo;tpL J}J $Wtd ahit?1. mwk; 2. nghUs; 3. ,d;gk; 4. tPL

27. Nghypg;Gyth;fisj; jz;bg;Nghh; ahth;?1. gps;isg; ghz;bad; 2. tpy;ypg;Gj;J}h; Mo;thh; 3. xl;lf; $j;jd;

28. nrhy; Vh; coth; ahh;? ehw;fuzj;J Vh;fs; vit?1. nrhy; Vh; coth; Gyth;fs;2. kdk;> Gj;jp> rpj;jk;> mfq;fhuk; vd;gd ehw;fuzq;fs; MFk;.

29. ahUf;Fg; giftuhYk; jPq;F nra;a ,ayhJ?mwptpw; rpwe;j nghpNahiur; rhh;e;J elg;gth;f;Fg; gifth; nra;af;$ba jPq;F ahnjhd;Wk;

,y;iy.30. gifik ,Uisg; Nghf;FtJ vJ vd ts;Sth; $Wfpwhh;?

nry;tk; vd;Wk; mizah tpsf;F mjid cilath; epidj;j ,lq;fSf;nfy;yhk; nrd;W>gifik vd;Dk; ,Uisg; Nghf;Fk;.

31. Njthuk; - nghUs; vOJf.1.Nj + thuk; vdg; gphpf;Fk;NghJ nja;tj; jd;ikAila ,irg;ghly;fs2.Nj +Muk; vdg;gphpf;Fk; NghJ nja;tj;jpw;Fr; #l;lg;ngWk; ghkhiy vd;Wk; $Wth;.

32. rptngUkhd; vj;jd;ikad;?vtUf;Fk; Ml;glhjj; jd;ikAilatd; rq;fud;.

33. tdj;jpy; thOk; tpyq;Ffshfr; rPwhg;Guhzk; Fwpg;gpLtd ahit?fhl;nlUik> gd;wp> fub> fiykhd;> rpq;fk;> ahid Kjypad.

34. rPwhg; Guhzj;jpy; rpq;fk; vdg; nghUs; jUk; NtW nrhw;fs; ahit?



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rpq;fk; vdg; nghUs; jUk; NtW nrhw;fs; klq;fy;> Nfrhp MfpadthFk;.35. Gyp trdpj;j glyj;jpd; %yk; ePawpAk; mwk; ahJ?

1. cyfpYs;s caphpdq;fs; midj;Jk; xd;nwdf; fUJfpd;w mUshsh;fs; Kd; nfhbacaphpdq;fSk; gzpe;J elf;Fk;.

36. fyk;gf E}y;fSs; Kjy; E}y; vJ?ee;jpf; fyk;gfk;.

37. ee;jpf; fyk;gfk; ahh; kPJ ghlg; ngw;wJ?.gy;yt kd;dd; %d;whk; ee;jpth;kd;.

38. fyk;gf cWg;Gfs; ehd;fid vOJf.mk;khid> Fwk;> kwk;> jtk;

39. Mw;Wjy; vd;gJ ahJ?,y;yw tho;tpy; tUe;jp> te;jth;f;F cjTjy;.

40. Mo;thh;fs; ghba ghly;fspd; njhFg;gpd; ngah; vd;d?ehyhapu jpt;tpa gpuge;jk;

nra;As; gFjp 2 tpdh vz; 35 - 39.nra;As; gFjp 2 tpdh vz; 35 - 39.nra;As; gFjp 2 tpdh vz; 35 - 39.nra;As; gFjp 2 tpdh vz; 35 - 39.nra;As; gFjp 2 tpdh vz; 35 - 39.

rpWtpdhf;fs;: ehd;F kjpg;ngz;fs;:rpWtpdhf;fs;: ehd;F kjpg;ngz;fs;:rpWtpdhf;fs;: ehd;F kjpg;ngz;fs;:rpWtpdhf;fs;: ehd;F kjpg;ngz;fs;:rpWtpdhf;fs;: ehd;F kjpg;ngz;fs;:1. khzpf;f thrfh; ,iwtdplk; vt;thW Ntz;Lfpwhh;?

vy;yhk; cila ngUkhNd1. ehd; cd;ghy; Ngud;G nfhz;ljd; fhuzkhf cly; rpyph;j;Njd; cs;sk; eLq;fpNdd;2. eWkzk; fkOk; cd; jpUtbfisf; fUj;jpw;nfhz;L> jiyNky; ifFtpj;J tzq;fpNdd;.3. fz;fspy; ePh; ngUFkhW cs;sk; tUe;j cUfpNdd;4. ngha;g;nghUis tpyf;fp> nka;g;nghUshfpa cd;id epidj;J Jjpj;Njd;.5. ‘nty;f nty;f’ vd cd; mUk;ngUk; nray;fisAk; Nghw;wpg; Gfo;e;Njd;6. ,j;jifa xOf;fj;jpidf; iftpNld;.7. vdNt cd; mbath;fSs; xUtdhf vd;id Vw;Wf; nfhs;thahf”vd;W Ntz;Lfpwhh;.

2. fhykwpjy; Njitgw;wp vOJf.1. Nfhl;lhd;> fhf;ifiaf; fhl;bYk; typikAilaJ.2. MapDk; Nfhl;lhDf;Fg; gfypy; fz; njhpahJ.3. mf;fhykwpe;J fhf;if mjid nty;Yk;.4. mijg;Nghy jk;kpYk; typik kpf;f giftiuf; fhykwpe;J Nghhpl;lhy; vspjpy; nty;yyhk;.

3. jkpo;nkhop tsh;r;rp miltjw;F ghujpjhrd; $Wk; top tiffs; ahit?1. gy;NtW Jiw E}y;fSk; jkpopy; ntsp tu Ntz;Lk;.2. me;E}y;fis ahUila cjtpAk; ,d;wpj; jhNk gbj;J mwpAk; tz;zk; vspa jkpopy; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.3. jkpopd; ngUikapid kjq;fspy; Nrh;f;ff; $lhJ4. vy;yh ,lq;fspYk; ,ytr E}y; epiyaq;fis Vw;gLj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;.5. jkpopd; ngUikfisf; $WtjpNyNa fhyk; fopj;Njhk;6. Fiwfis ePf;fpg; GJikifisg; gilj;Njhkh? ,y;iy cyfpd; xspkpf;f nkhopahfj; jkpio tsh;g;Nghk; thhPh;.

4. tpUj;j khjtiu Nehf;fp ,uhkd; $wpaJ vd;d?1. Ffd;> jhd; nfhz;L te;j NjidAk;> kPidAk; Vw;FkhW Ntz;bdhd;.2. ,uhkd;> Kdpth;fis Nehf;fp cs;sj;J md;G Kjph;tpdhy; vOe;j ghptpd; fhuzkhff; Ffd; nfhz;L te;j ,g;nghUs;fs; fpilj;jw;fhpad mKjj;ijtplr; rpwe;jd. ,it vj;jifadtha; ,Ug;gpDk;> md;G fye;jJ vdpy; J}a;ikahditNa> vk; Nghd;Nwhh;f;Fk; chpad Mifahy; ,dpikahd ,it ehq;fs; tpUk;gp cz;ljw;F rkk; vd;whh;.

5. fk;guhkhazk; - rpW Fwpg;G tiuf.1. ,uhkdJ tuyhw;iwf; $Wk; E}y; ,uhkhazk; vdg;gl;lJ.2. tlnkhopapy; thd;kPfpg; Gyth; vOjpaijj; jOtpj; jkpopy; vOjg;gl;lJ.3. fk;gh; ,aw;wpa ,uhkhazk;> fk;guhkhazk; vdg;gl;lJ.4. fk;gh;> jhk; ,aw;wpa E}Yf;F ,uhkhtjhuk; vdg; ngahpl;lhh;.



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,e;E}ypd; rpwg;Gf;fUjpAk; jpUf;Fwspd; rpwg;Gf; fUjpAk; jkpOf;Ff; fjp vd ,t;tpU E}y;fisAk;$Wth;. ghyfhz;lk; mNahj;jpah fhz;lk;> Muz;a fhz;lk;>fpl;fpe;jh fhz;lk;> Re;ju fhz;lk;>Aj;jfhz;lk; vd MW fhz;lq;fis cilaJ.

6. rhd;Nwhh; el;Gf;F ctikahff; $wg;gLtd ahit?m. nghd;Dk; gtsKk; > Kj;Jk; khzpf;fKk; Njhd;Wk; ,lq;fshy; NtWgl;lhYk; khiyahff;Nfhh;j;J kjpg;G kpf;f mzpfydhf mikf;Fk; NghJ> jk;Ks; xUq;F NrUk; jd;ikAilaJ mijg;NghyM.rhd;Nwhh;fs; vd;Wk; rhd;Nwhh; gf;fNk ,Ug;gh;. rhd;whz;ik ,y;yhjth; jPath; gf;fNk Nrh;th;.

7. jz;zPh;g; ge;jiyf; fz;L ehTf;furh; tpag;Gwf; fhuzk; vd;d? mg;G+jpabfshhplk; mth; ahJtpdtpdhh;?m.jz;zPh;g; ge;jypy; jk; ngah; ,Uf;ff; fz;L tpag;Gw;whh;.M. mg;G+jpabfsplk; ‘fq;ifiar; rilKbapy; jhq;fpa rptngUkhdpd; mbahh;fSf;fhfCnuy;iyapy;> ePtph; itj;j jz;zPh;g; ge;jypy; ck;ngah; vOjhky; NtW xUth; ngah; vOjpafhuznkd;d? ‘nrhy;tPuhf” vd;W Fw;wkw;wtuhfpa jpUehTf;furh; tpdtpdhh;.

8. nghpahuJ ,yf;fzk; ahJ?m. mwnewpia mwpe;J mwptpy; njspe;j Kjph;r;rpAilNahh; el;gpid Muha;e;jwpe;J Vw;Wf;nfhs;Sjy; Ntz;Lk;.M. jkf;F te;Js;s Jd;gj;ijg; Nghf;fp ,dp> NkYk; Jd;gk; tuhjthW Kd;djhfNt fhf;Fk;jd;ik cilahiug; Nghw;wp el;ghf;fpf; nfhs;Sjy; Ntz;Lk;.

9. nghUsPl;Lk; newpapidj; jpUts;Sth; vq;qdk; $Wfpwhh;?m. gpwUf;Fj; jPq;fpd;wp ey;topapy; <l;ba nghUs;> mwj;jpidAk; nfhLf;Fk; ,d;gj;jpidAk; jUk;.M. mUSk; md;Gk; nghUe;jhky; gpw topapy; tUk; nry;tj;jpidg; gw;whky; ePf;Fjy; Ntz;Lk;.,. muRhpikahy; te;j nghUSk;> kf;fs; topahfj; jUk; nghUSk; giftiu ntd;W nfhz;ljpiwg; nghUSk; murDf;Fhpa nghUs;fshFk;.

10. Gypapd; nfhLQ;nray;fs; gw;wp ckWg;Gyth; $Wtd ahit?m. GypahdJ $h;ikahd efq;fis cila rpq;ff; $l;lq;fs; md;wp> kw;w tpyq;Ffspd; ,iwr;rpiacz;Zk;.M. nghpa gidNghYk; Jk;gpf;ifapidAk; %d;W kjq;fisAila ahidfspd; nfhk;Gfisg;gpbj;J ,Oj;J> mtw;wpd; khh;gpidf; fPwp FUjpapidf; Fbj;J cwq;fhJ epd;W> mhpa nghpakiyfSk; mjpUkhW ,biaf; fhl;bYk; mjpfkhf Koq;Fk;.

11. fyk;gfk; Fwpg;G tiuf.1.njhz;Zw;whW rpw;wpyf;fpa tiffSs; xd;W.2. gytifg; nghUs;fisg; gw;wpg; gytifg; ghly;fisf; fye;J ,aw;wg;ngWk; E}y; fyk;gfk; vdg;gLk;.3. gjpndl;L cWg;Gfisf; nfhz;lJ. fyk; + gfk;. fyk; = gd;dpnuz;L> gfk; = MW.4. GwtFg;G> mk;khid> fhh;> Cry;> ,uq;fy;> kwk;>jio> jtk;> rpe;J> ghz;> iff;fpis> J}J> tz;L>Fwk;> fhyk;> khjq;fp> fsp> rk;gpujk; - fyk;gfk; vdg; ngah; te;jJ.

12. FyNrfu Mo;thh; jpUtpj;Jtf;Nfhl;L ,iwtdplk; Ntz;LtJ ahJ?kPd;fs; ePe;Jfpd;w tay;fs; #o;e;j tpj;Jtf; Nfhl;by; cs;s ngUkhNd! eP vdf;Fj; jpUtUs;Ghpatpy;iy vd;whYk;> cd;idNa milf;fykhfg; GFNtd;. md;wp vdf;F NtW xUgw;WjYkpy;iy.kd;dtd; xUtd; nrq;Nfhy; Kiw jtwpj; Jd;GWj;jpdhYk;> mtDila Ml;rpiaNa vjph;Nehf;fptho;fpd;w Fbkf;fisg; Nghy> ehd; cd; jpUtbfisNa vz;zpf; nfhz;bUf;fpNwd;.

13. ‘rhjidg; G+f;fs;’ vd;W vtw;iw ,se;jpiuad; Rl;Lfpwhh;?m. ,d;W Xa;ntLj;J ehis nry;yyhk; vd;W vz;zpdhy;> Xh; ,uTf;Fs; topjlj;jpy; vd;ndd;dNeUNkh gzpia Kbj;J Xa;T ngWf> jk;gp ,dpf;Fk; nra;jpfs; cd; kdj;jpy; te;J FtpAk;.M.nrbfs; G+g;gjw;F Kd; Xa;ntLg;gjpy;iy nrbapd; ntw;wp G+tpy; cs;sijg; Nghy;> cd;ntw;wpfshy; Jd;gq;fs; ahTk; XbtpLk;.



8

tpdh vz; : 45. nra;As; tpdh tpiltpdh vz; : 45. nra;As; tpdh tpiltpdh vz; : 45. nra;As; tpdh tpiltpdh vz; : 45. nra;As; tpdh tpiltpdh vz; : 45. nra;As; tpdh tpil1. fPo;f;fhZk; ghliyg; gbj;J tpdhf;fSf;F tpilaspf;f:

Fl;bf; nrtpaWj;Jf; fl;bj; jiyfnsy;yhk;ntl;bf;fisgwpf;f Nkyha;j;J}h; - fl;btsh;e;jid ghy; Ke;jphpif thiof;fdpaha;f;fpsh;e;jfUk; gha;ehspNfuj;J - ,sq;fdpaha;f;1. ,g;ghly; ,lk; ngw;w E}y; vJ? - jkpo; tpL J}J2. ,g;ghlypd; Mrphpah; ngah; ahJ? - Mrphpah; ngah; mwpatpy;iy3. ,g;ghlypy; ,lk; ngw;Ws; mbnaJiffis vLj;J vOJf. Fl;br; tsh;e;jid ntl;bf; fpsh;e;j4. nrtpaWj;J - gphpj;J vOJf. nrtp + mWj;J5. ehspNfuk; nghUs; jUf. Njq;fha;

2. jpj;jpf;Fe; njs;sKjha; njs;sKjpd; NkyhdKj;jpf; fdpNa vd; Kj;jkpNo - Gj;jpf;Fs;cz;zg; gLe;NjNd cd;Ndh Lte;Jiuf;Fk;tpz;zg;gk; cz;L tpsk;gf;Nfs;1. ,g;ghly; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s E}y; vJ? jkpo;tpLJ}J2. Kj;jkpo; - ,j;njhifr; nrhy;iy tphpj;njOJf.%d;W jkpo; : ,aw;wkpo;> ,irj;jkpo;> ehlfj;jkpo;.3. ,g;ghlypy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s mbnaJiffis vLj;njOJf. jpj;jpf;Fe; cz;zg; Kj;jpf; tpz;zg;gk;4.cte;Jiuf;Fk; gphpj;njOJf. cte;J + ciuf;Fk;5. tpsk;gf;Nfs; nghUs; jUf. nrhy;;tijf; Nfl;ghahf

3. mhpah rdKdf;Nf ahdhy; - cdf;Fr;rhpahUk; cz;Nlh jkpNo - tphpthh;jpfo;gh xU ehd;FQ; nra;As; tuk;ghfg;Gfo;gh tpdq;fs;kilg;Nghf;fh1. ,g;ghly; ,lk; ngw;w E}y; vJ? jkpo; tpL J}J2. mhpahrdk; nghUs; jUf. m. rpq;fhjdk;3. ,g;ghlypy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s mbnaJiffis vLj;njOJf.mhpah jpfo;ghrhpahUk; Gfo;gh4. ghtpdq;fs; - gphpj;J vOJf. gh+,dq;fs;5. taypd; tug;Gfshff; $wg;gLtd ahit?ntz;gh> Mrphpag;gh> tQ;rpg;gh> fypg;gh Mfpa ehd;Fk; taypd; tug;GfshFk;.

4. ey;Nyhpdhy; nra;As; ehw;fuzj; Njh;g+l;br;nrhy;Nyh; coth; njhFj;jPz;b - ey;ynewpehNy tpijah edptpijj;J ehw;nghUSk;NkNy gyd;ngwr;nra; tpf;Fehs;1. ,g;ghly; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s E}y; vJ? jkpo;tpLJ}J2. ey;Nyhpdhy; - gphpj;J vOJf. ed;ik + Vhpdhy;3. nrhy;Nyh; coth; ahh;? Gyth;fs;



9

4. ehw;fuzj;J Vh;fs; ahit? kdk;> Gj;jp> rpj;jk;> mfq;fhuk; Mfpa ehd;Fk; ehw;fuzj;J Vh;fs; MFk;.5. ,g;ghlypy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s mbnaJiffis vLj;njOJf.

ey;Nyhp> ehNy> nrhy;Nyh;> NkNy.5. epjpjU ftpifAk; epykfs; chpikAk;

,itpit Ail ee;jpkjpapyp murh; epd; kyub gzpfpyh;thdfk; Ms;thNu1. ,g;ghly; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s E}y; vJ? ee;jpfyk;gfk;2. ftpif vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ? Fil3. kyub vd;gjd; ,yf;fzf;Fwpg;G ahJ? ctikj;njhif4. ,g;ghlypy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s Nkhidfis vLj;njOJf. epjpjU - epykfs; kjpapyh - kyub5. thdfk; Ms;thNu - vth;? mwptpy;yhj murh;

6. kPd;Nehf;Fk; ePs;tay;#o; tpj;Jf;Nfhl; lk;kh vd;ghNdhf;fh ahfpYKd; gw;wy;yhy; gw;wpy;Nyd;jhNdhfh njj;Jauk; nra;jpbDk; jhh;Nte;jd;Nfhdhf;fp thOk; FbNghd; wpUe;NjNd1. ,g;ghly; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s E}y; ahJ? ehyhapuj; jpt;ag; gpuge;jk;2. ,e;E}ypd; Mrphpah; ahh;? FyNrfu Mo;thh;3. Nfhdhf;fp - gphpj;J vOJf. Nfhd;+Nehf;fp4. jhh;Nte;jd; - nghUs; jUf. khiyazpe;j murd;5. thOk; Fb - ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;G jUf. nganur;rk;

7. ghj;jdjhf; nfhz;lgps;isg; ghz;bad; - tpy;yp xl;lf;$j;jdpth; fy;yhJ Nfhl;bnfhSk; - rPj;ijaiuf;Fl;br; nrtpaWj;Jf; $l;bj; jiyfnsy;yhk;ntl;bf; fisgwpf;f Nkyha;j;J}u; - fl;b1. ,g;ghly; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s E}y; vJ? jkpo; tpLJ}J2. ,g;ghlypy; Fwpg;gplg;gLk; Gyth;fs; ahth;? mjptPuuhk ghz;bad;> tpy;ypGj;J}uhh;> xl;lf;$j;jh;3. nrtpaWj;J - gphpj;J vOJf. nrtp+mWj;J4. rPj;ijah; vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ? fPohdth;5. ,g;ghlypy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s mbnaJiffis vOj;J vOJf. ghj;jdjh Fl;br; $j;jdpth; ntl;bf;

8. mwpntdg; gLtJ Ngijahh; nrhy; Nehd;wy;nrwpntdg;gLtJ $wpaJ kwhmikepiwnadg; gLtJ kiwgpwh; mwpahikKiwnadg; gLtJ fz;NzhlhJ caph;ntsty;nghiwnadg; gLtJ Nghw;whiug; nghWj;jy;1. ,g;ghly; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s E}y; vJ? fypj;njhif2. ,g;ghlypd; Mrphpah; ahh;? ey;ye;Jtdhh;3. mwpntdg;gLtJ ahJ? mwptpy;yhjth;fspd; nrhy;iyg; nghWj;jy;4. nghiw vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ? nghWik5. nghWj;jy; vd;gjd; ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;G ahJ? njhopw;ngah;



10

9. nghq;Ffly; fy;kpjg;gpw; Nghe;NjWk; mth; ngUikmq;fzh;jk; Gtdj;jpy; mwpahjhh; ahUsNukq;ykhk; jpUNtlj; Jldpd;wpt; tifnkhope;jPh;vq;FiwtPh; ePh;jhk;ahh; ,ak;Gnkd ,ak;gpdhh;1. ,g;ghly; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s E}y; vJ? nghpa Guhzk;2. ,g;ghlypd; Mrphpah; ahh;? Nrf;fpohh;3. Gtdk; vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ? cyfk;4. ,g;ghlypy; ,lk; ngw;Ws; mbnaJiffis vLj;njOJf. nghq;Ffly;> mq;fzh;j k;5. nghq;Ffly; - ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;G jUf. tpidj;njhif

10. ehkhh;f;Fk; Fbay;Nyhk; ekid mQ;Nrhk;eufj;jpy; ,lh;g;gNlhk; eliy ,y;Nyhk;Vkhg;Nghk; gpzpawpNahk; gzpNthk; my;Nyhk;,d;gNk ve;ehSk; Jd;gk; ,y;iy1. ,g;ghly; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s E}y; vJ? Njthuk;2. ,g;ghlypd; Mrphpah; ahh;? jpUehTf;furh;3. Vkhg;G vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ? ghJfhg;G4. gpzpwpNthk; - gphpj;J vOJf. gpzp+mwpNthk; - gpzpaspNahk;.5. gzpNthk; vd;gjd; ,yf;fzf;Fwpg;G jUf. jd;ikg; gd;ik tpidKw;W

neLtpdh - nra;As; gFjp tpdh vz; : 47neLtpdh - nra;As; gFjp tpdh vz; : 47neLtpdh - nra;As; gFjp tpdh vz; : 47neLtpdh - nra;As; gFjp tpdh vz; : 47neLtpdh - nra;As; gFjp tpdh vz; : 47fPo;f;fhZk; tpdhf;fSf;F gj;J thpfSf;F kpfhky; tpilasp:fPo;f;fhZk; tpdhf;fSf;F gj;J thpfSf;F kpfhky; tpilasp:fPo;f;fhZk; tpdhf;fSf;F gj;J thpfSf;F kpfhky; tpilasp:fPo;f;fhZk; tpdhf;fSf;F gj;J thpfSf;F kpfhky; tpilasp:fPo;f;fhZk; tpdhf;fSf;F gj;J thpfSf;F kpfhky; tpilasp:

1. Njuh kd;dh vd tpspj;Jf; fz;zfp $wpad ahit?1. Gwhtpd; Jd;gj;ijg; Nghf;fpatd; rpgp kd;dd;2. gRtpd; Jauk; Nghf;f jd; kfidNa Njh;r;rf;fuj;jpy; ,l;Lf; nfhd;wtd; kDePjpr;Nrhod;3. ePjp jtwhj kd;dh;fs; gpwe;j Gfhh; efuk; ehd; gpwe;j Ch;.4. khrhj;Jtd; kfd; Nfhtyid kzk; Ghpe;Njd;5. Co;tpidg; gadhy; vd; fhw;rpyk;gpid tpw;f Kad;W cd;dhy; nfhiy nra;ag;gl;Nlhd;.

2. fz;zfpf;Fk; ghz;ba kd;dd; neLQ;nropaDf;Fk; ,ilNa ele;j epfo;it ciuahlyhfmikj;J vOJf.ghz;bad; : ifapy; rpyk;Gk; fz;zpy; ePUkhf vd; Kd;Nd te;J epw;Fk; ngz;Nz eP ahh;?fz;zfp : Muha;e;J mwpe;J ePjp toq;fhj kd;dNd! Gwhtpd; Jah; Nghf;fpa rpgp kd;dDk; gRtpd;

Jah; Nghf;fpa kDePjpr;NrhoDk; Mz;l Gfhh; efuNk vd; Ch;. vd; fhy; rpyk;G tpw;fKad;W cd;dhy; nfhiy nra;ag;gl;l Nfhtyd; kidtp ehd;. fz;zfp vd;gJ vd;ngah;.

ghz;bad;: fs;tidf; nfhiy nra;jy; nfhLq;Nfhyd;W ; murePjpfz;zfp : mwnewpapy; epy;yh murNd! vd; fhy; rpyk;G khzpf;fg; guy;fisf; nfhz;lJ.ghz;bad;: eP $wpaJ ed;W. vk;Kila rpyk;gpd; guy;fs; Kj;Jf;fNs ( ahuq;Nf NfhtydplkpUe;J

ifg;gw;wpa rpyk;gpidf; nfhz;L thUq;fs;)3. nghpahiu Jizahff; nfhs;tjd; ,yf;fzk;> mjdhy; tUk; rpwg;G> nghpahh; Jizapy;yh top

Vw;gLk; ,opT Mfpad Fwpj;J ts;Sth; $Wk; fUj;Jf;fsij; njhFj;njOJf.,yf;fzk;:1. mwptpy; njspe;j nghpNahuJ el;gpid Vw;Wf; nfhs;sy; NTz;Lk;.2. Jd;gk; tUKd; fhf;Fk; jd;ik nfhz;l nghpahiu el;ghf;fpf; nfhs;Sjy; Ntz;Lk;.rpwg;G:3. nghpahiug; Nghw;wp cwthff; nfhs;SjNy fpilj;jw;fhpa nry;tkhFk;.



11

4. jk;ikf; fhl;bYk; mwptpy; rpwe;j nghpNahiu cwtpduha; Vw;W elj;jNy typikfSs; vy;yhk;rpwe;j typik MFk;.5. jf;f topfis Muha;e;J $Wk; nghpNahh;fisj; Njh;e;J el;ghf;fpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.,opT:6. Fw;wk; fz;l ,lj;J ,bj;Jj; jpUj;Jk; nghpNahhpd; Jizapy;yh murd;. jd;idf; nfLf;Fk;gifth; ,y;yhkNy jhNd nfLthd;.7. KjyPL ,y;yhj tzpfh;f;F mjdhy; tUk; Cjpak; xd;Wk; ,y;iy. mJNghy; jk;ikj; jhq;fpf;fhg;ghw;w nghpNahh; ,y;yhjhh; epyj;J tho ,ayhJ.8. ey;yth; xUthpd; el;igf; iftpLtJ> gyiug; gifj;Jf; nfhs;tij tplg; gd;klq;F jPik jUk;.

4. nghUspdJ rpwg;G> nghUsPl;Lk; newp> nghUsPl;Ltjhy; Vw;gLk; gad;fs; Fwpj;J ts;Sth; $Wk;fUj;Jf;fisj; njhFj;njOJf.1. nghUs; cs;stiuNa ,t;Tyfk; xU nghUl;lhf kjpf;Fk;2. nry;tk; ,y;yhjtiu vy;NyhUk; ,fo;th;; nry;tk; cs;stiu vy;NyhUk; rpwg;gpg;gh;.nghUsPl;Lk; newp:4. gpwUf;Fj; jPq;fpd;wp ey;y topapy; Nrh;j;j nghUs; mwj;ijAk; ,d;gj;ijAk; jUk;.5. mUSk; md;Gk; ,y;yhky; gpw topapy; tUk; nry;tj;ij ePf;f Ntz;Lk;.6.muR chpikahy; te;j nghUs; kf;fs; thpahfj; jUk;nghUs; giftid ntw;wp nfhz;L ngw;wnghUs; murDf;F chpait.gad;fs;:7. md;G vd;Dk; jha; ngw;w mUs; vd;Dk; Foe;ij> nghUs; vd;Dk; tsh;g;Gj; jhahy; tshf;fg;gLk;.8. jd; ifapy; xU nghUis itj;Jf; nfhz;L xU nraiyj; njhlq;Fjy; kiy cr;rpapy; epd;Wahidr;rz;il ghh;g;gJ Nghd;wjhFk;.9. nghUisj; Njbr; Nrh;f;f Ntz;Lk;. mJNt gifthpd; nrUf;fpid mWf;Fk; $h;ikahd MAjk;.10. rpwe;j nghUis ey;topapy; Nrh;j;jtUf;F mwKk; ,d;gKk; xU Nruf; fpilf;Fk;.tpdh vz; : 49kdg;ghlg; gFjp midj;Jk; gbj;Jg; gapw;rp nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

gFjp - 3gFjp - 3gFjp - 3gFjp - 3gFjp - 3tpdh vz; : 13 ypUe;J 16 tiutpdh vz; : 13 ypUe;J 16 tiutpdh vz; : 13 ypUe;J 16 tiutpdh vz; : 13 ypUe;J 16 tiutpdh vz; : 13 ypUe;J 16 tiu

nghUj;Jf:nghUj;Jf:nghUj;Jf:nghUj;Jf:nghUj;Jf:I. nrhy; nghUs;

1.tpiu - cly;2. foy; - ngUfp3. jJk;gp - kzk;4. nka; - mzpfyd;tpil : 1. kzk; 2. mzpfyd; 3. ngUfp 4. cly;

II. nrhy; nghUs;1. Gfhh;fhz;lk; - 13 fhijfs;2. kJiuf; fhz;lk; - 7 fhijfs;3. tQ;rpf;fhz;lk; - 10fhijfs;tpil : 1. 10 fhijfs; 2. 13 fhijfs; 3. 7 fhijfs;

III. nrhy; nghUs;1. ,lh; - epyT2. ehtha; - Jd;gk;3. ,iw - glF4. ,e;J - jiytd;tpil: 1. Jd;gk; 2. glF 3. jiytd; 4. epyT



12

IV. nrhy; nghUs;1. nrW - gidNahiyg; ngl;b2. tpj;J - GJtUtha;3. ahzh; - tpij4. tl;b - tay;tpil: 1. tay; 2. tpij 3. GJtUtha; 4. gidNahiyg; ngl;b

V. nrhy; - nghUs;1. Nkjp - rptd;2. re;jk; - vUik3. Nfhjpy; - moF4. mq;fzh; - Fw;wkpy;yhjtpil: 1. vUik 2. moF 3. Fw;wkpy;yhj 4. rptd;

VI. nrhy; nghUs;1. fhd; - fub2. cOit - rpq;fk;3. klq;fy; - Gyp4. vz;F - fhLtpil: 1.fhL 2. Gyp 3. rpq;fk; 4. fub

VII. nrhy; - nghUs;1. gz;G - $wpaJ kwh mik2. md;G - Ngijahh; nrhy; Nehd;wy;3. mwpT - jd; fpis nrwh mik4. nrwpT - ghlwpe;J xOFjy;tpil:1. ghlwpe;J xOFjy; 2. jd;fpis nrwh mik 3. Ngijahh; nrhy; Nehd;wy;4. $wpaJ kwh mik

tpdh vz; : 1 - 12 (ciueil)tpdh vz; : 1 - 12 (ciueil)tpdh vz; : 1 - 12 (ciueil)tpdh vz; : 1 - 12 (ciueil)tpdh vz; : 1 - 12 (ciueil)chpa tpiliaj; Njh;e;njLj;J vOJf:chpa tpiliaj; Njh;e;njLj;J vOJf:chpa tpiliaj; Njh;e;njLj;J vOJf:chpa tpiliaj; Njh;e;njLj;J vOJf:chpa tpiliaj; Njh;e;njLj;J vOJf:

1. ,d;iwa kJiuapy; _______ jkpo;r; rq;fk; ,Ue;jJ.1.%d;whk; 2. ,uz;lhk; 3. Kjyhk;

2. gjpdhW nrt;tpay; jd;ikfisf; nfhz;lJ nrk;nkhop vdf; $wpath;.1. jpU.tp.f 2. c.Nt.rh 3. ghthzh;

3. ngz; mbik Mdjw;F chpa fhuzq;fs; xd;W _____ ,y;yhik.1. thf;Fhpik 2. Ngr;Rhpik 3. nrhj;Jhpik

4. murpd; midj;Jj; JiwfspYk; ngz;fs; gzpahw;Wk; NghJ ek; rKjhaj;jpy; Gul;rp Vw;gLk; vd;wth;1. jpU.tp.f 2. nghpahh; 3. ghujpjhrd;

5. Kk;igapy; mk;Ngj;fh; rpwpJ fhyk; _______ Nguhrphpauhfg; gzpahw;wpdhh;.1. thzpftpay; 2. mwptpay; 3. nghUspay;

6. mk;Ngj;fUf;F ,e;jpa muR toq;fpa tpUJ_______1. gj;k= 2. ghujuj;dh 3. gj;k tpG+\d;

7. Ez;zpa E}y; gy fw;wth;f;Nf mike;j mhpa fiy ______1. Xtpaf;fiy 2. ,irf;fiy 3. Ngr;Rf;fiy

8. Nkilg; Ngr;rpy; kf;fis <h;j;jth; _______1. NguwpQh; mz;zh 2. K. tujuhrdhh; 3. jpU.tp.f



13

9. ‘gz;nzhL jkpnohg;gha;” vdj; njhlq;fk; ghly; ,lk;ngWk; E}y;1. jpUthrk; 2. jpUf;Fws; 3. Njthuk;

10. cyfk; vd;Dk; jkpo;r; nrhy; _________ vd;Dk; nrhy;ypd; mbahfg; gpwe;jJ1. cyF 2.cyT 3. csJ

11. jkpoh;fs; epyj;ij _____tifahfg; gphpj;Jf; fhl;bapUf;fpwhh;fs;.1. %d;W 2. MW 3. Ie;J

12. fhe;jpabfs; _______ ehlfj;ijg; ghh;j;J cz;ikNa Ngr Ntz;Lk; vd;W cWjp G+z;lhh;.1. rputzgpJh;gj;jp 2. mhpr;re;jpud; 3. gf;jg; gpufyhjd;

13. giftdplKk; md;G fhl;L vdf; $wpa E}y; ______1.gftj; fPij 2. ed;D}y; 3. iggps;

14. mwnewpahfg; Nghw;wg;gl Ntz;bait______1.Mlk;guk;> tPz;nryT 2.vspik> rpf;fdk; 3. md;G> mUs;

15. ‘cynfyhk; czh;e;J Xjw;fhpatd;” vdj; njhlq;Fk; ghly; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s E}y;1. fe;jGuhzk; 2. rPwhg;Guhzk; 3. nghpa Guhzk;

16. ts;syhhpd; ,aw;ngah; _______1. rk;ge;jh; 2. ,uhkypq;fh; 3. jhAkhdth;

17. ngUk;ghyhd gzpfSf;F mbg;gil jFjp1. gj;jhk; tFg;G 2. gd;dpuz;lhk; tFg;G 3.vl;lhk; tFg;G

18. ‘tpuy;fs; gj;Jk; %yjdk;’ vd;Dk; ghlypd; Mrphpah;________1. ghujpahh; 2.ghujpjhrd; 3. jhuhghujp

gFjp - 2gFjp - 2gFjp - 2gFjp - 2gFjp - 2NNNNNfhbl;l ,lj;ij epug;Gf:fhbl;l ,lj;ij epug;Gf:fhbl;l ,lj;ij epug;Gf:fhbl;l ,lj;ij epug;Gf:fhbl;l ,lj;ij epug;Gf:

1. jkpoh; kdpj tho;it mfk; Gwk; vdg; gphpj;jdh;.2. Fkhp fz;lj;jpy; Njhd;wpa Kjy; kdpjd; Ngrpa nkhop jkpo;nkhop3. jkpo; kpfTk; gz;gl;l nkhopnadf; $wpa nkhopapay; mwpQh; khf;R Ky;yh; Mthh;.4. jkpoh;fsplk; ,d;W gutpAs;s ngUNeha; xd;W cz;L.5. nghpahh; r%f Kuz;fis vjph;j;jth;; %lf;fUj;Jfis Kl;lWj;jth;.6. ntWk; Ngr;Rf;Fk; Nkilg; Ngr;Rf;Fk; NtWghL cz;L.7. Ngr;R Kbtpy; RUf;fj;ijf; $wpf; fUj;jpid epiy ehl;b Kbj;jy;8. ebg;ghw;wy; kpf;ftiuAk; ebg;igf; fw;Wj; jUgtiuAk; ,af;Feh; vd miog;gh;.9. glg;gpbg;Gf; fUtpia efh;j;Jk; tz;bapy; nghUj;JtJk; cz;L.10. ,aq;FU glq;fs; ghh;g;gjw;F Ntbf;ifahf ,Uf;Fk;.11. ,ny%hpahit kdpj ehfhpfj; njhl;by; vd;gh;.12. jdf;Ftikapy;yh xU jdp ,dk; jkpo; ,dk;.13. fhe;jpabfs; rputz gpJh;gj;jp vd;Dk; ehlf E}iyg; gbj;jhh;.14. jpUf;Fwis nkhop ngah;j;j cUrpa mwpQh; jhy;Rjha;15. ,uhkypq;fh; rj;jpa jUkr; rhiyia epWtpa ,lk; tlY}h;.16. ,uhkypq;fh; jkpo; nkhopNa ,wthj epiy jUk; vd;W fUjpdhh;.17. rq;f fhyj;jpy; ngz;fs; fly; fle;J nry;yf; $lhJ.18. ehs;NjhWk; fy;tpapy; GJg;GJj;Jiwfs; cUthfpf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd.19. fhtyh; ,uhZtk; Nghd;w gzpfSf;F clw;$W Njh;Tk; vOj;Jj; Njh;Tk; cz;L.

gFjp - 3 tpdh vz; 13-16gFjp - 3 tpdh vz; 13-16gFjp - 3 tpdh vz; 13-16gFjp - 3 tpdh vz; 13-16gFjp - 3 tpdh vz; 13-16nghUj;Jf:nghUj;Jf:nghUj;Jf:nghUj;Jf:nghUj;Jf:

VIII. 1.<];l;kd; - xUth; kl;Lk; ghh;f;Fk; glf;fUtp2. vbrd; - glr;RUs;



14

3. vl;th;L gphpl;R - fUj;Jg;glk;4. thyl; b];dp - ,af;fg;glk;tpil:<];l;kd; - glr;RUs;vbrd; - xUth; kl;Lk; ghh;f;Fk; fUtpvl;th;L ik gphpl;R - ,af;fg;glk;thy;l; b];dp - fUj;Jg;glk;

IX. 1. rj;jpa Nrhjid - jpUts;Sth;2. gftj; fPij - fpwpj;Jt rka E}y;3. jpUf;Fws; - fhe;jpabfs;4. iggps; - ,e;J rka E}y;tpil :rj;jpa Nrhjid - fhe;jpabfs;gftj;fPij - ,e;J rka E}y;jpUf;Fws; - jpUts;Sth;iggps; - fpwpj;Jt rka E}y;

X. 1.tpidNa Mlth;f;Faph; - jhuhghujp2. Ke;ePh; tof;fk; kf^ c Nthby;iy - FWe;njhif3. clk;ig tsh;j;Njd; caph; tsh;j;Njd; - njhy;fhg;gpah;4. tpuy;fs; gj;Jk; %yjdk; - jpU%yh;tpil:tpidNa Mlth;f;Faph; - FWe;njhifKe;ePh; tof;fk; kf^ c Nthby;iy - njhy;fhg;gpah;clk;ig tsh;j;Njd; caph; tsh;j;NjNd - jpU%yh;tpuy;fs; gj;Jk; %yjdk; - jhuhghujp

gFjp - 4gFjp - 4gFjp - 4gFjp - 4gFjp - 4tpilf;Nfw;w tpdhj;njhlh; mikf;f: tpdh vz; 17-20.tpilf;Nfw;w tpdhj;njhlh; mikf;f: tpdh vz; 17-20.tpilf;Nfw;w tpdhj;njhlh; mikf;f: tpdh vz; 17-20.tpilf;Nfw;w tpdhj;njhlh; mikf;f: tpdh vz; 17-20.tpilf;Nfw;w tpdhj;njhlh; mikf;f: tpdh vz; 17-20.

1. ngz;fs; chpik ngw;Wg; GJ cyifg; gilf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W tpUk;gpath; nghpahh;.tpil: nghpah vij tpUk;gpdhh;?

2. nghpahh; ngz;Zhpikf;F CW tpistpf;Fk; gioa ek;gpf;iffis Vw;f kWj;jhh;?tpil: nghpahh; vij Vw;f kWj;jhh;?

3. nra;jpg; glq;fs; thapyhf epfo;Tfis ek; ,Ug;gplj;jpNyNa fz;L fspf;fyhk;.m. vg;glq;fs; thapyhf epfo;Tfis ek; ,Ug;gplj;jpNyNa fz;Lfspf;fyhk;?(m)tpil: M. epfo;Tfis ehk; vjd; thapayhf fz;L fspf;fyhk;?

4. jpiuauq;Ffspy; jpiug;glk; fhl;l xsp xypg; glf;fUtp gad;gLfpd;wJ.tpil: jpiuauq;Ffspy; jpiug;glk; fhl;l vf;fUtp gad;gLfpd;wJ?

5. jpiug;glk; vLg;gjidtplr; nra;jpg;glk; vLg;gJ fbdkhd gzpahFk;.tpil: vg;glk; vLg;gJ fbdkhd gzpahFk;?

6. jkpoh;fs; muG ehl;LlDk; atd ehl;LlDk; thzpfj; njhlh;G nfhz;bUe;jhh;fs;.tpil: ahUld; jkpoh;fs; thzpfj; njhlh;G nfhz;bUe;jhh;fs;?

7. tpdhj; njhlh; mikf;f:fhe;jpabfs;> gy Nfhb kf;fspd; gl;bdpiag; Nghf;Fk; tho;thjhuk; fjh; vd;W fUjpdhh;.tpil: fhe;jpabfs; vij tho;thjhuk; vd;W fUjpdhh;?

8. ,isQh;fspd; cs;sj;jpy; ehl;Lg;gw;Wk;> nkhopg;gw;Wk;> nja;tg; gw;Wk; tsUk; tifapy; fy;tp



15

mikjy; Ntz;Lk;.tpil: ,isQh;fspd; cs;sj;jpy; fy;tp vt;thW mikjy; Ntz;Lk;?

9. ,sq;fiyg; gl;lk; ngw;wth;fs;> ,sq;fiy fy;tpapay; gl;lk; ngw;wpUe;jhy; gl;ljhhp Mrphpah; gzpapy;Nruyhk;.tpil: gl;ljhhp Mrphpah; gzpapy; ahh; Nruyhk;?

10. njhopy; El;gg; gapyfj;jpy; gapy;Nthh;f;F epiwa Ntiy tha;g;Gfs; cs;sd.tpil: vg;gapyfj;jpy; gapy;Nthh;f;Fepiwa Ntiy tha;g;Gfs; cs;sd?

gphpT - gphpT - gphpT - gphpT - gphpT - IIgFjp - 1gFjp - 1gFjp - 1gFjp - 1gFjp - 1

ciueil : FWtpdh ,uz;L kjpg;ngz; tpdh vz; : 28 - 34ciueil : FWtpdh ,uz;L kjpg;ngz; tpdh vz; : 28 - 34ciueil : FWtpdh ,uz;L kjpg;ngz; tpdh vz; : 28 - 34ciueil : FWtpdh ,uz;L kjpg;ngz; tpdh vz; : 28 - 34ciueil : FWtpdh ,uz;L kjpg;ngz; tpdh vz; : 28 - 34fPo;f;fhZk; tpdhf;fSf;F %d;W thpfSf;F kpfhky; tpilaspf;f:fPo;f;fhZk; tpdhf;fSf;F %d;W thpfSf;F kpfhky; tpilaspf;f:fPo;f;fhZk; tpdhf;fSf;F %d;W thpfSf;F kpfhky; tpilaspf;f:fPo;f;fhZk; tpdhf;fSf;F %d;W thpfSf;F kpfhky; tpilaspf;f:fPo;f;fhZk; tpdhf;fSf;F %d;W thpfSf;F kpfhky; tpilaspf;f:

1. cyfpy; cs;s nkhopfSs; ,yf;fpa ,yf;fz tsKila nkhopfs; vj;jid?tpil : %thapuk;

2. njhy;fhg;gpak; Fwpj;J Kidth; vkpNdh $WtJ ahJ?‘,d;iwa nkhopapay; ty;Yeh;fs; Ngzpg; gpd;gw;wj;jf;f top Kiwfisj; njhy;fhg;gpak;” $wpAs;sJvd vkpNdh $Wfpd;whh;.

3. nghpahhpd; ngz; tpLjiyr; rpe;jidfis vt;thW gFf;fyhk;?1. mbg;gilj; Njitfs; 2. mfw;wg;gl Ntz;bait

4. mk;Ngj;fhh; vq;F vg;NghJ gpwe;jhh;?kuhl;ba khepyj;jpy; nfhq;fz; rpw;W}hpy; 1891 Mk; Mz;L Vg;uy; jpq;fs; 14 Mk; ehs; gpwe;jhh;.

5. mk;Ngj;fhpd; ngw;Nwhh; ahth;?,uhk;[p rf;ghy;> gPkhgha;

6. mk;Ngj;fUf;F ‘gPk;’ vd ngah; itf;f fhuzk; vd;d?kfhghujg; gPkidg; NghyNt jd; kfDk; vtUk; mirf;f Kbahj tPudhf tu Ntz;Lk; vd;wvz;zj;jpy; gPk; vdg;ngah; #l;bdhh;.

7. gPkhuht; jk; ngaiu mk;Ngj;fhh; vd khw;wpf; nfhs;sf; fhuzk; ahJ?jk; Mrphpah; Nky; nfhz;l gw;wpd; fhuzkha; mk;Ngj;fh; vd;W khw;wp mikj;Jf; nfhz;lhh;.

8. mk;Ngj;fh; Fwpj;J NeU Gfo;e;J $wpaJ ahJ?Mrpahf; fz;lj;jpNyNa kpfg;nghpa jdpahs; E}yfj;ij mikj;j ngUik ,tiuNa rhUk; vd;WNeU $wpdhh;.

9. Nkilg; Ngr;rpy; kf;fis <h;j;j ehy;th; ahh;?1. jpU.tp.f 2. mwpQh; mz;zh 3. uh.gp. NrJg;gps;is 4. ghujpahh; 5. Fd;wf;Fb mbfshh;

10. Ngr;rpd; Kf;$Wfs; ahit?1. vLj;jy; 2. njhLj;jy; 3. Kbj;jy;

11. nkhop khw;wk; vd;why; vd;d?xU nkhopg;glj;ij kw;w nkhopapy; khw;wpaikf;Fk; Kiwia nkhop khw;wk; vd;gh;

12. fy;tpg; glq;fs; thapyhf ehk; mwptd ahit?gy tif tpyq;Ffspd; tho;f;if gd;dhl;L kf;fspd; tho;f;if Kiw Nehpy; fhz Kbahg; gy,lq;fisg; gw;wpa fhl;rpfis ehk; mwpayhk;.

13. nfhLq;flyhy; nfhs;sg;gl;l jkpofg; gFjpfs; ahit?1. Fkhp kiy 2. g‡WspahW

14. Vw;Wkjp ,wf;Fkjp Fwpj;Jf; $Wk; E}y;fs; ahit?1. gl;bdg; ghiy 2. kJiuf; fhQ;rp

15. Qhyk; - ngah;f; fhuzk; $Wf.Qhy; vd;why; njhq;Fjy; vd;gJ nghUs;. vt;tpj gw;Wf;NfhLkpd;wp mz;lntspapy; cyfk;

njhq;fpf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ.



16

16. fhe;jpabfisf; fth;e;j F[uhj; ghlypd; fUj;J ahJ?‘jhfhj;jpw;F ePh; jUtjpy; xd;Wkpy;iy; jPik nra;jth;f;Fk; ed;ikNa nra;; mjpy; jhd;cz;ikg;nghUz;ik cz;L vd;whh;.

17. fhe;jpabfSf;F ,sk; gUtj;jpNyNa ,ay;gha; mike;j cah;gz;Gfs; ahit?1. md;G 2. cz;ik 3. cWjp 4. ,d;dhnra;ahik MFk;.

18. fhe;jpabfspd; mwtopg; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; cUthd ,af;fq;fs; ahit?1. fjh; ,af;fk; 2. kJtpyf;F 3. jPz;lhik xopg;G

19. vtw;iw mw newpahfg; Nghw;w Ntz;Lk; vd;W fhe;jpabfs; $wpdhh;?1. vspik 2. rpf;fdk;

20. ,uhkypq;fh; vq;F vg;NghJ gpwe;jhh;?flY}h; khtl;lk; rpjk;guk; tl;lj;jpy;> kUJ}hpy; 5.10.1823 ,y; ,uhikah rpd;dk;ik ,izah;f;F5 Mk; kfthf ,uhkypq;fh; gpwe;jhh;.

21. rj;jpa jUkr;rhiyapy; ts;syhh; nra;j njhz;L ahJ?rhjp kj NtWghL ,d;wpg; grpj;Njhh;f;F vy;yhk; cztpLk; njhz;ilr; nra;jhh;.

22. xt;nthUtUk; Fiwe;jJ vf;fy;tpj; jFjpapidg; ngWjy; Ntz;Lk;?+2 - fy;tpj; jFjpapidg; ngWjy; Ngz;Lk;.

23. jw;NghJ tsh;e;J tUk; ,uz;L njhopy; El;gj; Jiwfs; ahit?1. caphpj; njhopy; El;gj;Jiw 2. Ez;zpay; njhopy; El;gj;Jiw

24. gl;lg;gbg;Gfspy; vitNaDk; ehd;fis vOJf.jkpo;> Mq;fpyk;> ,sq;fiy (gp.V) mwptpay;> fzpjk; ,sq;fiy (gp. v];.]p)

25. ,ilepiy Mrphpah; gapw;rp Fwpj;J vOJf.Nky;epiyf;fy;tp Njh;r;rp ngw;wth;fs;> ,ilepiy Mrphpah; fy;tpg; gapw;rp ,uz;L Mz;Lfs;

gbj;Jj; Njh;r;rp ngWtJld;> Mrphpah; jFjpj; Njh;tpYk; Njh;;r;rp ngw;why; ,ilepiy Mrphpauhfg;gzpapy; Nruyhk;.

gFjp - 2gFjp - 2gFjp - 2gFjp - 2gFjp - 2ciueil rpWtpdh ehd;F kjpg;ngz; tpdh vz; : 40 - 44ciueil rpWtpdh ehd;F kjpg;ngz; tpdh vz; : 40 - 44ciueil rpWtpdh ehd;F kjpg;ngz; tpdh vz; : 40 - 44ciueil rpWtpdh ehd;F kjpg;ngz; tpdh vz; : 40 - 44ciueil rpWtpdh ehd;F kjpg;ngz; tpdh vz; : 40 - 44

fPo;f;fhZk; tpdhf;fSf;F MW thpfSf;F kpfhky; tpilasp:fPo;f;fhZk; tpdhf;fSf;F MW thpfSf;F kpfhky; tpilasp:fPo;f;fhZk; tpdhf;fSf;F MW thpfSf;F kpfhky; tpilasp:fPo;f;fhZk; tpdhf;fSf;F MW thpfSf;F kpfhky; tpilasp:fPo;f;fhZk; tpdhf;fSf;F MW thpfSf;F kpfhky; tpilasp:1. jkpo; nkhopapd; jdpj;jd;ikfis vOJf.

1. jkpo; ,ay;> ,ir> ehlfk;> vd;fpw Kg;ngUk; gphpTfisf; nfhz;lJ.2. jkpoh; mfk;> Gwk; vd tho;tpaYf;F ,yf;fzk; tFj;jdh;3. ,wth ,yf;fpa ,yf;fz tsKilaJ.4. goikAk;> ngUikAk; ngw;Ws;sJ.

2. nkhopf;Fhpa nrt;tpay; jd;ikfs; ahit?1. njhd;ik> Kd;ik> Ez;ik>jpz;ik> vz;ik> xz;ik> ,dpik> jdpik> ,sik> tsik> jha;ik>J}a;ik> Kk;ik> nrk;ik> ,ad;ik> tpad;ik MFk;.

3. kzf;nfhil Fwpj;Jg; nghpahh; $Wtd ahit?jkpoh;fsplk; ,d;W gutpAs;s ngUNeha; xd;W cz;L. mJNt kzf;nfhil ngw;Nwhh; gyh; jk;kfdpd; fy;tpf;fhfg; gzk; nrytopg;gjidj; jq;fs; flikiar; Nrh;e;jJ vdf; fUjhJ> mijVNjh xU njhopypy; Nghl;l KjyPlhfNt fUjpdh;. me;j KjyPl;il tl;bAld; Nrh;j;Nj mtDf;Ftug;Nghfpd;w kidtp %yk; ngWtNj kzf;nfhil MFk;.

4. mk;Ngj;fh; ngw;w fy;tpj; jFjpfs; ahit?mk;Ngj;fh; 1908 ,y; vy;gpd;];ld; gs;spapy; jk; cah; epiyg;gs;spg; gbg;ig Kbj;jhh;. 1912 ,y;gk;gha; vy;gpd;];ld; fy;Y}hpapy; ,sq;fiyg; gl;lk; ngw;whh;.1915 ,y; mnkhpf;ff; nfhyk;gpahgy;fiyf; fofj;jpy; KJfiyg; gl;lk;>1916y;,y; ,yz;ldpy; nghUshjhuj;jpy; Kidth; gl;lKk;>mwptpaypy; KJfiy> ghhp];lh; gl;lKk; ngw;whh;.

5. Ngr;rpid Kbf;Fk; Kiwfs; rpytw;iw vOJf.



17

Ngr;ir Kbf;Fk; NghJ jhd; Ngr;rhsh; jkJ fUj;ij tw;GWj;jTk;> Nfl;Nghh; kdjpy; gjpAkhWRUf;fpf; $wTk; $Lk; RUf;fj;ijf; $wp Kbj;jy;> ghuhl;b Kbj;jy; ftpijiaf; $wp Kbj;jy;>czh;r;rpiaj; J}z;Lk; Kiwapy; Kbj;jy;. rpwe;j Ngr;rhsh; vg;gb Kbj;jhYk; moFwNt mikAk;.

6. fUj;Jg;glk; gw;wp tpsf;F vOJf.fUj;Jg;glk; mikf;fj; njhlq;fpath; ‘thy;l; b];dp’ vd;gth; Mthh;. mth; Xtpah;. xNu nraiyf;

Fwpf;Fk; gy;yhapuf;fzf;fhd glq;fis tiuthh;. xd;Wf;nfhd;W rpwpJ rpwpjhf khWtdthf,Uf;Fk;. xt;nthU fhl;rpapYk; tUk; tptuq;fisAk;> gpd;dzpiaAk; jdpj;jdpahf vOjp xspGFk;nry;Yyha;L jfl;by; jPl;b jpiug;gl glg;gpbg;Gf; fUtpiaf; nfhz;L ,g;glq;fisg; glkhf;Fth;.fijf;Nfw;g xypg;gjpitAk; nra;th;. glk; vOJtjw;F gjpyhfg; nghk;ikfisf; nfhz;Lk; glk;jahhpf;fpd;wdh;.

7. fly; thzpfk; Fwpj;J vOJf.fly; thzpfj;jpy; jkpoh; rpwe;jpUe;jdh;. gz;ilj; jkpofj;jpy; JiwKfg; gl;bdq;fs; gytpUe;jd.G+k;Gfhh; tzpfh; thOk; efukha; ,Ue;jJ. fpwpj;J gpwg;gjw;F Kd;Ng fpNuf;fk;> cNuhkhGhp> vfpg;JMfpa ehLfSf;F mhprpAk;> kapy; NjhifAk; re;jdKk; jkpofj;jpypUe;J mDg;gg;gl;ld. murd;rhykDf;F ahidj; je;jKk; thridg;nghUs;fSk; jkpofj;jpypUe;J mDg;gg;gl;ld.jkpoh;fSf;Fr;rhtf ehl;Lld; fly; thzpfj; njhlh;G ,Ue;jJ.

8. mZ gw;wpa fk;ghpd; fUj;J ahJ?,d;iwa mwptpay; mZitg; gpsf;fTk; Nrh;f;fTk; KbAk; vd Ma;e;jpUf;fpwJ. xsit ‘mZitj;Jisj;J Vo; fliyg; Gfl;b’ vd;W nrhy;fpwhh;. ‘Xh; mZtpidr; rj $wpl;l NfhzpDk; csd;’vdf; fk;gUk; $Wth;. ,jd; %yk; mZr; Nrh;g;Gk; mZg; gphpg;Gk; gw;wpa fUj;Jfs; md;Nw mUk;gpd.

9. fhe;jpabfisf; fth;e;j ehlfk; vJ? tpsf;Ff.mhpr;re;jpu ehlfk; cz;ikia kl;LNk NgRk; murd; mhpr;re;jpuid>xU ngha; Ngr itf;f Ntz;Lk;vd;gjw;fhfNt gy ,d;dy;fSf;F cs;shf;Ffpwhh;. Kdpth; tpRthkpj;jpuh;. mjdhy; mhpr;re;jpud;ehl;ilAk; kidtpiaAk; xNu kfidAk; ,of;fpd;whd;. RLfhl;by; gzpGhpfpd;whd;. Kdpth;gy;NtW ,d;dy;fis ,ioj;Jk; ngha; nrhy;Nyd; vd;w kWnkhop $wpdhd;. mtdJ tha;ikiaehlfk; thapyhf czh;e;j fhe;jp jhk; xU rj;jpathdhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd cWjp G+z;lhh;.

10. ,uhkypq;fiu ‘cj;jk kdpjh;’ vd;W jpfk;gu rhkpahh; Nghw;wpa epfo;r;rpia vOJf?jpUnthw;wpA+h;r; rd;djp tPjpapy; xU tPl;Lj; jpz;izapy; cl;fhh;e;jpUe;j jpfk;gurhkpahh;> mt;topapy;nry;Yk; kdpjh;fisf; fz;L ‘mNjh khL NghfpwJ; ML NghfpwJ; eha; NghfpwJ ;ehp NghfpwJ;vd;W mtuth;fspd; Fzj; jd;ikf; Nfw;g tpyq;Ffspd; ngah;fshy; $Wthh;. Mdhy; ,uhkypq;fh;mt;topNa nrd;w NghJ ,Njh Xh; cj;jk kdpjh; Nghfpwhh; vd;W $wpdhh;.

11. Rj;j rd;khh;f;f Nehf;fq;fs; ehd;fpid vOJf?,iwtd;xUtNd> mtd; xsp tbthdtd;> ,iwtid mila rkur Rj;j rd;khh;f;f rq;fj;ijtlY}hpy; epWtpdhh;. rhjp kj rka ,d NtWghL $lhJ. vt;TapiuAk; nfhy;yf; $lhJ. Gyhy;cz;zy; $lhJ. vy;yh caph;fisAk; jk; caph; Nghy; vz;Zjy; Ntz;Lk;. kf;fs; midtiuAkcld; gpwg;gha; Nerpj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

12. njhopy; El;g fy;tp Fwpj;J vOJf?gj;jhk; tFg;gpy; Njh;r;rp ngw;wth;fs; jhq;fs; ngw;w cah; kjpg;ngz;fSf;F Vw;gg; gy;NtW njhopy;El;gf; fy;Y}hpfspy; Nrh;e;J gapyyhk;. nghwpapay; Jiwfspy; cs;sit Nghy; gy;NtW Jiwfs;,jpYk; cz;L. ,tw;wpy; Nrh;e;J gbg;gth;fSf;F ,f;fhyj;jpy; gy;NtW njhopy; rhh;e;j Ntiytha;g;Gfs; ngWtjw;F tha;g;G cz;L.

13. ,uhZtk; fhty; Kjypa gzpfspy; Nrh;tjw;fhd $Wfs; ahit?Kjypy; clw;$W Njh;T eilngWk;. jpU%yh; thf;fpw;Nfw;g Kiwahd clw;gapw;rp %yk; ey;y cly;jFjp ngw;wth;fs; vOj;Jj; Njh;tpYk; ntw;wp ngWtNj ,jw;Fhpa jFjpf; $whFk;. ,tw;wpy; Njh;r;rpngw;wth;fNs ,g;gzpapy; Nruyhk;.



18

gphpT - gphpT - gphpT - gphpT - gphpT - IVtpdh vz; : 46tpdh vz; : 46tpdh vz; : 46tpdh vz; : 46tpdh vz; : 46

I. fPo;f;fhZk; ciug;gFjpiag;gbj;J tpdhf;fSf;F tpilasp:fPo;f;fhZk; ciug;gFjpiag;gbj;J tpdhf;fSf;F tpilasp:fPo;f;fhZk; ciug;gFjpiag;gbj;J tpdhf;fSf;F tpilasp:fPo;f;fhZk; ciug;gFjpiag;gbj;J tpdhf;fSf;F tpilasp:fPo;f;fhZk; ciug;gFjpiag;gbj;J tpdhf;fSf;F tpilasp:1. ‘xOf;fk; caphpDk; Xk;gg;gLk;’ vd;Dk; ts;Sth; tha; nkhopia ed;Fzh;e;jth; nghpahh;. xU ehL

tsj;Jld; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lkhdhy; me;ehl;L kf;fs; midtUk; xj;j xOf;fKilath;fshf ,Uj;jy;xOf;fnkd;gJk; fw;ngd;gJk; ngz;fSf;F kl;Lk; vd;wpy;yhky; Mz; ngz; ,Ughyhh;f;Fk;nghJthFk; vd;gJ mth; jk; fUj;J. nghpahh; r%f Kuz;fis; vjph;j;jth; %lf;fUj;JfisKl;lWj;jth;; njhiy Nehf;F ghh;itAilath;; gFj;jwpTf;Fg; nghUe;jhjtw;iw mWj;Jvjph;j;jth; ; r%f khw;wj;ij tpUk;gpath;; ngz;fNs r%fj;jpd; fz;fs; vdf; fUjpath;. ngz;fismbikj;jisapypUe;J kPl;lth; nghpahh; topfhl;Ljyhy; jkpofk; ,d;W jiyepkph;e;J epw;fpwJ.tpdhf;fs;:1. nghpahh; vij vjph;j;jhh;?tpil: r%f Kuz;fis vjph;j;jhh;.

2. r%fj;jpd; fz;fs; vd;W nghpahh; ahiuf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;?ngz;fs; r%fj;jpd; fz;fs; vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;.

3. xOf;fk; ahUf;Fg; nghJthdJ vd;whh; nghpahh;?Mz;> ngz; ,UtUf;Fk; nghJthdJ vd;whh; nghpahh;.

4. xOf;fk; Fwpj;J ts;Sth; $WtJ ahJ?xOf;fk; caphpDk; Xk;gg;gLk; vd;whh;.

5. nghpahh; vg;ghh;itAilath;? njhiy Nehf;Fg; ghh;itAilath;.II. mk;Ngj;fh; Nkiy ehLfspy; fy;tp gapd;w NghJ Gfo; tha;e;j Nguhrphpah; gyUld; el;Gf;

nfhz;bUe;jhh;. ,th; vOjpa ‘,e;jpahtpd; Njrpag; gq;F tPjk;’ vd;Dk; E}iyg; nghUshjhuj;Jiwapd; rpwe;j E}yff; fUjpg; nghUspay; ty;Yeh;fSk; Nguhrphpah;fSk; nghpJk; kjpj;Jg;Nghw;wpdhh;fs;. nghUspaypy; ngUk; Gyik ngw;W tpsq;fpajhy; gy;NtW nghUshjhr; rpf;fy;fismZfpAk; EZfpAk; Muha;e;J ghh;f;f mtuhy; ,ad;wJ; njhopy; Jiwapy; nghUshjhu tsh;r;rpg;ngw GJg;GJf; fUj;Jfis ntspg;gLj;jpdhh;.tpdhf;fs; - tpilfs;:

1. mk;Ngj;fh; vq;F fy;tp gapd;whh;?Nkiy ehLfspy;

2. mth; ahUld; el;Gf; nfhz;bUe;jhh;?Gfo; tha;e;j Nguhrphpah;fSld;

3. mth; vOjpa E}ypd; ngah; vd;d?‘,e;jpahtpd; Njrpa gq;F tPjk;”

4. mth; vjpy; ngUk; Gyik ngw;W tpsq;fpdhh;?nghUspay;

5. njhopy;Jiwapy; nghUshjhu tsh;r;rp ngw vij ntspg;gLj;jpdhh;?GJg;GJf; fUj;Jfis ntspg;gLj;jpdhh;.

III. xspg;glk; vLf;Fk; Kiwia 1830 Mk; Mz;L fz;L gpbj;j gpd;dh;> vl;th;L ikgphpl;R vd;wMq;fpNyah; Kjypy; XLk; Fjpiuia ,af;fg;glkhf vLj;J ntw;wp ngw;whh;. <];l;kd; vd;ghh;glr;RUs; cUthf;Fk; Kiwiaf; fz;Lgpbj;jhh;.vbrd; glr;RUs; cUthf;Fk; Kiwiaf;fz;Lgpbj;jhh;. vbrd; xUth; kl;Lk; ghh;f;Fk; glf; fUtpia fz;L gpbj;jhh;. gpuhd;rp]; nrd;fpd;R vd;w mnkhpf;fh; 1894 ,y; hpr;kz;l; vd;Dkplj;jpy; ,af;fg; glj;ijg; gyUk; ghh;f;Fk; tifapy;tbtikj;jhh;. Gjpa gl tPo;j;jpfs; cUthf ,tUila fUj;JfNs mbg;gilahf mike;jd.tpdhf;fs; - tpilfs;:

1. xspg;glk; vLf;Fk; Kiwia ve;j fz;L gpbj;jdh;?1830

2. XLk; Fjpiuia ,af;fg;glkhf vLj;jth; ahh;?‘vl;th;L ik gphpl;R”



19

3. glr;RUs; cUthf;Fk; Kiwiaf; fz;L gpbj;jth; ahh;?<];l;kd;

4. ,af;fg; glj;ij tbtikj;jth; ahh;?gpuhd;rp]; nrd;fpd;R

5. ve;j Mz;L ,af;fg; glj;ij tbtikj;jhh;?1894neLtpdhf;fs;: ciueil tpdh vz; : 48neLtpdhf;fs;: ciueil tpdh vz; : 48neLtpdhf;fs;: ciueil tpdh vz; : 48neLtpdhf;fs;: ciueil tpdh vz; : 48neLtpdhf;fs;: ciueil tpdh vz; : 48

1. ngz; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;fhd mbg;gilj; Njitfshfg; nghpahh; $wpAs;stw;iwj; njhFj;J vOJf.ngz;fspd; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;fhd mbg;gilj; Njitfisg; ngz;fy;tp> ngz;Zhpik> nrhj;Jhpik>muRg;gzp vd tifg;gLj;jpg; nghpahh; $wpAs;shh;.ngz; fy;tp: ngz;fs; fy;tp ngWtJ> mth;fspd; chpik kl;Lkd;W mth;fSf;F cyfg; gbg;Gk;Muha;r;rpg; gbg;Gk; jhuskha;f; nfhLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.ngz;Zhpik: goikahd %l ek;gpf;iffs;> Foe;ijj; jpUkzk; Mfpad ngz;Zhpikf;Fg;ngUe;jilfshFk;. mth;fs; chpik ngw;Wg; GJ cyifg; gilf;f Ntz;Lk;.nrhj;Jhpik: ngz;fSf;Fr; nrhj;Jhpik nfhLj;J tpl;lhy; mth;fSf;F ,Uf;Fk; midj;Jtpjkhd mbikj;jdq;fSk; xope;JtpLk;.muRg;gzp : Mz;fisg;Nghy> murpd; midj;Jj; JiwfspYk; ngz;fs; gzpahw;w tha;g;gspf;fNtz;Lk;. mg;gbr; nra;jhy; rKjhaj;jpy; Gul;rp Vw;gLk; vd;whh;.

2. mk;Ngj;fh; vj;jifa ,e;jpahit mikf;f tpUk;gpdhh;?mk;Ngj;fh; ,e;jpahtpy; Mq;fpy Mjpf;fk; ePq;fp kf;fshl;rp kyh;e;jpl Ntz;Lk; vdf; Fuy; nfhLj;jhh;.%l ek;gpf;iffSk; jPa gof;fq;fSk; mhpj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;j ,e;jpar; rKjhaj;jpy; rkg;gLj;jg;Nghuhbdhh;. vq;F rkj;Jtk; kWf;fg;gLfpwNjh mq;Nf kdpj Neak; kiwe;J tpLk; vd;gijczh;e;jhh;. mwpahikNa kf;fspd; my;yy; midj;jpw;Fk; %y fhuzkhFk;. ,e;jpag; nghUshjhutsh;r;rpf;fhfg; gy;NtW rpf;fy;fis Muha;e;Jmhpa fUj;Jfis ntspapl;llhh;. ,e;jpah FbauRehlhf tpsq;Ftjw;Fhpa ,e;jpa murpayikg;Gr; rl;lj;ij tFj;jspj;jhh;. Rje;jpuk;> rkj;Jtk;>rNfhjuj;Jtk; vd;Dk; %d;Wk; ,e;jpar; rKjhaj;jpy; Vw;wk; jUtd. MfNt ,e;jpar; rKjhaj;jpy;,it %d;Wk; nropj;jpl tpUk;gpdhh;.

3. jpiug;glk; vLj;jYf;F Njitahd Maj;jg; gzpfis njhFj;njOJf?tho;tpw;Fr; rpwg;igAk; caph;g;iaAk; jUtJ fiy. mtw;Ws; jpiug;glf;fiy rpwe;jJ. cyfpy;

gy;NtW nkhopfs; ,Ug;gpDk; kf;fs; midtUk; vspjpy; Ghpe;J nfhs;Sk; cyf nkhop> jpiug;glk;mJ cjL NgRk; nkhopad;;W> cs;sj;jhy; Ngrp czh;r;rpahy; cUthFk; nkhop. jpiug;glk;vLf;fg;gLKd;> jpiug;glf; fijiaAk;> fij khe;jiuAk; Njh;T nra;th;. gpd;dh;f; fij> ciuahly;ghly; Kjypatw;iw Maj;jg;gLj;Jth;. ebfh; ebifah;> Njhoh;> Njhopah; gzpahsh;fs; vd ebfh;fs;Njh;T nra;ag;gLth;> mth;fSf;F Vw;w cilfs; tbtikf;fg;gLk;> ,irthd Fuy; ,y;yhjtUf;FNtnwhUth; Fuy; ju KbAk;. ebfh;fspd; ebg;igAk;> ghLk; ghly;fisAk; ciuahly;fisAk;xypg;gjpT nra;th;> ciuahlypy; vOk; xyp miyfs; xU Ez;nzhyp ngUf;fpiaj; jhf;Fk;.Ez;nzhyp ngUf;fp xypaiyfspd; kpd;mjph;Tfshf;Fk;. me;j kpd; mjph;Tfs; ngUf;fg;gl;LxUtif tpsf;fpDs; nrYj;jg;gLfpd;wd. me;j kpd;Ndhl;lj;jpw;Fj; jf;fthW tpsf;fpd; xspkhWk;. ,e;j xsp mjph;T> glr;RUspd; tpspk;gpYs;s gFjpapy; tpOe;J mq;F m‡J xypg;ghijiaNjhw;Wtpf;Fk;.

4. jkpod; mwptpaypd; Kd;Ndhb vd;gjid tpsf;Ff.Nguz;lj; Njhw;wk; Fwpj;J Nkiy ehl;lth; mz;ikf; fhykhf Muha;e;J tUfpd;wdh;. cyfk;

cUz;ilahdJ vdg; gjpdhwhk; E}w;whz;by; jhd; Nkiy ehl;lth; fz;lwpe;jdh;. ,r;nra;jpfis‘mz;lg; gFjpapd; cz;ilg; gpwf;fk;’ vdj; jpUthrfk; NgRfpwJ. Rw;Wjy; vd;fpw cyT vd;Dk;nrhy;ybahf ‘cyfk;’ vdg; ngahpl;ldh; jkpoh;. me;juj;jpy; njhq;Ftjhy; ‘Qhyk;’ vdf; $wpdh;.thdpy; fhw;wpy;yhg; gFjp cz;L vd;gijAk; ‘twpJ epiy,a fhyKk;’ vd;Dk; GwehD}w;Wg; ghly;thp Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. tpkhdp ,y;yhj thD}h;jpia gz;ilj; jkpoh; nrYj;jpaij ‘tytd; VththD}h;jp’ vd;Dk; Gwg;ghly; thp njhptpf;fpwJ.

fUk;G gpopAk; ve;jpuk; Fwpj;Jg; gjpw;Wg; gj;Jk;> ve;jpuf; fpzW> nghwpahy; ,yf;fpa ahid



20

Fwpj;Jg; ngUq;fijAk; NgRtjpypUe;J jkpohpd; nghwpapay; mwpT Gyg;gLk;. fdpktpay; gw;wpanra;jpia kzpNkfiy Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. jkpoh; jhk; tho;e;j epyj;ij ItiffshfTk; epwk; Ritjd;ikfspd; mbg;gilapy; nrk;kz; epyk; cth;epyk; fsh; epyk; vd %tiffshfTk; gphpj;jdh;.mZitf; Fwpj;J xsitahUk; fk;gUk; NgRfpd;wdh;. ePhpay; jj;Jtk;> kUj;Jtk; Fwpj;Jg; gyE}y;fs; cs;sd.nghpa GuhzKk;> fk;guhkhazKk;> kzp NkfiyAk; mWit kUj;Jtr; nra;jpfisf; $Wfpd;wd.

5. fiy mwptpay; fy;tp> rpWnjhopy; fy;tp Fwpj;J tpthpf;f.Nkdpiyf; fy;tpapy; Njh;r;rp ngw;Wj; njhopw;fy;tp gapy ,ayhjth;fs;> fiy mwptpay; fy;Y}hpfspy;Nrh;e;J fzpjk;> ,aw;gpay; Ntjpapay; tpyq;fpay;> nghUspay;> tuyhW fzf;Fg;gjptpay;>fzpg;nghwpapay;> jkpo;> Mq;fpyk; thzpftpay; Kjypa gphpTfspy; Nrh;e;J ,sq;fiyg; gl;lKk;KJfiyg; gl;lKk; ngwyhk;. ,sq;fiyg; gl;lk; ngw;Nwhh; fy;tpapay; fy;Y}hpapy; Nrh;e;J,sq;fy;tpapay; gl;lk; ngw;W gl;ljhhp Mrphpah; gzpapy; Nruyhk;. muRj; Njh;thizaq;fs;>tq;fpj;Jiw> MAs; fhg;gPl;Lj;Jiw tzpfj;Jiw elj;Jk; Nghl;bj; Njh;Tfis vOjp ntw;wp ngw;WNtiy tha;g;Gfisg; ngwyhk;.rpW njhopy; fy;tp : gj;jhk; tFg;gpy; Njh;r;rp ngw;wth;fs;> ngwhjth;fs; njhopw; gapw;rp epWtdq;fspy;Nrh;e;J Xuhz;L(m.) <uhz;L gapw;rp ngw;W gzpapy; Nruyhk;.fk;kpah;> filry; gpbg;gth;> fl;ll tiuthsh; epy msitahsh;> jr;rh; Kjyhd gbg;Gfspy; gapw;rpiag;ngwyhk;.,ae;jpuk;> thfdk;> njhiyf;fhl;rp> Fsp&l;b> fzpdp gOJ ghh;f;Fk; gbg;Gfspy; Nruyhk;.muRg; gzpf;fhff; fhj;jpuhky; Ranjhopy; njhlq;f tha;g;Gz;L. Ranjhopy; njhlq;Ftjw;F topfhl;Ljy;fs; gapw;rpfs; flDjtpfis muR mspf;fpwJ.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~



21

jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs;jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs;jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs;jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs;jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs;nkhopg; gapw;rpfs; (jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs;)

jkpo; ,uhz;lhk; jhspy; Nfs;tp vz; 11 Kjy; 20 tiu xU kjpg;ngz; tpdhf;fs;1 .1 .1 .1 .1 . ty;ypdk; kpfh ,lq;fSs; xd;wpid rhd;Wld; tpsf;Ff.ty;ypdk; kpfh ,lq;fSs; xd;wpid rhd;Wld; tpsf;Ff.ty;ypdk; kpfh ,lq;fSs; xd;wpid rhd;Wld; tpsf;Ff.ty;ypdk; kpfh ,lq;fSs; xd;wpid rhd;Wld; tpsf;Ff.ty;ypdk; kpfh ,lq;fSs; xd;wpid rhd;Wld; tpsf;Ff.

tpil : ck;ikj; njhiffspy; tUk; ty;ypdk; kpfhJ.v.fh. = fha; + fdp = fha;fdp

2 .2 .2 .2 .2 . ty;ypdk; kpFk; ,lq;fSs; xd;wpid rhd;Wld; tpsf;Ff.ty;ypdk; kpFk; ,lq;fSs; xd;wpid rhd;Wld; tpsf;Ff.ty;ypdk; kpFk; ,lq;fSs; xd;wpid rhd;Wld; tpsf;Ff.ty;ypdk; kpFk; ,lq;fSs; xd;wpid rhd;Wld; tpsf;Ff.ty;ypdk; kpFk; ,lq;fSs; xd;wpid rhd;Wld; tpsf;Ff.tpil : me;j> ,e;j> ve;j vd;Dk; nrhw;fspd; gpd;tUk; ty;ypdk; kpFk;.

v.fh. = me;j + Nfhtpy; = me;jf; Nfhtpy;3 .3 .3 .3 .3 . ngW - ,r;nrhy;iy tpidnar;rkhf;Ff.ngW - ,r;nrhy;iy tpidnar;rkhf;Ff.ngW - ,r;nrhy;iy tpidnar;rkhf;Ff.ngW - ,r;nrhy;iy tpidnar;rkhf;Ff.ngW - ,r;nrhy;iy tpidnar;rkhf;Ff.

tpil = ngw;W4 .4 .4 .4 .4 . XL - ,r;nrhy;iy tpidnar;rkhf;Ff.XL - ,r;nrhy;iy tpidnar;rkhf;Ff.XL - ,r;nrhy;iy tpidnar;rkhf;Ff.XL - ,r;nrhy;iy tpidnar;rkhf;Ff.XL - ,r;nrhy;iy tpidnar;rkhf;Ff.

tpil = Xb5 .5 .5 .5 .5 . ngW - ,r;nrhy;iy nganur;rkhf;Ff.ngW - ,r;nrhy;iy nganur;rkhf;Ff.ngW - ,r;nrhy;iy nganur;rkhf;Ff.ngW - ,r;nrhy;iy nganur;rkhf;Ff.ngW - ,r;nrhy;iy nganur;rkhf;Ff.

tpil = ngw;w.6 .6 .6 .6 .6 . XL - ,r;nrhy;iy nganur;rkhf;Ff.XL - ,r;nrhy;iy nganur;rkhf;Ff.XL - ,r;nrhy;iy nganur;rkhf;Ff.XL - ,r;nrhy;iy nganur;rkhf;Ff.XL - ,r;nrhy;iy nganur;rkhf;Ff.

tpil = Xba.7 .7 .7 .7 .7 . njhliu khw;wp mikf;f.njhliu khw;wp mikf;f.njhliu khw;wp mikf;f.njhliu khw;wp mikf;f.njhliu khw;wp mikf;f.

1. jpUf;Fwis midtUk; mwpth; - tpdhj; njhluhf mikf;f.tpil : jpUf;Fwis midtUk; mwptNuh?

2. ,kakiy kpfTk; caukhdJ - czh;r;rpj; njhluhf khw;W.tpil : vd;Nd> ,kakiyapd; cauk; !

3. ,sikapy; fy; - nra;jpj; njhluhf mikf;f.tpil : ,sikapy; fw;fNtz;Lk;.

4. fpsp fy;yhy; mbg;gl;lJ - czh;r;rpj; njhluhf khw;W.tpil : me;Njh> fpsp fy;yhy; mbg;gl;L tpl;lNj !

8 .8 .8 .8 .8 . re;jpg;gpiofis ePf;fp vOJf.re;jpg;gpiofis ePf;fp vOJf.re;jpg;gpiofis ePf;fp vOJf.re;jpg;gpiofis ePf;fp vOJf.re;jpg;gpiofis ePf;fp vOJf.1. chpikf; Fuy; nfhLj;j ey;Nyhh;fis jhd; ehk; rPh;jpUj;j nrk;ky;fs; vd rpe;ij kfpo

ghuhl;LfpNwhk;.tpil : chpik Fuy; nfhLj;j ey;Nyhh;fisj; jhd; ehk; rPh;jpUj;jr; nrk;ky;fs;

vd rpe;ij kfpo ghuhl;LfpNwhk;.2. NkilNgr;R kpFe;j gaid ju ty;yJ.

tpil : Nkilg; Ngr;R kpFe;j gaidj; juty;yJ.3. fapw;W fl;bypy; jd;id kwe;J cwq;fpdhd;.

tpil : fapw;Wf; fl;bypy; jd;id kwe;J cwq;fpdhd;.4. ViofSf;F nghUs; ngwhky; thjhb ePjp ngw;W je;jhh;.

tpil : ViofSf;Fg; nghUs; ngwhky; thjhb ePjp ngw;Wj; je;jhh;.9 .9 .9 .9 .9 . gpwnkhop nrhw;fSf;Fhpa jkpo; nkhop nrhw;fis vOJf.gpwnkhop nrhw;fSf;Fhpa jkpo; nkhop nrhw;fis vOJf.gpwnkhop nrhw;fSf;Fhpa jkpo; nkhop nrhw;fis vOJf.gpwnkhop nrhw;fSf;Fhpa jkpo; nkhop nrhw;fis vOJf.gpwnkhop nrhw;fSf;Fhpa jkpo; nkhop nrhw;fis vOJf.

1. ehd; ,e;j fhNy[pd; Xy;L ];^lz;l;.tpil : ehd; ,e;jf; fy;Y}hpapd; Kd;dhs; khztd;.

2. ,k;khh;f;fj;jpy; ahj;jpiu nry;Yq;fs;.tpil : ,g;ghijapy; ahj;jpiu nry;Yq;fs;.

3. ,e;j \h;l; kpfTk; fh];l;ypahdJ.tpil : ,e;j rl;il kpfTk; tpiy kjpg;Gs;sJ.

4. N\j;jpuq;fs; NjhWk; nrd;W tpf;fpufq;fis topgLf.

tpil : Gz;zpaj;jye;NjhWk; nrd;W flTs; rpiyfis topgLf.



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5. ehis elf;f tpUf;Fk; Nkl;rpy; ,e;jpah fz;bg;ghf tpd; nra;Ak;.

tpil : ehis elf;ftpUf;Fk; Nghl;bapy; ,e;jpah fz;bg;ghf ntw;wp ngWk;.

10 .10 .10 .10 .10 . ctikia nrhw;nwhlhpy; mikj;J vOJf.ctikia nrhw;nwhlhpy; mikj;J vOJf.ctikia nrhw;nwhlhpy; mikj;J vOJf.ctikia nrhw;nwhlhpy; mikj;J vOJf.ctikia nrhw;nwhlhpy; mikj;J vOJf.

1. gRkuj;jhzpia Nghytpil : vdJ Mrphpah; fw;gpf;Fk; ghlq;fs; gRkuj;jhzpNghy kdjpy; gjpe;jJ.

2. Fd;wpd; Nkypl;l tpsf;F Nghytpil : Gul;rpj; jiyth; vk;.[p. Mh; Gfo; Fd;wpd; Nkypl;l tpsf;F Nghy cyf

nkq;Fk; gutpAs;sJ.3. kyUk; kzKk; Nghy

tpil : ehk; ey;y ez;gh;fSld; gofpdhy; kyUk; kzKk; Nghy ek; tho;f;ifkzf;Fk;.

4. flypy; fiuj;j ngUq;fhak; Nghytpil : jPa ez;gh;fSf;F ehk; nrhy;Yk; mwpTiu flypy; fiuj;j ngUq;fhak;

Nghy tPzhfpj; jhd; NghFk;.11 .11 .11 .11 .11 . tOcr; nrhw;fis ePf;fp vOJ.tOcr; nrhw;fis ePf;fp vOJ.tOcr; nrhw;fis ePf;fp vOJ.tOcr; nrhw;fis ePf;fp vOJ.tOcr; nrhw;fis ePf;fp vOJ.

1. tyJ gf;fr; Rtw;wpy; vOjhNj.tpil : tyg;gf;fr; Rthpy; vOjhNj.

2. mtd; tPz; rpyT nra;fpwhd;.tpil : mtd; tPz; nryT nra;fpwhd;.

3. ,d;dpf;F xU fpNyh mtuf;fh thq;fp te;Njd;.tpil : ,d;iwf;F xU fpNyh mtiuf;fha; thq;fp te;Njd;.

12 .12 .12 .12 .12 . xUik gd;ik gpio ePf;fp vOJf.xUik gd;ik gpio ePf;fp vOJf.xUik gd;ik gpio ePf;fp vOJf.xUik gd;ik gpio ePf;fp vOJf.xUik gd;ik gpio ePf;fp vOJf.1. mtd; ftpQd; md;W.

tpil : mtd; ftpQd; my;yd;.2. ngz;fs; ngw Ntz;baJ ngz;fy;tp> ngz;Zhpik> nrhj;Jhpik.

tpil : ngz;fs; ngw Ntz;bad ngz;fy;tp ngz;Zhpik> nrhj;Jhpik3. mth; ifapy; Nfhg;Gfs; ,Ue;jJ.

tpil : mth; ifapy; Nfhg;Gfs; ,Ue;jd.4. jpiuauq;Ffspy; jpiug;glk; fhl;l xsp> xyp glf;fUtp vd;w fUtp gad;gLfpd;wd.

tpil : jpiuauq;Ffspy; jpiug;glk; fhl;l xsp xyp glf;fUtp vd;w fUtpgad;gLfpwJ.

5. NgUe;Jfs; XlhJ.tpil : NgUe;Jfs; Xlh.

13 .13 .13 .13 .13 . ,yf;fz Fwpg;G jUf.,yf;fz Fwpg;G jUf.,yf;fz Fwpg;G jUf.,yf;fz Fwpg;G jUf.,yf;fz Fwpg;G jUf.

1. ngha;ah tpsf;Fva;jhg; gopgopapy;yh kd;dd; <W nfl;l vjph;kiw nganur;rk;thuhg; nghUshf;fk;Njuh kd;dhnrynthopah top.

2. fhf;ftUfjUf tpaq;Nfhs; tpidKw;WnfLftho;fGFf



23

3. NjDk; kPDk;

nghd;Dk; JfpUk; vz;Zk;ikKj;Jk; kzpAk;

4. GjpJ GjpJnrhy;yp nrhy;yp mLf;Fj; njhlh;ed;W ed;WtUf tUf

5. ryrygsgs ,ul;ilf; fpstpFLFLfyfy

14.14 .14 .14 .14 . epWj;jw; FwpaPL:-epWj;jw; FwpaPL:-epWj;jw; FwpaPL:-epWj;jw; FwpaPL:-epWj;jw; FwpaPL:-

1. xsitahh; mjpakhidf; fz;lhh; Gfo;e;J ghbdhh; ghpR ngw;whh;.

tpil : xsitahh; mjpakhidf; fz;lhh;> Gfo;e;J ghbdhh;> ghpR ngw;whh;.

2. fijg;glq;fs; kl;Lkpd;wpf; fUj;Jg; glq;fs; nra;jpg; glq;fs; tpsf;fg;glq;fs; fy;tpg;glq;fs; vd gy tsh;r;rp epiyfisj; jpiug;glj;Jiw vl;bAs;sJ.

tpil : fijg; glq;fs; kl;Lkpd;wp fUj;Jg;glq;fs;> nra;jpg ; glq;fs;>tpsf;fg;glq;fs;> fy;tpg;glq;fs; vdg; gy tsh;r;rp epiyfisj; jpiug;glj;Jiwvl;bAs;sJ.

15 .15 .15 .15 .15 . njhifr; nrhy;iy tphpj;J vOJf.njhifr; nrhy;iy tphpj;J vOJf.njhifr; nrhy;iy tphpj;J vOJf.njhifr; nrhy;iy tphpj;J vOJf.njhifr; nrhy;iy tphpj;J vOJf.

1. Ie;jpiz - FwpQ;rp> Ky;iy> kUjk;> nea;jy;> ghiy.

2. Kj;jkpo; - ,ay;> ,ir> ehlfk;.

3. %Nte;jh; - Nruh;> Nrhoh;> ghz;bah;.

4. ehdpyk; - FwpQ;rp> Ky;iy> kUjk;> nea;jy;.

5. ,Utpid - ey;tpid> jPtpid

6. ehw;wpir - fpof;F> Nkw;F> tlf;F> njw;F.

16 .16 .16 .16 .16 . tphpAtikia njhifAtikfshf khw;Wf:-tphpAtikia njhifAtikfshf khw;Wf:-tphpAtikia njhifAtikfshf khw;Wf:-tphpAtikia njhifAtikfshf khw;Wf:-tphpAtikia njhifAtikfshf khw;Wf:-

1. fay; Nghd;w tpop. tpil : fay;tpop

2. Njd; Nghd;w nkhop tpil : Njd;nkhop

3. Kj;J Nghd;w gy; tpil : Kj;Jg;gy;

17 .17 .17 .17 .17 . njhifAtikia tphpAtikahf khw;Wf:-njhifAtikia tphpAtikahf khw;Wf:-njhifAtikia tphpAtikahf khw;Wf:-njhifAtikia tphpAtikahf khw;Wf:-njhifAtikia tphpAtikahf khw;Wf:-

1. kjpKfk; tpil : kjp Nghd;w Kfk;

2. gtstha; tpil : gtsk; Nghd;w tha;

3. fpspnkhop tpil : fpsp Nghd;w nkhop

18 .18 .18 .18 .18 . ctikia cUtfkhf khw;W:-ctikia cUtfkhf khw;W:-ctikia cUtfkhf khw;W:-ctikia cUtfkhf khw;W:-ctikia cUtfkhf khw;W:-

1. kyh;g;ghjk; tpil : ghjkyh;

2. Njd;jkpo; tpil : jkpo;j;Njd;

cUtfj;ij ctikahf khw;W:-cUtfj;ij ctikahf khw;W:-cUtfj;ij ctikahf khw;W:-cUtfj;ij ctikahf khw;W:-cUtfj;ij ctikahf khw;W:-

1. nkhopaKJ tpil : mKj nkhop

2. tpopf;fay; tpil : fay;tpop

chpa ctk cUig ,izj;J vOJf.chpa ctk cUig ,izj;J vOJf.chpa ctk cUig ,izj;J vOJf.chpa ctk cUig ,izj;J vOJf.chpa ctk cUig ,izj;J vOJf.

1. khd; _______ kUSk; ghh;it.(Nghy)

2. Nta; _______ Njhs;. (Giu)

3. fpsp _______ Ngrpdhs;.(Nghy) (Giu> Nghy> md;d)



24

,sikg; ngah;fis nghUj;Jf:-,sikg; ngah;fis nghUj;Jf:-,sikg; ngah;fis nghUj;Jf:-,sikg; ngah;fis nghUj;Jf:-,sikg; ngah;fis nghUj;Jf:-

1. ML - FQ;R2. khd; - gps;is3. fPhp - Fl;b4. Nfhop - fd;W.

tpil1. ML - Fl;b2. khd; - fd;W3. fPhp - gps;is4. Nfhop - FQ;R

kuGj; njhlUf;F Vw;w nghUis vOJ.kuGj; njhlUf;F Vw;w nghUis vOJ.kuGj; njhlUf;F Vw;w nghUis vOJ.kuGj; njhlUf;F Vw;w nghUis vOJ.kuGj; njhlUf;F Vw;w nghUis vOJ.1. Mapuq; fhyj;Jg; gaph; - ePz;l fhyj;jpw;FhpaJ2. Kjiyf; fz;zPh; - ngha;aOif3. Vl;Lr; Riuf;fha; fwpf;FjthJ - gl;lwptpy;yhj gbg;G4. thioab thioaha; - guk;giu guk;giuaha;5. nfhbfl;b gwj;jy; - jdpGfNohL tpsq;Fjy;

6 .6 .6 .6 .6 . rPl;L fpopjy; - Ntiy gwp NghFjy;rPl;L fpopjy; - Ntiy gwp NghFjy;rPl;L fpopjy; - Ntiy gwp NghFjy;rPl;L fpopjy; - Ntiy gwp NghFjy;rPl;L fpopjy; - Ntiy gwp NghFjy;mbf;Nfhbl;l kuGj; njhlh; Fwpf;Fk; nghUis vOJf.

1. vk;. [p. ,uhkr;re;jpud; jpiuthdpy; nfhbfl;bg; gwe;jhh;.tpil: jdpg;GfNohL tpsq;fpdhh;.

2. ,sq;Nfhtpd; FLk;gj;jpdh; thioab thioaha; Ntzhs; njhopy; nra;J te;jdh;.tpil: guk;giu guk;giuaha;

Jizg;ghlk; (tpdh vz; 31-33)Jizg;ghlk; (tpdh vz; 31-33)Jizg;ghlk; (tpdh vz; 31-33)Jizg;ghlk; (tpdh vz; 31-33)Jizg;ghlk; (tpdh vz; 31-33)

fPo;f;fhZk; tpdhf;fSs; xt;nthd;wpw;Fk; miug;gf;f mstpy; tpilaspf;f:-fPo;f;fhZk; tpdhf;fSs; xt;nthd;wpw;Fk; miug;gf;f mstpy; tpilaspf;f:-fPo;f;fhZk; tpdhf;fSs; xt;nthd;wpw;Fk; miug;gf;f mstpy; tpilaspf;f:-fPo;f;fhZk; tpdhf;fSs; xt;nthd;wpw;Fk; miug;gf;f mstpy; tpilaspf;f:-fPo;f;fhZk; tpdhf;fSs; xt;nthd;wpw;Fk; miug;gf;f mstpy; tpilaspf;f:-

1 .1 .1 .1 .1 . ghpjpkhw;fiyQhpd; jkpo;g ; gw;wpid tpsf;Ff.ghpjpkhw;fiyQhpd; jkpo;g ; gw;wpid tpsf;Ff.ghpjpkhw;fiyQhpd; jkpo;g ; gw;wpid tpsf;Ff.ghpjpkhw;fiyQhpd; jkpo;g ; gw;wpid tpsf;Ff.ghpjpkhw;fiyQhpd; jkpo;g ; gw;wpid tpsf;Ff.

ghpjpkhw; fiyQhpd; ,aw;ngah; #hpa ehuhaz rh];jphp.

jkpohh;tk; nfhz;l ‘,aw;wkpo; khzth;fSf;Fj; jk; tPl;bNyNa Ritglf; fw;gpj;jhh;.

Mq;fpyg; Nguhrphpah; xU ghlYf;F tpsf;fk; $wpdhh;. mg;NghJ> glfpd; JLg;GfSf;F>gwitapd; rpwF ctikahff; $wpaij kpfTk; tpae;J $wp elj;jpdhh;.

NkYk;> ,JNghd;w ctik jkpopy; cz;lh? vd;whh;.

ghpjpkhw; fiyQh; gd;dpnuz;lhk; E}w;whz;bNyNa fk;guhkhazk; Ffg; glyj;jpy; ,j;jifactik cs;sJ vd;W $wp> ‘tpLedp fbJ” - vd;Dk; mg;ghliyg; ghbf; fhl;bdhh;.

Mq;fpyg; Nguhrphpah; mtiu tpae;J ghuhl;bdhh;.

2 .2 .2 .2 .2 . ghpjpkhw; fiyQhpd; jkpo;j; njhz;bid tpthp.ghpjpkhw; fiyQhpd; jkpo;j; njhz;bid tpthp.ghpjpkhw; fiyQhpd; jkpo;j; njhz;bid tpthp.ghpjpkhw; fiyQhpd; jkpo;j; njhz;bid tpthp.ghpjpkhw; fiyQhpd; jkpo;j; njhz;bid tpthp.

1902 Mk; Mz;by; gy;fiy fofg; ghlj;jpl;lj;jpy; jkpio tpyf;fp tlnkhopiaf; nfhz;Ltu KbntLf;fg;gl;lJ.

me;j KbT> ghpjpkhw; fiyQhpd; cWjpahd vjph;g;ghy; iftplg;gl;lJ.

jkpo;r; nrhw;fNshL> tlnkhopr; nrhw;fisf; fye;J vOJtijf; fz;bj;jhh;.

&ghtjp> fyhtjp Kjypa ehlfq;fis ,aw;wpdhh;. mtNu> ngz;ghy; Ntlkpl;L ebj;J>ehlff;fiy tsh;r;rpf;Fj; Jiz Ghpe;jhh;.

jkpo;nkhopia ‘cah;jdpr; nrk;nkhop” vd;W Kjd; Kjypy; epiy ehl;ba ngUikf;F chpath;.

3 .3 .3 .3 .3 . ‘nky;y nky;y kw” - vd;Dk; rpWfijapd; ikaf; fUj;ij khwhky; RUf;fp vOJ.‘nky;y nky;y kw” - vd;Dk; rpWfijapd; ikaf; fUj;ij khwhky; RUf;fp vOJ.‘nky;y nky;y kw” - vd;Dk; rpWfijapd; ikaf; fUj;ij khwhky; RUf;fp vOJ.‘nky;y nky;y kw” - vd;Dk; rpWfijapd; ikaf; fUj;ij khwhky; RUf;fp vOJ.‘nky;y nky;y kw” - vd;Dk; rpWfijapd; ikaf; fUj;ij khwhky; RUf;fp vOJ.

fkyehjd; Xahky; Gif gpbg;gtd;. Nfhfpyh ,td; kidtp. mts; vt;tsT vLj;Jf; $wpAk;jpUe;jtpy;iy.

fkyehjdpd; ez;gd; ,uhkypq;fk;. ,tDk; Gifg; gpbg;gtd;. ,g;NghJ Gw;WNehahy;kUj;Jtkidapy; ,we;J tpLfpwhd;.



25

ez;gd; ,uhkypq;fj;jpd; kuzk; fkyehjdig; nghpJk; ghjpj;jJ.

,uhkypq;fj;jpd; kidtp rpahkshtpd; tpjitf; NfhyKk;> je;ijaw;w Foe;ijfspd; Vf;fKk;>mOifAk; fkyehjid Nahrpf;fr; nra;jJ.

Gif gpbf;Fk; gof;fj;ij tpl Kaw;rp nra;fpwhd;. KbT nra;J> mjw;fhd Kaw;rpapYk;,wq;fpdhd;.

mtd; kidtp NfhfpyhTk; cjtp nra;a> fkyehjd; ‘nky;y nky;y” - kwf;fpwhd;.

‘Gif clYf;Fg; gif”‘Gif clYf;Fg; gif”‘Gif clYf;Fg; gif”‘Gif clYf;Fg; gif”‘Gif clYf;Fg; gif”

4 .4 .4 .4 .4 . vk;.[p. ,uhkr;re;jpud; gw;wpf; fl;Liu vOJf.vk;.[p. ,uhkr;re;jpud; gw;wpf; fl;Liu vOJf.vk;.[p. ,uhkr;re;jpud; gw;wpf; fl;Liu vOJf.vk;.[p. ,uhkr;re;jpud; gw;wpf; fl;Liu vOJf.vk;.[p. ,uhkr;re;jpud; gw;wpf; fl;Liu vOJf.

NfhghyNkdd; - rj;jpaghkh jk;gjpapdUf;F 5-tJ kfdhf 17.01.1917y; ,yq;ifapYs;sfz;bapy; vk;.[p.Mh; gpwe;jhh;.

rpWtajpy; tWikapd; fhuzkhf Nkil ehlfq;fspy; rpWrpW Ntlq;fspy; ebj;J> fbdciog;gpdhy; fjhehafdhf cah;e;jhh;.

ebg;igAk;> murpaiyAk;> ,tuJ ,U fz;fshff; fUjpdhh;. ‘Gul;rp ebfh;”> ‘kf;fs; jpyfk;”vd;W kf;fshy; miof;fg;gl;lhh;.

mz;zhtpd; ‘,jaf;fdp” Mdhh;.

rj;JzTj; jpl;lj;ijf; nfhz;L te;jhh;.

rpwe;j ebfUf;fhd ‘ghuj;” gl;lKk;> ,e;jpahtpd; cahpa tpUjhd ‘ghuj; uj;dh” tpUijAk;ngw;whh;.

24.12.1987 md;W kiwe;jhh;.

tho;e;jth; Nfhb kiwe;jth; Nfhb

kf;fs; kdjpy; epw;gth; ahh;?

5 .5 .5 .5 .5 . mfoha;T Fwpj;j nra;jpfisj; njhFj;J vOJf.mfoha;T Fwpj;j nra;jpfisj; njhFj;J vOJf.mfoha;T Fwpj;j nra;jpfisj; njhFj;J vOJf.mfoha;T Fwpj;j nra;jpfisj; njhFj;J vOJf.mfoha;T Fwpj;j nra;jpfisj; njhFj;J vOJf.

goq;fhyj;ijg; gw;wp Ma;T nra;jNy njhy; nghUspay; mth;fs; tpl;Lr; nrd;w vr;rq;fs;>jlaq;fs;> fy;ntl;Lfs;> fhRfs;> nrg;NgLfs;> ,tw;iw Ma;T nra;tNj mfoha;T. Mq;fpyj;jpy;.‘Mh;f;fpahy[p” - vd;gh;.

fhtphpg; G+k;gl;bdk; xU JiwKf efuk;. ,e;j efuk; ,Ue;jjw;fhd Mjhuq;fs;> 1963 Mk;Mz;L Nkw; nfhz;l fly; mfoha;tpd; NghJ fz;lwpag;gl;ld.

mfoha;T vd;gJ kz;iz kpf El;gkhfTk;> nghWikAlDk; rpWfr; rpWfj; Njhz;bjlaq;fisr; rpijahky; jpul;LtJ.

xU ehl;bd; goikahd ,yf;fpaq;fs; mfoha;tpw;Fhpa ,lq;fisj; Njh;T nra;a Jizahf,Uf;fpd;wd.

mfoha;tpd;%yk; G+kpapd; Nkw;gug;gpdpy; kl;Lkpd;wp> FiffspDs;Sk;> eP&f;fbapYk;nra;ayhk;. ,jd; %yk; Kw;fhyj;jpy; ePhpDs; kiwe;j efuq;fs;> Jiw Kfq;fs; gw;wpa mhpa gynra;jpfis ntspf;nfhzu ,aYk;.

6 .6 .6 .6 .6 . Fwl;il xyp fijapd; fUj;Jk; nghUSk; khwhky; RUf;fp vOJf.Fwl;il xyp fijapd; fUj;Jk; nghUSk; khwhky; RUf;fp vOJf.Fwl;il xyp fijapd; fUj;Jk; nghUSk; khwhky; RUf;fp vOJf.Fwl;il xyp fijapd; fUj;Jk; nghUSk; khwhky; RUf;fp vOJf.Fwl;il xyp fijapd; fUj;Jk; nghUSk; khwhky; RUf;fp vOJf.

nry;tr; nropg;G kpFe;j> nfhLf;f kdkw;w muf;f kdk; gilj;j> Foe;ijfsw;w fztd; -kidtpahh; tPl;bd; tl gFjpapy; FbapUe;jhh;.

tWik thl;bdhYk; ,uf;fkdk; gilj;j fztd; - kidtp> 1 ghl;b> 6 Foe;ijfs;> 1 eha;>,g;NghJ 7tJ Foe;ij vd;W tho;e;J tUk; FLk;gk; tPl;bd; njd;gFjpapy; FbapUe;jdh;.

eha; 5 Fl;bfis <d;wJ. jha; eha; fhzhkw; NghfNt> Fl;bfs; grpahy; fj;jpd. ghy; thq;fpCw;wNth ,th;fsplk; gzk; ,y;iy.

muf;f kdk; nfhz;Nlhh; ed;whf cz;L> Fwl;il tpl;L cwq;fpf; nfhz;bUe;jdh;.

Mdhy; ,uf;fkdk; nfhz;l jhNah> jd; Foe;ijapd; ghiyNa gQ;rpy; eidj;J Fl;bfSf;Fk;nfhLj;J mtw;wpd; grpia Mw;wpdhh;.

Vg;g xyp te;j mNj jpirapypUe;J> Fwl;il xyp te;J nfhz;bUe;jJ.



26

7 .7 .7 .7 .7 . ,ypz;l; fpnud; gz;G eyd;fis vOJf.,ypz;l; fpnud; gz;G eyd;fis vOJf.,ypz;l; fpnud; gz;G eyd;fis vOJf.,ypz;l; fpnud; gz;G eyd;fis vOJf.,ypz;l; fpnud; gz;G eyd;fis vOJf.

Kjpath; #k;gpg; Nghd fhy;fis cilath;. iffshy; jto;e;J nry;thh;. Njhypdhy; MdifAiw> fhYiwfis mzpth;. Fl;ilahd jhb> rpwpa fz;fs;.

epjhd Fzk; cs;sth;. vijAk; epjhdkhff; $Wthh;. nra;thh;.

jd;dplk; vy;yhUk; ftdkhfTk;> mf;fiwahfTk;> ,Uf;fpwhh;fs; vd;gjhy;> ,e;j r%fj;jpd;kPJk; ey;nyz;zk; nfhz;lth;.

jhd; ,g;gbj;jhd; gpwe;Njd; vd;gjpypUe;Jk;> vy;yhUk; epidf;fpw mstpw;F mt;tsT Nkhrk;,y;iy vd;W jd;id KOikahf Vw;Wf; nfhz;lth;.

,e;j cyfk; vd;dplk; fUizAld; ,Uf;fpwJ. ehd; re;jpg;gth;fs; vy;NyhUk; md;ghdkdpjh;fs;. midj;jpYk; ey;ytw;iw kl;LNk ghh;f;Fk; Neh; kiwahd rpe;jid cs;sth;.

midthplKk; ey;y cwT nfhs;gth;.

Vo;ikapYk;> Rj;jkhfTk;> Neh;j;jpahfTk; jd; tPl;bid itj;jpUf;Fk; xOf;fkhdth;.

xU gaDs;s kdpjd; ,ypz;l; fpnud; vd;W tPl;Lf;fhuuhy; ghuhl;lg;gl;l tpaj;jF kdpjh;.vy;yhhplkpUe;Jk; NtWgl;lth;.

8 .8 .8 .8 .8 . E}yfj; Jiwapd; tsh;r;rp gw;wpf; fl;Liu tiuf.E}yfj; Jiwapd; tsh;r;rp gw;wpf; fl;Liu tiuf.E}yfj; Jiwapd; tsh;r;rp gw;wpf; fl;Liu tiuf.E}yfj; Jiwapd; tsh;r;rp gw;wpf; fl;Liu tiuf.E}yfj; Jiwapd; tsh;r;rp gw;wpf; fl;Liu tiuf.

‘Mwpy;yh CUf;F moFgho;” - vd;gJ gonkhop. mJNghy> ‘E}yfkpy;yh CUf;F mwpT gho;”- vd;gJ GJnkhop.

gbg;gthpd; rpe;jidiaj; J}z;Lk;. mwpthw;wiy xspur; nra;Ak;. tho;f;iff;F topfhl;Lk;fyq;fiuj; jPgkhfj; jpfo;git E}y;fs;.

vy;yh Ch;fspYk; E}yfk; mikf;Fk; cahpa gzpia nghJ E}yfj; Jiw nra;J tUfpwJ.

jkpofj;jpy; Vwf;Fiwa 10 ,lq;fspy; cs;sd. ,jd; tsh;r;rp 1820Mk; Mz;L Kjy; - 1981Mk; Mz;L tiu.

E}yfj;jpy; nra;jpj;jhs;> thu> khj ,jo;> rpwg;gpjo;> Ntiy tha;g;Gr; nra;jpfs; fhzg;gLk;.

E}y;fs; jw;NghJ kpd;dZ kakhf;fg;gl;L nghpJk; gadspf;fpwJ.

gs;spfs;> fy;Y}hpfspYk; E}yfq;fs; jpwf;fg;gl;L kf;fs; mwpT ngw;W tUfpd;wdh;. khzth;fs;gad;ngw;W tUfpd;wdh;.

mz;zh E}w;whz;L E}yfk; 2010 k; Mz;L Nfhl;^h;Guj;jpy; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

xt;nthU gs;spapy; kl;Lky;y> tFg;giwapYk; mwpT tsu ‘Gj;jfg; G+q;nfhj;J” nghpJk; toptFf;fpwJ. MfNt E}y;fisg; gbj;Jg; ghh;j;J ehk; mwpit tsh;j;Jf; nfhs;Nthk;.

tpdhvz; - 34 Kjy; 41 tiutpdhvz; - 34 Kjy; 41 tiutpdhvz; - 34 Kjy; 41 tiutpdhvz; - 34 Kjy; 41 tiutpdhvz; - 34 Kjy; 41 tiu

gFjp - 3gFjp - 3gFjp - 3gFjp - 3gFjp - 3

tpdh vz; : 34tpdh vz; : 34tpdh vz; : 34tpdh vz; : 34tpdh vz; : 34

1. Mq;fpy nrhw;fSf;F ,izahd jkpohf;fk; nra;f:

‘rd;Nlth;wJf;F ,d;Dk; ]pf;]; Nl]; ,Uf;FNj> Nlhz;l; nthh;hp. LkhNuh <tpdpq; \hg;gpq;Nghfyhk;. ,g;g cdf;F N`g;gp jhNd”

tpil: Qhapw;Wfpoik th;wJf;F ,d;Dk; MW ehs;fs; ,Uf;FNjh> ftiyg;glhNj. ehis khiyfilf;F Nghfyhk;. ,g;g cdf;F kfpo;;r;rp jhNd

2. RNu\; thl; N`g;gz;l;? Vd; Nyl;lh th;Nw? ‘ topapNy xNu buhgpf; [hk;lh.mjdhy jhd; Nyl;. rhprhp g]; vj;jid kzpf;F tUk;? bf;nfl; fpilr;Rjh.

tpil: ‘ RNu\;> vd;dhr;R? Vd; jhkjkhf tUfpwha;?

‘ topapNy xNu Nghf;Ftuj;J nehpry;. mjdhy; jhd; jhkjk;. rhp rhp. NgUe;J vj;jid kzpf;FtUk;?

gazr;rPl;L fpilj;jjh?”

3. gs;spapype;J tPl;bw;Fs; Eioe;j ghhp jd; ];$y; Ngf;if J}f;fp Nghl;Ltpl;L ‘kk;kp thl;lh;” vd;whd;.



27

mtd; jha;> ‘if fhy; f;sPd; gz;zpl;L Ng]; th\; gz;zpl;L th” vd;whh;.

tpil: gs;spapypUe;J tPl;bw;Fs; Eioe;j ghhp jd; gs;spg;igia J}f;fp Nghl;Ltpl;L>’mk;kh> jz;zPh;”vd;whd;.

mtd; jha;> ‘iffhy;. Rj;jk; gz;zpl;L Kfk; fOtp tpl;L th” vd;whh;.

M. muG vz;fis jkpnoz;fshf khw;W:

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 É ˆ Ë Ì Í Î Ï m Ñ

fLF> cSe;J> eide;J> rikj;J> Urpj;J> rhg;gpl;Nld; vd;W mtd; $wpdhd;.

muG vz;fs; - jkpnoz;fs;

100 - É00

150 - ÉÍ0

200 - ˆ00

176 - ÉÏÎ

tpdh vz; : 35

m. Mq;fpyg; gj;jpia jkpohf;fk; nra;f:

1. Trees are useful to us. They give us timber and firewood. The timber is used to make chairs,tables,and other furnitures. We get oil from the oilseeds of some trees. The leaves and fruits of sometrees are used to prepare medicine.

kuq;fs; ekf;F kpfTk; cgNahfkhdit. mit ekf;F kuf;fl;il kw;Wk; vhpnghUs;nfhLf;fpd;wd. kuf;fl;il ehw;fhyp> Nki[ kw;Wk; jsthlq;fs; jahhpf;fg; gad;gLfpd;wd. ehk;rpy kuq;fspd; tpijfspypUe;J vz;nza; ngWfpNwhk;. ,iy kw;Wk; goq;fs; kUe;Jfs; jahhpf;fg;gad;gLfpd;wd.

2. This is the age of computers. Computers are becoming more and more a part of everyday life.Today in the running of business, film industrial concerns and government departments. Lot ofinformation process is required.

,J fzpdpapd; fhyk;. fzpdp jw;NghJ tho;f;ifapd; kpf kpf Kf;fpa mk;rkhFk;. ,d;iwaepiyapy; tpahghuk;> epWtdk;> njhopw;rhiyfs; kw;Wk;muRj;Jiwfspy; Vuhskhd jfty; tptuq;fs;Njitg;gLfpd;wJ.

3. Food, is essential for all living beings. Without food, man cannot live long. Every man has to eat acertain quantity of food. So every man has to eat enough to live.

czT caph; tho mtrpak;. cztpd;wp kdpjdhy; caph; tho ,ayhJ. xt;nthU kdpjDk;XusT czthtJ rhg;gpl Ntz;bAs;sJ. vdNt xt;nthU kdpjDk; caph; tho NghJkhd czTcl;nfhs;s Ntz;bAs;sJ.

M. Mq;fpy gonkhopf;F ,izahd jkpo; gonkhopia vOJf:

Mq;fpy gonkhop jkpohf;fk;1. Man proposes God disposes ehk; xd;W epidj;jhy; nja;tk; xd;W epidf;Fk;2. knowledge is power mwpNt Mw;wy;3. Strike while the iron is hot gUtj;Nj gaph; nra;4. Money makes many things gzk; gj;Jk; nra;Ak;5. Tit for tat gopf;F gop6. Live and let live thO> thotpL7. Make hay while the sun shines fhw;Ws;s NghNj J}w;wpf;nfhs;8. Haste makes waste gjwpa fhhpak; rpjWk;9. Health is wealth Nehaw;w tho;Nt Fiwtw;w nry;tk;10. No pain, No gain khhpay;yhJ fhhpakpy;iy



28

11. East or west, home is best vyp tisahdhYk; jdp tis Ntz;Lk;.12. Work is workship nra;Ak; njhopNy nja;tk;13. Time is Gold fhyk; nghd; Nghd;wJ14. Old is gold gioikNa gRk;nghd;15. Diamond, cuts diamonds Ks;is Ks;shy; vL.16. Failure is the stepping stone to success Njhy;tpNa ntw;wpf;F Kjy; gb.17. Efforts never fail Kaw;rp jpUtpidahf;Fk;18. All that gliters are not gold kpd;Dtnjy;yhk; nghd;dy;y19. Look before you leap Mok; mwpahky; fhiy tplhNj20. Art is long and life is short fy;tp fiuapy; fw;gth; ehs; rpy21. Self help is the best help jd; ifNa jdf;Fjtp22. Too much of anything is good for nothing msTf;F kpQ;rpdhy; mkph;jKk; eQ;R.23. Empty vessels make the greatest sound FiwFlk; $j;jhLk;24. Manners make the man xOf;fk; cah;T jUk;25. A friend in need is friend indeed caph; nfhLg;ghd; Njhod;26. Barking dogs seldom bite Fiuf;fpw eha; fbf;fhJ27. Think everybody alike cd;idg; Nghy; gpwiuAk; Nerp.28. Slow and steady wins the race Kaw;rp jpUtpidahf;Fk;29. Prevention is better than cure tUk; Kd; fhg;Nghk;30. Covert all lose all Nguhir ngU e\;lk;

tpdh vz; : 36m. fij vOJjy;:

fPo;thdk; rptf;f njhlq;fp ,Ue;jJ. gwitfs; xypnaOg;gpthNw jk;jk; $Lfis tpl;Lgwf;fj; njhlq;fpd. me;j tpbaw;fhiy Neuj;jpy; Fkud; ........................fij vOj njhpe;jhy; jiyg;G je;J njhlur; nra;jy;.

M. ftpij vOJjy;:kio jha;

kioapd; thrk; - jhapd; fUtiwkz;zpd; Rthrk; Rfkhd nrhh;f;fNk

kioapd; Xh; Jsp- tQ;rid apy;yhjJkz;zpd; cah;j;Jsp jhapd; md;G

thdj;jpd; jpUtpoh thl;lkpy;yhjJtho;j;Jk; ek; cs;sq;fs; jhapd; md;G

Nkff;$l;lq;fspd; Muthuk; fyg;glkpy;yhjJkz;zpy; caph;fspd; Mjhuk; jhapd; md;G

kio mjid md;G vd;whNy mk;kh

tuNtw;f kuk; tsh;g;Nghk; mk;khit capnud

tdq;fs; mopahky; ghJfhg;Nghk;. Nerpj;jpLNthk;.

thdtpy; Foe;ij

VO tz;z XtpaNk koiyapd; rphpg;G

cd;is tz;zk; jPl;batd; ahh;? kdRf;Fs; kj;jhg;G

kioapd; khuhg;igj; jhz;b Foe;ijfspd; FJ}fyk;

cd; vopiy vq;fSf;Fj; jhuhNah? nfhz;lhLNthk; jpdk;

tz;zj;jpid mwpahj koiyf; $l fs;skpy;yh nts;is cs;sk;

cd;id vz;zj;jpy; itj;J urpg;gh; fth;e;jpLk; ek;ik vy;yhk;

flTspd; gilg;Gfis vz;zp Foy;> aho; xypfis tpl

G+hpf;fpd;Nwd;. cd; tz;z moif koiyapd; nrhy; ,dpJ

Muhjpf;fpd;Nwd; koiyfis urpj;jpLNthk;.



29

el;G Kaw;rpel;G vd;gJ ey;yth;fSld; Kaw;rp vd;gJ fly; miyNghy;

ehk; nfhs;tJ ,dpik Kad;W nfhz;Nl ,Ue;jhy;ez;gh;fs; ,Ue;jhy; ekf;F ntw;wp epr;rak;

vd;Wk; ,y;iy jdpik Kad;why; KbahjJ VJk; ,y;iyJd;gk; ,d;gk; ,uz;bYk; %r;R tpLgtd; vy;yhk; kdpjd; my;y

ekf;F Njhs; nfhLg;gtd; Njhod; Kaw;rp cilatNd kdpjd;ey;y el;Gf;F caph; nfhLg;Nghk; Kaw;rpf;F Vw;w $yp

ey;yth;fis el;ghf;fp fz;bg;ghf fpilj;jpLk;cyif nty;Nthk;. Kad;wtDf;F Mik - Kay; fijNa

cjhuzk;.fly; G+Q;Nrhiy

flypy; fpilf;Fk; nghUs;fs; G+f;fs; G+j;Jf; FYq;Fk; G+Q;Nrhiyapy; ....Vuhsk; Vuhsk; tz;Lfs; Njd; Fbj;J tho;j;Jk;vz;zpg;ghh;j;jhy; vy;yhNk ,aw;if md;idapd; ,izapy;yhjjhuhsk;> jhuhsk; gilg;Gfspy; vz;zp yapf;fpwJ kdk;miyfs; nrhy;Yk; tz;z tz;zg; G+f;fs;kdpjDf;F Mapuk; fijfs; tho;f;iff;F nrhy;Yk; ghlq;fs;Kaw;rpf; nfhz;ltd; tho;ehs; rpwpajhapDk;XahJ miyfisg; Nghy rhjidg; G+f;fsha; khwpL.Kad;why; KbahjJ ntw;wpia ehbLVJkpy;iy Nth;it nghq;f ghLgL

fhh;Nkfk;fz;zdpd; epwk; fUg;Gfhh;NkfNk ePAk; fUg;Gcd; tbtpidf; fz;LgyKiw ehd; tpae;Js;Nsd;ahidg;NghyTk;> G+idg; NghyTk;eP gythwhf fhl;rpaspj;jhYk;cd; Nehf;fk; vd;dNthkf;fspd; caph; fhf;Fk; nraNythdpy; fhh;Nkfk; fz;lJk;cs;sj;jpy; ,d;gk; nghq;Fk;.

Nfs;tp vz;: 37ghlypd; jpuz;l fUj;ij vOjp Ie;J eaq;fis vOJf.kdpjnuy;yhk; md;Gnewp fhz;gjw;Fk;

kNdhghtk; thidg;Nghy; tphptile;Jjdpkdpjj; jj;Jtkhk; ,Uisg; Nghf;fp

rfkf;fs; xd;nwd;g Jzh;tjw;Fk;,dpjpdpjha; vOe;j cah; vz;z nky;yhk;

,yFtJ Gyth; jU Rtbr;rhiy

Gdpjnkd;W kf;fs; GJ tho;T Ntz;by;

Gj;jf rhiy Ntz;Lk; ehl;by; ahz;Lk;

Gj;jf rhiy



30

ikaf;fUj;J:kdpjh; vy;yhk; md;G newpNahL> thidg; Nghd;w gue;j kdKk; jdp kdpj Raeyk; Nghf;fp

midj;J kf;fSk; xd;W vd;W czh;e;J ed;ndwp Xq;f Gyth;fs; ,aw;wpa Gj;jfr; rhiyfs;ehl;by; mikjy; Ntz;Lk;.jpuz;lfUj;J:

kdpjh;fs; md;Gld; thOk; kdepiy ngw Ntz;Lk;. jdpkdpj mwpahik ,Uis ePf;fTk;midtUk; rkk; vd;Dk; cah;e;j Nehf;fk; Ntz;Lk;. rpe;jidia J}z;Lk; nghpNahh;fs; $wparpe;jidfs; mlq;fpa Gj;jff; rhiyfs; ehnlq;Fk; ngUf Ntz;Lk;.mzpeak;:thidg; Nghy tphptile;JNghy vDk; ctk cUG moF nra;tjhy; - ctikazp gapd;Ws;sJ.vJif eak;:kdpjnuyhk;jdp kdpj,dpjpdpjha;Gdpj Kw;W

,uz;lhk; vOj;J xd;wp te;J vJifr;Rit je;Js;sJ.Nkhid eak;:kdpjnuyhk;

kNdhghtk;,dpjpdpjha;

,yFtJKjnyOj;J xd;wp te;J Nkhidr;Rit ngw;Ws;sJ.nrhy;eak;:

‘ kdpjh;fspd; kNdhghtk; thidg;Nghy; tphptile;J” md;G newp> kNdhghtk;> jdpkdpjjj;Jtk; - ,d;gk; gaf;Fk; Xireak; kpf;f nrhw;fis ftpQh; ifahz;Ls;shh;.nghUs; eak;:

‘ GdpjKw;W kf;fs; GJ tho;T Ntz;by; Gj;jfrhiy Ntz;Lk; ehl;by; ahz;Lk;”.kf;fs; Gdpjkhd GJ tho;T tho Gj;jfrhiyfs; ehl;by; mikjy; Ntz;Lk; vd;W

nghUs;gLkhW mike;Js;sJ. eakhf E}yfk; mikjy; Ntz;Lk; vd;w nghUs;gLkhW $wpAs;shh;ftpQh;.

2. gpwehl;L ey;ywpQh; rhj;jpuq;fs;

jkpo;nkhopapw; ngah;j;jy; Ntz;Lk;

,wthj GfOila GJE}y;fs;

jkpo; nkhopapy; ,aw;wy; Ntz;Lk;

kiwthf ekf;Fs;Ns goq;fijfs;

nrhy;tjpNyhh; kfpik ,y;iy

jpwkhd Gyiknadpy; ntspehl;lhh;

mij tzf;fk; nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;

- ghujpahh;

jkpio tsh;g;Nghk;

jpuz;l fUj;J:gpw ehl;L ey;ywpQh;fshy; ,aw;wg;gl;l E}y;fisj; jkpopy; nkhopngah;j;jply; Ntz;Lk;. fhy

khw;wq;fshy; mopahj Gfo;kpf;f GJg;GJ E}y;fis jkpo; nkhopapy; ,aw;Wjy; Ntz;Lk;. jkpopd;gok;ngUikfis kiwthf ekf;Fs;Ns Ngrpf; nfhz;bUg;gjpy; xU ngUikAk; ,y;iy. GJ E}y;fs;,aw;wp> ntsp ehl;ltUk; mijg; Nghw;wp kjpf;Fk; gb nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;.vJif eak;:gpwehl;L



31

kiwthf,wthjjpwkhd,uz;lhk; vOj;J xd;wp tUtjhy; vJif eak; ngw;W tpsq;Ffpd;wJ.Nkhid eak;:gpwehl;L - ngah;;j;jy;kiwthf - kfpik,wthj - ,aw;wy;

KjnyOj;J xd;wp tUtjhy; Nkhid eak; ngw;Ws;sJ.mzpeak;:‘Ntz;Lk;’ vDk; nrhy; gyKiw te;J xNu nghUis czh;j;Jtjhy; ,J gpd;tU epiyazp Mapw;W.nrhy;eak;:,wthj Gfo;> goq;fijfs;> jpwkhd Gyik Kjypa ,d;gk; gaf;Fk; Xireak; kpf;f nrhw;fisftpQh; ifahz;Ls;shh;.nghUs; eak;:gy;Jiw E}y;fs; jkpopy; gilj;jy; jkpo; tsh;r;rp ngWk; vd;gjid ftpQh; eakhf $wpAs;shh;.,iaG eak;:‘Ntz;Lk; vDk; nrhy; xt;Nthh; mbapYk; ,iae;J te;Js;sJ.

3. mg;gh ehd; Ntz;Ljy; Nfl;lUs; Ghpjy; Ntz;Lk;

MUaph;fl; nfy;yhk;ehd; md;G nray; Ntz;Lk;

vg;ghUk; vg;gjKk; vq;fZk; ehd; nrd;Nw

ve;ijepd jUl;Gfio ,ak;gpaply; Ntz;Lk;

nrg;ghj NkdpiyNky; Rj;jrpt khh;f;fk;

jpfo;e;Njhq;f mUl;Nrhjp nrYj;jpaply; Ntz;Lk;

jiytepidg; gphpahj epiyikAk; Ntz; LtNd

- ,uhkypq;f mbfshh;.

,iwaUs; Ntz;ly;jpuz;l fUj;J:mg;gh> ehd; Ntz;Lfpd;w vy;yhtw;iwAk; Nfl;L> vdf;F mUs; Ghpthahf.

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32

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33



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35

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36

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37

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38

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39

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40

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jl;nlr;rh; gzp Ntz;b tpz;zg;gk;jpUg;gj;J}h;04.03.14.

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41

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42

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(B.Sc., Computer Science) Kjy; tFg;gpy; Njh;r;rp

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43

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44

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45

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46

njhiyj; njhlh;G> kUj;Jtk; vd kf;fspd; mbg;gil tho;tpay; Njitfs; midj;jpYk; mwptpay;GFe;J tpl;lJ. kdpj ciog;Gg; ngUksT gad;gLk; ,lq;fspy; vy;yhk;. mwptpaypd; mr;Rg;gjpg;ghfpa,ae;jpuq;fs; GFe;Jtpl;ld. ,jdhy; kdpjh;fs; cliy tUj;jp> tpah;it rpe;jp ciof;f Ntz;baNjit Fiwe;Jtpl;lJ. mwptpay; tsh;r;rpf; fUtpfs; ,y;iyNay;> kf;fs; xU ehs; - xU nghOJ - xUnehb $l ,dp tho Kbahj epiyf;F js;sg;gl;Ls;sdh; vd;gNj cz;ikapYk; cz;ikahFk;.Mf;fj;jpw;Nf mwptpay; :

mwpT ,aNy mwptpay; vd;W ehkwpNthk;. kf;fspd; tsh;r ;rpf;Fk; cyfj;jpd;Mf;fj;jpw;Fk;jhd; mwptpay; gad;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gjpy; khw;Wf; fUj;J ahUf;Fk; ,Uf;f KbahJ.Mdhy;> xU rpyhpd; nray;ghLfshy; mwptpay; moptpw;Fg; gad;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUg;gJ tUj;jj;ijf;juf;$ba nra;jpahFk;. rhjp> rkak;> ,dk;> nkhop vd;fpw khDlg; gphpTfs; mwptpaiy moptpw;Fg;gad;gLj;Jtij mwNt jLj;J epWj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;. ‘caph;fs; ahTk; ,d;Gw;w tho;tjw;fhfNtgpwe;jpUf;fpd;wd” vd;Wk; cz;ikia mth;fspd; Mo;kdk; mwpT epiyNahL czh;e;Jnjspe;jply; Ntz;Lk;.

KbTiu :fhiyapy; vOe;jJ Kjy; ,uT gLf;Fk; tiu mwptpayhy; tho;fpNwhk;. mwptpayhy;

efh;fpNwhk; mwptpayhy; ,aq;FfpNwhk; ; ; mwptpayhy; mah;fpNwhk;. mwptpay; ,d;Nwy; khDltsh;r;rpNa ,y;iy ; mwptpay; ,d;Nwy; cyfpy; Mf;fg; gzpfSk; ,y;iy. vdNt> mwptpaiytsh;g;Nghk; ; mjid Mf;fj;jpw;Nf gad;gLj;JNthk;.

- - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - -,ay; - 8,ay; - 8,ay; - 8,ay; - 8,ay; - 8

ehd; tpUk;Gk; ftpQh; - ghujpjhrd;ehd; tpUk;Gk; ftpQh; - ghujpjhrd;ehd; tpUk;Gk; ftpQh; - ghujpjhrd;ehd; tpUk;Gk; ftpQh; - ghujpjhrd;ehd; tpUk;Gk; ftpQh; - ghujpjhrd;fUj;Jr; rl;lfk;fUj;Jr; rl;lfk;fUj;Jr; rl;lfk;fUj;Jr; rl;lfk;fUj;Jr; rl;lfk;

* Kd;Diu* nghUSiu gpwg;Gk; tsh;g;Gk;

ghujpAld; ghujpjhrd;jkpohpd; Fuy;ghNte;jhpd; gilg;Gfs;.

Kd;Diu :‘vq;fs; tho;Tk; vq;fs; tsKk;kq;fhj jkpnod;W rq;Nf Koq;F”

vd ftpij Kof;fkpl;lth; ghNte;jh; ghujpjhrd;. tPo;e;J fple;j jkpofj;ij vOr;rp nfhs;sr;nr;aj ngUq;ftpQh; mth;. jkpo;j; Njrpag; ngUikapidj; juzpnaq;Fk; jk; ghf;fshy; vLj;Jf;nrhd;d ngUikf;Fhpath; mth;. mthpd; rpwg;gpid ,f;fl;Liuapy; fhz;Nghkhf !

gpwg;Gk; tsh;g;Gk; :GJr;Nrhp khepyj;jpy; fdfrig - ,yf;Fkp ,izaUf;F <L,izaw;w Gjy;tuha;

29-4-1891 ,y; mtjhpj;jhh;. Gul;rpf; ftpQh; ghujpjhrd;. ,tuJ ,aw;ngah; fdf. Rg;Guj;jpdk;vd;gjhFk;. GJitapy; gpnuQ;Rg; nkhopg; gs;spapy; Jtf;ff;fy;tp gapd;whh;. jkpopy; Mh;tk; kpFe;J,Ue;jjhy;> gjpdhwhk; mfitapy; jkpo;f;fy;Y}hpapy; Nrh;e;J> jkpo;g;Gyth; Njh;tpy; ntw;wp ngw;whh;.gpwF> jkpohrphpahuhf ePz;l neLq;fhyk; gzp nra;J> jkpOf;Fj; njhz;L nra;jhh;.

ghujpAld; ghujpjhrd; :kfhftp ghujpahh; Rkhh; gj;jhz;L fhyk; GJr;Nrhpapy; te;J jq;fpapUe;jhh;. ghujpahUk;

ghujpjhrDk; xU jpUkz tpohtpy; re;jpj;Jf; nfhz;ldh;. md;W Kjy; cs;sd;ghy; ,izgphpahjth;fshf khwpdh;. ghujpjhrdpd; ftpg;ngUikia czh;e;j ghujpahh;> ‘Rg;Guj;jpdNkhh;ftp” vd;W jkpo;$Wk; ey;Yyfpw;F mwpKfk; nra;J itj;jhh;. ghujpahhpd; kPJ nfhz;l gw;wpd;fhuzkhfj; jk; ngaiug; ghujpjhrd; vd khw;wpf; nfhz;lhh;. fdf. Rg;Guj;jpdk;.

jkpohpd; Fuy; :‘vq;Fk; jkpo; ; vjpYk; jkpo;” vd;gNj ghNte;jhpd; nfhs;if Kof;fkhf ,Ue;jJ.



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‘jkpoh;fspd; vy;yhj; JiwfspYk; rpwe;J tpsq;f Ntz;Lk;. jkpohpd; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;FKl;Lf;fl;il NghLk; %l ek;gpf;iffs; xopf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. jkpohpd; vOr;rpNa jkpopdj;jpd;vOr;rp vd;Wk; kq;fhj jkpo; czh;Nt jkpohpd; tsh;r;rp vd;Dk; rPhpa fUj;JfNs mth; Fuypd;mbehjkhf ,Ue;jJ. mJkl;Lky;yhky;> jkpo; kz;izj; jkpoNu Ms Ntz;Lk; vd;fpw czh;Tj;jhfKk; mthplk; NkNyhq;fp ,Ue;J.

‘jkpoha;e;j jkpod;jhd; jkpo;ehl;by;Kjyikr;ruha; tUjy; Ntz;Lk;”

ghNte;jhpd; gilg;Gfs; :ghujpjhrd; ftpijfs;> FLk;g tpsf;F> ,Uz;l tPL> ghz;bad; ghpR> ,iraKJ> mofpd;

rphpg;G> FwpQ;rpj; jpul;L> jkpor;rpapd; fj;jp> jkpopaf;fk; Nghd;wit ghNte;jh; gilj;jdpj;j ftpijE}y;fs; MFk;. ,uzpad; my;yJ ,izaw;w tPud;> gprpuhe;ijahh; Nghd;w ehlf ,yf;fpaq;fSk;mtuhy; gilf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. nghpahUld; Vw;gl;l njhlh;gpdhy; mtuJ ftpij Kof;fk;Gul;rpNahLk; gFj;jwpNthLk; kpsph;e;jJ.

KbTiu :‘jkpOf;F mKnjd;W Ngh; ! me;jj;jkpo; ,d;gj; jkpo;vq;fs; capUf;F Neh;!”

vd;W jkpopd; ngUikia thdshtpa cauj;jpw;Ff; nfhz;L nrd;wth; ghNte;jh; ghujpjhrd;Mthh;. jkpopdj;jpd; kWkyh;r;rpf;fhf cioj;j ghNte;jhpd; njhz;bid epidT $h;e;J> ehKk;jkpo;g;gw;NwhL tho;Nthkhf!.

- - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - -kioePh ; Nrkpg;GkioePh ; Nrkpg;GkioePh ; Nrkpg;GkioePh ; Nrkpg;GkioePh ; Nrkpg;G

Kd;Diu :nja;tg;Gyth;> ‘ePhpd;wp mikahJ cyF” vd;whh;. rpyg;gjpfhuk; je;j ,sq;Nfhtbfs;>

‘khkio Nghw;WJk; vd;whh;. ,t;thW ePhpd; ,d;wpaikahikiaAk;> ePh; jUfpd;w kioapd;rpwg;gpidAk; jkpo;g; Gyth;fs; fhye;NjhWk; Nghw;wp te;Js;sdh;.

jz;zPhpd; ,d;wpaikahik :FbePh; ,y;iynad;why; FbapUg;Gk; ,y;iy. ePhpy;yhj NghJjhd; ,d;dYk; ,lk;ngah;jYk;

epfo;fpd;wd. jtpf;fpw kf;fSf;F kpfTk; Njitg;gLtJ jz;zPNu ‘jhapw; rpwe;jnjhU NfhapYk;,y;iy“ vd;gJNghyj; jz;zPhpYk; rpwe;jnjhU caph;f;fhg;Gk; ,y;iy vdyhk;.

Nrkpf;Fk; Kiw :gaphpLk; Kiwfis khw;wpAk;> ghrd topKiwfis khw;wpAk;> ePiug; gad;gLj;Jfpd;w

Kiwapid khw;wpAk; nghpa mstpy; ePiur; Nrkpf;fyhk;. Vhp> Fsq;fis Vw;wKiwapy; ghJfhj;JePh;topfis milf;fhky;> gutyhfg; nga;fpd;w kioePh; KOtJk; ePh;epiyfis te;jila Mtznra;a Ntz;Lk;. tPLfspy; kioePiur; Nrkpg;gjw;Fj; Nrkpg;Gj; njhl;bfis mikj;J tPl;ilr;Rw;wpAs;s gFjpfis nkOfpa jskhf khw;whky;> kzw;ghq;fhfNth> ,ay;ghd epyg;gug;ghfNthtpl;LtpLjy; Ntz;Lk;.

gad;fs; :nga;j kio ePiuj; jFjpahd topfspy; Njf;fp itj;Jg; ghJfhg;gjhy; ePh;tsj;ijg;

ngUf;fyhk;. ‘,d;iwa Nrkpg;G ehisa Njit” vd;gjw;Nfw;g gUt kioahdJ nga;ahJngha;f;Fk; NghJ> Vw;gLfpd;w jz;zPh;j; jl;Lg;ghl;ilAk;> jiytphpj;jhLfpd;w gQ;rj;ijAk; kioePh;Nrfhpg;ghy; <Lfl;l ,aYk;.

KbTiu:ek; ghuj ehL gok; ngUk; ehL. ,e;ehl;by; thOk; ehk; tpz;zpd; kioj;Jsp kz;zpd;

caph;j;Jsp vd;gij czh;e;J> xt;nthUtUk; muRld; Nrh;e;J kioePh; Nrkpg;gpy; <Lgl;lhy; ehLeyk; ngWk;. ey;y tsk; ngWk;.

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48

fhyj;ij nty;Yk; fzpdpfhyj;ij nty;Yk; fzpdpfhyj;ij nty;Yk; fzpdpfhyj;ij nty;Yk; fzpdpfhyj;ij nty;Yk; fzpdpKd;Diu:

mwptpaypd; mw;Gjg;gilg;ghd fzpdp ,d;W kdpj %isiaAk; tpQ;rp tpl;lJ. fz;,d;wpaikahj Xh; cWg;G vd;Nghk;. fzpdp fz;zpDk; Nkyhfr; nray;gLfpwJ.

Njhw;wk;:fzpdpapd; Kd;Ndhb vdg;gLtJ mNgf;]; vdg;gLk; rPdh;fspd; mwptpay; rhjdkhFk;.

kpd;dZf; fzpdpia lhf;lh; Myd; vk; ^hpq;> 1824 Mk; Mz;L fz;Lgpbj;jhh;. `hh;th;Lgy;fiyfofg; Nguhrphpah; lhf;lh; N`htd;l; jw;Nghija fzpdpia>1944 Mk; Mz;L gpbj;jhh;;.Mdhy; #g;gh; fzpdpia> 1976 Mk; Mz;L mnkhpf;fuhd thdNlr]; cUtikj;jhh;.

fzpdpapd; mw;Gjk;:mwptpay;> fzpjk;> kUj;Jtk;> tzpftpay; vd midj;Jj; JiwfspYk; gad;gLk; epiy

fzpdpf;F cs;sJ. E}W kpy;ypad; fzf;Ffisr; rhpghh;f;Fk; mstpw;Ff; fzpdp tsh;e;Js;sJ.khw;w ,ayhj ehopif> epkplk;> kzp> ehs;> thuk;> tUlk; ,tw;iwnay;yhk; jd;Ds; mlf;fp>,t;TyifNa iff;nfhs;Sk; jpwd; fzpdpf;F cz;L.

fzf;fpl ,ayhjtw;iwAk; fzf;fpLk; fzpdp> VTfizfisAk;> nraw;iff;Nfhs;fisAk; Xhplj;jpy; ,Ue;jgbNa fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; jpwd; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

fzpdpapd; rpwg;gwpe;J ‘jkpof muR> jkpo; ,izaf; fofk;” xd;ia cUthf;fpAs;sJ.jkpo; nkhopia mwpe;J nfhs;s Nuhkid];L vd;w tpirg;gyir cz;lhf;fpAs;sJ.

KbTiu:midj;Jg; gs;spfspYk; fzpdpf; fy;tp jukhff; fw;gpf;fg;gLfpwJ. fzpdp kdpj

tho;f;ifapd; caph;ehbahfp tpl;lJ. fzpdpia Mf;f NtiyfSf;Fg; gad;gLj;jp> tho;f;ifiatsKilajhf;FNthk;.

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Rw;Wr;#oy; ghJfhg;GRw;Wr;#oy; ghJfhg;GRw;Wr;#oy; ghJfhg;GRw;Wr;#oy; ghJfhg;GRw;Wr;#oy; ghJfhg;GKd;Diu :

‘Rj;jk; Rfk; jUk;”> ‘Rj;jk; NrhW NghLk;” vd;Dk; gonkhopfs; J}a;ikapd; Nkd;ikiatpsf;Ftd MFk;. ehk; thOk; tPL> njU> efuk;> ehL Mfpatw;iwj; J}a;ikahf itj;Jf; nfhs;tJ‘Rw;Wg;Gwr; #oy; ghJfhg;G” vdg;gLk;.

J}a;ik nfLf;Fk; khRf;fs; :Fg;igfSk;> rhf;filfSk; epiwe;jhy; ePUk; nfLk;> NehAk; ek;kplk; Fbnfhs;Sk;.

Miyfs; ntspNaw;Wk; fopTfSk;> fopTePUk; epyj;ijAk;> ePiuAk;> fhw;iwAk; nfLj;J tpLfpd;wd.,aw;ifr; #o;epiy khwp> rkepiynfl;L> cyNf mopAk; epiyAk; cUthFk;. ,j;jifa khRfs;ek; tho;f;ifia mdypilg; GONghy Jau Kilajhf;fp tpLfpd;wd.

J}a;ikf;F topfs;:Fg;igfisf; Fopapy; nfhl;b vUthf;fyhk; vhpj;Jk; tplyhk;. rhf;fil ePiur; nrb

nfhbfSf;Fk; nrYj;jpg ; gadilayhk;. Miyf; fopTfs; mq;NfNa J}a;ikg;gLj;jpntspNaw;wg;gl;l Ntz;Lk;. mjdhy; <> nfhR Kjypa er;Raph;fs; Njhd;Wtijj; jLf;fyhk;.Miyfs; ff;Fk; er;Rg;Giffisf; fl;Lg;gLj;jyhk; J}a;ikg;gLj;jyhk;> midtUf;Fk; Rw;Wr;#oy;ghJfhg;G tpjpfisf; fl;lhak; gpd;gw;wp elf;FkhW muR fz;bg;Gr; nra;a Ntz;Lk;.

KbTiu :ek;ik Nehapy; tPohky; fhg;gJ J}a;ik> J}a;ikf;Fr; Rw;Wg; Gwj;ijg; ghJfhj;jpl Ntz;Lk;.

J}a;ik ,iwtDf;F <lhFk;. ‘Nehaw;w tho;Nt Fiwtw;w nry;tk;” vd;gJ gonkhop. vdNt> ek;cs;sj;ijj; J}a;ikahf itj;Jf; nfhz;L> ek; cliy> tPl;il> njUit> ehl;il> Rw;Wg;Gwr;#oiyj; J}a;ikahfg; ghJfhg;Nghk;. ek; capUk; cs;sKk; eyKld; jpfog; ghLgLNthkhf.!

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Ts°d Lp®j Õû\

10Bm YÏl×

Mq;fpyk;

gapw;rpf; fl;lfk;



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MINIMUM LEVEL STUDY MATERIAL 2014 – 2015Standard X

ENGLISH I PAPERMARKS : 100 w TIME : 2.30 HRS.

SECTION - I (VOCABULARY 20)PART – I

1) Synonyms 5 marks2) Antonyms 5 marks

PART II ( any 10 )10 x 1 = 10

3) Abbreviations4) Homophones5) American English6) Compound Words7) Giving Plurals8) Prefix & Suffix9) Phrasal Verbs10) Syllabification11) Identify the correct word12) Make sentence13) Noun \ Verb forms14) Find out sentence that conveys the correct meaning

Section II (Grammar)10 x 1 = 10

15. If clause – fill up16. Sentence Pattern17. Question tag18. Degrees of comparison19. Find the sentence that conveys the same meaning20. Supplying suitable phrase21. Infinitive or Gerund22. Prepositional phrase23. Articles24. Prepositions

PART - II5 x 2 = 10

Transformation25. Combine the sentences26. Active Voice, Passive voice27. Direct & Indirect speech28. Combining Sentences using ‘if’



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29. Degrees of ComparisonPART - III

1 x 5 = 530. Punctuation

Section III ( Prose 15 Marks)Part I ( 31 to 37) Book Questions ( 5\7) 5 x 2 = 10Part II 38 ( any one) Paragraph (1\3) 1 x 5 = 5

Section IV ( Poetry : 20 Marks)Part I 39 ( any one) Memory Poem ( 1\2) 1 x 5 = 5Part II ( 40 to 43) Poem comprehension 5 x 1 = 5Part III ( 44 to 48) Appreciation Question 5 x 1 = 5Part IV 49 ( any one ) Paragraph ( 1\3) 1 x 5 = 5

Section V ( Language Functions : 20 Marks)50. Comprehension 5 x 2 = 1051. Error Spotting 5 x 1 = 552. Picture Comprehension 5 x 1 = 5

SECTION – AVOCABULARY (20 MARKS)

1. SYNONYMSUNIT - 1

Accomplishment - achievement, ability, skillPopular - famous, well knownForlorn - forsaken, lonelyRare - uncommonPiteous - sad, sorrow

UNIT - 2Mastered - learntCaptured - arrestedProfound - deep, intense feelingIrreverent - not respectableFigure out - make out, calculate, understand

UNIT - 3Earnestness - seriousnessReverent - respectfulInvidious - unjustExacting - challenging, demandingUnsophisticated - simple, natural

UNIT - 4 Soaring - rising, increasing



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Jostled - quarelledPanic – fearPursuit – chaseTriumphantly - victoriously

UNIT - 5Diligence – steady effort, hard workBrutality – crueltyDenied _ refused

UNIT - 6Fascinating – interestingDisappears - vanishesSeldom – rarely

UNIT - 7Renovated - repairedStaunch – steadfastEradicate – wipe outMarvel - wonder

2.ANTONYMSUNIT – 1

Piteous x joyousRare x commonCaptured x releasedHonour x dishonourPopular x unpopular

UNIT – 2Irreverent x reverent, respectfulAncient x modernFortunate x unfortunateMiserable x joyful, happyRemember x forget

UNIT – 3Indispensable X dispensable, avoidablePrivileged X deprivedCertain X uncertain, indefiniteInvidious X just, fairEssential X unimportant

UNIT – 4Panic X calm, braveDirty x CleanRumour X fact



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Narrow X wide, broadWorse X better

UNIT – 5Tragedy X comedyHarsh X gentleBrutality X humanity, humanness, kindnessInvisible X visiblePositive X negative

UNIT – 6.Several X fewFascinating X boringSeldom X oftenBrave X timidDead X alive

UNIT – 7Glory X shameImmense X small, lessRespect X disrespectDivine X mortalDifference X similarity

3.ABBREVIATION:

CCTV – Closed Circuit TelevisionRRB – Railway Recruitment BoardRAM – Random Access MemoryISRO – Indian Space Research OrganisationBPO – Business Process OutsourcingTANSI – Tamilnadu Small Scale IndustriesCAT – Common aptitude TestILO – International Labour OrganisationPS – Post Script, Personal secretarySBI – State Bank of IndiaAIR – All India RadioLAN – Local Area NetworkTAFE – Tractor and Farm EquipmentPA – Personal AssistantROM – Read Only MemoryUFO – Unidentified Flying ObjectCA – Chartered AccountantUAE – United Arab Emirates



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NGO – Non Governmental OrganisationSSC – Staff Selection commissionSAT – Scholastic Aptitude TestTRB – Teacher Recruitment BoardTET – Teacher Eligibility TestSSLC – Secondary School Leaving Certificate

4. HOMOPHONES

1. We will set sail for Japan next week. ( sale \ sail)2. We can’t hear your voice. ( hear \ here)3. Do you know the answer? No, I don’t ( no \ know)4. Rama wants to buy a flat by selling his house. ( buy \ by)5. The colour of your hair is the same as that of the hare. ( hare \ hair)6. Our day on earth is measured by the hour ( hour \ our)7. Children crept in through a hole in the wall ( hole \ whole)8. None of them finished the work (none \ nun)

5. AMERICAN ENGLISH

Lift – elevatorTap – faucetJam – jellyDustbin – trash can / garbage canPostbox – mailboxFellow – guyBiscuits – CookiesJug – PitcherWashbasin – sinkTrumpet – hornChips – French friesCot – CribGoods train – Freight trainStorm – TempestBricks – tin roofShop assistant – Sales clerkInterval – intermissionStable – barnTorch – FlashlightZed – ZeeColour – colorCentre – center



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Programme – programCheque – checkRealise – realizeTyre – tireQueue – lineFlat – apartmentCorn – grain

6. COMPOUND WORDSWORD + WORD = COMPOUND WORD

Car + park = CarparkAir + port = AirportHand + written = HandwrittenOver + load = OverloadChild + hood = childhoodSafe + guard = SafeguardMoon + light = MoonlightRiver + bed = riverbedType + write = TypewriteLand + mark = LandmarkBreak + fast = BreakfastSea + food = SeafoodStar + light = StarlightFast + food = FastfoodDay + break = DaybreakOut + sourcing = outsourcingWhite + wash = whitewashWalking + stick = WalkingstickGentle + man = gentlemanHead + master = headmaster

7. PLURALSSingular – pluralFocus - fociMedium - mediaCriterion – criteriaAnalysis – analysesFormula – formulaeMan – menOx - oxenChild – children



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Mouse - miceTooth – teethGoose - geeseFoot – feetSister-in-law – sisters-in-lawFurniture – furnitureDeer – deerSheep – sheepScenery - sceneryScissors – scissorsTrousers – trousers

8. PREFIX 8. SUFFIXMistaken colourfulInvisible BrightnessIllegal DangerousDisobey Narrate(e)ionUltraviolet PerformanceMultinational CraftsmanshipUnclear MetallicUnquenchable SecretiveUnfair enorm(ous)ityIgnoble needfulCo-operate AnnouncementIndirect dangerousIrreverent quenchableNonsense fearsomeEmpower nationalInterlock exceptionalHyperactive directorOverlap visibilityTransform examinationSubstandard peacefulImpossible imagination

9. PHRASAL VERBS 10. SYLLABIFICATIONSearch - look up mo-nu-mentTolerate - put up with du-tiesFriendly relationship – get on per-ma-nentDiscard – throw out pro-per-lyStop/abandon - give up mu-sic



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Yield – give in queuePostponed - put off gui-ta-ristContinue to resist – stand out en-ter-tain-mentReturn – get back in-ter-nalKeep away - stand off pro-fileSupport - back up a-boutUnderstand - make out beau-ti-fulDie - pass away as-tro-no-myWear - put on ex-tra-va-gan-zaStart a journey - set off/set out peo-pleVisit - call on bare-lyWait - hold on fa-na-ticWrite - take down phil-har-mo-nicExtinguish - putout pri-so-ners

CHOOSING APPROPRIATE WORD Q.NO.111. He likes to watch his favourite TV serial. (see/watch)2. Raja will receive a letter next week (get/receive)3. Cherrapunji suffers from water shortage because the people waste rain water. ( save/waste)4. During the Holi festival, my cousin spattered the colour powder on me. ( shriek / spattered)5. Kannan has completed his home work (fulfilled / completed)6. As the car passed, it spattered the rain water. ( shook/spattered)7. They provide clean drinking water for the party. ( prepare/ provide)8. People welcome the monsoon. ( welcome/ envy)

Q.NO.12 SENTENCE CONSTRUCTION1) (a) Earnest – His request for leave is earnest

(b) Earnestly – He did his work earnestly(c) Earnestness – He should work with earnestness.

2) (a) angry – He is angry.(b) anger – Anger is a vice.(c) angrily - He shouted angrily

3) (a) Kind – He is a kind man.(b) Kindly – Kindly, grant me leave today.(c) Kindness – Kindness is a virtue.

4) (a) life – My life is a blessing.(b) live – I live in Chennai.(c) lively - The picture is lively.

5) (a) popular – Cricket is a popular game.(b) Popularly – Gandhiji is popularly known as Mahatma.(c) Popularity – He likes popularityI know the word ______________ .



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Q.NO.13 REFRAMING SENTENCES :( NOUN, VERBS, ADVERB, ADJECTIVE)

1) The teacher gave a definition of the formula through an illustration ( Noun)Ans: The teacher defined the formula through an illustration ( Verb)

2) The construction of the building has been done well. (Noun)Ans: They have constructed the building well (Verb)

3) Your performance was graceful. (Noun)Ans: You performed gracefully. (Verb)

Noun Verb Adverb Adjective1 Examination Examine -2 Acceptance Accept -3 Honesty - Honestly Honest4 Goodness - - Good5 Decision Decide - -6 Grace - Gracefully Graceful7 Punishment Punish - -8 Approval Approve - -9 Renewal Renew - -

Q.NO.14. SENTENCE RECOGNITION:(I) Which of the two sentences given below conveys the following meaning:1) They did not succeed in any other subject

(a) These are the only students successful in the Mathematics test(b) These are the students successful only in the Mathematics test. Ans: (b)

2) Majority of the students passed in their Maths paper.(a) Very few students failed in their Maths paper.(b) Very few students passed in their Maths paper. Ans: (a)

3) He never listens to me.(a) He hardly listens to me. (b) He seldom listens to me. Ans: (c)

4) He did not win in any other contest.(a) He has won only in this contest.(b) He is the only one to win this contest. Ans: (a)

5) Shakespeare knew neither Latin nor Greek(a) Shakespeare did not know Latin. He did not know Greek.(b) Shakespeare Knew both latin and Greek. Ans: (a)

6) Anyone can easily learn English.(a) No one can easily learn English.(b) Everyone can easily learn English. Ans: (b)

7) Prakash never comes to school on time.(a) Prakash usually comes to school on time.



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(b) Prakash always comes late to School. Ans: (b)8) We will always remember those happy days.

(a) Will we forever remember those happy days?(b) Will we ever forget those happy days? Ans: (b)

SECTION IIGRAMMAR – PART – I

If clauseSimple present – is/are/v+s → will / canPast tense - ed-was/were → would / couldPast perfect - have / had → would have / could haveImprobable condition - were → would

1. If Naveen is late_________________(a) He would be punished(b) He will be punished(c) He would have been punishedAns: He will b e punished

2) If you called me _______________(a) I would have come (b) I would come (c) I will comeAns: (b)

3) If the driver had been alert _______________(a) The accident can be avoided(b) The accident could be avoided(c) The accident could have been avoidedAns: (c)

4) If he were patient _________________(a) He would have won the argument(b) He will win the argument(c) He would win the argument.Ans: (c)

Sentence Pattern:Subject (s) - ahh;? vJ? (bra;jJ)

Verb (v) - vd;d ? (bray;)

Object (o) - ahiu? vd;d?

Indirect object - ahiu/ ahUf;F (me, us, him, her, them)Direct object - vd;d? (bghUs;)

1. Reading made him a complete man.a) SVOC b) SVIODO c) SVOA Ans: a) SVOC

2. He answered my question instantlya) SVOA b) SVCA c) SVIODO Ans: a) SVOA



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3. She came earlya) SVC b) SVO c) SVA Ans: c) SVA

4. His father gave him his school baga) SVC b) SVOC c) SVIODO Ans: c) SVIODO

5. He is a doctora) SVO b) SVC c) SVA Ans:b) SVC

Question tag:Positive sentence → Negative tagNegative sentence → Positive tagVerb – y; S nrh;e;jpUe;jhy; dosen’t njh;t[ bra;f.

Verb y; – ed nrh;e;jpUe;jhy; didn’t njh;t[ bra;f.

Commands like come, go, clean, will take “will you”?Let us - shall we?

1. The Flag has four colours on it _________?a) Isn’t it? b) hasn’t it? c) has it Ans: hasn’t it?

2. Let us go to Ooty________?a) do we b) can we c) shall we Ans: shall we?

3. He never comes late__________?a) is he? b) will he? c) does he? Ans: does he?

4. We need not come tomorrow _________?a) Should we b) need we c) needn’t we Ans: need we?

Degrees of Comparison:1. If the sentence starts with No other / very few choose so / as …………as from the option2. If the word than – ‘er’ s seen ‘more’ should be selected.3. Most / - est → superlative degree4. Plural s - y; Koa[k; thh;j;ij → than many/ most other / one of the ________.

1. No other girl in the class is ______________ Kamala.a) So clever as b) more clever as c) most clever as Ans: So clever as

2. Sam is _________ any other boy in the classa) as tall as b) taller than c) the tallest Ans: taller than

3. African elephant is the _______land mammal.a) Biggest b) bigger c) big Ans: biggest

4. The Ganges is one of the _________ rivers.a) As long as b) longer than c) longest Ans: longest.

Choose the correct verb form:1) Like, dislike, hates, enjoy, about on. Ed + verb → choose Gerund form2) Agreed, decided, too, let → infinitive



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A) Geetha agreed __________ me a computera) Buy b) buying c) to buy Ans: to buy

B) I dream about _________ a big house. a) To build b) building c) build Ans: building

C) I enjoy _________ stories for children.a) Writing b) t write c) write Ans: writing

Articles:1. Every child jumps with joy at the sight of _________ elephant

i) a ii) an iii) the [Ans: an]2. He holds ________MA degree in history.

i) a ii) an iii) the [Ans: an]3. The mobile phone is _________ utility item.

i) A ii) an iii) the [Ans: a]

Prepositions:1. They selected me for the job only __________ merit

a) On b) in c) along [Ans:on]2. I agree ___________ your proposal.

a) To b) with c) for [Ans: with]3. I am worried ___________ his health.

a) With b) about c) for [Ans: about]

Degrees of comparison:Write in a single sentence using any one of the degrees of comparison.

1) a) Radhika is - 5 feet tall2) b) Raj is - 5.2 feet tall3) c) sharma is - 6.5 feet tall4) d) Ashwin is - 5.5 feet tall

Ans: Sharma is the tallest of all in Radhika’s family.

Punctuation:Use capital letters

a. to begin a sentenceb. to begin all proper nounsc. to write the pronoun “I”d. to all nouns and pronouns which indicate God eg: The Lord

1. Yes that’s right he said i bought your mum a piano“Yes, that’s right”, he said. “ I bought your mum a piano.”

2. guess hes your dog now shelly she said one day“Guess he’s your dog now, Shelly,” she said one day.

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SECTION III PROSEUNIT – 1.

1. What was Hughie’s financial status?Hughie’s financial status was poor.

2. What was the condition laid down by the Colonel to allow Hughie’s engagement to Laura?Hughie should earn ten thousand pounds.

3. Why was Hughie upset?Hughie was upset because he could not fulfil the Colonel’s condition.

4. What made old man look a typical beggar?The old man’s wizened body, wrinkled face and piteous expression made him look a typical beggar.

5. Why is the model’s face his fortune?The model shows his face as a model for money.

6. How many shillings make a pound?Twenty shillings make a pound.

7. Differentiate - Millionaire Model and Model MillionaireMillionaire Model – A rich man who acted as a model.Model Millionaire - a rich man who is a role-model for all.

8. Why did Hughie wish to apologise to the Baron?Hughie had mistaken Baron, for a beggar. Hence he wished to apologise to the Baron.

9. What was beggar’s true identity?The beggar was Baron Hausberg, one of the richest men in Europe.

UNIT - 21. What was the author’s choice of career? How was this against his parent’s wish?

Ans: The author’s choice was music. But his parent’s choices were doctor or a Scientist or an engineer.2. What is the significance of art?

Ans: Art is an essential part of life. It gives meaning to our life.3. How did Messiaen spend his time in prison?

Ans: Messiaen spent his time in prison by writing a music composition.4. What happened on sep 11, 2001?

Ans: On Sep 11, 2001 terrorists attacked the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center.5. What can artistes do to save the Planet?

Ans: Artistes can bring wellness to the planet.6. How music is different from astronomy?

Ans: Astronomy is the study of external objects, but music is the study of internal objects.

UNIT – 31. What requires whole – hearted devotion?

Ans: Knowledge requires whole-hearted devotion.2. What is your Primary duty towards yourself?

Ans: Our primary duty towards ourselves is acquiring knowledge.



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3. What is the two fold duty to be acquired by students?Ans: Acquiring knowledge and acquiring a strong character.

4. What according to Gokhale are the two valuable qualities to be practiced by you as students?Ans: 1. Obedience to parents. 2.Reverence for teachers are the two valuable qualities to be practisedby us as students.

5. What is the Precious virtue obtained out of reverence to the teachers?Ans : Discipline is the precious virtue obtained out of reverence to the teachers.

6. What is the habit acquired from school life?Ans: The habit of co-operation is acquired from school life.

7. What should be the student’s attitude towards the government?Ans: The attitude of the students towards the government should be loyal acquiescence.

UNIT - 41. Why should Chaya hurry?

Ans: chaya should hurry to fetch water.2. What is a metropolis?

Ans: Metropolis is a large city.3. What will be the future if the Himalayan glaciers become ice free?

Ans: Our future will be worse.4. What can lead the world to violence?

Ans: Lack of water can lead the world to violence.5. What made chaya triumphantly smile?

Ans: Chaya got water at last. So she smiled triumphantly.6. What was the first meal of the day for Chaya’s children?

Ans: A piece of bread and a few spoonful of lentil stew.

UNIT – 51. Why is the world of domestic workers “invisible’?

Ans: The domestic workers are denied their due rights. So they are “invisible”.2. How should employers with a change in attitude treat this domestic workers?

Ans: 1. They should treat them not as servants’ but “ domestic workers”.3. What are the causes for the increase in domestic workers?

Ans: The increasing number of infrastructure Projects and industries are displacing millions of people.4. How can the Maharashtra Bill help the workers?

Ans: The Maharashtra Bill will change the conditions of work and life of domestic workers.

5. How could you contribute to a better living for your domestic worker and his family?Ans: We must give him good food, salary and less work.



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UNIT - 61. What do birds do every year during autumn and early winter?

Ans: Birds migrate during autumn and early winter.2. Identify the reasons why birds migrate?

Ans: Birds migrate to escape the bitter cold and for food.3. Which is the smallest of all birds?

Ans: The Willow Warbler is the smallest of all.4. How far away are the Himalayan from the Nilgiris?

Ans: The Himalayas is at a distance of 2400 k.m. from the Nilgiris.5. Describe the manner in which birds make their long journey?

Ans: Migrating birds fly at moderate speed.6. Can you suggest some reason as to why birds travel in flocks?

Ans: Birds travel in flocks to save themselves from enemies.7. What are the dangers faced by the migrating birds?

Ans: 1. Sometimes sudden storms arise. 2. Sometimes at night bright light attract and confuse the birds.

8. Describe how ringing is done.Ans: A metal or a plastic band is prepared with all details of the bird. It is placed on the leg ofmigrating bird to find its direction of migration.

UNIT - 71. How old is the Brihadeeswarar Temple? Who built it?

Ans: Brihadeeswarar Temple is 1000 years old. King Raja Raja chola built it.2. List out the specialities of Tanjore.

Ans: 1. Tanjore was the capital of chola. 2. It is also famous for carnatic music, dance.3. What were the Pallava and the Chola era famous for?

Ans: The Pallava and the Chola era were famous for monolithic statues.4. What stands testimony tot the Chola’s opulence?

Ans: The walled fortress inside stands testimony to the Chola’s opulence and vision.5. Who built the palace? By whom was it renovated?

Ans: The Nayaks built the palace. The Marathas renovated it.6. What is the speciality of the Vimanam?

Ans: The Vimanam is built up with stones without any modern machines. The topmost stone weighs 80tons.

7. What were the contributions of the Cholas towards art and culture?Ans: 1. Construction of the Big Temple. 2. Patronage of arts and culture.

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ParagraphProse – 1 The Model Millionaire:

UNIT – 1 Paragraph• Hughie was a good looking young man with no job.• He wanted to marry Laura.• Her father asked him to earn ten thousand pounds.• He could not ful fil it.• One day he met a beggar model and gave him a gold coin.• But the beggar was a millionaire.• He gave Hughie ten thousand pounds as reward.

Prose – 2 Music The Hope RaiserArt is an essential part of life. It gives meaning to our life Messiaen wrote music composition in

jail Terrorists destroyed Twin Towers of America. Nearly 3000 people died on September 11,2001. In the same evening, the Americans sang. “We shall overcome” and “America the Beautiful”.Recovery was done by music. It is a great medicine for broken hearts. Thus art is a part of humanspirit.

A golden PathGokhale considers student hood days a very happy one.But they have some responsibilities.Success depends upon character. The character raises the life of people Students should obey theirparents, respect their teachers and help the needy.Duties of students areDuty to himselfDuty to fellow students.Duty to parents and teachers.Duty to government andDuty to the Wider World.

SECTION – IVPOETRY PART – I

Q.NO. 39 Memory Poems.Out of the four memory poems, minimum the first two should be memorized.

PART – IIIQ.NO. 45 TO 49 Poetic Devices

1. Rhyming words & Rhyming scheme.ftpijapd; xt;bthU thpapYk; ,Wjpahf tUk; thh;j;ijfSs; xnu rg;j xypapy;

xypf;Fk; thh;j;ijfisf; fz;lwpe;J me;j thh;j;ijfis vLj;J vGjt[k;.

If you fill the unforgiving minute.With sixty seconds worth of distance run.Yours is the Earth and everything that’s init.



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And what is more you’ll be a man my son.I) Rhyming words : minute …… it, run …… son.

Rhyme scheme : ab, ab.1. The Rhyming scheme of this poem 1. abcb (poem 1)2. Rhyming scheme of this poem 2 Ans: aa bb (poem 2)3. The Rhyming scheme of this poem Ans: abab (poem 3)

II) AlIiteration:It is the repetition of an initial consonant sound.

bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s thpapy; tUk; thh;j;ijfspd; Kjy; bka;baGj;Jf;fs; (Consonant)xd;whf ,Ue;jhy; Alliteration vd;fpnwhk;.

e.g. “The well was dry beside the door”.In this line we can see that the consonant sound / d / is found alliterated in the words __ ‘dry

and door’. This is an example of alliteration.

III) Simile:Between two fundamentally dissimilar things that have certain qualities in common.It is an open comparison ( usually formed with “like” or“as”.)“nghy” vd xg;gpLtJ like or “as” nghd;w thh;j;ijfSld; te;jhy; mJ Simile vdg;gLk;.

e.g. (i) I weep like a child - The poet compares himself with a child.(ii) “But once within the wood, we paused

Like gnomes that hid us From the moon — the boys are

Compared to gnomes.(iii) Have you noticed how some people May seem plain as plain can be – Figure of speech – simile (poem 1)(iv) I weep like a child for the past – Figure of speech – simile (poem 2)(v) The reddest flower would look as pale as snow – Figure of speech - Simile (poem 5).

4. Metaphor:Metaphor is an implied comparison between two unlike things that actually have something importantin common. “nghy” vd;w thh;j;ij tuhky; cUtfg;gLj;JtJ Metaphor MFk;.

e.g. (i) “The cloud’s my kin”.Here the bird thinks that the cloud is like his kin (relation). It is an implied comparison betweencloud and relations. It is metaphor.(ii) “Steady throb”.It is a metaphor. Here the chiseling sound is described as heart beat.(iii) A mirror of changing moods – Figure of speech – Metaphor (poem 7)

5. Personification:An inanimate object is endowed with human qualities or abilities.



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capuw;witfSf;F capUs;stw;wpd; gz;g[fis Vw;wpr; brhy;tJ - Personification MFk;.

e.g. (i) “The world is gloom and splendor passes by”.The world is here animated as a human being passing by. The world is personified.(ii) “and treat those two imposters just the same”.It is personification. Triumph and disaster are personified as two imposters.(iii) Where an aching generosityIs waiting its time to share – Figure of speech – personification (poem 1)(iv) O ye wheels.Stop ! be silent for today – figure of speech – personification (poem 5)

6. Onomatopoeia:1. The tinkling piano our guide. Figure of speech – onomatopoeia (poem 2)

7. Oxymoron:1. If you can meet with triumph and disaster – Figure of speech – Oxymoron (poem 3)2. Harmonic cacophony – figure of speech – oxymoron (poem 7).

MANLINESSIf you can dream and not make dreams your master;If you can think and not make thoughts your aim;If you can meet with triumph and disaster;And treat those two impostors just the same;If you can force your heart, and nerve, and sinewTo serve your turn long after they are gone;And so hold on when there is nothing in youExcept the will which says to them, “Hold on”.If you can fill the unforgiving minuteWith sixty seconds’ worth of distance run,Yours is the earth and everything that’s in it,And, what is more, you’ll be a man, my son. - Rudyard Kipling.

GOING FOR WATER:We ran as if to meet the moonThat slowly dawned behind the trees,The barren boughs without the leaves,Without the birds, without the breeze.But once within the wood, we pausedLike gnomes that hid us from the moon,Ready to run to hiding newWith laughter when she found us soon.Each laid on other a staying handTo listen ere we dared to look,



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And in the hush we joined to makeWe heard, we knew we heard the brook. - Robert Frost

3. THE CRY OF THE CHILDREN“For oh,” say the children, “We are weary,And we cannot run or leap ___If we cared for any meadows, it were merelyTo drop down in them and sleep.Our knees tremble sorely in the stooping ____We fall upon our faces, trying to go ;And, underneath our heavy eyelids drooping,The reddest flower would look as pale as snow.For, all day, we drag our burden tiring,Through the coal-dark, underground ____Or, all day, we drive the wheels of ironIn the factories, round and round - ELIZABETH BARRETBROWINING

4. THE MIGRANT BIRDThe globe’s my world, The cloud’s my kinI care not where the skies begin;I spread my wings through all the din;Through fears and fright I fly my flight.No walls for me, no vigil gates,No flags, no machine guns that blastCitizens of those border states -__Brothers of her brother’s sons.No maps, no boundaries to blockMy sojourn into unknown lands,I spawn and splash in distant spills,I breed my brood where’r ( where ever) I willI won’t look down, No I will not.With speed of wings I hasten pastAnd close my eyes against the sunTo dream my dreams and make them last. __ - Famida Y. Basheer.

Part – II ( 40 to 43) Poem Comprehension 5 x 1 = 5Poem – 1 : ‘Which’ – refers to GeodePoem – 2: ‘I’ refers to poet (child), ‘singing, - woman, Speaker – poetPoem – 3: ‘You’ refers to young man. Speaker – poet.Poem – 4. ‘We’ refers to children, ‘she’ refers to moon. Speaker – poet and his friend.Poem – 5: ‘We’ refers to children, speaker – child labourers,



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Poem – 6: ‘I’ refers to the migrant bird, Speaker – bird,Poem – 7: ‘He’ refers to shilpi. Speaker – Poet.

Part III (44 to 48). Appreciation Questions 5 x 1 = 51. Appearances can be deceptive,

And to the superficial gazeThe outside looks dull and greyPlain looking in many ways.

a) Give the meaning of deceptive, superficial gaze and dazzlingDeceptive means misleading.Superficial gaze means not looking deeply.Dazzling means brilliant.

b) Why are appearances deceptive?The geode appears dull on the outside.

2. Yes, a warm, glowing inner beautyWill emerge before your eyes,A newly discovered Treasure.For you to cherish, and to prize!

a) Which is called ‘Treasure’ here?Ones beautiful heart is called a treasure here.

b) Why it is said to be newly discovered?Being found out just now, it is said to be newly discovered.

c) Give the meaning of Treasure, cherish and prize.Treasure means a very valuable thing.Cherish means preserve in mind for long.Prize means value something highly.

3. Softly in the dusk, a woman is singing to me,Taking me back down the vista of years, till I see.

a) Who does ‘me’ refer to ?‘Me’ refers to the poet.

b) What the poet is reminded of on hearing the woman’s song?Childhood days.

4. “A child sitting under the piano, in the tingling strings. And pressing the small, poised feet of a motherwho smiles as she sings”.

a) The child mentioned by the poet is ___________The poet himself.

b) Where is the child sitting?The child is sitting under the piano.

5. “Inspite of myself the insidious mastery of song.Betrays me back, fill the heart of me weeps top belong”.



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a) What does “insidious” mean?Spreading gradually

b) Which takes the poet to his childhood days?The mastery of song.

6. If you can meet with triumph and disaster;And treat those two impostors just the same;

a) Who are the two impostors?Triumph and disaster are the two imposters.

b) Why are ‘triumph’ and ‘disaster’ called impostors?Triumph and disaster are not permanent.

7. Now drops that floated on the poolLike pearls, and now a silver blade.

a) By these lines would you say that the poet and his friend saw the brook or heard the brook?Ans: they heard the brook, then they saw the brook.

8. Our knees tremble sorely in the stooping _____We fall upon our faces, trying to go;

a) Why do the children’s knees tremble?They keep on bending while they work for a long time.

9. Or, all day, we drive the wheels of ironIn the factories, round and round.

a) Who does ‘we’ refer to? Child Labourers. ‘We refers to child labourers.

b) What do the children do all day long?They keep on working in the factories.

10. Only bloodshot eyes betrayDeep pride, then reverence.

a) Why are the eyes blood shot?Hard work of the shilpi makes his eyes very red.

b) State the emotion mentioned in these lines.c) The emotion of deep pride and reverence.

Part IIIQuestion No. 44 – 48. (Literary Appreciation) (44 & 45) Rhyming words & Rhyming scheme:

Example:If you can fill the unforgiving minute aWith sixty seconds worth of distance run, bYours is the earth and everything that’s in it’ aAnd, what is more, you’ll be a man, my son. b

44. Rhyming words” minute - it, run-son45. Rhyming scheme: a b a b

1. Appearances can be deceptive, a



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And to the superficial gaze bThe outside looks dull and grey cPlain looking in many ways. b

Rhyming words: gaze, ways.Rhyming scheme: a b c b

2. Have you noticed how some people,May seem plain as plain can be?Yet, if we take time to peer deeper,Then, what gems would we see?

a) Figure of speech? It is a Simile. (plain as plain)b) What gems would we see? Figure of speech is Metaphor.

3. Where an aching generosityIs waiting its time to share?Figure of speech is Personification.

4. The globe’s my world, The cloud’s my kinI care not where the skies begin;I spread my wings through all the din;Through fears and fright I fly my flight.Pick out the rhyming words in these lines.)

5. If you can dream and not make dreams your master;If you can think and not make thoughts your aim;If you can meet with triumph and disaster;And threat those two impostors just the same;

a) Bring out the rhyme scheme used in these linesThe rhyming scheme is ‘a b a b’

6. If you can fill the unforgiving minuteWith sixty seconds’ worth of distance run,Yours is the earth and everything that’s in itAnd, what is more, you’ll be a man, my son.

a) Bring out the rhyme scheme used in these lines.The rhyming scheme is ‘a b a b’

46. Alliteration:Example:”But once within the wood, we paused”Ans: ‘Within’, ‘wood’ and ‘we’

1. The barren boughs without the leaves,Without the birds, without the breeze.

a) Write the words which are in Alliteration in these lines.Barren, boughs, birds, breeze are alliterated.

2. But once within the wood, we pausedLike gnomes that hid us from the moon



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a) Identify the words which make this sentence an example of Alliteration.With, wood and we are alliterated.

3. I Spawn and splash in distant spills,a) Pick out the words in alliteration. I Spawn, and splash in distant spills, splash and spills are alliterated.Poetic device ExamplesSimile Such as gold;,…..weep like a child; ,…like gnomes; ,…like pearls;

..as if to meet the moon;,..as pale as snowMetaphor ..flood of remembrance ; ,.. coal darkPersonification ..Piano our guide, .make dreams your master;, ..two impostors;

..when she find us soon; - ..Oh ye, wheels stop;

..the globe’s my world * cloud is my kin * Virgin rockOnomatoepia ..Tingling boom,. Burst, splashOxymoron *Harmonic cacophony

Part IV ( a or b or c) Paragraph (1/3) 1 x 5 = 5Poem-1. BEAUTIFUL INSIDE

Inner Beauty means a beautiful heart.Noble men have it.Their appearance doesn’t show their inner beauty.They are deceptive.We should look into them deeply to see their inner beauty.We can see their beautiful heart, it is warm and shiningIt comes out like a treasure.Thus the poet says in “Beautiful Inside”, that inner beauty is more valuable than the outer appearance.

Poem-2. PianoThe poet hears a woman’s song.It reminds him of his childhood days.As a child he was sitting under the piano.He heard the boom of strings.In Sunday evenings, he and his mother sang hymns.He remembered his joyful childhood days.He weeps for the past.

Poem-3. Manliness.The poet speaks about the qualities of manliness.Action is more important than dreams.Success and defeat are impostors.We should learn good lessons from that.We should not give up.



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Then only the world is ours.

Section – V (Language Functions) 20 MarksV. A. Read the passage given below and answer the questions given below:- 5 x 2 = 10

Model : 1‘Brain Drain’ means migration of highly trained manpower from one country to another. Through

migration and brain drain, tons of morale and creativity exists among those who still stay in India.This produces a great national loss which can’t be calculated in terms of money.

A UN report reveals that a brain drain of highly – skilled professionals to well paid jobs in thefirst world costs Asia billions of dollars each year. These emigrants often achieve impressiveprofessional and economic success abroad for example in 1998, Indian engineers were runningmore than 775 technology companies in California’s Silicon valley that accounted for $ 3.6billion in sales and 16,600 jobs. But the connections between these Non Resident Indians(NRIS) and their home country rarely extended beyond holiday visits.

Questions:1. The word ‘morale’ means

i)Morals ii) discipline iii) simplicity iv) integrity Ans:Discipline2. What is meant by ‘brain drain’?

Ans: ‘Brain drain’ means migration of highly trained manpower from one countryto another.

3. Enumerate the loss faced by India due to brain drain?Ans: Due to brain drain, loss of morale and creativity exists among those who stillstay in India.

4. What is the success achieved by the country that gets the ‘brain gain?Ans: the country that gets the ‘brain gain’ often achieve impressive professional andeconomic success.

5. What is the connection that exists between India and its NRIs?Ans: The connection that exists between India and its NRIs rarely extended beyondtheir holiday visits.

Model: 2Nepoleon always regarded his mother with profound respect and affection. He repeatedly declared

that the family was entirely indebted to her physical, intellectual and moral training which preparedthem to ascend the loftly summits of power to which they finally attained. He was so deeply impressedwith the sense of these obligations that he often said, “My opinion is that the future good or badconduct of a child depends entirely upon its mother. One of his acts on attaining power was tosurround his mother every luxury which wealth could furnish. And when placed at the head ofFrance, he immediately established good schools for female education remarking that France needednothing so much to promote its generation as good mothers.

Questions:a. How did Napoleon regard his mother?

Ans: Napoleon regarded his mother with profound respect and affection.



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b. Why was family indebted to her?Ans: The family was indebted to her for the physical, intellectual and moral trainingwhich prepared them to ascend lofty summits.

c. What did Napoleon do for his mother after attaining power?Ans: After attaining power, he surrounded his mother with every luxury which wealthcould furnish.

d. Why did Napoleon establish Good schools to educate women?Ans: Napoleon remarked that France needed Good mothers. So he established goodschools to educate women.

e. Have women played a vital role in India? Name a few women role models you admire?Ans: Yes. Women like Mother Teresa, Dr. Muthulakshmi, Kiranpedi, Kalpana chawlaand many more have played vital role in Indsia.

SPOT THE ERRORS 5 x 1 = 51. One of the books are torn. Ans: One of the books is torn.2. We have ran a long distance. Ans: We have run a long distance.3. I am absent yesterday. Ans: I was absent yesterday.4. He is good athlete. Ans: He is a good athlete.5. I met an European near my house. Ans: I met a European near my house.6. I prefer milk than tea. Ans: I prefer milk to tea.7. Each of the cycles are damaged. Ans: Each of the cycles is damaged.8. Kala is tallest girl in the class. Ans: Kala is the tallest girl in the class.9. Ten kilometers are a long walk. Ans: Ten kilometers is a long walk.10. One must not boast of his own talents. Ans: One must not boast of one’s own talents.11. I am late by ahour. Ans: I am late by an hour.12. Neither the money nor the jewels were recovered.

Ans: Neither the money nor the jewels was recovered.13. I saw an one rupee coin. Ans: I saw a one rupee coin.14. She is suffering with fever. Ans: She is suffering from fever.15. Stephen drive as rashly a sRafi. Ans: Stephen drives as rashly as Rafi.16. My father is a honest man. Ans: My father is an honest man.17. We bought lot of furnitures. Ans: We bought lot of furniture.18. Do you know which is world’s tallest building?

Ans : Do you know which is the world’s tallest building?19. He asked me where I am going? Ans: He asked me Where I was going.20. The exam will be conducted from 2pm and 5pm.

Ans: The exam will be conducted from 2 pm to 5 pm.



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Look at the picture given below and answer the following questions in one or two sentences ofyour own: (1)

(a) Which place do you think is depicted in this picture?Ans: It is a park.

(b) Whom do you think are the two persons amidst the bushes?Ans: Policemen.

(c) What are they looking at?Ans: They are looking at a man sleeping on the bench.

(d) What are the various objects that you see near the bench?Ans: an umbrella, bread and a drink.

(e) What would be the reason for the man to sleep there at night?Ans: May be to enjoy the cool breeze.

Look at the picture given below and answer the following questions in one or two sentences ofyour own: (2)

a) What do you see in the sky? Ans: Clouds, sun and birds.b) Where is the boy sitting? Ans: The boy is sitting under the tree.c) What is grazing in the field? Ans: Cattle.d) What do you see in the pond? Ans: Lotus flowers and leavese) What is the picture about? Ans: This picture is about a boy enjoying the nature.

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10th English – Study MaterialMINIMUM LEVEL STUDY MATERAL 2014 – 2015

English II PaperMarks: 100 Time : 2.30 hrs.

SECTION - I (Supplementary reading)1. (l – V) Fill up 52. (l – V) Identifying Characters 53. (A-E) Matching 54. (l-V) Multiple Choice 55. (l-V) Comprehension 56. (l-V) Mind map 57. (a/b/c) Paragraph any one 1/3 5

SECTION - II (Language functions)8. Note making & summarizing 5+5=109. Completing dialogue 5

SECTION – III. Communication skills10. Writing dialogue 511. Letter writing 512. Advertisement ½ 5

SECTION – IV (Expansion of ideas)13. (l-V) Expanding headlines 514. Picture comprehension 515. (a or b) Developing Hints 516. (A to E) Matching slogans 517. Road map 518. (i-v) Paraphrasing a poem 519. (a) Translation (or) 5

(b) Describing a Picture

SECTION – A (NON – DETAILED) MARKS:35I Fill in the blanks with the appropriate phrases given below:- 5 x 1 = 51. Kumar watched the migratory birds (i) flying in a Streamlined ‘v’ (ii) and remembered the time when he

had seen Nestlings in Vedanthangal (iii) and his father had told him that the birds had come there tostay only for a short while (iv) and would soon leave the place of their sojourn (v) and return to theirhome in the Arctic.i) for a short while ii) the migratory birdsiii) the place of their sojourn iv) Nestlings in Vedanthangal v) Streamlined ‘v’

2. Hubert, a little boy of fourteen, was once travelling on his horse i) through a lonely road infested withthieves and robbers ii) three hefty men waylaid him, took away his horse and beat him black and blueiii). Hubert limped hoping to get some help iv). Nearby to a palatial mansion v)i) to a palatial mansion ii) travelling on his horse iii) hoping to get some helpiv) thieves and robbers v) black and blue



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3. I can remember like yesterday the day my father came home_ from the war (i). A flying officer duringWorld War II ii) he was dressed in a blue uniform with a skinny, boat-shaped cap iii) planked to soprecariously on the side of his head that I wondered why it never fell off. A neighbour called out,“what’s the weather like up there?” as my giant-like father bounded by, carrying_ a battered brownsuitcase (iv), strapped together with a large leather belt. He was, without question, the tallest man (v)I had ever seen.(i) boat-shaped cap (ii) a battered brown suitcase (iii) the tallest man (iv) during world war II(v) from the war

4. Here at last was (i). For many days and part of many nights, the painter worked feverishly to (ii). As thework went on, a change came (iii). A strange tension replaced (iv) and his bloodshot eyes were fixedwith horror on the painted __________ (v).i. complete his masterpiece ii. likeness of himself iii. over the modeliv. the model for Judas v. the stuporous languorANS1. the model for Judas 2. complete his masterpiece 3. over the model 4. likeness of himself

5. Celine was being (i). she swallowed (ii). She thought she was (iii). But she found that (iv) and that shewas (v) through which she had plunged. ( April-2014)(i) drowning to death (3) (ii) about ten metres from the manhole (5)(iii) swept along under water (1) (iv) mouthful of filthy liquid (2)(v) she could breathe again (4)

6. The painter found no one to serve as a model (i). He was afraid that (ii) would remain unfinished. Butone afternoon, he happened to see in the tavern (iii). The fellow begged (iv). The painter took him to hishouse and gave him wine, food and clothing. The beggar agreed to serve as a model for Judas. But tothe painter’s surprise, he was also the model for (v) many years ago (April – 2013)(i) for wine (4) (ii) a gaunt and tattered figure (3) (iii) Judas Iscariot (1)(iv) the child Jesus (5) (v) his masterpiece (2)

7. Shelly found a blond Labrador with (i). he did not want to call (ii). He went to his room and got his (iii).He nursed the (iv) and then he sat down next to him and patted (v).(i) first Aid Kit (3) (ii) dog’s paw (4) (iii) his head (5) (iv) a hurt paw (1)(v) the dog catcher (2)

II READ THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES AND IDENTIFY THE CHARACTERS FROM THECLUES:- 5 x 1 = 5

UNIT – I1. I couldn’t go outside and play because Mom said I would get sick – Shelly.2. “Gee, what happened to you?” – Shelly3. “What’s your name, huh? – shelly4. “Can I keep him Mom?” – Shelly5. “Guess I’ll call you Godly – since you’re gold” – shelly6. “Thank you” – shelly7. “You’re welcome” – shelly8. “He probably belongs to someone – Mom9. “We need to find his owner: - Mom10. “But if the owner doesn’t show up’ I guess he’s ours – Mom11. “Someone must have trained him” – Mom12. “That means he has a owner” – Mom



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13. “Guess he’s your dog now, Shelly”- Mom14. “thank you shelly” – Diane15. “You can come and visit him anytime you like” – Diane16. “I guess he lost his collar and harness too”. = Diane

UNIT - II17. “What’s the weather like up there?” – Neighbour18. He was the tallest man I have ever seen – Rob Reilly19. “I bought your Mum a piano – Dad20. “Enough is enough” – Dad21. “Well, my baby boy, it’s just as well we got rid of that piano-Mum22. “Yes, that’s right”. – Father23. “Good night Irene. – RobReily’s Mother24. “It’s just as we got rid of that piano”. – Mom25. “A flying officer during World War – II – Father

UNIT - III26. “wine, wine” – model for Judas27. “Do you not then remember me? Years ago I was your model for child Jesus – model for Judas28. “come with me and I will give you wine and food & clothing – Artist / painter29. “My son, I’d like to help you” – Painter / artist30. What troubles you so ?” Painter31. “An old priest told me this story when I was very young.” – Bonnie chamberlain32. “Do you not then remember me?” - Judas

UNIT – IV33. We’ll ring the fire brigade – Louise Martinez34. ‘come on, we’ve got to get out of here now – Serge35. She’s dead – Serge36. It’s all over. All they’ll find is her body later – Serge37. Help, help! – Serge38. Quick! Celine’s been sucked down a drain! I’ve got to go back, I’ve got to get her out” – Serge39. She was being swept along under water helpless and swallowing mouthful of the filthy liquid – Celine40. I’m going to die. I’m drowning. There’s no way I can survive this” – Celine41. I’ve got to try to grab that pipe’ – Celine42. I’ve got to keep myself as high out of the water as I can” – Celine43. “I’ll never see her again” – Celine44. “I’m here! Come and get me out” – Celine45. “I’ve got to do something” – Celine46. “I’m outside! I’m outside! – Celine47. “Have I been down here for five hours? - Celine48. “Ring Serge. Tell him I’m alive. He thinks I’m dead – Celine49. “Where’s the body? – fireman50. “I’m very determined” – Celine51. “Is there someone down there?” – Jack Poderoso



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52. “It’s after 7 pm” – Jack Poderoso53. “Yes, I’m here, I’m here” – Celine54. “What’s the time?” – Celine.

UNIT – V55. “We have lifted off” – Rex Coker56. “Oh yeah” – Rex Coker’s brother57. “Why do you think that?” – Rex Coker’s brother58. “At least we had some quality time together today” – Rex Coker’s brother

UNIT – VI59. Oh, Ma! How I miss you” – Kumar60. “And there’s no place like home, is there?” – Kumar’s father61. ‘Home is where the heart is’ – Kumar

UNIT – VII62. How very strange – Old man63. “More snuff” – Hubert64. Very soon there was a perfect storm of sneezes – thieves

3. MATCH THE FOLLOWING APPROPRIATELY: 5 x 1 = 51. Sam Labrador2. Goldy Sam3. Goldy doesn’t have Collar4. Shelly & Sam played Frisbee and football5.Sam Knew the commands Sit, stay and come6. Goldy’s real name Sam7. Sam was a Guide dog to Diane8. Diane Blind lady9. Diane Owner of Sam10. Diane & Sam Got separated in traffic accident11. Dad was a Flying officer12. Mum felt like Princess13. No job, no money No piano14. Dad II World War15. Dad got a job With an accounting firm16. Dad had to qualify As a chartered accountant17. Artist Mural18. Cathedral Sicilian town19. Mural Life of Jesus20. The model for child Jesus 12 yrs old21. Model for Judas Tattered (45 yrs old)22. Serge Council worker (43 yrs old)23. Jack Poderoso Teacher (45 yrs old)24. Lunel A small town



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25. Celine Wife of Serge (32 yrs old)26. Amandine Celine’s daughter27. Celine Determined person28.Rex Coker’s brother Tinkerer29. DC electric motor 20 bucks (pawn shop)30. Kumar New York31. Kumar’s family India32. Dad hired A telescope33. Kumar Brilliant Engineer34. Hubert 14 year old boy35. thieves Cupboard36. Hubert asked Snuff box

4 CHOOSE THE BEST OPTION 5 x 1 = 51. It was a chilly rainy morning terrible weather for _____________

a) summer b) winter c) autumn d) spring2. The lady got separated from Sam in __________

a) a tsunami b) an earthquake c) a terrorist attack d) a traffic accident3. Shelly went out on the ________________ porch

a) back b) front c) side d) middle4. I found a blonde___________ with a hurt paw.

a) Labrador b) poodle c) Rajapalayam d) pomerian5. There wasn’t____________

a) belt b) dollar c) collar d) chain6. I went to my room and got out my_____________

a) bag b) first aid kit c) lunch box d) pen7. Mom’s first aid kit contains __________

a) iodine, bandages b) dettol, cellotape c) syringe d) petrol8. Shelly called the dog __________

a) Sam b) Gee c) Hubert d) Goldy9. Shelly and Sam played_________________

a) volleyball b) basketball c) cricket d) Frisbee10. Shelly knew the commands like______________

a) sit, stay and come b) sit, stand, walk c) run, catch, follow d) go, follow, walk11. Mom brought home a new_____________ for Goldy to play with

a) ball b) bat c) Chew toy d) doll12. One day a ___________ came to Shelly’s house

a) van b) dog catcher c) car d) Auto13. Sam was a __________ with an important job to do

a) trained working dog b) neighbor of Shelly c) relative of Shelly d) enemy of Shelly14. Dad was a_________________ during World War II

a) executive officer b) engineer c) doctor d) flying officer15. Dad was dressed in _______________ uniform.

a) white b) red c) blue d) green16. Dad bought a ______________for Mom.



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a) Saree b) Watch c) piano d) necklace17. Within a month Mum was______________.

a) belting out a tune b) singing songs c) attending functions d) dancing in the parties18. Dad got a job with ____________.

a) a company b) an accounting firm c) a medical shop d) in the army19. Dad had to study to qualify_______________________.

a) as charted accountant b) bachelor of arts c) master of arts d) as a teacher20. The mural paint by the artist was __________

a) Jesus Christ b) life of Jesus Christ c) life of Judas d) life of Jew21. The model for child Jesus was_____________.

a) 13 yrs old b) 11 yrs old c) 12yrs old d) 14 yrs old22. The model for Judas was a _________________

a) handsome b) tattered figure c) ugly man d) attractive man23. The Cathedral was in _________town.

a) Sicilian b) Italy c) Rome d) Jerusalem24. The young man who approached the artist begged for____________

a) money b) wine c) food d) clothes25. The model was actually______________.

a) the artist’s son b) one who had posed as child Jesusc) angry with the artist d) tortured by the artist

26. The house of Serge was invaded by water for the_________time.a) first b) third c) fourth d) second

27. Serge was a ___________a) teacher b) doctor c) council worker d) servant

28. Amandine was___________ years old.a) eleven b) thirteen c) fourteen d) fifteen

29. Celine was ________ olda) 22 b) 32 c) 42 d) 43

30. His mother was never close to piano except at the _________kindergartena) Jesuit b) catholic c) protestant d) Non-catho

31. Rex Coker’s brother was a _______________.a) tinkerer b) carpenter c) teacher d) scientist

32. His brother had a _______bikea) Hero Honda b) Honda c) cullet d) Schwinn

34. DC electric motor was bought from a ___________ shop.a) electric b) grocery c) pawn d) hardware

35. The signal to start the bicycle was _________a) thumbs up sign b) Whistle c) gun shot d) go

36. Kumar lives in ____________________.a) India b) New York c) Vedanthangal d) London

37. Hubert was______________years old.a) fourteen b) twelve c) eleven d) fifteen

38. Hubert was beat by _________men.a) two b) three c) four d) five

39. The thieves hid in a _________.a) shelf b) flat c) cupboard d) van



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40. Magic performed by Hubert ____________.a) sneezes b) bird c) rabbit d) kerchief

5. a) Read the passage given below and answer the question:- 5 x 1 = 5An old priest told me this story when I was very young. I have since wondered many times

where it came from. No one has been able to tell me. Centuries ago a great artist was engaged topaint a mural for the Cathedral in a Sicilian town. The subject was the life of Jesus. For many yearsthe artist labored diligently, and finally the painting was finished except for the two most importantfigures; Child Jesus and Judas Iscariot. He searched far and wide for models for those two figures.One day while walking in an old part of the city he came upon some children playing in the street.Among them was a twelve year old boy whose face stirred the painter’s heart. it was the face of an angel-a very dirty one, perhaps, but him, and day after day the boy sat patiently until the face of the Child Jesuswas finished. But the painter still found no one to serve as model for the portrait of Judas. For years,haunted by the fear that his masterpiece would remain unfinished, he continued his search.

(i) What was the artist engaged to Paint?(ii) For which two figures did the artist require models?(iii) Where did the artist find his model for the child Jesus?(iv) Why did the artist take the child home?(v) Why was it difficult for the artist to complete the mural? Ans:(i) Artist was engaged to paint a mural for the cathedral in aSicilian town.(ii) Child Jesus and Judas Iscariot.(iii)In the street.(iv) Model for the portrait of Judas.(v) The artist could not find out the model for Judas.

5. b)Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow:-Council worker Serge, 43 and 32-year old Celine, a home help, had lived ,most of their

lives in Lunel which stands only a few metres above sea level. The flat, marshy area, floods frequently.This was the second time in just over a year that the couple had found the home invaded by water.Serge and Celine stepped out into the street, now a fast flouring thigh-high river. They wadedacross the road and Celine stepped over a low hedge which separated the street from the pavement.Serge was following close behind when he saw Celine fall. In an instant she had disappeared belowthe water.

Questions:(i)Who were Serge and Celine?(ii) Where did they spend most of their lives?(iii) Why had they stepped out of their home?(iv) What did Celine step over?(v) What happened to Celine?Answers:-(i) Serge and Celine were a French couple. Serge was a council worker and his wife was a home help.(ii) They spent most of their lives in Lunel, and small town in France.(iii) Flood waters had invaded their house for a second time in over a year. Hence they had to step outof their house.



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(iv) Celine stepped over a low hedge separating the street from the pavement.(v) Celine who was following close behind her husband suddenly fell disappearing below the water.

6. Study the given mind map and fill in :-

The boy’s father was a flying officer during (i) → He returned home in his uniform

It displayed a advertisement (ii) ← The boy noticed a large newspaper

↓Dad said that he bought the piano (iii) → Mum became (iv)

↓Mum felt like a princess ← She became an (v)Answers:-1. World War II2. A new piano3. For his mother4. Very excited / highly delighted5. Accomplished pianist

7. ANSWER IN A PARAGRAPH ANY ONE OF THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS: 1 x 5 = 51. Sam

V Shelly saw wounded a dogV He nursed it.V No one came and claimed the dog.V Shelly named it Goldy.V One day a blind lady came and claimed the dog.V So Shelly returned the dog to her.

2. The PianoV The authors Dad bought a piano on loan.V Mum got skill through Practice.V But the loan wasn’t paid.V So the money lender took away the piano.V Mum was sadV Later, Dad got a jobV Two year later, Dad bought a piano by paying cash.

3. The Face of Judas IscariotV An artist was painting the life of Lord Jesus.V A 12 years old boy posed for the child Jesus portrait.V The artist was in search of a model of Judas for many years.V A wicked man agreed to pose as Judas.V While he posed, there was a change in his behavior. He was the boy who posed for the childJesus some years ago.



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Note Making and Summary Writing:No study of English can be complete without a reference of dictionary of idioms. A very useful and

easily available reference material is “The Collins Dictionary of English idioms”. This dictionarycontains clearly explained meanings of over three thousand common English idioms. To make themeaning very clearer and to show you how the idiom can be used, each idiom is provided with asuitable sample sentence. In this dictionary the emphasis is on ‘true’ idioms. These are expressionswhose meanings cannot be easily worked out from the words they contain. The dictionary alsoprovides a great many variations in the way these idioms are used . The main emphasis, however isa providing and understanding of the meaning of the idioms, rather than attempting to be a completeguide to idiomatic usage.

Notes:-Collins Dictionary of English Idioms - 3000 idioms – Emphasis on true idioms variations

in idioms usage.Rough copy:-

English cannot be complete without a reference of dictionary of idioms. The collins Dictionary ofEnglish idioms contains meanings. These are expression whose meanings cannot be easily worked outfrom the words they contain. The dictionary also provides a great many variations in the way theseidioms are used. It also provides a great many variations in the way these idioms.

Summary or Fair Copy:-Dictionary of English idioms ‘Collins dictionary of English idioms explains more than 3000 idioms

commonly used in English. It emphasis is on true idioms whose meanings can not be easily worked out.It also explains variations in the way these idioms are used.

Dialogue Completion:-Between T.T.R and a passenger

T.T.R. - Ticket pleasePassenger: - Here is the ticket. Berth has not yet been confirmed Sir.T.T.R.: - O.K.Passenger: - I want Berth seat Sir,T.T.R.: - Wait for an hourPassenger: - O.K. sir.T.T.R.: - If Berth is not confirmed I shall help you.Passenger: - When will I get it Sir.?T.T.R.: - I will tell you wait.Passenger: - Thank you Sir.

2. Dialogue between two friends:Ravi: - Hi Rajesh.Rajesh: - Hi Ravi, How are you?Ravi: - I am fine. Have you studied?Rajesh: - I was not well.Ravi: - Why? What happened?Rajesh: - I was feeling feverish.Ravi: - Are you o.k. now?



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Rajesh: - Now, I feel better than before.Ravi: - Take care.Rajesh: - Thank you, Ravi.

LETTER WRITINGTHE WRITERS ADDRESS AND DATE

FromXxxXxxxxxYyyyy cityYyyyy.

2. SALUTATIONTo parents – Dear Father / MotherTo Businessmen – Dear SirTo Teachers – Respected Sir / MadamTo Relatives – Dear Uncle / auntyTo Officials – Sir / Madam

3. BODY OF THE LETTERThis of course is the main part of the letter it should be written in a natural and simple style.

4. SUBCRIPTIONTo Parents – Yours affectionatelyTo Friends – Yours lovinglyTo Businessmen and officials – Yours faithfullyTo Relatives – Yours lovinglyTo Teachers – Yours obediently.

5.ADDRESS ON THE ENVELOPE6.FORMAT OF THE LETTER

Change of address toSir, inform the Post office. I have changed my residence. I request you to kindly redirect all my letters

to the following address.

APPLYING FOR A POSTI am _______ living in the above address. I saw your advertisement. I have the expected qualifications.

If you appoint me I will do my best. Please consider my application.

SPEND SUMMER HOLIDAYSDear Uncle,

I am fine. How are you? I have written my exams well. My summer vacation starts from April. We havedecided to spend this summer vacation with you and aunty.

Thanks for the gift. I am fine How are you? I was very happy to receive your gift of a watch on my birthday.Thank you very much for your kind gift.

Asking permission of join an excursion.I am happy. How are you? My class teacher has decided to go on a tour to Kerala next Sunday. I

would like to visit Kerala. It is my dream. I request you to permit me to join the tour and send me Rs.500/-for my expenses.



39

Q.NO.12 Advertisement / Poster PreparationHelp – lineepidtpy; bfhs;f :1. tpdhtpy; cs;s thh;j;ijfs; midj;ija[k; goj;J tpsk;guk; vijg; gw;wp vd g[hpe;J bfhs;f.2. tpilj;jhspy; xU fl;lk; nghl;Lf; bfhs;st[k;.3. tpsk;guk; vijg; gw;wpnah (the purpose of the advertisement such as Trade fair, house for saleor wanted) mij nkny vGjt[k;.4. Kf;fpa bghUis vGj;Jf;fspy; bghpajhf vGJt[k;.5. Kf;fpa points (such as 30% discount, sale, free) nghd;wtw;iw rpW tl;lk; my;yJ oird;nghl;L mjpy; vGjyhk;.6. tpdhtpy; cs;s midj;J tpra§fSk; c§fsJ tpsk;guj;jpy; ,Uf;FkhW ghh;j;Jf;bfhs;st[k;.7. njitg;gl;lhy; me;jg; bghUisg; gw;wpa Slogans gad;gLj;jyhk;.8. tpyhrk;/ bjhiyngrp vz; Mfptw;iw fPnH vGjt[k;.

AdvertisementPrepare a poster with a catchy slogan:-1. Pen world - mightier than sword - variety of pens - different dazzling colours writes smoothly - pricesfrom Rs. 10 to Rs. 1000/- for gifts - personal use.

2. Susee - Hyundai - New cars - Special offer spot booking - exchange offer - venue ; Gandhi nagar,Madurai.

3. Zee fine arts academy - admission open carnatic vocal,veena - violin, guitar keyboard classes -drawing and art classes - contact no : duration of course fees.



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4. Best furnitures for class rooms, houses, teak wood and rose wood - elegant style - comfort - cheapand best discount for bulk orders.

SECTION – IV(EXPANSION OF IDEAS: 35 MARKS)

13) Expand the following headlines:a) Schools closed due to heavy rains.

Ans: All the schools in Chennai have been closed for two days due to heavy rains.b) PM to attend UNO meet.

Ans: Our Prime Minister Mr. Narendra Modi left Delhi yesterday to attend UNO meet.c) Mobile phones banned in schools.

Ans: Mobile phones have been banned in schools.d) Heart surgery for children at low cost.

Ans: The Lions Club has planned for heart surgery for children at low cost.e) 108 service welcomed by the poor.

Ans: 108 service rendered by the Government is welcomed by the poor.

14) (a) Study the pie chart and answer the questions given below:Percentage of vehicles crossing the bridge during peak hours.

12%

31%

19%

19%

19 %

(i) The vehicles which do not cross the bridge during peak hours are:(a) Cars (b) Buses (c) Lorries (d) Bicycles Ans: Lorries

(ii) State whether the following statement is true or false: Next to Bicycles, most people prefer to travel bybikes. Ans: True

(iii) The fewest number vehicles which cross the bridge are:(a) Vans (b) Bicycles (c) Buses (d) Cars Ans: Vans

(iv) The number of vans which cross the bridge is _________(a) Equal to the number of cars (b) Less than the number of cars(c) Twice the number of cars (d) Almost the same as the number of cars.

Lorries Vans

Cars

Buses

Bicycles



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Ans: Less than the number of cars.(v) The number of bicycles which cross the bridge is___________

(a) Two (b) four (c) five (d) three Ans: four.

(b) Study the pie chart and answer the questions given below:Books in the School Library

(i)This library gives most importance(a) Novels and Short stories (b) Reference Books(c) History and Geopgaphy (d) Biographies

Ans: Reference Books(ii) The least percentage of books stored in this library is

those on(a) Science (b) History and Geography (c) Arts (d) Novels and short stories

Ans: Arts.(iii) There are as many books on Science as there are on

a) Biographies b) Arts c) Novels and short stores d) ReferenceAns: Biographies

(iv) The percentage of books on Biographies is _______ that of books on History and Geography.a) More than b) less than c) same as d) half of

Ans: same as.(v). There is a ______ difference between books on science and those on Novels and short stories.a) 20% b)15% c)10% d)5% Ans: 5%

Q.No.15. 12. DEVELOPING THE HINTSDevelop the following hints into a readable paragraph and also give a suitable title.

Conservation of water – basic need – water essential for life – must conserve during allseasons – suggestions: link rivers – avoid domestic wastage – harvest rain water – recycle water –grow trees. They act as sponges.

nkny cs;s xt;bthU hint Ia[k; SV, SVO, SVCA, SVOC, SVIODO sentence patternKiwg;go KGr; brhw;bwhluhf khw;wt[k;. ntW brhw;bwhlh; mikg;iga[k; gad;gLj;jyhk;.

1. Water is the basic need of all living beings.2. It is essential for our life.3. We must conserve water during all seasons.4. To conserve water, we should link rivers, a void domestic wastages.5. Government insists to harvest rain waters.6. It helps us to fulfill our water needs during summer.7. Recycling is also one of the ways to save water.8. We must grow trees to get more rain.9. It controls soil erosion and act as sponges.

nkny cs;s brhw;bwhlh;fis gpd;tUkhW xU gj;jpahf (Paragraph) vGjt[k;. xUjiyg;g[ bfhLf;ft[k;. Write the above sentences as a paragraph and give a title.

Conservation of WaterWater is the basic need of all living beings. It is essential for our life. We must conserve water

during all seasons. To conserve water, we should link rivers, avoid domestic wastages. Governmentinsists to harvest rain waters. It helps us to fulfill our water needs during summer. Recycling is also

20%

25%

15%

15%

10%

19 %

Novels andShort storiesScience

ReferenceBooksBiographies

History andGeography



42

one of the ways to save water. We must grow trees to get more rain. It controls soil erosion and actas sponges.

SP-EXCERSE – 1: Develop each of the following hints into a readable paragraph and also give asuitable title.1. Insects – two main kinds – useful, harmful – useful bees, silk worms – honey and silk- foodand clothing – harmful: locusts, mosquitoes – locusts eat growing plants - destroy crops – mosquitoescause malaria – millions die – neither harmful nor useful butterfly, ladybird – pretty, colourful.

Insects are of two main kinds. Some are useful and some are harmful. Usefulinsects are bees, silk worms. Bees gives us honey and silkworm gives us clothing. Harmful insectsare locusts, mosquitoes. Locusts eat growing plants and mosquitoes cause malaria. Millions of Peopledie due to malaria.

2. Tree – wealth of a nation – should not be cut down. Forests aid rain-fall – natural resources –students – aim in life – planting of trees – encourage – in schools, colleges, create awareness in public –regarding – saving ytrees – preventing – cutting down trees.

Tree is the wealth of a nation. It should not be cut down. Forests aid rainfall and naturalresources. Students must aim planting trees, planting of trees should be encouraged in schoolsand colleges. It will create awareness in public regarding saving trees and preventing cuttingdown trees.

Moral – No Trees, No Rain.

Questions No.16 Matching slogans with products / servicesHelpline :- slogans are short sayings made attractive to remote or describe about a particular thing or

product.I ) Match the slogans with the products.

Products Services1.Dress material makes you smart and elegant2. Gingely oil protects heart from cholesterol3.Cell phone connecting people / share your world4.Computer door step to knowledge5.Health drink Keep stronger / secret of the energy

II. 1. Chocolates a sweet gift of love2.Silk sarees bloom s from the the looms3. Refrigerator Chillness into your bones4. Internet Connect world in your room5. Computer course Placement assured

III. 1. Tooth paste Pearls in your mouth2.Perfume Draws everyone by fragrance3. Air conditioner Bring home from switzerland4. Microtip pen flawless writing flows5. Hill resort Home away form home

IV. 1. Gum fixes everything except broken hearts2.Mirror look at yourself as you are3.Digital camera no film, just click and get snap4. Balloon Air filled magic5. Laptop computer carry your data everywhere



43

QUESTION NO. 17.Observe the map given below and write the instructions required.

A man wants to go to the State Bank in your locality. Guide him.

Answer : 1. Go Straight, 2, You will reach main road, 3. Turn left 4. Walk striaght, 5. Cross the road,6. You will reach State Bank

QUESTION NO.18COMPLETING PARAPHRASE:

Read the poem given below and complete its paraphrase with suitable phrases in the given blanks:A Bird And A Girl.

1) A plump little girl and a thin little birdWere out in the meadows togetherHow cold that poor little bird must beWithout any clothes like mine said she,Although it is sunshiny weatherA Nice little girl is that, said he,But, oh how could she must be, for see!She hasn’t single feather!So each shivered to think of the poor thing,Although it is sunshiny weather.

A (i) and a little bird went out in (ii). The girl felt that the bird was shivering with coldas it had (iii) like her. The bird thought that the girl must be feeling cold a she (iv). Each shiveredwith sorrow for the other although the weather was (v) .

Answer: (i) plump little girl (ii) meadows (iii) no feather (iv) had no clothes (v) Sunshiny.2) She told you to plant trees

And you paid her no heedAnd now the taps are dryThey released a water rationing Schedule today,A water conservation measureYou say, because the taps are dryYou should have rational you greedAnd paid her heed, when she told you not to cut down forest trees,But you did not see the wisdom of her leas,And now the taps are dry.

You didn’t (i) to her when she told you to plant trees. Now here is no (ii). You tell me that (iii) tocontrol and distribute a limited supply of water in order to conserve water. You should have controlledyour greed and paid attention when she told you (iv) the forest, but you did not understand how (v).And now there is no water in the taps.

Answer: (i) listen (ii) water (iii) water is rationed (iv) not to cut down (v) important it was.

Main RoadRaja Store

State Bank Bus Stop You are here



44

QUESTION NO.19TRANSLATION:

A foreigner is driving a car. He comes to a river which has two bridges. He sees before hima board in Tamil. As he does not know Tamil, help him to understand the instructions throughyour translation.vr;rphpf;if :

,e;j ghyk; gGjile;jpUf;fpwJ. ehd;F rf;fu thfd§fs; kw;Wk; fduf thfd§fs;g[jpa ghyj;jpy; bry;YkhW mwpt[Wj;jg;gLfpwJ.

Ans: (CAUTION (WARNING)The bridge is in a bad condition. Four Wheelers and Heavy Vehicles are directed to go on the

new bridge.

USE THESE FOR TRANSLATION AND ROAD MAP1. gpujhd rhiy - Main Road2. g[ifg;gpoj;jy; - Smoking3. czt[ tpLjp - Restaurant, Hotel4. gy;bghUs; m§fho - Super Market5. tlf;F nehf;fp - Towards North6. fpHf;F nehf;fp - Towards East7. bjw;F - South8. nkw;F - West9. neuhf - Go Straight10. ,lJ g[wk; jpUk;gt[k; - Turn left11. tyJ g[wk; jpUk;gt[k; - Turn right12. kpd;tz;o epWj;jk; - Railway Station / Electric train13. ngUe;J epiyak; - Bus stand14. khw;Wg; ghijapy; bry;yt[k; - Take diversion15. brg;gdpLk; gzp - Repair16. ghjrhhpfs; - Pedestrians17. nghf;Ftuj;J tpjpfs; - Traffic rules18. rhiy re;jpg;g[ - Junction19. gazpfs; - Passengers20. jhz;or; bry;yt[k; - Walk past21. rhiyia flf;ft[k; - Cross the road22. vjphpy; - Opposite to23. gf;fj;jpy; - Beside24. mUfpy; - Near

19) B) EXPRESSING IDEAS ABOUT PICTURE.1. This picture is meaningful2. It is thought provoking3. I like this picture.4. the scene is very natural.5. It is very much real.6. I see _____________ in the picture.

________________



Ts°d Lp®j Õû\

10Bm YÏl×

fzpjk;

Mq;fpy top

gapw;rpf; fl;lfk;



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3



4



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8



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24



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Ts°d Lp®j Õû\

10Bm YÏl×

mwptpay;

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Biology

I Answer the following:- ( 1 mark qns):-1. Primitive man evolved in __________. (Africa, America, India, Australia)

Ans : Africa.

2. Which of the following is inheritable?

a. an altered gene in sperm b. an altered gene in testesc. an altered gene in zygote d. an altered gene in udder cell

Ans : a. an altered gene in sperm

3. Theory of natural selection was proposed by ________.

a. Charles Darwin b. Gregor Johann Mendelc. Hugo de vries d. Jean Baptise Lamarck

Ans : a. Charles Darwin

4. Somatic Gene Therapy

a.Affects sperm b.Affects egg c. Affects progeny d. Affects body cells

Ans: d.Affects Body Cells

5. The most serious form of malaria is caused by _________.

a. plasmodium ovale b. plasmodium malariac. plasmodium falciparum d. plasmodium vivax

Ans : c. Plasmodium falciparum

6. The first vaccine injected into a just born baby is _______.

a. oral polio b. DPT c. DPT and oral polio d. BCG

Ans : BCG

7. Pick out the bacterial Disease

A. Meningitis B. Rabis C. Tetanus D. Smallpox

Ans : C.Tetanus

8. One of the following transmitted through air. find out

A.Tuberculosis B. Meningitis C.Typhoid D.Cholera

Ans : A.Tuberculosis

9. Normal Blood glucose level in 100 ml of blood is _____.

Ans : 80 - 120 mg

10. An Endocrine gland which is both exocrine and endocrine is ——————

A.Pancreas B.Pituitary C.Thyroid D.Adrenal

Ans. A.Pancreas

11. In sexual reproduction of flowering plants, the first event involved in this is____.

a. fertilization b. germination c. regeneration d. pollination

Ans :d. Pollination



4

12. If a water soaked seed is pressed, a small drop of water comes out through________.

a. stomata b. lenticle c. micropyle d. radicle

Ans : c. micropyle

13. The product of triple fusion which acts as nutritive tissue for the development of embryo is

a. zygote b. scutellum c. placenta d. endosperm

Ans : d. endosperm

14. The fruit develops from a single flower with multi carpellary apocarpous and superior ovary is ——.

A. Aggregate Fruit B.Composite Fruit C.Simple Fruit D.Multiple Fruit

Ans A. Aggregate Fruit

15. The mango fruit is called as stone fruit because it has———————

A.Skinny Epicarp B.Stony Mesocarp C. Fleshy Endocarp D.Hard Endocarp

Ans :B.Hard Endocarp

16. Sensitive whiskers are found in ______.

a. Bat b. Elephant c. Deer d. cat

Ans : d. cat

17. The tusks of elephants are modified ________.

Ans : Incisors.

18. Normal body temperature of man is ____.

a. 98.4°f - 98.6°F b. 94.4°F - 98.6°F c. 96.6°F - 96.8°F d. 98.4°F - 99.6°F

Ans : 98.4°F - 98.6°F

19. The xylem in the plants are responsible for

a. transport of water b. transport of foodc. transport of amino acids d. transport of oxygen

Ans : transport of water

20. The product obtained in the Anaerobic Respiration of yeast

A. Lactic Acid B. Pyruvic Acid C. Ethanol D.Acetic Acid

Ans C. Ethanol

21. The Autotrophic Nutrition requires

A. CO2 and water B. Chlorophyll C. Sunlight D. All the above

Ans. D. All the above

22. What is called as ‘black gold’?

a. hydrocarbons b. coal c. petroleum d. ether

Ans : c. petroleum

23. Example for fossil fuel is _______.

a. copper b. iron c. magnesium d. coal

Ans : d. coal



5

24. Example for product of green Chemistry

a.Plastic b.paper c. bio plastics d. Halogen flame retardents

Ans.b.bio plastics

25. Which is a non-renewable resource?

a. coal b. petroleum c. natural gas d. all the above

Ans : all the above

26. ________ is the chief component of natural gas.

a. ethane b. methane c. propane d. butane

Ans : b. methane

II Answer the following:- ( 2marks questions)1. Here is a certain important hereditary jargons, fix a suitable one from the list given below.

( alleles, variation, speciation, gene, allelomorph)

a. ______ are the factors which form the physical basis of inheritance.

Ans : gene

b. ________ is alternate expression of same gene. Ans. : alleles

c. _____ are contrasting pairs of alleles. Ans : allelomorph

2. Sequentially arrange the different species of man from primitive to modern man.

(Neanderthal man, Homohabilis, Homo erectus, Homo sapiens)

Ans : Homo habilis , homo erectus Neanderthal man , Homo sapiens.

3. Identical twins are syngenic with similar chromosomal contents. Natural clones are those who possessidentical chromosomes. Fill up with suitable word given in brackets.

a. Identical twins are _________. (natural clones / induced clones)

Ans : natural clones

b. Identical twins are ____. (dissimilar to each other / similar to each other)

Ans : similar to each other

4. Match the columns B, C with A :

A B C

Vitamin B Scurvy Nervous disorderVitamin C Rickets Bleeding GumVitamin D Haemorrhage Defective calcification of bonesVitamin K Beri - Beri Profuse loss of blood

Ans A B C

Vitamin B Beri - Beri Nervous disorderVitamin C Scurvy Bleeding gumVitamin D Rickets Defective calcification of bonesVitamin K Haemorrhage Profuse loss of blood

5. Kavitha is suffering from common cold. What are the questions you will put forth to Kavitha to confirmthe disease?a. Is mucous is flowing from the nose? b. Are you having headache?



6

6. Copy the diagram and label any two parts in the group given.

(cyton, axon, dendron, endplate)

Ans :

7. This diagram is human brain and the functions of different parts are given below. A. seat of smell Bseat of vision

Mark A and B in the parts of the brain corresponding with the function.

Ans :

8. Based on the relationships, fill in the blanks:-

Thyroxine : Personality hormone

Adrenaline : __________________.

Ans : Emergency hormone.

9. Correct the statements if they are wrong.

a. alpha cells produce insulin and beta cells produce glucagon.

b. Ovary produces eggs and androgen

Ans : a. alpha cells produce glucagon and beta cells produce insulin.

b. Ovary produces eggs and oestrogen.

10. Pick out the item which has sequential arrangements.

a. zygotene → Leptotene → Pachytene → diplotene → Diakinesis

b. Diakenesis → zygotene → leptotene → pachytene → diplotene

c. Leptotene → zygotene → pachytene → diplotene → diakinesis

Ans :

c. Leptotene → zygotene → pachytene → diplotene → diakinesis



7

11. The important event of meiosis is the crossing over .It occurs during ———————

a.Leptotene b.Pachytene c.diplotene d.zygotene Ans.Pachytene

12. a. Identify the given figure A and B. (Diagram in page 70 Q. No. 11)

b. Which part of the A is modified in to B.

a. A - Gynoecium b. Fruit c. Ovary is modified into fruit Ans : a. A - Gynoecium

13. The methods of reproduction and the organisms are given below. Match the type of reproduction tosuitable organisms.

fission - spirogyra - yeast, budding - protozoans - flatworms,

fragmentation - bryophyllum - bacteria

Ans fission protozoans bacteria

budding bryophyllum yeast

fragmentation spirogyra flatworms

14. Redraw the diagram and label the following parts:-

a. exine b. tube nucleus

Ans :

15. Based on relationship, fill up :

Whale : Baleen plates

Bat : ___________.

Ans : Forelimbs modified in to wings

16. Master chemists of our body are kidneys. Justify.

a. Kidneys acquire all chemicals taken in the body.

b. Maintain the chemical composition of blood.

c. Kidneys send out all chemicals taken in the body.

d. Kidneys store the various chemicals taken in the body.

Ans : b. Maintain the chemical composition of blood.

17. Name the types of vascular tissues in the plant stem which are labelled as A and B.

(Diagram in page 103 Qn. No. 6)

a. Name A and B Ans : A - xylem B - Phloem

b. What are the materials transported through A? Ans : Water and minerals

c. What are the materials transported through B? Ans : Food particles or starch storage.

d. How do the materials in A move upwards to leaves? Ans : xylem vessels

18. Observe the diagram (Diagram in Page 103 Q. No. 7)

a. Mention the type of movements shown in fig A and B.

Tube nuclelus

Exine (Diag in Page 71)Qn. No. 15



8

Ans : A - Geotropism or hydrotropism

B - phototropism or negative geotropism

b. How does the movement differ from the movement of mimosa?

Ans : i. Movement is independent of growth.

ii. Immediate response to stimuli

19. Sugar is converted into alcohol. From the above statement.

1. What kind of process takes place?

Ans : Anaerobic respiration

2. Which microorganism is involved?

Ans : yeast

20. In human beings air enters into the body through (a) and moves into (b).In fishes water enters into thebody through (c) and the dissolved oxygen of water diffuses into (d). Find a, b, c,d

Ans : a. nose b. lungs c. mouth d. blood through gills

21. Fill in the blanks:-

Plasma : Fibrinogen

RBC : Carriage of oxygen

WBC : _______________.

Ans : Production of antibodies.

22. Study the food chain below correct it and convert into a pyramid of energy.

mulberry → sparrow → caterpillar →kite.

Ans :

mulberry → caterpillar→ sparrow → kite

23. Match the suitable renewable and non renewable sources.

Sources A B C

renewable coal wind petroleum

non-renewable hydrogen natural gas solar energy

Ans :

sources A B C

renewable hydrogen wind solar energy

non-renewable coal natural gas petroleum

mulberry



9

24. Find the odd one out:

a. bio alcohol, green, diesel, bioether, petroleum.

Ans : petroleum

b. cholera, typhoid, scabies, dysentry

Ans : scabies

25. Pick out the suitable appliances to conserve electric energy.

(Fluorescent bulbs, copper choke, solar water heater, electric water heater, tungsten bulbs, electronicchoke.)

Ans : Fluorescent bulbs, Solar water heater, electronic choke.

******Chemistry

I Answer the following:- (1 mark questions)1. When sunlight passes through window of the classrooms, its path is visible. This is due to __________

of light. (reflection, scattering)

Ans : scattering

2. The mixture of gases used by deep. Sea divers is __________.

(Helium - oxygen, Oxygen - nitrogen)

Ans : Helium - oxygen

3. If two liquids are mutually soluble they are called ———————— liquids

A. Miscible B.Immiscible

Ans. A. Miscible

4. Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2 The above reaction is an example of

a. combination reaction b. double displacement reactionc. displacement reaction d. decomposition reaction

Ans : c. Displacement reaction

5. Vinegar is present in acetic acid. Curd contains _________ acid. (Lactic acid / Tartaric acid)

Ans : lactic acid

6. pH = - log10[H+]. The pH of a solution containing hydrogen ion concentration of 0.001 M solution is__________.(3 / 11 / 14)

Ans : 3

7. Chemical volcano is an example of ————————.

A. Combination Reaction B. Decomposition Reaction

Ans. B. Decomposition Reaction

8. In the modern periodic table, periods and groups are given. Periods and groups indicate ________.

a. Rows and columns. b. columns and rows.

Ans : Rows and Columns



10

9. A process employed for the concentration of sulphide ore is _____.

(froth floation / gravity separation)

Ans : froth floatation

10. Any metal mixed with mercury is called amalgam. The amalgam used for dental filling is ______.

(Ag-Sn amalgam / cu - Sn amalgam)

Ans : Ag-sn amalgam

11. Gold does not occur in the combined form.It does react with air or water. It is in ————— state.

A. Native State B.Combined State

Ans. A. Native State

12. Coating the surface of iron with other metal prevents it from rusting.if it is coated with thin layer of zinc,it is called ———————.

a.galvanization b. painting c.cathodic protection

Ans.a. galvanization

13. IUPAC name of first member of alkyne is _______. (ethene / ethyne)

Ans : ethyne

14. Bukminster fullerene is the allotropic form of ———————

a.Nitrogen b.carbon c.sulphur

Ans.b. carbon

II Answer the following:- (2 mark question)1. From the table given below, furnish your point of inferences.

substance solubility at 25°cNaCl 36gNaBr 95gNaI 184g

Ans : 1. 100ml of water can dissolve 36g of NaCl at 25°c, to attain saturation

2. 100ml of water can dissolve 95g of NaBr at 25°c to attain saturation.

3. 100 ml of water can dissolve 184g of NaI at 25°c to attain saturation.

2. Molecular mass of nitrogen is 28. Its atomic mass is 14. Find the atomicity of nitrogen.

Ans. :

21428

massatomic mass molecularAtomicity ===

3. Cl represents chlorine atom. Cl2 represents chlorine molecule. List out any two differences betweenatoms and molecules.

Ans Atom Molecule

a. The smallest particle of an The smallest particle of an element or a element that can take part compound that can exist freely. in a chemical reactionb. An atom is a non-bonded entity A molecule is a bonded entity.



11

4. The pH values of certain familiar substances are given below:-

Substance pH valueblood 7.4baking soda 8.2vinegar 2.5Household Ammonia 12

Analyse the data in the table and answer the following questions.

a. which substance is acidic in nature? Ans : vinegar

b. Which substances are basic in nature?

Ans : Blood, Baking soda, House hold ammonia

5. The hydroxyl ion concentration of a solution is 1.0x10-8 m. What is the pH of the solution?

Ans : [OH-] = 1.0 x 10-8 m.POH = -log10[OH-]

= -log10(1x10-8) = 8PH + POH = 14therefore PH = 14 - 8PH = 6

6. Can rusting of iron nail occur in distilled water. Justify your answer.

Ans : 1. yes. Rusting of iron nail occur in distilled water.

2. Rusting of iron nail is due to the presence of air and water.

7. To design the body of the aircraft aluminium alloys are used. Give your reason.

Ans :

1. aluminium alloys are light and have high tensile strength.

2. These are corrosion resistant.

8. Acetic acid is heated with a solid ‘x’ kept in a test tube. A colourless and odourless gas (y) is evolved.The gas turns lime water milky when passed through it. Identify x and y.

Ans : x - sodium carbonate (or) sodium bicarbonate y - carbon di - oxide

X Std Physics - Study Material for slow learnersI. Choose the best answer:-1. The momentum of massive object at rest is ——.

a. very large b. very small c. zero d. infinityAns : c. zero

2. From the following statements, write down that which is not applicable to mass of an object.

a. It is a fundamental quantity

b. It is measured using physical balance

c. It is measured using spring balance

Ans : c. It is measured using spring balance



12

3. The weight of 50kg person at the surface of earth is ———————

a.50N b.35N c.380M d.490N

ans. d.490N

4. The freezing of bio-technology products like vaccine require —————— freezing systems

a.Helium b.nitrogen c.ammonia d.chlorine

ans.b.nitrogen

5. The potential difference required to pass a current 0.2A in a wire of resistance 20 ohm is —.

a. 100v b. 4v c. 0.01v d. 40v

Ans : b. 4v

6. Kilowatt hour is the unit of ——.

a. potential difference b. electric power c. electric energy d. charge

Ans: c. electric energy

7. ________________ surface absorbs more heat than any other surface under identical conditions

a.white b.rough c. black d.yellow

ans. c.black

8. The atomic number of natural radio active element is __________

a.greater than 82 b.less than <82 c.Not defined d.atleast 92

ans.a greater than >82

9. The magnification produced by the mirror is 1/3, then the type of mirror is ——.

a. concave b. convex c. plane

Ans. b. convex

10. An electric current through a metallic conductor, it produces — around it.

a. heat b. light c. magnetic field d. mechanical force

Ans : c. magnetic field

11. The field of view is maximum for ——.

a. plane mirror b. concave mirror c. convex mirror

Ans : c. convex mirror

12. An object is placed 25cm from a convex lens whose focal length is 10cm. The image distance is —.

a. 50cm b. 16.66cm c) 6.66cm d) 10cm

Ans : b. 16.66cm

TWO MARKS:II. Fill in the blanks:-1. Force = mass x acceleration, the momentum = ——— x ——.

Ans : mass x velocity

2. Liquid hydrogen for rocket, then —— for MRI.

Ans : liquid helium.



13

III. Correct the mistakes in the following statements:-1. One newton is the force that produces an acceleration of 1ms-2 in an object of 1gm mass.

2. Action and reaction is always acting on the same body.

Ans : One Newton is the force that produces an acceleration of 1ms-2. In an objects of 1 Kilogrammass.

2. Action and reaction is always acting on the two different objects.

IV. 1.Potential difference : Voltmeter, then current :Ans : Ammeter

Power plant : conventional source of energy, then solar energy : Non conventional source of energy.

2. Match the following:

a. an electrical cell b. closed plug key c. a resistor d. a bulb

V. Fill in the blanks:-a. For a motor :

A permanent magnet, then commercial motor : .............

Ans : Electro magnet

b. Focal length of a lens : Meter, then power of a lens : ...................

Ans : Dioptre

VI. Identify the mistake in the following rays diagram and draw the correct diagram:

VII. Which of the compass needle orientations in the following diagram might correctly describethe magnets field at that point :

Answer :

-------------

ComponentsResistorbulb

closed plug keyan electric cell

symbols

a)



14

5 Marks Questions :1. a) What is Genetic engineering?

b) What are the uses of Genetic engineering?

Ans : a) Genetic engineering is the modification of the genetic information of living organism bymanipulation of DNA by adding, removing or repairing part of genetic material (DNA) and changing thephenotype of the organism. It is also known as gene manipulation.

b) The benefits derived through the Genetic Engineering include :

(1) Understanding of the gene structure and function through basic research.(2) Production of large quantities of insulin, interferon (Anti-viral protein produced by virus infectedcells) human growth hormones, proteins and vaccines for foot and mouth disease of cattle.

(iii) This technique is also employed in the transfer of genes involved in Nitrogen fixation [NiF - genes].This will help the cultivation to increase productivity.

2. There is widespread outbreak of malaria in your area.a) Suggest some controlling mesures to the local authorities concerned.b) Pick out the right symptom for malaria. [Chill and shiver and a rise in temperature / diarrhoea]

Ans : a) Controlling measures are

(i) sanitary measures include ground fogging with disinfectants.

(ii) Closure of stagnant pools of water and covering ditches is suggested.

(iii) Using mosquito nets and repellants.

b) Symptom for malaria

Chill and shiver and a rise in temperature.

3. a) Write the two events involved in the sexual reproduction of flowering plant.

b) Discuss the first event and write the types.

c) Give advantages and disadvantages of that event.

a) 1. Pollination 2. Fertilization

b) Pollination : Transfer of Pollen grains from the anther to the stigma is called pollination.

Types of Pollination : (i) Self pollination (ii) Cross pollination

Self Pollination (Autogamy)

Self Pollination is also known as autogamy. The transfer of pollen grains from the anther of a flower tothe stigma of the same flower or another flower of the same plant is known as self pollination.

Advantages of self pollination

1. Self pollination is certain in bisexual flowers.

2. Flowers need not depend on agents of pollination.

3. There is no wastage of pollen grains.

Disadvantages of self pollination

1. The seeds are less in number.

2. Endosperm is minute. Therefore, the seeds produce weak plants.

3. New varieties of plants cannot be produced resulting in the degradation of the plant.



15

Cross Pollination (Allogamy)The transfer of pollen grains of a flower to the stigma of another flower of a different plant of the samespecies is called cross pollination or allogamy.Advantages of cross pollination1. The seeds produced as a result of cross pollination develop, germinate properly and grow intobetter plants. i.e., cross pollination leads to the production of new varieties.2. More viable seeds are produced.

4. Smoke, smoke every where smoke. Do you agree this situation is good for health. List out theharmful effects of coal burning.

Ans : NoHarmful effects of coal burning.

(i) Generation of waste products which contain mercury, uranium, thorium, arsenic and other heavymetals which are harmful to human health and environment.(ii) Sulphur particles present in the coal will cause acid rain.(iii) Interference with ground water and water table levels.(iv) Contamination of land and water ways.(v) Dust nuisance.

5. State the findings of modern atomic theory.Modern Atomic TheoryThe findings of modern atomic theory are given as follows :

* Atom is considered to be a divisible particle.

* Atoms of the same element may not be similar in all respects. e.g. : isotopes (17Cl35, 17Cl37)

* Atoms of different elements may be similar in some respects. eg. Isobars (18Ar40, 20Ca40)

* Atom is the smallest particle which takes part in chemical reactions.

* The ratio of atoms in a molecule may be fixed and integral but may not be simple.e.g. C12H22O11 is not a simple ratio (Sucrose)

* Atoms of one element can be changed into atoms of other element by transmutation.

* The mass of an atom can be converted into energy. This is in accordance with Einstein’s equationE = mc2.

6. Write the common name and IUPAC name of the following :Ans :

Molecular formula Common Name IUPAC Name

a) CH3CH2CHO Propionaldehyde Propanal

b) CH3COCH3 Dimethyl ketone Propanone(Acetone)

c) CH3 - CH - CH3 Iso Propyl alcohol 2 - propanol | OH

d) CH3COOH Acetic acid Ethanoic acid

e) HCHO Formaldehyde Methanal



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7.

a. Redraw the above diagram

b. This diagram represents A.C. generator

c. Label the parts of the diagram.

Ans : N - S Two poles of a permanent magnet

ABCD rotating rectangular coil

S1 and S2 slip rings

B1 and B2 stationary brushes

d. Write the principle of the name of the device denoted by this diagram.

Ans: electro magnetic induction.

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Social ScienceChoose the correct answer:-

1. A great demand for the raw materials was created by - Industrial revolution.2. The policy of Imperialism followed by the European countries from 1870 - 1945 was known as -

New Imperialism.3. The movement of goods was speeded up by the development of - Railways.4. The French East India company was established by - Colbert5. Kaiser William II stationed a fleet at - Heligoland.6. Germany invaded France by crossing - Belgium.7. The famous American Merchant - ship sunk by Germany - Lusitania.8. The I world war came to an end by the - Paris Peace conference.9. The founder of the Fascist party was - Benito Mussolini.10. The allied army occupied the resources rich - Rhineland.11. The coal mines given to France were - Saar.12. The country emerged as a world power after the first world was - Japan.13. The UNO’s main deliberative body is - The General Assembly.14. The name of single European currency - Euro.15. Indian Historians describe the revolt of 1857 as - first war of Indian Independence.16. The First sign of unrest appeared at - Barrackpore.17. The pioneer of the Reform movement was - Swami Dayananda Saraswati.18. A great Social reformist from Kerala - Shree Narayana Guru.19. The language of the Educated Indians was - English.20. Home rule league in Bombay was formed by - Mrs. Annie Besant.21. C.R. Das and Motilal Nehru formed by party - Swaraj Party.22. The task of unifying Indian States was undertaken by - Sardar Vallabbai Patel.23. First President of India - Dr. Rajendra Prasad.24. At Vedaranyam, The salt was broken by - Rajaji.25. The greatest social reformer of TamilNadu - E.V. Ramasamy Periyar.26. Vaikom is a place in - Kerala.27. Due to Dr. Muthulakshmi’s good efforts, the cancer institute was started at Adyar.28. The Head Quarters of the Rama Krishna Mission is at Belur.29. The pioneer of the reform movements was RajaRammohan Roy.30. The English East India Company was formed in 1600.31. Germany and Italy became unified countries in 1870.32. Kamaraj was famous for his policy ‘k’ plan.

Geography33. Palk Strait separates India from - Srilanka.34. The highest peak in India - Mt. Godwin Austin (K2).35. The Himalayas are known as - Abode of Snow.36. India experiences - Tropical Monsoon climate.37. The coastal areas enjoy - Equable climate.38. Which one of the following is contained in the monazite sand - Uranium.



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39. Tea and coffee crops are grown well on the - mountain slopes.40. Manchester of India is - Mumbai.41. Chotta Nagpur plateau is noted for - mineral resources.42. The city of electronic capital is - Bengaluru.43. The main cause natural air pollution - Vehicular emission.44. The headquarters of Indian railways is - Delhi.45. The device to detect Electro Magnetic Radiation - Sensor.46. The source of River Ganga Gangotri.47. The soil found in the Arid Zone is known as Desert Soil.48. Rice is grown well in the alluvial soil.49. The crop that grows in drought is millets.

Civics / Economics50. The opposition party leader will be given the status of - Cabinet minister.51. The most popular form of government is - Democracy.52. The ancient religion of our country is - vedic religion.53. The customers are exploited by the - Traders.54. World consumer day is celebrated on - March 15.55. The Magna carta of consumers - COPRA.56. India’s per capita income - 950 dollars.57. Primary sector consists of - Agriculture.58. Per capital income is an indicator of - Living standard of people.59. Nehru decided that India would be a - Mixed economy.60. Bhoodan Movement was started by - Acharya Vinobha Bhave.

Match the following:-1. Carnatic Wars - End of French Influence in India.2. Apartheid - Africa3. Woodrow Wilson - America4. Kaiser William - Germany5. Duce - Mussolini6. Black shirts - The followers of Mussolini7. Ovra - Secret poice of Mussolini8. The pioneer of reform movement - Raja Ram Mohan Roy9. Martin Luther of Hinduism - Swami Dayananda Saraswati10. New India - Annie Besant11. Vaikom Knight - Periyar12. Devadasi Scheme - Dr. Muthulakshmi13. Veera Tamil Annai - Dr. Dharmambal14. Justice Party - T.M. Nair.15. Chanakyar - Rajaji16. King Maker - Kamaraj17. Mangal Pandey - Barrackpur



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18. Swastika - Nazi symbol19. Lion of Punjab - Lala Lajpati Rai20. Lava Plateau - Malwa21. Wheat - Punjab22. Sugarcane - Uttar Pradesh23. Apple - Himachal Pradesh24. Rubber - Kerala25. Jute - West Bengal26. District Roads - Corporations.27. Central Railway - Mumbai28. South Railway - Chennai29. Northern Railway - Delhi30. Mangrove Forest - Sundarbans31. Lignite - A kind of coal32. Software Industry - Bengaluru33. Burst of Monsoon - June to September34. Norwesters - Local Storms in northeast India.35. Hot air ballon - French Map makers36. TIROS - USA37. Highest rainfall place - Mawsynramm in Cherrapunji.

History.1. Define Imperialism.

The policy of extending a country’s rule over the others.

2. What was the immediate cause of Firtst World War? In June 28,1914, Austrian crown Prince Francis Ferdinand and his wife Isabella were

assassinated by a Serbian lad at Serajevo, the capital of Bosnia. Serbia ignored the ultimatum sentby Austria. On July 28,1914, Austria declared war on Serbia.

3. Why did America enter into First World War?In 1917, Germany drowned four merchants ships of America, including Lusitania with her

submarines. More than hundred Americans died in this incident. This caused America to declaredwar on Germany.

4. What were the causes of Great Economic Depression? Americans share market was collapsed and the industrial growth and agricultural producewere affected.

5. What were the four pillars of fascism?Charismatic leadership, single party rule under a dictator, terror and economic control.

6. How did Mussolini put an end to the conflict between the Pope and the king? Mussolini recognized the papacy if the Vatican city by the Latern Treaty of 1929. This ended theconflict between the Pope and the government.



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7. Write a brief note on Munch Agreement. An agreement was signed between Hitler and Neville Chamberlain, the Prime Minister ofGreat Britain at Munich in 1938. Hitler violated this agreement and annexed the whole ofCzechoslovakia.

8. Why did America declare war on Japan?The disastrous attack by the Japanese over American fleet stationed at Pearl Harbour on

Dec 7,1914 forced America to declare war on Japan.

9. What were the main objectives of UNO?(a) To maintain Inernational Peace and Security.(b) To develop friendly relations among nations.(c) To settle international disputes by Peace.(d) To help nations to achieve these goals.

10. What is the significance of Euro?Euro eliminated foreign exchange hurdles encountered by companies doing business across

European border and Promotes free trade policy.

11. What was the immediate cause for the revolt of 1857? It was believed that the grease used in cartridges of new Enfiled Rifles had the fat of cow andpig. A young Indian sepoy named Mangal Pandey was forced to use the cartridges by a Britishsergeant. Mangal Pandey shot the sergeant and so he was arrested and executed. This newsspread and many sepoys revolted.

12. Mention the importance of Queen Victoria’s Proclamation. It described as ‘Magna Carta’ of India.(a) It confirmed the earlier treaties of the East India company with the Indian Princes.(b) It promises to safeguard the ancient rites and customs of India.(c) It granted general pardon to all offenders except those murdered British subjects.(d) It aroused national feelings among the people.

13. Write the main principles of the Theosophical society.To develop the principles of fraternity, to study the ancient religions, Philosophy and science,

to find out the loss of nature and development of Divine Power.

14. Mention the importance of Lucknow session.(a) The Moderates and the Extremists joined together.(b) The Congress and the Muslim League signed a pact to achieve self government.(c) Nehru met Gandhiji here.

15. Why do we call Periyar as Vaikam Hero? The People of downtrodden Community were Prohibited to enter into the temple at Vaikam inkerala. Periyar led the famous Sathya Graha in 1924 forcing the government to allow people into thetemple.



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GEOGRAPHY1. What are the main physical division of India?

(i)Northern Mountain (ii)Northern Great Plains(iii)Peninsular Plateaus (iv) Coastal Plains (v) Island

2. Name the Island belonging to India.Andaman and Nicobar Islands - Bay of Bengal - Lakshadweep - Arabian Sea

3. Name the factors determining the Climate of India.(i) Latitude (ii) Altitude (iii) Distance from the Sea (iv) Wind (v) Position of Mountain

4. What is meant by ‘Monsoon Burst’?When South West Monsoon approach the Southern part of Kerala, they give rain with violent

thunderstorms and lightning. This is called ‘Monsoon Burst’.

5. What is meant by ‘Natural Resource’?All materials obtained from the nature to satisfy our daily needs.

6. What are the major determinant factors of Agriculture?(i)Land form (ii)Climate (iii)Soil type (iv)Water

7. What are Plantation Crops?(i)Tea (ii)Coffee (iii)Rubber

8. Define Manufacturing.The Method of processing raw material into finished product.

9. What are the factors that determine the location of an Industry?Raw materials, Power, Transport, Market and Government Policies.

10. What is Biodiversity?The degree of variation of life forms within a given Eco system.

11. What is Trade?Trade : The process of buying, selling or exchanging goods, and services.Types : 1. Internal Trade : It is carried out within the domestic territory of a country aiming nation’s

currency. 2. International Trade: It is carried out between two or more countries aiming foregn currency

12. State the merits of pipeline Transport .Pipelines can be laid through difficult terrain as well as underwater maintenance cost is low. Lowconsumption of energy. Steady Supply.

13. Mention the basic compounds of remote sensing.

Target, energy source, transmission path and a sensor.

14. What is water pollution?

Water pollution is any chemical, physical or biological change in the quality of water.



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DISTINGUISH BETWEEN THE FOLLOWINGS.

1. WESTERN GHATS EASTERN GHATSThey are continuous range of hills. They are a Series of intersected hills.They are between Tapit Valley and They are between Orissa and TamilNadu.Kanyakumari.The Highest Peak is AnaiMudi. The Highest Peak is MehendraGiri.

2. SOUTH WEST MANSOON NORTH EAST MONSOONThe wind blows from ocean to land The wind blows from land to oceanThe period is between June to September The period is between October to November.It gives rain to western coastal region. It gives rain to Coromantal coast.

3. RENEWABLE RESOURCE NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCEThe Resources that can be reproduce The resources that cannot be replaced afteragain and again. utiliztion.E.g: Sunlight, Air and water. E.g: Mineral. and fossil Fuel.

4. LAND POLLUTION WATER POLLUTIONContamination by dumping waste matter. Any chemical, physical and biological change

in the quality of water.E.g: Breakage of underground Storage E.g: Bacteria, Viruses, Wormstank application of pesticides, Industrialwaste etc...

5. EXPORT IMPORTGoods and Services sold for foreign Goods and services bought from overseascurrency producers.India export 7500 goods to 190 countries India import 6000 goods from 140 countries.

6. Weather ClimateWeather is a day to day conditions of Climate is the average state of weather for a longeratmosphere period.Weather will change Climate will not change

7. Internal trade International TradeCarried within the country Carried on between two or more countriesBased on the nation’s currency Based on the foreign currency

8. Airways Water WaysQuickest means of transport Cheapest means of transportUse of fuel is very high Use of fuel is low.

HistoryAnswer The Question Given Under HeadingThe Mount Battern Plan1. Who became the Governor General of India in 1947? Lord Mount Battern2. Who was the last British Governor General ? Lord Mount Battern3. What was Mount Battern Plan? India had to be divided into Indian Union

and the Pakistan Union.4. What was the reaction of the congress and Muslim League?



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Both the congress and the muslim League accepted this plan.Franklin D. Roosevelt1. When was the presidential election held? - 19322. How was the franklin D. Roosevelt commonly known as ? -FDR3. What was his Menifesto? - I Pledge you. I Pledge Myself to a New Deal for the American.4. Name the Policy formulated by him? - ‘New Deal’

Adolf Hitler1. Where was Adolf Hitler born? - Austria2. What was his Father? - Custom Officer3. What did he organize? - Nazism4. Name the book written by Hitler? - Mein Kempf (My Struggle)

Revolt at Central India1. Who led the revolt of Central India? - Rani Lakshmi Bai2. Name the place captured by Rani Lakshmi Bai? - Gwalior3. What was her end? - She was killed in Battle.4. What did Tantia Tope do? - He escaped but captured and hanged.

DR. B. R. AMBEDHKAR1. Who is the Messiah of Dalits and downtrodden? - DR.B.R. AMBEDHKAR2. Who was the first Law Minister of India? - DR.B.R. AMBEDHKAR3. How was he honoured by the Government of India? - By Bharat Ratna Award4. Why did he lead the Mahad March near Bombay? - To give the Untouchables the right to drew water

from Public Tank the ‘Mahad’ Publicly

Jallianwala Bagh Tragedy1. Who were the prominent leaders arrested? - Dr. Satyapal & Dr. Saifuddin Kitchlew2. Where did the people gather? - Jallianwala Bagh3. Who was the British Military Commander of Amritsar? - General Dyer.4. What did Rabindranath Tagore do? - Renounced his knighthood Award

K.KAMARAJ1. How did he enter into politics? - By taking part in Vaikam Satyagraha in 19242. Where was he kept in prison? - Alipur3. Where did he hoist the Indian National Flag in 1947? - SatyaMurthy’s house4. Where did he die? - Oct 2, 1975

Paragraph Answer:-1. Non - Co peratiopn Movement :

First stage (1920) - Renounced titles and honours from the BritishSecond stage (1921) - hartals and boycottsThird stage (1922) - Non - Payment of taxes, chauri chaura incident happend



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2. 1857 - The results of the Great Revolt.1. India administration was taken over by the Queen of England.2. Granted general pardon to all offenders3. It promised to pay due regard was given to the ancient rites and customs.4. The revolt aroused national feelings among the people5. Lord canning become the first Viceroy.

II Round Table Conferences:-1. First Round Table Conference was held in London in 1930. Gandhi - Irwin pact was

signed.2. Second Round Table Conference was held in London in 1931. Gandhiji attended.3. No solution.4. Third Round table conference was held in London on 1932. It ended in failure without

Indian participation.III Unity in Diversity:

1. India has the highest peak and the lowest coastal plains.2. India receives the highest amount of rainfall in Cherrapunji and the lowest amount of

rainfall in Thar desert.3. India has wet forest and dry vegetation.4. India’s environments and climate is an ideal habitat for varieties of flora and fauna.5. India is a secular country and has different religions.6. Amidst all, People shed differences and stand together in diversity.

IV. Rain Water Harvesting:-1. India gets seasonal rainfall and it is necessary to save the rain water and utilize

whenever required.2. Allow rain water to get stored in to canals, ponds, lakes and dams.3. Arrange rooftop rainwater to get stored underneath ground in built - reservoirs and

use by pumping out on requirement.4. This helps to prevent surface run - off and yields better vegetation.

V Indian Roads:-1. Village Roads - Maintained by Village Panchayats and link nearby towns2. District Roads - Maintained by Corporations and Municipalities and link

towns with district headquarters.3. State Highways - Maintained by State Public works Departments and link

state capitals with district headquarters.4. National Highways - Maintained by Central Public works Departments and

link state capitals with national capitals.

5. Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways - It is of Six lanes super highways

and North - South corridor ensuring connectivity, speed and safety.

VI Importance of forests.

1. They provide valuable timber for domestic and commercial use.

2. They supply Lac, Gums, Resins, Medicines and Herbs



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3. They help in dairy farming

4. They earn foreign exchange

5. They control air pollution.

6. They maintain underground water table.

VII SAARC

1. SAARC is to maintain peace in regional level

2. Members - India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan and

Maldives.

3. They mutually co-operate in transportation, postal service, tourism, shipping, health,

agriculture, etc....

VIII The Rights of Consumers

1. The right to be protected against the hazardous goods and services.

2. The right to know the quality, quantity, purity, standard and price of goods.

3. The right to seek redressed against unfair trade and practices.

4. The right to access information from public bodies with the help of RIGHT TO

INFORMATION ACT 2005.

IX Methods of Calculating National Income.

1. Product method : It is calculated on the total value of all goods and services produced

in a country.

2. Income method : It is calculated on the income and payments received by all the

people in the country.

3. Expenditure method : It is calculated on the expenditure of all people on consumer

goods, investment and savings.

X Green Revolution:

1. The Indian Council Agriculture Research introduced in 1967

2. It means increasing production by High Yielding Variety (HYV) Seeds with the help of

regular supply of water and fertilizers.

3. This enabled India in producing self sufficient food.

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CIVICS1. Why the world peace is essential?

To live peaceful life, to prevent Third World War, To grow humanism and to make betterfuture.

2. Give Abraham Lincoln’s definition of Democracy.“ Democracy is a Government of the people, By the people and for the people”.

3. Name some of the religion of India.Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Sikhism, Buddhism, Jainism.

4. What is COPRA?(a) This is known as ‘ Consumer Protection Act’(b) This act was passed in 1986.(c) This is aimed at redressing the grievances of consumer.(d) This is also regarded as the Magna Carta of consumers.

ECONOMICS1. What is per capital income?

It is obtained by dividing the national income by the population of the country.

2. What is national income? A measure of total value of goods and services produced over a period of 12 months.

3. What is mixed economy? The Co-existence of public and private sectors.

4. Write any three objectives of Eleventh five year plan.

1. To abolish poverty

2. Larger employment opportunities

3. To develop rural infrastructure.



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13. ÍM¬íMù£™ à‡ì£°‹ F², è¼M¡ õ÷˜„C‚° á†ì‹ ÜO‚èõ™ô¶. (¬ê«è£†, Å™å†´ˆFR, vÃ†ªì™ô‹, è¼×‡)M¬ì : è¼×‡M¬ì : è¼×‡M¬ì : è¼×‡M¬ì : è¼×‡M¬ì : è¼×‡



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14. è¼¾Ÿø ÅŸ¬ð, èQ Ý°‹. å¼ ñôK¡ ðô Þ¬íò£î Åôè Þ¬ôèœ ªè£‡ì «ñ™ñ†ì„ÅŸ¬ðJL¼‰¶ à¼õ£°‹ èQ

(FóœèQ, Ã†´‚èQ, îQ‚èQ, ðôèQ) M¬ì : FóœèQM¬ì : FóœèQM¬ì : FóœèQM¬ì : FóœèQM¬ì : FóœèQ

15. ñ£ƒèQ, è™«ð£¡ø èQ â¡ø¬ö‚èŠð´Aø¶. ãªùQ™ Þî¡ (ªõOˆ«î£™, «î£™ «ð£¡ø¶;ï´ˆ«î£™ è™ «ð£¡ø¶; àœ«î£™ ê¬îŠðŸÁœ÷¶; àœ«î£™ è®ùñ£ù¶.)M¬ì : àœ«î£™ è®ùñ£ù¶M¬ì : àœ«î£™ è®ùñ£ù¶M¬ì : àœ«î£™ è®ùñ£ù¶M¬ì : àœ«î£™ è®ùñ£ù¶M¬ì : àœ«î£™ è®ùñ£ù¶

16. àí˜ e¬ê «ó£ñƒèœ è£íŠð´‹ Môƒ°(ªõ÷õ£™, ò£¬ù, ñ£¡, Ì¬ù)M¬ì : Ì¬ùM¬ì : Ì¬ùM¬ì : Ì¬ùM¬ì : Ì¬ùM¬ì : Ì¬ù

17. ò£¬ùJ¡ î‰îƒèœ ___________ ð™L¡ ñ£Áð£´ Ý°‹.(ªõ†´‹ ðŸèœ, ªè£P‚°‹ ðŸèœ, èìõ£ŒŠ ðŸèœ, «ñô‡í‹)M¬ì : ªõ†´‹ ðŸèœM¬ì : ªõ†´‹ ðŸèœM¬ì : ªõ†´‹ ðŸèœM¬ì : ªõ†´‹ ðŸèœM¬ì : ªõ†´‹ ðŸèœ

18. ñQîQ¡ êó£êK àì™ ªõŠðG¬ô(98.4°F - 98.6°F, 96.6°F - 96.8°F, 94.4 - 98.6°F, 98.4°F - 99.6°F)M¬ì : M¬ì : M¬ì : M¬ì : M¬ì : 98.4°F - 98.6°F

19. ßv†®¡ è£ŸP™ô£„ ²õ£êˆFù£™ à‡ì£õ¶(ô£‚®‚ ÜIô‹, ¬ð¼M‚ Ükpô‹; âˆîù£™; ÜC®‚ ÜIô‹)M¬ì : âˆîù£™M¬ì : âˆîù£™M¬ì : âˆîù£™M¬ì : âˆîù£™M¬ì : âˆîù£™

20. îŸê£˜g[ á†ìº¬ø‚°ˆ «î¬õŠð´õ¶O2 ñŸÁ‹ c˜, ð„¬êò‹, ÅKò åO, Þ¬õ Ü¬ùˆ¶‹M¬ì : Þ¬õ Ü¬ùˆ¶‹M¬ì : Þ¬õ Ü¬ùˆ¶‹M¬ì : Þ¬õ Ü¬ùˆ¶‹M¬ì : Þ¬õ Ü¬ùˆ¶‹M¬ì : Þ¬õ Ü¬ùˆ¶‹

21. ð²¬ñ «õFJòLù£™ à‡ì£°‹ ªð£¼À‚° â´ˆ¶‚è£†´H÷£v®‚, è£Aî‹, àJK H÷£v®‚, «ýôü¡ ²õ£¬ô °¬øŠð£¡M¬ì : àJK H÷£v®‚M¬ì : àJK H÷£v®‚M¬ì : àJK H÷£v®‚M¬ì : àJK H÷£v®‚M¬ì : àJK H÷£v®‚

22. î£õóƒèO™ ¬êôˆF¡ ðE (c¬ó èìˆ¶î™, àí¬õ èìˆ¶î™, ÜI«ù£ ÜIôˆ¬îèìˆ¶î™, Ý‚Rü¬ù èìˆ¶î™)M¬ì : c¬ó èìˆ¶î™M¬ì : c¬ó èìˆ¶î™M¬ì : c¬ó èìˆ¶î™M¬ì : c¬ó èìˆ¶î™M¬ì : c¬ó èìˆ¶î™

23. èÁŠ¹ˆîƒè‹ â¡ø¬ö‚èŠð´õ¶(¬ý®«ó£ è£˜ð¡èœ, èK, ªð†«ó£Lò‹, ßî˜) M¬ì : ªð†«ó£Lò‹M¬ì : ªð†«ó£Lò‹M¬ì : ªð†«ó£Lò‹M¬ì : ªð†«ó£Lò‹M¬ì : ªð†«ó£Lò‹

24. ð®ñ âKªð£¼À‚° â´ˆ¶‚è£†´ (î£Ió‹, Þ¼‹¹, ñ‚mCò‹, èK)M¬ì : èKM¬ì : èKM¬ì : èKM¬ì : èKM¬ì : èK

25. â¶ F¼‹ð ªðø Þòô£î õ÷‹?(èK, ªð†«ó£Lò‹, ÞòŸ¬è õ£», Ü¬ùˆ¶‹) M¬ì : Ü¬ùˆ¶‹M¬ì : Ü¬ùˆ¶‹M¬ì : Ü¬ùˆ¶‹M¬ì : Ü¬ùˆ¶‹M¬ì : Ü¬ùˆ¶‹

26. ÞòŸ¬è õ£»M™ è£íŠð´‹ ºî¡¬ñò£ù ªð£¼œ(ßˆ«î¡, eˆ«î¡, ¹«ó£«ð¡, HÎl;«ì¡ M¬ì : eˆ«î¡M¬ì : eˆ«î¡M¬ì : eˆ«î¡M¬ì : eˆ«î¡M¬ì : eˆ«î¡

II W›‚è‡ì Mù£‚èÀ‚W›‚è‡ì Mù£‚èÀ‚W›‚è‡ì Mù£‚èÀ‚W›‚è‡ì Mù£‚èÀ‚W›‚è‡ì Mù£‚èÀ‚°°°°° M¬ìòO: M¬ìòO: M¬ìòO: M¬ìòO: M¬ìòO:

1. ð£ó‹ðKò‹ ê£˜‰î Cô º‚Aò ªê£Ÿ°PŠ¹èœ W«ö ªè£´‚èŠð†´œ÷ù. ÜõŸÁœ àKòõŸ¬ø«î˜‰ªî´ˆ¶ â¿¶è.

Ü. ____________ è£óEèœ ÞòŸHò™ ê£˜‰î ð£ó‹ðKò è£óEèœÝ°‹.

M¬ì : Ü. p¡M¬ì : Ü. p¡M¬ì : Ü. p¡M¬ì : Ü. p¡M¬ì : Ü. p¡

Ý. ____________ â¡ð¶ å«ó pQ¡ ñ£ŸÁ ªõOŠð£´ Ý°‹.

M¬ì : Ý. Ü™h™M¬ì : Ý. Ü™h™M¬ì : Ý. Ü™h™M¬ì : Ý. Ü™h™M¬ì : Ý. Ü™h™



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Þ. ____________ â¡ð¶ Ü™h™èÀ¬ìò âF˜Šð‡ð¬ñŠ¹ Ý°‹.

(Ü™h™, ñ£Áð£´èœ, CŸPùñ£î™, p¡, Ü™L«ô£ ñ£˜Š¹èœ)

M¬ì : Ü™L«ô£ ñ£˜Š¹èœM¬ì : Ü™L«ô£ ñ£˜Š¹èœM¬ì : Ü™L«ô£ ñ£˜Š¹èœM¬ì : Ü™L«ô£ ñ£˜Š¹èœM¬ì : Ü™L«ô£ ñ£˜Š¹èœ

2. ÝFñQî¡ ºî™ îŸè£ô ñQî¡ õ¬ó ªè£´‚èŠð†ì ñQî Þùƒè¬÷ õK¬êŠð´ˆî¾‹.

(Gò£‡ì˜ î£™ ñQî¡, «ý£«ñ£ ªýHLv, «ý£«ñ£ âó‚ìv, Gò£‡ì˜î£™ ñQî¡,«ý£«ñ£ ªêHò¡)

M¬ì :M¬ì :M¬ì :M¬ì :M¬ì : «ý£«ñ£ ªýHLv, «ý£«ñ£ âó‚ìv, Gò£‡ì˜î£™ ñQî¡,«ý£«ñ£ ªýHLv, «ý£«ñ£ âó‚ìv, Gò£‡ì˜î£™ ñQî¡,«ý£«ñ£ ªýHLv, «ý£«ñ£ âó‚ìv, Gò£‡ì˜î£™ ñQî¡,«ý£«ñ£ ªýHLv, «ý£«ñ£ âó‚ìv, Gò£‡ì˜î£™ ñQî¡,«ý£«ñ£ ªýHLv, «ý£«ñ£ âó‚ìv, Gò£‡ì˜î£™ ñQî¡,«ý£«ñ£ªêHò¡«ý£«ñ£ªêHò¡«ý£«ñ£ªêHò¡«ý£«ñ£ªêHò¡«ý£«ñ£ªêHò¡

3. å«ó ñ£FKò£ù Þó†¬ìò˜èœ, °«ó£«ñ£«ê£k; Ü¬ñŠH½‹ åˆF¬ê‰îõ˜èœ. W«ö °PŠH†ì¬õè¬÷î°‰î ªê™ ªè£‡´ º¿¬ñŠð´ˆ¶è.

Ü. å«ó ñ£FKò£ù Þó†¬ìò˜èœ ____________

(ÞòŸ¬èò£ù Þó†¬ìò˜èœ / á‚°M‚èŠðì Þó†¬ìò˜èœ)

M¬ì : ÞòŸ¬èò£ù Þó†¬ìò˜èœM¬ì : ÞòŸ¬èò£ù Þó†¬ìò˜èœM¬ì : ÞòŸ¬èò£ù Þó†¬ìò˜èœM¬ì : ÞòŸ¬èò£ù Þó†¬ìò˜èœM¬ì : ÞòŸ¬èò£ù Þó†¬ìò˜èœ

Ý. å«ó ñ£FKò£ù Þó†¬ìò˜èœ _____________

(ntWghLfSld; fhzg;gLgth; / xnu khjphpahd mikg;g[ cilath;fs;)

M¬ì : å«ó ñ£FKò£ù Ü¬ñŠ¹ à¬ìòõ˜èœM¬ì : å«ó ñ£FKò£ù Ü¬ñŠ¹ à¬ìòõ˜èœM¬ì : å«ó ñ£FKò£ù Ü¬ñŠ¹ à¬ìòõ˜èœM¬ì : å«ó ñ£FKò£ù Ü¬ñŠ¹ à¬ìòõ˜èœM¬ì : å«ó ñ£FKò£ù Ü¬ñŠ¹ à¬ìòõ˜èœ

4. Ü. ¬õ†ìI¡èœ Ý. °¬øð£´èœ- Þ. «ï£Œ ÜP°Pè¬÷Š ªð£¼ˆ¶è.

Ü Ý Þ

¬õ†ìI¡èœ °¬øð£†´ «ï£Œèœ «ï£Œ ÜP°Pèœ

¬õ†ìI¡ A G‚«ì£«ô£Hò£ ñ£¬ô‚è‡

¬õ†ìI¡ B vè˜M ïó‹¹‚ °¬øð£´

¬õ†ìI¡ C K‚è†v ðŸèO™ Þóˆî‚ èC¾

¬õ†ìI¡ D Þóˆî‚èC¾ â½‹¹èO™ è£™Cò‹ °¬ø¾

¬õ†ìI¡ K ªðK ªðK Þóˆî‹ à¬øî™ °¬øð£´

A B C¬õ†ìI¡ A G‚«ì£«ô£Hò£ ñ£¬ô‚è‡

M¬ì: ¬õ†ìI¡ B ªðK ªðK ïó‹¹‚ °¬øð£´

¬õ†ìI¡ C vè˜M ðŸèO™ Þóˆî‚ èC¾

¬õ†ìI¡ D K‚è†v â½‹¹èO™ è£™Cò‹ °¬ø¾

¬õ†ìI¡ K Þóˆî‚èC¾ Þóˆî‹ à¬øî™ °¬øð£´

5. èMî£¾‚° ê£î£óíñ£è êO, èMî£Mì‹ c â¡ªù¡ù «èœMèœ «è†´ Þ‰«ï£Œ àœ÷¬îàÁF ªêŒõ£Œ?

Ü. ____________ Ý. _____________

M¬ì : Ü.Í‚AL¼‰¶ êO õ¼Aøî£? Ý. î¬ôõL, è£Œ„ê™ àœ÷î£?M¬ì : Ü.Í‚AL¼‰¶ êO õ¼Aøî£? Ý. î¬ôõL, è£Œ„ê™ àœ÷î£?M¬ì : Ü.Í‚AL¼‰¶ êO õ¼Aøî£? Ý. î¬ôõL, è£Œ„ê™ àœ÷î£?M¬ì : Ü.Í‚AL¼‰¶ êO õ¼Aøî£? Ý. î¬ôõL, è£Œ„ê™ àœ÷î£?M¬ì : Ü.Í‚AL¼‰¶ êO õ¼Aøî£? Ý. î¬ôõL, è£Œ„ê™ àœ÷î£?

6. W¿œ÷ ðìˆ¬î õ¬ó‰¶ ªè£´‚èŠð†´œ÷õŸP™ Þó‡´ ð£èƒè¬÷ °P‚è¾‹. (ªê™ àìô‹,Ý‚ú£¡, ªì‡†ó£¡, A¬÷ˆî º®¾ ð°Fèœ)



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M¬ì :M¬ì :M¬ì :M¬ì :M¬ì :

7. W«ö ªè£´‚èŠð†´œ÷ ñQî Í¬÷J™ H¡õ¼‹ ªêò™è¬÷‚ è†´Šð´ˆ¶‹ ð°Fèœ º¬ø«òÜ ñŸÁ‹ Ý â¡Á °P‚è.

Ü. ¸è˜î™ àí¼‹ ð°F Ý. ð£˜¬õ àí¼‹ ð°F

M¬ì:M¬ì:M¬ì:M¬ì:M¬ì:

8. ªî£ì˜H¡ Ü®Šð¬ìJ™ «è£®†ì Þìˆ¬î GóŠ¹è.

¬îó£‚R¡: ÝÀ¬ñ ý£˜«ñ£¡

Ü†gùL¡ ______________

M¬ì: Üõêó è£ô ý£˜«ñ£¡ (Ü™ô¶ ðø‚°‹ Ü™ô¶ ê‡¬ìM¬ì: Üõêó è£ô ý£˜«ñ£¡ (Ü™ô¶ ðø‚°‹ Ü™ô¶ ê‡¬ìM¬ì: Üõêó è£ô ý£˜«ñ£¡ (Ü™ô¶ ðø‚°‹ Ü™ô¶ ê‡¬ìM¬ì: Üõêó è£ô ý£˜«ñ£¡ (Ü™ô¶ ðø‚°‹ Ü™ô¶ ê‡¬ìM¬ì: Üõêó è£ô ý£˜«ñ£¡ (Ü™ô¶ ðø‚°‹ Ü™ô¶ ê‡¬ì ý£˜«ñ£¡ ý£˜«ñ£¡ ý£˜«ñ£¡ ý£˜«ñ£¡ ý£˜«ñ£¡)))))

9. W¿œ÷ ÃŸÁèœ îõø£è Þ¼ŠH¡ àKò ÃŸP¬ù â¿¶è.

Ü. Ý™ð£ ªê™èœ Þ¡²L¬ù àŸðˆF ªêŒA¡øù. d†ì£ ªê™èœ °À‚«è£è£¬ù àŸðˆFªêŒA¡øù.

Ý. è£˜†® «ï£Œ âF˜Š¹ î¡¬ñ¬ò °¬ø‚Aø¶.

Þ. ¬îñv ²óŠH å¼ Gíc˜ˆ ªî£°F

ß. Ü‡ìè‹ º†¬ìè¬÷»‹, Ý‡†«ó£ü¬ù»‹ àŸðˆF ªêŒAø¶.

M¬ì :M¬ì :M¬ì :M¬ì :M¬ì : Ü.Ü.Ü.Ü.Ü. Ý™ð£ ªê™èœ °ÀÝ™ð£ ªê™èœ °ÀÝ™ð£ ªê™èœ °ÀÝ™ð£ ªê™èœ °ÀÝ™ð£ ªê™èœ °Àf;f;f;f;f;«è£è£¬ù»‹, d†ì£ ªê™èœ Þ¡²L¬ù»‹ àŸðˆF«è£è£¬ù»‹, d†ì£ ªê™èœ Þ¡²L¬ù»‹ àŸðˆF«è£è£¬ù»‹, d†ì£ ªê™èœ Þ¡²L¬ù»‹ àŸðˆF«è£è£¬ù»‹, d†ì£ ªê™èœ Þ¡²L¬ù»‹ àŸðˆF«è£è£¬ù»‹, d†ì£ ªê™èœ Þ¡²L¬ù»‹ àŸðˆFªêŒA¡øù.ªêŒA¡øù.ªêŒA¡øù.ªêŒA¡øù.ªêŒA¡øù.

ß .ß .ß .ß .ß . Ü‡ìè‹ º†¬ìè¬÷»‹, Ü‡ìè‹ º†¬ìè¬÷»‹, Ü‡ìè‹ º†¬ìè¬÷»‹, Ü‡ìè‹ º†¬ìè¬÷»‹, Ü‡ìè‹ º†¬ìè¬÷»‹, <!;<!;<!;<!;<!;†«ó£ü¬ù»‹ àŸðˆF†«ó£ü¬ù»‹ àŸðˆF†«ó£ü¬ù»‹ àŸðˆF†«ó£ü¬ù»‹ àŸðˆF†«ó£ü¬ù»‹ àŸðˆF ªêŒA¡øù.ªêŒA¡øù.ªêŒA¡øù.ªêŒA¡øù.ªêŒA¡øù.

10. W¿œ÷ àKò å¿ƒ° Ü¬ñ¾ º¬øJ¬ùˆ «î˜‰ªî´‚è

Ü. ¬ê«è£¯¡ ªôŠ«ì£¯¡ ð£‚A¯¡ ®Š«÷£¯¡ ìò¬èªùC!;

Ý. ìò¬èªùCv ¬ê«è£¯¡ ªôŠ«ì£¯¡ ð£‚A¯¡ ®Š«÷£¯¡

Þ. ªôŠ«ì£¯¡ ¬ê«è£¯¡ ð£‚A¯¡ ®Š«÷£†¯¡ ìò¬èªùCv

M¬ì: ªôŠ«ì£¯¡M¬ì: ªôŠ«ì£¯¡M¬ì: ªôŠ«ì£¯¡M¬ì: ªôŠ«ì£¯¡M¬ì: ªôŠ«ì£¯¡ ¬ê«è£¯¡¬ê«è£¯¡¬ê«è£¯¡¬ê«è£¯¡¬ê«è£¯¡ ð£‚A¯¡ð£‚A¯¡ð£‚A¯¡ð£‚A¯¡ð£‚A¯¡ ®Š«÷£†¯¡®Š«÷£†¯¡®Š«÷£†¯¡®Š«÷£†¯¡®Š«÷£†¯¡ ìò¬èªùCvìò¬èªùCvìò¬èªùCvìò¬èªùCvìò¬èªùCv

Ü) ¸è˜î™Ü) ¸è˜î™Ü) ¸è˜î™Ü) ¸è˜î™Ü) ¸è˜î™ Ý) ð£˜¬õ Ý) ð£˜¬õ Ý) ð£˜¬õ Ý) ð£˜¬õ Ý) ð£˜¬õ

blz;l;uhd;

fpisj;j Kot[ gFjp



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11. Ü. ðì‹ A ñŸÁ‹ B¬ò Ü¬ìò£÷‹ è£‡è. (Diagram from text book Tamil Book, Tamil MediumPage)

Ý. A¡ â‰î ð£è‹ BÝè ñ£ÁAø¶. No.74, Q.No.11)

M¬ì : Ü. M¬ì : Ü. M¬ì : Ü. M¬ì : Ü. M¬ì : Ü. A Åôè õ†ì‹Åôè õ†ì‹Åôè õ†ì‹Åôè õ†ì‹Åôè õ†ì‹ B èQèQèQèQèQÝ. Ý. Ý. Ý. Ý. A-¡ ÅôèŠ¬ð Ýù¶ èQ ¡ ÅôèŠ¬ð Ýù¶ èQ ¡ ÅôèŠ¬ð Ýù¶ èQ ¡ ÅôèŠ¬ð Ýù¶ èQ ¡ ÅôèŠ¬ð Ýù¶ èQ BÝAø¶.ÝAø¶.ÝAø¶.ÝAø¶.ÝAø¶.

12. àJKùƒèÀ‹ ÜõŸP¡ ÞùŠªð¼‚è º¬øèÀ‹ ªè£´‚èŠð†´œ÷ù. ÞùŠªð¼‚èº¬øè¬÷ ÜîŸ°Kò àJKùƒè«÷£´ ªð£¼ˆ¶è.

H÷ˆî™ v¬ð«ó£¬èó£ ßv†

Ü¼‹¹î™ ¹«ó£†«ì£«ê£õ£¡èœ î†¬ìŠ¹¿‚èœ

¶‡ì£î™ H¬ó«ò£çH™ô‹ ð£‚¯Kòƒèœ


H÷ˆî™H÷ˆî™H÷ˆî™H÷ˆî™H÷ˆî™ ¹«ó£†«ì£«ê£õ£¡èœ¹«ó£†«ì£«ê£õ£¡èœ¹«ó£†«ì£«ê£õ£¡èœ¹«ó£†«ì£«ê£õ£¡èœ¹«ó£†«ì£«ê£õ£¡èœ ð£‚¯Kòƒèœð£‚¯Kòƒèœð£‚¯Kòƒèœð£‚¯Kòƒèœð£‚¯Kòƒèœ

Ü¼‹¹î™Ü¼‹¹î™Ü¼‹¹î™Ü¼‹¹î™Ü¼‹¹î™ H¬ó«ò£çH™ô‹H¬ó«ò£çH™ô‹H¬ó«ò£çH™ô‹H¬ó«ò£çH™ô‹H¬ó«ò£çH™ô‹ ßv†ßv†ßv†ßv†ßv†

¶‡ì£î™¶‡ì£î™¶‡ì£î™¶‡ì£î™¶‡ì£î™ v¬ð«ó£¬èó£v¬ð«ó£¬èó£v¬ð«ó£¬èó£v¬ð«ó£¬èó£v¬ð«ó£¬èó£ î†¬ìŠ¹¿‚èœî†¬ìŠ¹¿‚èœî†¬ìŠ¹¿‚èœî†¬ìŠ¹¿‚èœî†¬ìŠ¹¿‚èœ

13. ªè£´‚èŠð†´œ÷ ðìˆ¬î õ¬ó‰¶ W¿œ÷ ð£èƒè¬÷‚ °P‚è¾‹

Ü. â‚¬ê¡ Ý. °ö£Œ GÎ‚Oòv


14. åŸÁ¬ñJ¡ Ü®Šð¬ìJ™ èz;ìPè.

FIƒèô‹ : ðh¡ îè´èœ ªõ÷õ£™ : _____________

M¬ì : º¡¬èèœ Cøè£è ñ£ŸøŠð†´œ÷¶.M¬ì : º¡¬èèœ Cøè£è ñ£ŸøŠð†´œ÷¶.M¬ì : º¡¬èèœ Cøè£è ñ£ŸøŠð†´œ÷¶.M¬ì : º¡¬èèœ Cøè£è ñ£ŸøŠð†´œ÷¶.M¬ì : º¡¬èèœ Cøè£è ñ£ŸøŠð†´œ÷¶.

15. «è£®†ìõŸ¬ø GóŠ¹è :

Þóˆî CõŠðμ Ý‚Rü¬ù â´ˆ¶„ ªê™Aø¶.

Þóˆî ªõœ¬÷òμ _______ M¬ì : «ï£Œ âF˜Š¹ ÝŸø¬ô ªè£´‚Aø¶.M¬ì : «ï£Œ âF˜Š¹ ÝŸø¬ô ªè£´‚Aø¶.M¬ì : «ï£Œ âF˜Š¹ ÝŸø¬ô ªè£´‚Aø¶.M¬ì : «ï£Œ âF˜Š¹ ÝŸø¬ô ªè£´‚Aø¶.M¬ì : «ï£Œ âF˜Š¹ ÝŸø¬ô ªè£´‚Aø¶.

Ü. â‚¬ê¡

Ý. °ö£Œ GÎ‚Oòv



8

16. àìL¡ ñ£vì˜ ªèIv† â¡Á CÁcóè‹ Ü¬ö‚èŠðÁø¶ è£óí‹

Ü. àìL™ ªðøŠð´‹ Ü¬ùˆ¶ «õFŠ ªð£¼œèÀ‹ CÁcóèˆF™ ªðøŠðÁø¶.

Ý. CÁcóè‹, ÞóˆîˆF¡ «õFŠªð£¼œèO¡ êñG¬ô¬òŠ «ðμAø¶.

Þ. CÁcóè‹, àìL™ ªðÁ‹ Ü¬ùˆ¶ «õFŠªð£¼œè¬÷»‹ ªõO«òŸÁAø¶.

ß. CÁcóè‹ àìL¡ Ü¬ùˆ¶ «õFŠªð£¼œè¬÷»‹ «êIˆ¶ ¬õˆ¶‚ ªè£œAø¶.

M¬ì: CÁcóè‹ ÞóˆîˆF¡ «õFŠªð£¼œèO¡ êñG¬ô¬òŠ «ðμAø¶.M¬ì: CÁcóè‹ ÞóˆîˆF¡ «õFŠªð£¼œèO¡ êñG¬ô¬òŠ «ðμAø¶.M¬ì: CÁcóè‹ ÞóˆîˆF¡ «õFŠªð£¼œèO¡ êñG¬ô¬òŠ «ðμAø¶.M¬ì: CÁcóè‹ ÞóˆîˆF¡ «õFŠªð£¼œèO¡ êñG¬ô¬òŠ «ðμAø¶.M¬ì: CÁcóè‹ ÞóˆîˆF¡ «õFŠªð£¼œèO¡ êñG¬ô¬òŠ «ðμAø¶.

17. A, B °PŠH†ì î£õóˆî‡®¡ õ£v°ô£˜ F²‚èO¡ ªðò˜è¬÷‚ °PŠH´è.

Ü. A ñŸÁ‹ B-¡ ªðò˜èœ

Ý. A ¡ õNò£è èìˆîŠð´‹ ªð£¼œèœ ò£¬õ?

Þ. B ¡ õNò£è èìˆîŠð´‹ ªð£¼œèœ ò£¬õ?


Ü. Ü. Ü. Ü. Ü. A. ¬êô‹¬êô‹¬êô‹¬êô‹¬êô‹ B ¹«÷£ò‹ ¹«÷£ò‹ ¹«÷£ò‹ ¹«÷£ò‹ ¹«÷£ò‹

Ý.Ý.Ý.Ý.Ý. c˜ ñŸÁ‹ ñ‡E¡ èQñŠ ªð£¼œèœc˜ ñŸÁ‹ ñ‡E¡ èQñŠ ªð£¼œèœc˜ ñŸÁ‹ ñ‡E¡ èQñŠ ªð£¼œèœc˜ ñŸÁ‹ ñ‡E¡ èQñŠ ªð£¼œèœc˜ ñŸÁ‹ ñ‡E¡ èQñŠ ªð£¼œèœ

Þ. åO„«ê˜‚¬è Íô‹ îò£K‚èŠð†ì àí¾Þ. åO„«ê˜‚¬è Íô‹ îò£K‚èŠð†ì àí¾Þ. åO„«ê˜‚¬è Íô‹ îò£K‚èŠð†ì àí¾Þ. åO„«ê˜‚¬è Íô‹ îò£K‚èŠð†ì àí¾Þ. åO„«ê˜‚¬è Íô‹ îò£K‚èŠð†ì àí¾èìˆîŠðÁø¶.èìˆîŠðÁø¶.èìˆîŠðÁø¶.èìˆîŠðÁø¶.èìˆîŠðÁø¶.

18. W«ö ªè£´‚èŠð†®¼‚°‹ ðìˆ¬î‚ èõQ‚è.

Ü. ðì‹ A ñŸÁ‹ B ™ è£íŠð´‹ Þò‚èƒè¬÷ °PŠH´è.

Ý. âšõ£Á ÞšMò‚èƒèœ ªî£†ì£™ CμƒA Þ¬ôèO¡Þò‚èƒèOL¼‰¶ «õÁðÁ¡øù?


Ü. Ü. Ü. Ü. Ü. A - ß˜Š¹ F¬ê ê£˜¹ Þò‚è‹ Þ¬õ õ÷˜„C ê£˜ Þò‚èƒèœß˜Š¹ F¬ê ê£˜¹ Þò‚è‹ Þ¬õ õ÷˜„C ê£˜ Þò‚èƒèœß˜Š¹ F¬ê ê£˜¹ Þò‚è‹ Þ¬õ õ÷˜„C ê£˜ Þò‚èƒèœß˜Š¹ F¬ê ê£˜¹ Þò‚è‹ Þ¬õ õ÷˜„C ê£˜ Þò‚èƒèœß˜Š¹ F¬ê ê£˜¹ Þò‚è‹ Þ¬õ õ÷˜„C ê£˜ Þò‚èƒèœ

B - åOF¬ê ê£˜¹ Þò‚è‹åOF¬ê ê£˜¹ Þò‚è‹åOF¬ê ê£˜¹ Þò‚è‹åOF¬ê ê£˜¹ Þò‚è‹åOF¬ê ê£˜¹ Þò‚è‹

Ý. ªî£†ì£™ CμƒA î£õóˆF¡ Þò‚è‹ õ÷˜„C ê£ó£ Þò‚è‹Ý. ªî£†ì£™ CμƒA î£õóˆF¡ Þò‚è‹ õ÷˜„C ê£ó£ Þò‚è‹Ý. ªî£†ì£™ CμƒA î£õóˆF¡ Þò‚è‹ õ÷˜„C ê£ó£ Þò‚è‹Ý. ªî£†ì£™ CμƒA î£õóˆF¡ Þò‚è‹ õ÷˜„C ê£ó£ Þò‚è‹Ý. ªî£†ì£™ CμƒA î£õóˆF¡ Þò‚è‹ õ÷˜„C ê£ó£ Þò‚è‹

19. ê˜‚è¬ó è¬óê™ Ý™èý£ô£è ñ£Ÿøñ¬ìAø¶.

Ü. «ñŸè‡ì ªêòL™ âˆî¬èò Gè›„C ï¬ìªðÁAø¶?

Ý. â‰î ¸‡μJK ß´ðÁø¶

M¬ì : Ü Þ‰Gè›„C è£ŸP™ô£ ²õ£ê‹ (ªï£Fˆî™) Ý°‹. Ý. ßv†M¬ì : Ü Þ‰Gè›„C è£ŸP™ô£ ²õ£ê‹ (ªï£Fˆî™) Ý°‹. Ý. ßv†M¬ì : Ü Þ‰Gè›„C è£ŸP™ô£ ²õ£ê‹ (ªï£Fˆî™) Ý°‹. Ý. ßv†M¬ì : Ü Þ‰Gè›„C è£ŸP™ô£ ²õ£ê‹ (ªï£Fˆî™) Ý°‹. Ý. ßv†M¬ì : Ü Þ‰Gè›„C è£ŸP™ô£ ²õ£ê‹ (ªï£Fˆî™) Ý°‹. Ý. ßv†

20. ñQîQ™ ²õ£ê è£Ÿø£ù¶ ________ (1) õNò£è _________ (2) ‚°œ ªê™Aø¶. e¡èO™_________ (3) õNò£è àì½‚°œ ªê¡Á, cK™ è¬ó‰¶œ÷ Ý‚Rü¡ _______ (4) ‚°œðó¾Aø¶.

M¬ì :M¬ì :M¬ì :M¬ì :M¬ì : 1. Í‚° 2. ¸¬ófó½‚°œ 3. õ£Œ1. Í‚° 2. ¸¬ófó½‚°œ 3. õ£Œ1. Í‚° 2. ¸¬ófó½‚°œ 3. õ£Œ1. Í‚° 2. ¸¬ófó½‚°œ 3. õ£Œ1. Í‚° 2. ¸¬ófó½‚°œ 3. õ£Œ4. ªê¾œ ð°FJ™ àœ÷ Þóˆî‚°ö£Œ4. ªê¾œ ð°FJ™ àœ÷ Þóˆî‚°ö£Œ4. ªê¾œ ð°FJ™ àœ÷ Þóˆî‚°ö£Œ4. ªê¾œ ð°FJ™ àœ÷ Þóˆî‚°ö£Œ4. ªê¾œ ð°FJ™ àœ÷ Þóˆî‚°ö£Œ



9

21. W¿œ÷ àí¾ êƒAL¬ò ð®ˆ¶ º¬øŠð´ˆF Üî¬ù ÝŸø™ HóIì£è ñ£ŸÁè ñ™ªðK °¼M è‹ðOŠÌ„C ð¼‰¶

M¬ì :M¬ì :M¬ì :M¬ì :M¬ì : ñ™ªðK è‹ðOŠÌ„C °¼M ð¼‰¶

22. ñ£P»œ÷ F¼‹ð ªðø Þò½‹ ñŸÁ‹ F¼‹ð ªðø Þòô£î õ÷ƒè¬÷ º¬øò£è ªð£¼ˆ¶è.

õ÷ƒèœ A B C

F¼‹ð ªðÁ‹ õ÷ƒèœ èK è£ŸÁ ªð†«ó£Lò‹

F¼‹ð ªðø Þòô£î õ÷ƒèœ ¬ý†óü¡ ÞòŸ¬è õ£» ÅKò åO ÝŸø™


õ÷ƒèœõ÷ƒèœõ÷ƒèœõ÷ƒèœõ÷ƒèœ A B C

F¼‹ð ªðÁ‹ õ÷ƒèœF¼‹ð ªðÁ‹ õ÷ƒèœF¼‹ð ªðÁ‹ õ÷ƒèœF¼‹ð ªðÁ‹ õ÷ƒèœF¼‹ð ªðÁ‹ õ÷ƒèœ ¬ý†óü¡¬ý†óü¡¬ý†óü¡¬ý†óü¡¬ý†óü¡ è£ŸÁè£ŸÁè£ŸÁè£ŸÁè£ŸÁ ÅKò åO ÝŸø™ÅKò åO ÝŸø™ÅKò åO ÝŸø™ÅKò åO ÝŸø™ÅKò åO ÝŸø™

F¼‹ð ªðø Þòô£î õ÷ƒèœF¼‹ð ªðø Þòô£î õ÷ƒèœF¼‹ð ªðø Þòô£î õ÷ƒèœF¼‹ð ªðø Þòô£î õ÷ƒèœF¼‹ð ªðø Þòô£î õ÷ƒèœ èKèKèKèKèK ÞòŸ¬è õ£»ÞòŸ¬è õ£»ÞòŸ¬è õ£»ÞòŸ¬è õ£»ÞòŸ¬è õ£» ªð†«ó£Lò‹ªð†«ó£Lò‹ªð†«ó£Lò‹ªð†«ó£Lò‹ªð†«ó£Lò‹

23.23.23.23.23. ªð£¼‰î£î¬î c‚°è.ªð£¼‰î£î¬î c‚°è.ªð£¼‰î£î¬î c‚°è.ªð£¼‰î£î¬î c‚°è.ªð£¼‰î£î¬î c‚°è.

Ü. àJK, Ý™èý£™, ð„¬ê ¯ê™, àJK ßî˜, ªð†«ó£Lò‹

Ý. è£ôó£, ¬ìçð£Œ´, ªê£P Cóƒ°, Yî«ðF

M¬ì : Ü. ªð†«ó£Lò‹M¬ì : Ü. ªð†«ó£Lò‹M¬ì : Ü. ªð†«ó£Lò‹M¬ì : Ü. ªð†«ó£Lò‹M¬ì : Ü. ªð†«ó£Lò‹ Ý. ªê£PCóƒ°Ý. ªê£PCóƒ°Ý. ªê£PCóƒ°Ý. ªê£PCóƒ°Ý. ªê£PCóƒ°

24. ÝŸø¬ô «êI‚è àî¾‹ ê£îùƒè¬÷ W›‚è‡ìõŸPL¼‰¶ «î˜‰ªî´‚è¾‹.

(åO¼‹ ð™¹èœ, î£Ió I¡Ü†¬ì, ÅKò c˜ Å«ìŸP, I¡c˜ Å«ìŸP, ìƒvì¡M÷‚°èœ, I¡ùμ I¡Ü†¬ì)

M¬ì : åO¼‹ M÷‚°èœ, ÅKò c˜ Å«ìŸP, I¡ùμ I¡ Ü†¬ìM¬ì : åO¼‹ M÷‚°èœ, ÅKò c˜ Å«ìŸP, I¡ùμ I¡ Ü†¬ìM¬ì : åO¼‹ M÷‚°èœ, ÅKò c˜ Å«ìŸP, I¡ùμ I¡ Ü†¬ìM¬ì : åO¼‹ M÷‚°èœ, ÅKò c˜ Å«ìŸP, I¡ùμ I¡ Ü†¬ìM¬ì : åO¼‹ M÷‚°èœ, ÅKò c˜ Å«ìŸP, I¡ùμ I¡ Ü†¬ì

«õFJò™«õFJò™«õFJò™«õFJò™«õFJò™

I W›‚è£μ‹ Mù£‚èÀ‚° M¬ìòOW›‚è£μ‹ Mù£‚èÀ‚° M¬ìòOW›‚è£μ‹ Mù£‚èÀ‚° M¬ìòOW›‚è£μ‹ Mù£‚èÀ‚° M¬ìòOW›‚è£μ‹ Mù£‚èÀ‚° M¬ìòO

1. ÅKò åO¸‹ õ°ŠH¡ ü¡ù™ õN«ò õ¼‹«ð£¶ Üî¡ ð£¬î ªîKõî¡ è£óí‹ ____________(HóFðLŠð£™ / Cîøô£™)

M¬ì : Cîøô£™M¬ì : Cîøô£™M¬ì : Cîøô£™M¬ì : Cîøô£™M¬ì : Cîøô£™

2. Ý›èì™ ºˆ¶‚°OŠðõ˜èœ ²õ£C‚èŠ ðò¡ð´ˆJ‹ õ£»‚èô¬õ ______.(qLò‹ - Ý‚Rü¡, Ý‚Rü¡ - ¬ï†óü¡)

M¬ì : qLò‹ - Ý‚Rü¡M¬ì : qLò‹ - Ý‚Rü¡M¬ì : qLò‹ - Ý‚Rü¡M¬ì : qLò‹ - Ý‚Rü¡M¬ì : qLò‹ - Ý‚Rü¡



10

3. Þó‡´ Fóõƒèœ å¡Pªô£¡Á è¬ó»ñ£ù£™ ÜˆFóõƒèœ _________ âùŠð´‹.

Þó‡ìø‚ èôŠð¬õ, Þó‡ìø‚ èôõ£î¬õ

M¬ì : Þó‡ìø‚ èôŠð¬õM¬ì : Þó‡ìø‚ èôŠð¬õM¬ì : Þó‡ìø‚ èôŠð¬õM¬ì : Þó‡ìø‚ èôŠð¬õM¬ì : Þó‡ìø‚ èôŠð¬õ

4. Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2

«ñŸÃPò M¬ù â‰î õ¬è M¬ù¬ò„ ê£˜‰î¶?

Ü. Ã´¬è M¬ù

Ý. Þó†¬ì ÞìŠªðò˜„C M¬ù

Þ. ÞìŠªðò˜„C M¬ù ß. C¬î¾Áî™ M¬ù

M¬ì : Þ. ÞìŠªðò˜„C M¬ùM¬ì : Þ. ÞìŠªðò˜„C M¬ùM¬ì : Þ. ÞìŠªðò˜„C M¬ùM¬ì : Þ. ÞìŠªðò˜„C M¬ùM¬ì : Þ. ÞìŠªðò˜„C M¬ù

5. ÜC†®‚ ÜIôˆF™ MQè˜ àœ÷¶. îJK™ àœ÷ ÜIô‹ _______

(ô£‚®‚ ÜIô‹, ì£˜ì£K‚ ÜIô‹)

M¬ì: ô£‚®‚ ÜIô‹M¬ì: ô£‚®‚ ÜIô‹M¬ì: ô£‚®‚ ÜIô‹M¬ì: ô£‚®‚ ÜIô‹M¬ì: ô£‚®‚ ÜIô‹

6. pH = - log10[H+]. å¼ è¬óêL™ ¬ý†óü¡ ÜòQJ¡ ªêP¾ 0.001 M âQ™, Üî¡ pH_____________ (3 / 11 / 14)

M¬ì : 3M¬ì : 3M¬ì : 3M¬ì : 3M¬ì : 3

7. «õF âKñ¬ô â¡ð¶ _______________

(Ã´¬è M¬ù / C¬î¾Áî™ M¬ù)

M¬ì : C¬î¾Áî™ M¬ùM¬ì : C¬î¾Áî™ M¬ùM¬ì : C¬î¾Áî™ M¬ùM¬ì : C¬î¾Áî™ M¬ùM¬ì : C¬î¾Áî™ M¬ù

8. ¹Fò îQñ õK¬ê Ü†ìõ¬íJ™ ªî£ì˜èÀ‹, ªî£°FèÀ‹ àœ÷ù. õK¬êèÀ‹, ªî£°FèÀ‹º¬ø«ò

Ü. A¬ìñ†ì ªî£ì˜èœ, ªêƒ°ˆ¶ õK¬êèœ (ªî£°Fèœ)

Ý. ªêƒ°ˆ¶ õK¬êèœ (ªî£°Fèœ) A¬ìñ†ì ªî£ì˜èœ.

M¬ì: Ü. A¬ìñ†ì ªî£ì˜èœ ªêƒ°ˆ¶ õK¬êèœ (ªî£°Fèœ)M¬ì: Ü. A¬ìñ†ì ªî£ì˜èœ ªêƒ°ˆ¶ õK¬êèœ (ªî£°Fèœ)M¬ì: Ü. A¬ìñ†ì ªî£ì˜èœ ªêƒ°ˆ¶ õK¬êèœ (ªî£°Fèœ)M¬ì: Ü. A¬ìñ†ì ªî£ì˜èœ ªêƒ°ˆ¶ õK¬êèœ (ªî£°Fèœ)M¬ì: Ü. A¬ìñ†ì ªî£ì˜èœ ªêƒ°ˆ¶ õK¬êèœ (ªî£°Fèœ)

9. ê™ç¬ð´ î£¶¬õ Üì˜ŠH‚èŠ ðò¡ð´‹ º¬ø _______

(¸¬ó IîŠ¹ º¬ø / ¹Mf˜Š¹ º¬ø)

M¬ì : ¸¬ó IîŠ¹ º¬øM¬ì : ¸¬ó IîŠ¹ º¬øM¬ì : ¸¬ó IîŠ¹ º¬øM¬ì : ¸¬ó IîŠ¹ º¬øM¬ì : ¸¬ó IîŠ¹ º¬ø

10. â‰î à«ô£è‹ ð£îóêˆ¶ì¡ «ê˜‰î£½‹ ÜîŸ° Þóê‚ èô¬õ â¡Á ªðò˜. ðŸ°Nè¬÷Ü¬ìŠðîŸ°Š ðò¡ð´‹ Þóê‚èô¬õ __________ (Ag-sn Þóê‚èô¬õ / Cu - Sn Þóê‚èô¬õ)

M¬ì: M¬ì: M¬ì: M¬ì: M¬ì: Ag-Sn Þóê‚ èô¬õ Þóê‚ èô¬õ Þóê‚ èô¬õ Þóê‚ èô¬õ Þóê‚ èô¬õ

11. îƒè‹ â¡ø îQññ£ù¶ «ê˜ññ£è‚ A¬ìŠð¶ Þ™¬ô. Þ¶ è£ŸÁ Ü™ô¶ c¼ì¡ M¬ù¹Kõ¶Þ™¬ô. Þ¶ ____________ G¬ôJ™ àœ÷¶.

(îQˆîG¬ô / «ê˜‰î G¬ô)

M¬ì : îQˆîG¬ôM¬ì : îQˆîG¬ôM¬ì : îQˆîG¬ôM¬ì : îQˆîG¬ôM¬ì : îQˆîG¬ô

12. Ü™¬è¡ °´‹ðˆF™ àœ÷ ºî™ «ê˜ñˆF¡ IUPAC ªðò˜ __________

(ßˆb¡, ßˆ¬î¡)

M¬ì: ßˆ¬î¡M¬ì: ßˆ¬î¡M¬ì: ßˆ¬î¡M¬ì: ßˆ¬î¡M¬ì: ßˆ¬î¡



11

13. ð‚IQvì˜ ¹™ô£K¡ ________________ ¡ ¹ø«õŸÁ¬ñ õ®õ‹

(¬ï†óü¡ / è£˜ð¡ / ê™çð˜)

M¬ì : è£˜ð¡M¬ì : è£˜ð¡M¬ì : è£˜ð¡M¬ì : è£˜ð¡M¬ì : è£˜ð¡

II. W›‚è£μ‹ Mù£‚èÀ‚° M¬ìòO:W›‚è£μ‹ Mù£‚èÀ‚° M¬ìòO:W›‚è£μ‹ Mù£‚èÀ‚° M¬ìòO:W›‚è£μ‹ Mù£‚èÀ‚° M¬ìòO:W›‚è£μ‹ Mù£‚èÀ‚° M¬ìòO:

1. «õFŠªð£¼œ è¬óFø¡ 25 C ªõŠðG¬ô

NaCl 36g

NaBr 95g

Nal 184g

«ñŸè‡ì Ü†ìõ¬íJL¼‰¶ cM˜ àí¼‹ à‡¬ñè¬÷ â¿¶è.

M¬ìM¬ìM¬ìM¬ìM¬ì ::::: 1) 100g î‡a˜ î‡a˜ î‡a˜ î‡a˜ î‡a˜ 36g «ê£®ò‹ °«÷£¬ó¬ì «ê£®ò‹ °«÷£¬ó¬ì «ê£®ò‹ °«÷£¬ó¬ì «ê£®ò‹ °«÷£¬ó¬ì «ê£®ò‹ °«÷£¬ó¬ì (NaCl) 2525252525°°°°°c ªõŠðG¬ôJ™ è¬óˆ¶ ªõŠðG¬ôJ™ è¬óˆ¶ ªõŠðG¬ôJ™ è¬óˆ¶ ªõŠðG¬ôJ™ è¬óˆ¶ ªõŠðG¬ôJ™ è¬óˆ¶ªîM†®ò è¬óê¬ô à¼õ£‚°‹ªîM†®ò è¬óê¬ô à¼õ£‚°‹ªîM†®ò è¬óê¬ô à¼õ£‚°‹ªîM†®ò è¬óê¬ô à¼õ£‚°‹ªîM†®ò è¬óê¬ô à¼õ£‚°‹

2)2 )2 )2 )2 ) 100g î‡a˜ î‡a˜ î‡a˜ î‡a˜ î‡a˜ 95g «ê£®ò‹ ¹«ó£¬ñ¬ì «ê£®ò‹ ¹«ó£¬ñ¬ì «ê£®ò‹ ¹«ó£¬ñ¬ì «ê£®ò‹ ¹«ó£¬ñ¬ì «ê£®ò‹ ¹«ó£¬ñ¬ì NaBr 25°°°°°c ªõŠðG¬ôJ™ è¬óˆ¶ ªõŠðG¬ôJ™ è¬óˆ¶ ªõŠðG¬ôJ™ è¬óˆ¶ ªõŠðG¬ôJ™ è¬óˆ¶ ªõŠðG¬ôJ™ è¬óˆ¶ªîM†®ò è¬óê¬ô à¼õ£‚°‹.ªîM†®ò è¬óê¬ô à¼õ£‚°‹.ªîM†®ò è¬óê¬ô à¼õ£‚°‹.ªîM†®ò è¬óê¬ô à¼õ£‚°‹.ªîM†®ò è¬óê¬ô à¼õ£‚°‹.

3 )3 )3 )3 )3 ) 100g î‡a˜ î‡a˜ î‡a˜ î‡a˜ î‡a˜ 184g «ê£®ò‹ Ü«ò£¬ì¬ì «ê£®ò‹ Ü«ò£¬ì¬ì «ê£®ò‹ Ü«ò£¬ì¬ì «ê£®ò‹ Ü«ò£¬ì¬ì «ê£®ò‹ Ü«ò£¬ì¬ì (Nal) 25°°°°°c ªõŠðG¬ôJ™ è¬óˆ¶ ªõŠðG¬ôJ™ è¬óˆ¶ ªõŠðG¬ôJ™ è¬óˆ¶ ªõŠðG¬ôJ™ è¬óˆ¶ ªõŠðG¬ôJ™ è¬óˆ¶ªîM†®ò è¬óê¬ô à¼õ£‚°‹.ªîM†®ò è¬óê¬ô à¼õ£‚°‹.ªîM†®ò è¬óê¬ô à¼õ£‚°‹.ªîM†®ò è¬óê¬ô à¼õ£‚°‹.ªîM†®ò è¬óê¬ô à¼õ£‚°‹.

2. ¬ï†óüQ¡ Íô‚ÃÁ G¬ø 28. Üî¡ Üμ G¬ø 14. ¬ï†óüQ¡ Üμ‚è†´ â‡¬í‚è£‡è.

M¬ì : Üμ‚è†´ â‡M¬ì : Üμ‚è†´ â‡M¬ì : Üμ‚è†´ â‡M¬ì : Üμ‚è†´ â‡M¬ì : Üμ‚è†´ â‡ ===== 21428

==epiw mQ

epiw TW_yf;

¬ï†óüQ¡ Üμ‚è†´ â‡. = ¬ï†óüQ¡ Üμ‚è†´ â‡. = ¬ï†óüQ¡ Üμ‚è†´ â‡. = ¬ï†óüQ¡ Üμ‚è†´ â‡. = ¬ï†óüQ¡ Üμ‚è†´ â‡. = 2

3. Cl â¡ð¶ °«÷£K¡ Üμ¬õ»‹, Cl2 â¡ð¶ °«÷£K¡ Íô‚Ã¬ø»‹ °PŠð¬õ âQ™Üμ‚èÀ‚°‹ Íô‚ÃÁèÀ‚°‹ àœ÷ «õÁð£´è¬÷ Ü†ìõ¬íŠð´ˆ¶è.


ÜμÜμÜμÜμÜμ Íô‚ÃÁÍô‚ÃÁÍô‚ÃÁÍô‚ÃÁÍô‚ÃÁ

1. Üμ â¡ð¶ H¬íŠ¹ø£ˆ¶èœ Íô‚ÃÁ â¡ð¶ H¬í¹Ÿø ¶èœ

2. Üμ â¡ð¶ îQˆ«î£, «ê˜‰«î£ Íô‚ÃÁ îQˆ¶‚ è£íŠð´‹è£íŠð´‹

4. ï¡° ªîK‰î Cô ªð£¼œèO¡ pH ñFŠ¹ W«ö ªè£´‚èŠð†´œ÷¶.

ªð£¼œ pH ñFŠ¹

Þóˆî‹ 7.4

ê¬ñò™ «ê£ì£ 8.2

MQè˜ 2.5

i†´ ðò¡ð£†´ Ü‹«ñ£Qò£ 12

Ü. â‰ªî‰îŠ ªð£¼œèœ ÜIôˆ î¡¬ñ à¬ìò¬õ?

Ý. â‰ªî‰îŠ ªð£¼œèœ è£óˆî¡¬ñ à¬ìò¬õ?

M¬ì:M¬ì:M¬ì:M¬ì:M¬ì: Ü.Ü.Ü.Ü.Ü. MQè˜ ÜIôˆî¡¬ñ à¬ìò¶MQè˜ ÜIôˆî¡¬ñ à¬ìò¶MQè˜ ÜIôˆî¡¬ñ à¬ìò¶MQè˜ ÜIôˆî¡¬ñ à¬ìò¶MQè˜ ÜIôˆî¡¬ñ à¬ìò¶



12

Ý.Ý.Ý .Ý .Ý . Þóˆî‹, ê¬ñò™«ê£ì£, i†´ ðò¡ð£†´ Ü‹«ñ£Qò£ è£óˆî¡¬ñÞóˆî‹, ê¬ñò™«ê£ì£, i†´ ðò¡ð£†´ Ü‹«ñ£Qò£ è£óˆî¡¬ñÞóˆî‹, ê¬ñò™«ê£ì£, i†´ ðò¡ð£†´ Ü‹«ñ£Qò£ è£óˆî¡¬ñÞóˆî‹, ê¬ñò™«ê£ì£, i†´ ðò¡ð£†´ Ü‹«ñ£Qò£ è£óˆî¡¬ñÞóˆî‹, ê¬ñò™«ê£ì£, i†´ ðò¡ð£†´ Ü‹«ñ£Qò£ è£óˆî¡¬ñªè£‡ì¶.ªè£‡ì¶.ªè£‡ì¶.ªè£‡ì¶.ªè£‡ì¶.

5. å¼ è¬óêL™ ¬ý†ó£‚R™ ÜòQJ¡ ªêP¾ 1.0 x 10-8 M. âQ™ pH ñFŠ¹ â¡ù?

M¬ì : POH = -log10 [OH-]POH = -log10 (1x10-8)POH = 8pH = 14 - POH

= 14 – 8 = pH = 6

6. Þ¼‹¹ ¶¼ŠH®Šð¶ õ£¬ô õ®cK™ ïì‚°ñ£? à¡ ðF½‚è£ù è£óíˆ¬î‚ ÃÁè.M¬ì :M¬ì :M¬ì :M¬ì :M¬ì : 1.ïì‚°‹ 2. ãªùQ™ è£ŸÁ ñŸÁ‹ c˜ àœ÷î£™ õ£¬ô õ®cK™ Þ¼‹¹1.ïì‚°‹ 2. ãªùQ™ è£ŸÁ ñŸÁ‹ c˜ àœ÷î£™ õ£¬ô õ®cK™ Þ¼‹¹1.ïì‚°‹ 2. ãªùQ™ è£ŸÁ ñŸÁ‹ c˜ àœ÷î£™ õ£¬ô õ®cK™ Þ¼‹¹1.ïì‚°‹ 2. ãªùQ™ è£ŸÁ ñŸÁ‹ c˜ àœ÷î£™ õ£¬ô õ®cK™ Þ¼‹¹1.ïì‚°‹ 2. ãªùQ™ è£ŸÁ ñŸÁ‹ c˜ àœ÷î£™ õ£¬ô õ®cK™ Þ¼‹¹

¶¼ŠH®ˆî™ ïì‚°‹.¶¼ŠH®ˆî™ ïì‚°‹.¶¼ŠH®ˆî™ ïì‚°‹.¶¼ŠH®ˆî™ ïì‚°‹.¶¼ŠH®ˆî™ ïì‚°‹.

7. Ü½IQò à«ô£è‚èô¬õ õ£Û˜FJ¡ ð£èƒèœ îò£K‚èŠ ðò¡ðÁø¶. ÜîŸè£ùè£óíƒè¬÷‚ Ãø¾‹.

M¬ì : 1. Þ«ôê£ù¶ 2. õL¬ñò£ù¶ 3. ÜKŠ¬ðˆî´Šð¶M¬ì : 1. Þ«ôê£ù¶ 2. õL¬ñò£ù¶ 3. ÜKŠ¬ðˆî´Šð¶M¬ì : 1. Þ«ôê£ù¶ 2. õL¬ñò£ù¶ 3. ÜKŠ¬ðˆî´Šð¶M¬ì : 1. Þ«ôê£ù¶ 2. õL¬ñò£ù¶ 3. ÜKŠ¬ðˆî´Šð¶M¬ì : 1. Þ«ôê£ù¶ 2. õL¬ñò£ù¶ 3. ÜKŠ¬ðˆî´Šð¶

8. «ê£î¬ù‚°ö£J™ ¬õ‚èŠð†´œ÷ ‘x’ â¡ø FìŠªð£¼¬÷ ÜC†®‚ ÜIôˆ¶ì¡ «ê˜ˆ¶Å´ð´ˆ¶‹«gh¶ (y) â¡ø GøñŸø, ñíñŸø õ£» ªõO õ¼Aø¶. Þ‰î õ£» ²‡í£‹¹ c¬óð£™ «ð£ô ñ£ŸÁAø¶. x ñŸÁ‹ y ¬ò‚ è‡´H®‚è. (ªðò˜ Ü™ô¶ õ£ŒŠð£´)M¬ì :M¬ì :M¬ì :M¬ì :M¬ì : x - «ê£®ò‹ è£˜ð«ù† (Ü™ô¶) «ê£®ò‹ ¬ð è£˜ð«ù†«ê£®ò‹ è£˜ð«ù† (Ü™ô¶) «ê£®ò‹ ¬ð è£˜ð«ù†«ê£®ò‹ è£˜ð«ù† (Ü™ô¶) «ê£®ò‹ ¬ð è£˜ð«ù†«ê£®ò‹ è£˜ð«ù† (Ü™ô¶) «ê£®ò‹ ¬ð è£˜ð«ù†«ê£®ò‹ è£˜ð«ù† (Ü™ô¶) «ê£®ò‹ ¬ð è£˜ð«ù†

y - â¡ð¶ è£˜ð¡¬ì Ý‚¬ú´ Ý°‹.â¡ð¶ è£˜ð¡¬ì Ý‚¬ú´ Ý°‹.â¡ð¶ è£˜ð¡¬ì Ý‚¬ú´ Ý°‹.â¡ð¶ è£˜ð¡¬ì Ý‚¬ú´ Ý°‹.â¡ð¶ è£˜ð¡¬ì Ý‚¬ú´ Ý°‹.

ÞòŸHò™ÞòŸHò™ÞòŸHò™ÞòŸHò™ÞòŸHò™

I. êKò£ù M¬ì¬òˆ «î˜‰ªî´ˆ¶ â¿¶è:-êKò£ù M¬ì¬òˆ «î˜‰ªî´ˆ¶ â¿¶è:-êKò£ù M¬ì¬òˆ «î˜‰ªî´ˆ¶ â¿¶è:-êKò£ù M¬ì¬òˆ «î˜‰ªî´ˆ¶ â¿¶è:-êKò£ù M¬ì¬òˆ «î˜‰ªî´ˆ¶ â¿¶è:-

1. æŒ¾ G¬ôJ½œ÷ èùñ£ù ªð£¼O¡ à‰î‹ ___________

a. Iè ÜFè‹ b. Iè‚ °¬ø¾ c. èN d. º®ML M¬ì : M¬ì : M¬ì : M¬ì : M¬ì : c. ²N²N²N²N²N2. W›‚è£μ‹ ÃŸÁèO™ å¼ ªð£¼O¡ G¬ø«ò£´ ªî£ì˜H™ô£î ÃŸ¬ø â¿¶è.

a. Þ¶ æ˜ Ü®Šð¬ì Ü÷¾b. Þ¶ ÞòŸHò™ îó£² ªè£‡´ Ü÷‚èŠðÁø¶.c. Þ¶ M™îó£² ªè£‡´ Ü÷‚èŠðÁø¶.M¬ì M¬ì M¬ì M¬ì M¬ì : c. Þ¶ M™îó£² ªè£‡´ Ü÷‚èŠðÁø¶.Þ¶ M™îó£² ªè£‡´ Ü÷‚èŠðÁø¶.Þ¶ M™îó£² ªè£‡´ Ü÷‚èŠðÁø¶.Þ¶ M™îó£² ªè£‡´ Ü÷‚èŠðÁø¶.Þ¶ M™îó£² ªè£‡´ Ü÷‚èŠðÁø¶.

3. ¹MŠðóŠH™ 50 A.A G¬ø»œ÷ ñQîQ¡ â¬ì ______________

(50 N, 35 N, 380 N, 490 N) M¬ì : M¬ì : M¬ì : M¬ì : M¬ì : 490 N4. àJKˆªî£N™¸†ð áC ñ¼‰¶è¬÷‚ °Oó„ ªêŒ»‹ °OKˆ ªî£N™¸†ð Ü¬ñŠ¹èœ __________

(qLò‹, ¬ï†óü¡, Ü‹«ñ£Qò£, °«÷£K¡) M¬ì : ¬ï†óü¡M¬ì : ¬ï†óü¡M¬ì : ¬ï†óü¡M¬ì : ¬ï†óü¡M¬ì : ¬ï†óü¡

5. 20 æ‹ I¡î¬ì»œ÷ è‹HJ™ 0.2 A I¡«ù£†ì‹ à¼õ£‚èˆ «î¬õŠð´‹ I¡ù¿ˆî«õÁð£´ ________

a. 100 v b. 4v c. 0.01v d. 40v

M¬ì M¬ì M¬ì M¬ì M¬ì b. 4v

6. A«ô£õ£† ñE â¡ð¶ _________¡ Üô° Ý°‹.

a. I¡ù¿ˆî «õÁð£´ b. I¡Fø¡ c. I¡ù£Ÿø™ d. I¡Ûl;ì‹

M¬ì M¬ì M¬ì M¬ì M¬ì : c. I¡ù£Ÿø™I¡ù£Ÿø™I¡ù£Ÿø™I¡ù£Ÿø™I¡ù£Ÿø™



13

7. åˆî è†´Šð£´èO™ __________ ðóŠ¹ ñŸøŠ ðóŠ¹è¬÷ Mì ÜFè ªõŠðˆ¬î à†èõÃø¶.

(ªõ‡¬ñ, ªê£óªê£óŠð£ù, è¼¬ñ, ñ…êœ)

M¬ì : è¼¬ñM¬ì : è¼¬ñM¬ì : è¼¬ñM¬ì : è¼¬ñM¬ì : è¼¬ñ

8. ÞòŸ¬è‚ èFKò‚èˆîQñˆF¡ Üμ â‡ ______________

(82ä Mì ÜFè‹, 82ä Mì‚ °¬ø¾,õ¬óòÁ‚èŠðìM™¬ô, °¬ø‰î¶ 92)

M¬ì : 82ä Mì ÜFè‹M¬ì : 82ä Mì ÜFè‹M¬ì : 82ä Mì ÜFè‹M¬ì : 82ä Mì ÜFè‹M¬ì : 82ä Mì ÜFè‹

9. Ý®J™ à¼õ£°‹ à¼õŠ ªð¼‚è‹ 1/3 âQ™, Ü‰î Ý®J¡ õ¬è

a. °N b. °M c. êñî÷‹ d. î†ì‚°M

M¬ì: M¬ì: M¬ì: M¬ì: M¬ì: b. °M°M°M°M°M

10. à«ô£è‚ èìˆFJ™ ð£»‹ I¡«ù£†ì‹ Üî¬ù„ ²ŸP _____ ä à¼õ£‚°‹.

a. ªõŠð‹ b. åO c. è£‰îŠ¹ô‹ d. â‰Fó M¬ê

M¬ì : M¬ì : M¬ì : M¬ì : M¬ì : c. è£‰îŠ¹ô‹è£‰îŠ¹ô‹è£‰îŠ¹ô‹è£‰îŠ¹ô‹è£‰îŠ¹ô‹

11. ð£˜¬õŠ ¹ô‹ ªð¼‹ Ü÷õ£è Ü¬ñõ¶a. êñî÷ Ý®J™ b. °Nò£®J™ c. °Mò£®J™ d. î†ì‚°M Ý®

M¬ì : M¬ì : M¬ì : M¬ì : M¬ì : c. °Mò£®J™°Mò£®J™°Mò£®J™°Mò£®J™°Mò£®J™

12. 10 ªêe °Mòˆ ªî£¬ô¾œ÷ °M ªô¡C™ Þ¼‰¶ 25 ªê.e. ªî£¬ôM™ ªð£¼œ ¬õ‚èŠðÁø¶.H‹ðˆF¡ ªî£¬ô¾ _______a. 50 ªê.e. b. 16.66 ªê.e c. 6.66 ªê.e. d. 10 ªê.e.M¬ì : M¬ì : M¬ì : M¬ì : M¬ì : b. 16.66 ªê.e.ªê.e.ªê.e.ªê.e.ªê.e.

II «è£®†ì Þìƒè¬÷ GóŠ¹è:-«è£®†ì Þìƒè¬÷ GóŠ¹è:-«è£®†ì Þìƒè¬÷ GóŠ¹è:-«è£®†ì Þìƒè¬÷ GóŠ¹è:-«è£®†ì Þìƒè¬÷ GóŠ¹è:-

1. Ü.M¬ê = G¬ø x º´‚è‹ âQ™ à‰î‹ ___________

M¬ì : G¬øM¬ì : G¬øM¬ì : G¬øM¬ì : G¬øM¬ì : G¬ø x F¬ê«õè‹F¬ê«õè‹F¬ê«õè‹F¬ê«õè‹F¬ê«õè‹

Ý. Fóõ ¬ý†óü¡ Þó£‚ªè†®™ ðò¡ðÁø¶ âQ™ ________ MRI ðì‹ H®ˆîL™ðò¡ðÁø¶. M¬ì : Fóõ qLò‹

2. Ü. «ñ£†ì£˜ : G¬ô‚ è£‰î‹, âQ™ õ£Eè º¬øJô£ù «ñ£†ì£˜ : _____ M¬ì : I¡è£‰î‹M¬ì : I¡è£‰î‹M¬ì : I¡è£‰î‹M¬ì : I¡è£‰î‹M¬ì : I¡è£‰î‹Ý. °Mòˆ ªî£¬ôM: e†ì˜, âQ™ Fø¡ _______ M¬ì: ìò£Šì˜.

III. W›‚è£μ‹ ÃŸÁèO™ îõÁèœ ã¶I¼ŠH¡, F¼ˆ¶è.W›‚è£μ‹ ÃŸÁèO™ îõÁèœ ã¶I¼ŠH¡, F¼ˆ¶è.W›‚è£μ‹ ÃŸÁèO™ îõÁèœ ã¶I¼ŠH¡, F¼ˆ¶è.W›‚è£μ‹ ÃŸÁèO™ îõÁèœ ã¶I¼ŠH¡, F¼ˆ¶è.W›‚è£μ‹ ÃŸÁèO™ îõÁèœ ã¶I¼ŠH¡, F¼ˆ¶è.

1. Ü. å¼ GÎ†ì¡ M¬ê â¡ð¶ å¼ Aó£‹ G¬ø»œ÷ ªð£¼O™ 1m/s-2 º´‚èˆ¬î ãŸð´ˆ¶‹M¬êJ¡ Ü÷¬õ‚ °P‚°‹.M¬ì : å¼ GÎ†ì¡ M¬ê â¡ð¶ å¼ A«ô£ Aó£‹ G¬ø»œ÷ ªð£¼O™ 1 ms-2 º´‚èˆ¬îãŸð´ˆ¶‹ M¬êJ¡ Ü÷¬õ‚ °P‚°‹.Ý. M¬ù»‹ âF˜M¬ù»‹ âŠ«ð£¶‹ å«ó ªð£¼O¡ e¶ ªêò™ð´‹.M¬ì : M¬ù»‹ âF˜ M¬ù»‹ âŠ«ð£¶‹ ªõš«õÁ ªð£¼O¡ e¶ ªêò™ð´‹.M¬ì : M¬ù»‹ âF˜ M¬ù»‹ âŠ«ð£¶‹ ªõš«õÁ ªð£¼O¡ e¶ ªêò™ð´‹.M¬ì : M¬ù»‹ âF˜ M¬ù»‹ âŠ«ð£¶‹ ªõš«õÁ ªð£¼O¡ e¶ ªêò™ð´‹.M¬ì : M¬ù»‹ âF˜ M¬ù»‹ âŠ«ð£¶‹ ªõš«õÁ ªð£¼O¡ e¶ ªêò™ð´‹.M¬ì : M¬ù»‹ âF˜ M¬ù»‹ âŠ«ð£¶‹ ªõš«õÁ ªð£¼O¡ e¶ ªêò™ð´‹.

2. Ü. è£‰îŠ¹ô‹ â‡ñFŠ¹ ñ†´‹ ªè£‡ì Ü÷¾.M¬ì : è£‰îŠ¹ô‹ â‡ñFŠ¹‹ F¬ê¬ò»‹ ªè£‡ì Ü÷¾.M¬ì : è£‰îŠ¹ô‹ â‡ñFŠ¹‹ F¬ê¬ò»‹ ªè£‡ì Ü÷¾.M¬ì : è£‰îŠ¹ô‹ â‡ñFŠ¹‹ F¬ê¬ò»‹ ªè£‡ì Ü÷¾.M¬ì : è£‰îŠ¹ô‹ â‡ñFŠ¹‹ F¬ê¬ò»‹ ªè£‡ì Ü÷¾.M¬ì : è£‰îŠ¹ô‹ â‡ñFŠ¹‹ F¬ê¬ò»‹ ªè£‡ì Ü÷¾.

Ý. è£‰î M¬ê‚«è£´èœ è£‰îˆ ªî¡º¬ùJ™ ªî£ìƒA õìº¬ùJ™ º®»‹.



14

M¬ì : è£‰î M¬ê‚«è£´èœ è£‰î õìº¬ùJ™ ªî£ìƒA ªî¡º¬ùJ™ º®»‹.M¬ì : è£‰î M¬ê‚«è£´èœ è£‰î õìº¬ùJ™ ªî£ìƒA ªî¡º¬ùJ™ º®»‹.M¬ì : è£‰î M¬ê‚«è£´èœ è£‰î õìº¬ùJ™ ªî£ìƒA ªî¡º¬ùJ™ º®»‹.M¬ì : è£‰î M¬ê‚«è£´èœ è£‰î õìº¬ùJ™ ªî£ìƒA ªî¡º¬ùJ™ º®»‹.M¬ì : è£‰î M¬ê‚«è£´èœ è£‰î õìº¬ùJ™ ªî£ìƒA ªî¡º¬ùJ™ º®»‹.

IV GóŠ¹è:-GóŠ¹è:-GóŠ¹è:-GóŠ¹è:-GóŠ¹è:-

Ü. I¡ù¿ˆî «õÁð£´ : «õ£™† e†ì˜ âQ™

I¡«ù£†ì‹

M¬ì : Ü‹e†ì˜M¬ì : Ü‹e†ì˜M¬ì : Ü‹e†ì˜M¬ì : Ü‹e†ì˜M¬ì : Ü‹e†ì˜

Ý. c˜I¡ G¬ôò‹ : ñó¹ê£˜ ÝŸø™, âQ™ ÅKò ÝŸø™ : __________

M¬ì : ñó¹ ê£ó£ ÝŸø™.M¬ì : ñó¹ ê£ó£ ÝŸø™.M¬ì : ñó¹ ê£ó£ ÝŸø™.M¬ì : ñó¹ ê£ó£ ÝŸø™.M¬ì : ñó¹ ê£ó£ ÝŸø™.

V. W›è£μ‹ àÁŠ¹è«÷£´ Üî¡ °Pf´è¬÷Š ªð£¼ˆ¶è.W›è£μ‹ àÁŠ¹è«÷£´ Üî¡ °Pf´è¬÷Š ªð£¼ˆ¶è.W›è£μ‹ àÁŠ¹è«÷£´ Üî¡ °Pf´è¬÷Š ªð£¼ˆ¶è.W›è£μ‹ àÁŠ¹è«÷£´ Üî¡ °Pf´è¬÷Š ªð£¼ˆ¶è.W›è£μ‹ àÁŠ¹è«÷£´ Üî¡ °Pf´è¬÷Š ªð£¼ˆ¶è.

°Pf´

(M¬ìèœ)

1. I¡èô‹

2. ê£M Ü™ô¶ ²M†„ (Í®ò¶)

3. I¡ M÷‚°

4. I¡ î¬ì

VI. H¡õ¼‹ èF˜õ¬óðì‹ °Nò£®J™ H‹ð‹ «î£¡Áõ¬î‚ °P‚°‹. ÜF½œ÷ îõŸ¬ø‚H¡õ¼‹ èF˜õ¬óðì‹ °Nò£®J™ H‹ð‹ «î£¡Áõ¬î‚ °P‚°‹. ÜF½œ÷ îõŸ¬ø‚H¡õ¼‹ èF˜õ¬óðì‹ °Nò£®J™ H‹ð‹ «î£¡Áõ¬î‚ °P‚°‹. ÜF½œ÷ îõŸ¬ø‚H¡õ¼‹ èF˜õ¬óðì‹ °Nò£®J™ H‹ð‹ «î£¡Áõ¬î‚ °P‚°‹. ÜF½œ÷ îõŸ¬ø‚H¡õ¼‹ èF˜õ¬óðì‹ °Nò£®J™ H‹ð‹ «î£¡Áõ¬î‚ °P‚°‹. ÜF½œ÷ îõŸ¬ø‚è‡´, H¬öòŸø èF˜ õ¬óðì‹ õ¬óò¾‹.è‡´, H¬öòŸø èF˜ õ¬óðì‹ õ¬óò¾‹.è‡´, H¬öòŸø èF˜ õ¬óðì‹ õ¬óò¾‹.è‡´, H¬öòŸø èF˜ õ¬óðì‹ õ¬óò¾‹.è‡´, H¬öòŸø èF˜ õ¬óðì‹ õ¬óò¾‹.


VII W¿œ÷ ðìˆF™ â‰î‚ è£‰î áC è£‰îŠ¹ôˆF¡ F¬ê¬ò„ êKò£è‚ è£†Áø¶?W¿œ÷ ðìˆF™ â‰î‚ è£‰î áC è£‰îŠ¹ôˆF¡ F¬ê¬ò„ êKò£è‚ è£†Áø¶?W¿œ÷ ðìˆF™ â‰î‚ è£‰î áC è£‰îŠ¹ôˆF¡ F¬ê¬ò„ êKò£è‚ è£†Áø¶?W¿œ÷ ðìˆF™ â‰î‚ è£‰î áC è£‰îŠ¹ôˆF¡ F¬ê¬ò„ êKò£è‚ è£†Áø¶?W¿œ÷ ðìˆF™ â‰î‚ è£‰î áC è£‰îŠ¹ôˆF¡ F¬ê¬ò„ êKò£è‚ è£†Áø¶?


a.

----------------------------------------

cWg;g[fs;

rhtp my;yJ Rtpl;r; _oaJ

kpd; tpsf;F

kpd; jil

kpd; fyk;



15

rpWtpdh (5 kjpg;bgz;):-rpWtpdh (5 kjpg;bgz;):-rpWtpdh (5 kjpg;bgz;):-rpWtpdh (5 kjpg;bgz;):-rpWtpdh (5 kjpg;bgz;):-

1. m) kug[g; bghwpapay; vd;why; vd;d? M) kug[g; bghwpapaypd; ed;ikfs; ahit?

tpil :

m. kug[g; bghwpapay; vd;gJ/ caphpapd; Fnuhnkhnrhkpd; o.vd;.V. (DNA) tpy; g[jpjhf kugpay;jd;ikfisr; nrh;j;njh/ Fiwj;njh/ khw;wk; bra;tjhFk;. ,jd; _yk; caphpapd; g[w mikg;gpy; khw;wj;ijj;njhw;Wtpf;f ,aYk; ,r;bray;Kiw o.vd;.V. khw;Wj; bjhHpy; El;gk; vdg;gLk;.

M. kug[g; bghwpapaypd; ed;ikfs; ahit?

(1) #Pdpd; mikg;g[ kw;Wk; mjd; bray;ghLfis mwpe;J bfhs;Sjy;

(2) mjpf mstpy; ,d;Rypd; cUthf;fk;/ ,d;lh;bguhd; kdpj tsh;r;rp/ Ahh;nkhd;/ fhy;eilfspy;tha;/ Fsk;g[ neha; (nfhkhhp neha;) nghd;wtw;wpw;F vjpuhd jLg;g{rp cw;gj;jpr; bra;jy;

(3) tptrhapfSf;Fg; gad;gLk; tifapy; ep~g; #Pidg; ghf;Ohpaht[f;F khw;wp iel;u#id epiyepWj;jr; bra;jy;.

2. c§fs; gFjpapy; knyhpah gutp cs;sJ.

m. ,jidf; fl;Lg;gLj;j cd;gFjpapy; chpa mYtyh;fSf;F jFe;j Mnyhrid tH§Ff.

M. knyhpahtpd; rhpahd neha; mwpFwpapid njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.

(Fsph;/ eLf;fk; kw;Wk; cWg;g[fs; fL§fha;r;ry;/ ngjp)

tpil : m. neha;j;jLg;g[k; fl;Lg;ghLk; :

1. bfhRf;foiaj; jLf;f Rfhjhu Kiwfs;

2. bfhR tsh;r;rpiaj; jLf;f/ ePh;/ nj§fpapUf;Fk; ,lj;ij _LjYk;/ rhf;filapy; ePh; nj§fhky;ghh;j;Jf; bfhs;SjYk; Kf;fpakhd jhFk;.

3. bfhR tiyfisg; gad;gLj;Jjy; bfhR tpul;o _yk; bfhRf; foiaj; jtph;j;J knyhpah neha; tuhky;jLf;fyhk;.

3. g{f;Fk; jhtu§fspy; eilbgWk; ghypdg; bgUf;f Kiwapy; <LgLk; ,uz;L epfH;t[fis vGJf.

m. Kjy; epfH;t[ kw;Wk; mtw;wpd; tiffis tpthpf;f./ M. mjdpd; ed;ik jPikfis vGJf.

tpil : ghypdg; bgUf;fj;jpy; ,uz;L epfH;t[fs; eilbgWfpd;wd.

1.. kfue;jr; nrh;f;if/ 2. fUt[Wjy;

m. Kjy; epfH;t[ kfue;jr; nrh;f;if - kfue;jg;igapypUe;J kfue;jj;J]s;fs; Nyf Koiar; brd;wila[k;brany kfue;jr; nrh;f;if vd;W bgah;.

kfue;jr; nrh;f;ifapd; tiffs; :

kfue;jr; nrh;f;if ,uz;L tifg;gLk; : jd; kfue;jr; nrh;f;if/ 2. may; kfue;jr; nrh;f;if

jd; kfue;jr; nrh;f;if : (Ml;nlhnfkp)

jd; kfue;jr; nrh;f;if vd;gJ Ml;nlhnfkp vdg;gLk;. xU kyhpd; kfue;jj; J]s;/ mnj kyhpy; cs;sNyf Koiar; brd;wiltjw;nfh mnj jhtuj;ijr; nrh;e;j kw;bwhU kyhpd; Nyf Koiar; brd;wila[k;

epfH;r;rpf;Fj; jd; kfue;jr; nrh;f;if vd;W bgah;.

jd; kfue;j nrh;f;ifapd; ed;ikfs;

,Ughy; kyh;fspy; kfue;jr; nrh;f;if jd; kfue;jr; nrh;f;ifapd; fl;lhakhf eilbgWk;.

jd; kfue;jr; nrh;f;if g[wf;fhuzpfisr; rhh;e;jpUf;f njit ,y;iy.

kfue;jj; J]s;fs; tPzhtjpy;iy.

jd; kfue;jr; nrh;f;ifapd; jPikfs; :-

Fiwe;j vz;zpf;ifapy; tpijfs; cUthFk;.

fUt{z; kpff; Fiwthf ,Uf;Fk;. vdnt/ tpijfs; kpf eyptile;j jhtu§fisna cUthf;Fk;.

g[jpatifj; jhtu§fs; cUthfhJ. mjd; fhuzkhfj; jhtu§fs; gog;goahf kiwa nehpLk;.

may; kfue;jr; nrh;f;if (my;nyhnfkp)xU kyhpd; kfue;jj; J]s; kw;bwhU jhtuj;jpd; kyhpy; cs;s Nyf Koiar; brd;wiltnjh mnj



16

,dj;ijr; nrh;e;j kw;bwhU jhtuj;ij brd;wiltnjh may; kfue;jr; nrh;f;if my;yJ my;nyhnfkpvdg;gLk;.may; kfue;jr; nrh;f;ifapd; ed;ikfs;:

may; kfue;jr; nrh;f;ifapd; tpisthf cUthFk; tpijfs;/ Kisj;J jplkhd jhtu§fshf tsUk;jd;ikiag; bgw;wpUf;Fk;. mjhtJ may; kfue;jr; nrh;f;ifapd; _yk; g[jpa tiffs; cUthFk;.

ed;F Kisf;Fk; jpwDila tpijfs; cUthFk;.4. g[if g[if v§F nehf;fpDk; g[if kz;lyk;. ,r;NHy; cly;eyj;jpw;F Vw;wjh vd;gij Vw;Wf;

bfhs;fpwhah? fhpia vhpg;gjpdhy; Vw;gLk; jPik gaf;Fk; bray;fis gl;oaypLf.tpil : ,y;iyepyf;fhpapdhy; NH;epiyapy; Vw;gLk; tpist[fs; :1. ghjurk;/ a[nudpak;/ njhhpak;/ Mh;rdpf; kw;Wk; fdcnyhf§fs; fye;j fyitapy; ,Ue;Jbtspnaw;wg;gLk; fHpt[g; bghUs;fs; kdpjDf;Fj; jP§F tpistpg;gnjhL kl;Lkpd;wpr; NH;epiyiaa[k;ghjpf;fpd;wJ.2. epyf;fhpapy; cs;s fe;jfj; Jfs;fs; mkpy kiH cUthff; fhuzkhfpd;wJ.3. epyj;jo ePh; kw;Wk; ePh;ts§fisg; ghjpf;fpd;wJ.4. ePh; kw;Wk; epyk; khRghL milaf; fhuzkhfpd;wJ.5. khRj; Jfs; cUthfpd;wd.6. gRikaf tha[/ fhh;gd; - il- Mf;i!L/ btspnaw;wg;gl;Lf; fhyepiy khWghl;ow;Fk; g[tpbtg;gkhjYf;Fk; fhuzkhfpd;wJ.7. epyf;fhpapy; ,Ue;J mjpfg;goahd CO2 btspnaw;wg;gl;L tha[ kz;lyj;ij milfpwJ.

5. etPd mQf;bfhs;ifapd; nfhl;ghLfis tpthpf;f.etPd mQf;bfhs;if :

mQ vd;gJ ntjptpidapy; <LgLk; kpfr;rpwpa JfshFk;.mQf;fs; gpsf;ff; Toait.xU jdpkj;jpd; midj;J mQf;fSk; midj;J gz;g[fspYk; xj;jpUf;f ntz;oa njitapy;iy.v.fh. Inrhnlhg;g[fs; (17Cl35, 17Cl37)btt;ntW jdpk§fisr; nrh;e;j mQf;fs; rpy gz;g[fspy; xj;jpUf;Fk;.v.fh. Inrhghh;fs; (18Ar40, 20Ca40)xU _yf;Twpy; cs;s mQf;fspd; tpfpjk; KGikahdJk;/ eph;zapf;fg;gl;lJk; MFk;. Mdhy;mJ vspa tpfpjkhf ,Uf;f ntz;oa mtrpakpy;iy. vfh. C12H22O11 Rf;nuh!;xU jdpkj;jpd; mQf;fis kw;bwhU jdpkj;jpd; mQf;fshf khw;Wj; jdpk khf;fy; Kiwapy; khw;wKoa[k;.xU jdpkj;jpd; epiwia/ mjd; Mw;wyhf khw;w Koa[k;. ,J E = mc² vd;w Id;!;Odpd;

rkd;ghl;od;go mike;jjhFk;.,J E = Mw;wy; m = epiw c = xspapd; ntfk; vd;gjhFk;.

6. gpd;tUtdtw;wpd; bghJg;bgah; kw;Wk; IUPAC bgah;fis vGJf.

tpil :_yf;TW tha;g;ghL bghJg; bgah; IUPAC bgah;

a) CH3CH2CHO g[nuhg;gpadhy;oiAL g[nuhg;gndy;b) CH3COCH3 ilbkj;jpy; fPl;nlhd; g[nuhg;gndhd;

(mrpl;nlhd;)c) CH3 - CH - CH3 Inrhg[nuhg;igy; My;fAhy; 2-g[nuhg;gdhy;

| OH

d) CH3COOH mrpl;of; mkpyk; vj;jdhapf; mkpyk;e) HCHO ghh;khy;oiAL bkj;jndy;

7. m. nkny cs;s glj;ij kPz;Lk; tiuf.M. ,g;glk; Fwpg;gpLtJtpil : AC kpd; ,aw;wp - ,. glj;jpy; Kf;fpakhd ghf§fisf; Fwpf;ft[k;. :N - S epiyf; fhe;jj;jpd; ,UKidfs;ABCD - fhg;gplg;gl;l brt;tf totf; fk;gpr; RUs;. S1. S2 eGt[ tisa§fs;B1B2 J]hpiffs;/ <. ,f;fUtp vj;jj;Jtj;jpd; mog;gilapy; bray;gLfpwJ.tpil : kpd;fhe;jj;J]z;ly;

* * * * ** * * * ** * * * ** * * * ** * * * *



1

Ts°d Lp®j Õû\

10Bm YÏl×

r%f mwptpay;

jkpo; top

gapw;rpf; fl;lfk;



2



3

r_f mwptpay;r_f mwptpay;r_f mwptpay;r_f mwptpay;r_f mwptpay;

gphpT - gphpT - gphpT - gphpT - gphpT - II. nfhol;l ,l§fis epug;g [f:-nfhol;l ,l§fis epug;g [f:-nfhol;l ,l§fis epug;g [f:-nfhol;l ,l§fis epug;g [f:-nfhol;l ,l§fis epug;g [f:-

1. _y bghUl;fspd; njitia mjpf goahf cUthf;fpaJ bjhHpw;g[ul;rp.

2. bghUs;fspd; nghf;Ftuj;ij mjpfhpf;f bra;jJ ,uapy;nt.

3. b#h;kdpahy; _H;fof;fg;gl;l mbkhpf;fhtpd; g[fH;bgw;w tzpf fg;gy; Y]rplhdpah.

4. Kjy; cyfg; nghiu Kot[f;F bfhz;L te;jJ ghhp!; mikjp khehL.

5. bghUshjhu bgUke;jk; njhd;wpa ehL mbkhpf;fh.

6. ghrpr fl;rpia njhw;Wtpj;jth; Knrhypdp.

7. Kjy; cyfg; nghUf;F gpd; ty;yurhf vGr;rp bgw;w ehL #g;ghd;.

8. gpypl;!; fphPf; vd;why; kpd;dy; nghh; vd;wjhFk;.

9. gd;dhl;L ePjp kd;wj;jpd; jiyikafk; mike;Js;s ,lk; jpnAf;.

10. If;fpa ehLfs; rig njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;l Mz;L 1945.

11. I. eh. tpd; epue;ju mit bghJ rig.

12. Inuhg;gpa xd;wpaj;jpd; xw;iw ehzak; a{nuh.

13. Inuhg;gpa xd;wpaj;jpd; Kjy; epue;ju jiyth; bAh;khd; thd; uhk;ng.

14. 1857 Mk; Mz;L bgUk; g[ul;rpia M§fpy tuyhw;W mwp"h;fs; ,t;thwhf miHj;jdh; gil tPuh;fyfk;.

15. Kjd; Kjypy; g[ul;rp btoj;j ,lk; guhf;g{h;.

16. ,e;J rkaj;jpd; khh;od; Y]jh; vd;W miHf;fg;gl;lth; jahde;j ru!;tjp.

17. goj;j ,is"h;fspd; bkhHpahf mike;jJ M§fpyk;.

18. ,e;jpa njrpa fh§fpu!; njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;l Mz;L fp.gp.1885.

19. ,e;jpahtpd; Kjy; FoauR jiyth; lhf;lh; uhn#e;jpu gpurhj;.

20. ntjhuz;ak; cg;g[ rj;ah fpufj;ij elj;jpath; uh#h#p.

21. fhkuh#hpd; gpugykhd bfhs;if nf jpl;lk;.

22. itf;fk; mike;Js;s ,lk; nfush.

23. b#h;kdp kw;Wk; ,j;jhyp xU§fpizf;fg;gl;l Mz;L fp.gp. 1870.

24. 1870 Kjy; 1945 tiu Inuhg;gpa ehLfs; gpd;gw;wpa Vfhjpgj;jpa bfhs;if g[jpa Vfhjpgj;jpak;.

25. M§fpy fpHf;fpe;jpa fk;bgdp njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;l Mz;L fp.gp. 1600.

26. bfa;rh; tpy;ypak; flw;gilia epWtpapUe;j ,lk; bAypnfhye;J.

27. ,uz;lhk; cyfg; nghUf;F Kf;fpa fhuzkhf mike;j cld;gof;if bth; bra;y;!;.

28. gpuhd;!pw;F bfhLf;fg;gl;l epyf;fhp Ru§fk; rhh;

29. rPh;jpUj;j ,af;f§fspd; Kd;ndhoahf jpfH;e;jth; ,uh#huhk; nkhfd;uha;.

30. uhkfpU\;z klj;jpd; jiyikafk; ngY]h;.

31. nfushtpd; jiyrpwe;j r_f rPh;jpUj;j thjp $ ehuhaz FU.

32. ,e;jpa rk!;jhd§fis ,izf;Fk; gzpia nkw;bfhz;lth; rh;jhh; ty;ygha; gnly;.



4

33. lhf;lh;. Kj;Jyl;Rkpahy; bjhl§fg;gl;l mdhij ,y;yk; xsit ,y;yk;.

g [tpapay;g [tpapay;g [tpapay;g [tpapay;g [tpapay;

nfhol;l ,l';fis epug;g [f:nfhol;l ,l';fis epug;g [f:nfhol;l ,l';fis epug;g [f:nfhol;l ,l';fis epug;g [f:nfhol;l ,l';fis epug;g [f:

34. ghf; ePh; re;jp ,e;jpahit ,y§ifapy; ,Ue;J gphpf;fpwJ.

35. ,e;jpahtpd; eLnt bry;Yk; kpf Kf;fpa jPh;f;f nfhL ,jd; eLnt bry;fpwJ myfhghj;.

36. flw;fiu gFjpfspy; epyt[tJ rkkhd fhyepiy.

37. twz;l epyg;gFjpapy; fhzg;gLk; kz; tif ghiy kz;.

38. bey; mjpfkhf tpisa[k; kz; tz;ly; kz;.

39. njapiy/ fhg;gp mjpfkhf tpisa[k; ,lk; kiyr; rhpt[fs;.

40. ,e;jpahtpd; khd;br!;;lh; vdg;gLtJ Kk;ig.

41. nrhl;lh ehfg[hp fdpkj;jpw;F bgah; bgw;wJ.

42. kpd;dpay; jiyefuk; vd;W miHf;fg;gLtJ bg§fqU.

43. ,aw;if fhw;W khrila Kf;fpa fhuzk; thfd g[if.

44. ,e;jpahtpd; caukhd rpfuk; K2.

45. f§ifahw;wpd; gpwg;gplk; f§nfhj;hp.

46. nkhndhi!l; kzypy; fhzg;gLk; jhJ a[nudpak;.

47. twl;rpapy; tsUk; gaph; jpiztif.

48. ,e;jpa uapy; nghf;F tuj;jpd; jiyikafk; g[Jbly;yp.

Foikapay;Foikapay;Foikapay;Foikapay;Foikapay;

1. ,e;jpah mjpfg;goahd ek;gpf;if bfhz;oUg;gJ mikjp.

2. ,d xJf;fy; bfhs;if Kot[f;F te;j Mz;L fp.gp. 1990.

3. jw;fhyj;jpy; kpft[k; gpurpj;jp bgw;w murh§f Kiw kf;fshl;rp.

4. njh;jypy; nghl;oapl njitahd taJ 25.

5. cyf Efh;nthh; jpdkhf bfhz;lhlg;gLk; ehs; khh;r; 15.

bghUspay;bghUspay;bghUspay;bghUspay;bghUspay;

1. Kjd;ikj; Jiw vd;gJ ntshz;ikj;Jiw.

2. jyh tUkhdk; Rl;of;fhl;LtJ kf;fspd; thH;f;if juj;ij.

3. ehl;L tUkhdj;ij fzf;fpLk; Kiw _d;W.

4. ,e;jpa jpl;lf;FGtpd; jiyth; gpujkh;.

5. gRikg; g[ul;rp eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;l Mz;L fp.gp. 1967.

6. ,e;jpah mjpfg;goahf ek;gpf;if bfhz;oUg;gJ mikjp.

7. rhh;f; mikg;gpd; Kjy; bghJ brayhsh; M\hd;.

8. ekJ ehl;od; gHk; bgUk; rkak; ntj rkak;.

9. Efh;nthiu Vkhw;Wgth;fs; tpahghhpfs;.

10. ,e;jpahtpd; jyh tUkhdk; 950 lhyh;fs;.

11. g{kpjhd ,af;fj;ij bjhl§fpath; Mr;rhh;a tpndhghnt.



5

bghUj;Jf.bghUj;Jf.bghUj;Jf.bghUj;Jf.bghUj;Jf.

tuyhW.tuyhW.tuyhW.tuyhW.tuyhW.

1. Xtuh - ,ufrpaf;fhty; gil

2. Y]g;l; nth~g; - b#h;kdp

3. oa{!; - Knrhypdp

4. ,e;J rka khh;od; Y]jh; - Rthkp jahde;j ru!;tjp

5. nfrhp - ghyf§fhju jpyfh;

6. brt;u!; cld;gof;if - JUf;fp

7. bth;bra;y;!; cld;gof;if - b#h;kdp

8. gŠrhg; rp§fk; - yhyh y#gjpuha;

9. ,e;jpahtpd; ,Uk;g[ kdpjh; – gp!;khh;f; - rh;jhh; ty;ygha; gnly;

10. itf;fk; tPuh; - <.nt.uh. (bghpahh;)

11. tiut[f;FG jiyth; - gp.Mh;. mk;ngj;fhh;

12. vy;iyf; fhe;jp - fhd; mg;Jy; fghh;fhd;

13. brshpbrsuh - cj;jpugpunjrk;

14. ts;syhh; - ,uhkyp§f mofs;

15. ,uz;lhk; bfa;rh; tpy;ypak; - b#h;kdp

16. k§fy; ghz;nl - ghuf;g{h;

17. bkapd; fhk;g; - Apl;yh; (vdJ nghuhl;lk;)

18. ,e;jpahtpd; tpobts;sp - ,uh#huhk; nkhfd;uha;

19. muriu cUthf;Fgth; - fhkuhrh;

20. njtjhrp Kiw - lhf;lh;. Kj;Jbyl;Rkp bul;o

21. tPuj; jkpHd;id - lhf;lh;. jh;khk;ghs;.

g [tpapay;g [tpapay;g [tpapay;g [tpapay;g [tpapay;

1. gUtkiH btog;g[ - #@d; - brg;lk;gh;

2. fhpry; kz; - gUj;jp – jf;fhzk;

3. nfhJik - tz;ly; – gŠrhg;

4. rzy; bjhHpy; - t§fhsk; –A&f;sp

5. fpuhkr;rhiy - gŠrhaj;J

6. ehh;bt!;lh;!; - ,e;jpahtpd; tlfpHf;F jyf;fhw;W

7. gGg;g[ epyf;fhp - bea;ntyp

8. thfdj; bjhHpy; - brd;id

9. kh§nuht; fhLfs; - Re;jutdk; – f§if fHpKfk;

10. Mg;gps; - ,khr;ry gpunjrk;

11. bkd;bghUs; - bg§fqU

12. ,ug;gh; - nfush



6

13. fhw;wpy; kpjf;Fk; gY]d; - gpuŠR nkg;gpayhh;

14. mjpf kiHbgWk; gFjp - bksrpd;uhk; – rpug[Šrp

15. o.I.Mh;.x.v!; - mbkhpf;fh

16. ,Uk;g[ v~F bjhHpy; - nrhl;lh ehfg[hp – fdpk tl;lhuk;

17. kj;jpa ,uapy;nt - Kk;ig

18. bjw;F ,uapy;nt - brd;id

19. epy msit - cyf miktplk;

20. rh;f;fiu kz;lyk; - cj;jpugpunjrk;

gphpt[ - gphpt[ - gphpt[ - gphpt[ - gphpt[ - II

tuyhWtuyhWtuyhWtuyhWtuyhW

1. Vfhjpgj;jpak; vd;why; vd;d?

xU ehL gpw ehLfis tYf;fl;lhakhf btd;W mtw;iw jdJ Ml;rpapd; fPH; bfhz;LtUjy;.

2. Kjy; cyfg; nghUf;fhd cldof; fhuzk; vd;d?

M!;jphpa ehl;L gl;lj;J ,sturUk; mtuJ kidtpa[k; brh;gpa jPtpu thjpahy; Rl;Lf;bfhy;yg;gl;lnj.

3. ghrprj;jpd; ehd;F J]z;fs; ahit?

1. xnu jiyik/ 2. rh;thjpfhhpapd; fPH; xnu Ml;rp/ 3. ga§fu thjk;/ 4. bghUshjhu MSik

4. rh;tnjr r§fj;jpd; m§f§fs; ahit?

1. bghJ rig/ 2. eph;thf rig/ 3. brayfk;/ 4. rh;tnjr ePjpkd;wk;/ 5. rh;tnjr bjhHpyhsh;mikg;g[

5. mbkhpf;fh #g;ghd; kPJ nghh; bjhLf;f fhuzk; vd;d?

Kj;Jj; Jiw Kfj;jpy; ,Ue;j mbkhpf;f flw;gil jsj;ij #g;ghd; Fz;L tPrp jhf;fpaJ.

6. I.eh. rigapd; rhjidfs; ,uz;oid vGJ.

1. R{a!; fhy;tha; rpf;fiy jPh;j;jJ.

2. mQ nrhjid jilr; rl;lj;ij bfhz;L te;jJ.

7. a{nuhtpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; vd;d?

Inuhg;gpa xd;wpaj;jpd; xw;iw ehza Kiw/ a{nuh. ,jd; FwpaPL E.

8. fhkuh#hpd; eyj;jpl;l gzpfs; ahit?

kjpa czt[ jpl;lj;jpid bfhz;L te;jhh;.

g[jpa gs;spfis jpwe;jhh;.

g[jpa bjhHpw;rhiyfis mikj;jhh;.

9. bghpahh; itf;fk; tPuh; vd Vd; miHf;fg;gl;lhh;?

nfushtpy; itf;fk; vd;Dkplj;jpy; rj;jpahfpuf nghuhl;lk; elj;jp jhH;j;jg;gl;l kf;fspd;Mya EiHt[ rl;lj;ij jsh;j;j cjtpdhh;.

10. Ra khpahij ,af;fj;jpd; nehf;f§fs; ahit?

1. _l ek;gpf;iffs; xHpf;fg;gl ntz;Lk;/ 2. bgz;fy;tp/ tpjitfs; kWkzk;/. fyg;g[j;jpUkzk; Mjhpf;fg;gl ntz;Lk;.



7

11. ghrprk; bghUs; TWf.

ghrprk; vd;Dk; brhy; ‘Tl;L’ my;yJ FG vd;W bghUs;.

12. gpuk;k"hd rigapd; bfhs;iffs; ahit?

1. kf;fspilna rnfhjuj;Jt czh;it tsh;j;jy;/ 2. gz;ila rka§fis mwpjy;.

13. tpf;nlhhpakfhuhzp nguwpf;ifapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ahJ?

1. ,e;jpa kf;fspd; kfhrhrdk; vd;W miHf;fg;gl;lJ/ midtUf;Fk; bghJ kd;dpg;g[tH§fg;gl;lJ.

14. bghUshjhu bgUke;jk; njhd;w fhuz§fs; ahit?

mbkhpf;fg;g§Fr; re;ijapy; Vw;gl;l rhpnt bghUshjhu bgU ke;jj;jpw;F Kf;fpaf;fhuzkhFk;.

Foikapay;Foikapay;Foikapay;Foikapay;Foikapay;

1. cyf mikjp mtrpakhdJ Vd;?

1. kf;fs; mikjpahf thH ntz;Lk;/ 2. _d;whk; cyfg; nghh; tuhky; jLf;f ntz;Lk;/3. kdpj neak; tsu ntz;Lk;.

2. ,e;jpahtpYs;s rpy rka§fspd; bgah;fis vGJ.

,e;J kjk; ,!;yhk; kjk; fpU!;Jt kjk;

g[j;j kjk; rPf;fpa kjk; rkz kjk;

3. #dehafk; gw;wp Mg;ufhk; yp§fdpd; fUj;J ahJ?

kf;fshy; kf;fSf;fhf kf;fns Ml;rp bra;tJ.

4. nfhg;uh vd;why; vd;d?

,J Efh;nthiu ghJfhf;f njhd;wpa rl;lk;/ ,J Efh;nthhpd; kfh rhrdk;vd;wiHf;fg;gLfpwJ.

g[tpapay;g [tpapay;g [tpapay;g [tpapay;g [tpapay;

1. ,e;jpahtpd; Kf;fpa ,aw;if mikg;g[ gphpt[fs; ahit?

1. tlf;F kiyfs; 2. tl ,e;jpa bgUk; rk btspfs; 3. jPgfw;g gPlg{kp

4. flw;fiu rk btspfs; 5. jPt[fs;

2. ,e;jpag; bgU§fly; fhzg;gLk; jPt[f; Tl;l§fs; ahit?

1. me;jkhd; epnfhghh; jPt[fs;/ 2. yl;rj; jPt[fs;

3. ntshz; bjhHpiy eph;zapf;Fk; fhuzpfs; ahit?

1. epyj; njhw;wk;/ 2. fhy epiy/ 3. kz; tif/ 4. ePh;

4. njhl;lg;gaph;fs; ahit?

1. njapiy/ 2. fhg;gp/ 3. ,ug;gh;

5. ntshz; rhh;e;j bjhHpyf§fs; ahit?

1. gUj;jp Miyfs;/ 2. rzy; Miyfs;/ 3. rh;f;fiu Miyfs;

6. ePh; khriljy; vd;why; vd;d?

ey;y ePhpy; Vw;gLk; ntjpapay;/ caphpay;/ ,aw;gpay; khw;wk;.



8

7. tzpfk; vd;why; vd;d? mjd; tiffs; ahit?

bghUl;fis th§FtJk; tpw;gJk; tzpfk;.

1. cs;ehl;L tzpfk;/ 2. btsp ehl;L tzpfk;

8. bjhiy Ez;Qzh;t[ vd;why; vd;d?

g[tpapd; tptu§fis bjhiytpypUe;J nrfhpg;gJ. bjhiy Ez;Qzh;t[ MFk;.

9. ,aw;if tsk; vd;why; vd;d?

,aw;ifapypUe;J bgwg;gLk; midj;Jg; bghUl;fisa[k; ,aw;if tsk; vd;fpnwhk;.

v.fh. ePh;/ fhw;W/ Nhpa xsp.

10. rzy; bghUl;fs; ahit?

rhf;Fg; igfs;/ fk;gs§fs;/ fapW/ E]ypiHfs;/ nghh;itfs;.

11. g[tpj;jfty; bjhFjpfs; ahit?

1. ,yf;F/ 2. Mw;wy; _yk;/ 3. gpujpgypf;Fk; tHp/ 4. czh;tp

12. FHha; nghf;Ftuj;jpd; ed;ikfs; ahit?

1. ePUf;foapy; mikf;fyhk;/ 2. guhkhpg;g[ bryt[ Fiwt[/ 3. vhpbghUs; Fiwt[.

13. cw;gj;jp vd;why; vd;d?

_yg;bghUl;fis gad;ghl;L bghUshf khw;WtJ cw;gj;jp vdg;gLk;.

14. caphpdg; gd;ik vd;why; vd;d?

g[tpf; nfhsk; KGtJk; Rw;Wr;NHypy; Vw;gl;Ls;s ntfkhd khw;wk;.

bghUspay;bghUspay;bghUspay;bghUspay;bghUspay;

1. ehl;L tUkhdk; tiuaW.

xU ehl;oy; Xuhz;L fhyj;jpy; cw;gj;jp bra;ag;gLk; bghUl;fs; kw;Wk; gzpfspd; bkhj;jkjpg;ghFk;.

2. jyh tUkhdk; vd;why; vd;d?

ehl;L tUkhdj;ij ehl;L kf;fs; bjhifahy; tFg;gJ. jyh tUkhdk; MFk;.

3. fyg;g[g; bghUshjhuk; vd;why; vd;d?

bghJj; Jiw epWtd§fSk; jdpahh;Jiw epWtd§fSk; ,ize;J bray;gLtJ.

4. gjpndhwhtJ Ie;jhz;Lj; jpl;lj;jpd; nehf;f§fs; ahit?

1. tWikia xHpj;jy;/2. ntiy tha;g;g[f;fis tphpthf;Fjy;/ 3. Rw;Wr; NHiy ngQjy;/4. fpuhk trjpia bgUf;Fjy;.

gphpt[ - gphpt[ - gphpt[ - gphpt[ - gphpt[ - IIIntWgLj;Jf:

nkw;F bjhlh;r;rp kiyfs;nkw;F bjhlh;r;rp kiyfs;nkw;F bjhlh;r;rp kiyfs;nkw;F bjhlh;r;rp kiyfs;nkw;F bjhlh;r;rp kiyfs; fpHf;F bjhlh;r;rp kiyfs;fpHf;F bjhlh;r;rp kiyfs;fpHf;F bjhlh;r;rp kiyfs;fpHf;F bjhlh;r;rp kiyfs;fpHf;F bjhlh;r;rp kiyfs;

bjhlh;r;rpahdJ bjhlh;r;rpaw;wJcaukhd rpfuk; -MidKo caukhd rpfuk; - knfe;jpufphpbjd;nkw;F gUtf;fhw;W tlfpHf;F gUtf;fhw;W#@d; Kjy; brg;lk;gh; tiu mf;nlhgh; Kjy; etk;gh; tiu tPRfpwJtPRfpwJ<ug;gjkhdJ twz;lJ



9

g[Jg;gpf;f Toa tsk; g[Jg;gpf;f Koahj tsk;

,it vspjhf cw;gj;jp bra;a ,it vspjhf cw;gj;jp bra;a KoahjToa ts';fs; ts';fs;

v.fh.Nhpa xsp/ fhw;W/ ePh; bgl;nuhypak;/ epyf;fhp

thdpiy fhyepiy

1. Xhplj;jpy; xU ehspy; epyt[k; jl;gbtg;g epiy ePz;l ruhrhp thdpiy

2. khwf; ToaJ khwhjjJ

ePh;khriljy; epyk; khriljy;

1. ey;y ePhpy; Vw;gLk; ntjpapay; bjhHpyf fHpt[fs; kz;zpy; fyg;gjhy;,aw;gpay; caphpaypy; Vw;gLk; khw;wk; Vw;gLk; khw;wk;

2. epyj;jo ePh; ghjpf;fpwJ tptrhak; ghjpf;fpwJ

Vw;Wkjp ,wf;Fkjp

xU ehl;od; cghpg; bghUl;fis may; ehl;ow;F may; ehLfspd; bghUl;fis xU ehLtpw;gjhFk;. th';FtjhFk;.

me;epa bryhtzp mjpfhpf;Fk; bghUshjhuk; ghjpf;Fk;.

cs;ehl;L tzpfk; btspehl;L thzpfk;

xU ehl;od; vy;iyf;Fs; eilbgWfpwJ ,uz;L my;yJ mjw;F nkw;gl;l ehLfSf;F,ilna eilbgWfpwJ.

,e;jpa %gha; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ mbkhpf;f lhyh; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ

thd;tHp ePh; tHp

tpiuthd nghf;Ftuj;J kypthd nghf;Ftuj;J

vhpbghUs; bryt[ mjpfk; vhpbghUs; bryt[ Fiwt[

gphpt[ - gphpt[ - gphpt[ - gphpt[ - gphpt[ - IVjiyg;gpdjiyg;gpdjiyg;gpdjiyg;gpdjiyg;gpd; ; ; ; ; fPHfPHfPHfPHfPH; ; ; ; ; bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sbfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sbfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sbfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sbfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s tpdhf;fSf;Ftpdhf;fSf;Ftpdhf;fSf;Ftpdhf;fSf;Ftpdhf;fSf;F tpilaspj;jy;tpilaspj;jy;tpilaspj;jy;tpilaspj;jy;tpilaspj;jy;.....

1. mlhy;~g; Apl;yh;

m. mlhy;~g; Apl;yh; v§F gpwe;jhh;? - M!;jphpah

M. mth; je;ijapd; bjhHpy; vd;d? - R§f mjpfhhp

,. Apl;yh; vjid njhw;Wtpj;jhh;? - ehrprk;

<. Apl;yh; vGjpa g[j;jfj;jpd; bgah; vd;d? - vdJ nghuhl;lk;

2. vg;.o. %!;bty;l;

m. #dhjpgjp njh;jy; vg;bghGJ eilbgw;wJ? - 1932

M. gpuh§spd; o.%!; bty;l; vt;thW miHf;fg;gl;lhh;? - vg;.o.Mh;.

,. mtuJ njh;jy; mwpf;if vd;d?

mbkhpf;f kf;fSf;F g[jpa gaDhpik bfhs;ifia mh;g;gzpf;fpnwd;.

<. mth; cUthf;fpa bfhs;ifapd; bgah; vd;d? - g[jpa gaDhpik

3. kj;jpa ,e;jpahtpy; g[ul;rp

m. g[ul;rpia tHp elj;jp brd;wth; ahh;? - ,uhzp yl;Rkp gha;



10

M. mth; ifg;gw;wpa efuk; vd;d? - Fthypah;

,. ,uhzp yl;Rkpghapd; Kot[ vd;d? - nghhpy; bfhy;yg;gl;lhh;.

<. jhe;jpa njhgpw;F epfH;e;jJ vd;d? - ifJ bra;ag;gl;L bfhy;yg;gl;lhh;.

4. lhf;lh; mk;ngj;fhh;.

m. jypj;Jfs; kw;Wk; jhH;jg;gl;lth;fspd; kPl;ghsh; ahh;? - lhf;lh;. B.R. mk;ngj;fhh;

M. ,e;jpahtpd; Kjy; rl;l mikr;rh; ahh;? - lhf;lh;. B.R. mk;ngj;fhh;

,. ,e;jpa murhy; ,th; vt;thW rpwg;gpf;fg;gl;lhh;? -

ghuj uj;dh tpUJ tH§fg;gl;lJ.

<. Kk;igapy; kfj; khh;r; vd;w nguzpia jiyik Vw;W elj;jpaJ Vd;?

jhH;j;jg;gl;l kf;fs; bghJf; fpzw;wpy; ePh; vLf;f.

5. K. fhkuh#h;

m. fhkuh#h; vt;thW murpaypy; EiHe;jhh;? -

itf;fk; rj;jpahfpuf nghuhl;lk; _ykhf

M. 1903y; v§F rpiwapy; milf;fg;gl;lhh;? - mypg;g{h;

,. 1947k; Mz;L ,e;jpa njrpa bfhoia v§F Vw;wpdhh;? - rj;jpa_h;j;jp tPl;oy;

<. fhkuh#h; vg;bghGJ ,we;jhh;? - mf;nlhgh; 2/ 1975

6. #hypad; thyhghf; gLbfhiy

m. ifJ bra;ag;gl;l jiyth;fs; ahh;? - rj;aghy;/ irg[jPd; fpr;R

M. kf;fs; v§F Todh;? - #hypad; thyhghf; g{§fhtpy;

,. M§fpnya filrp fth;dh; b#duy; ahh;? - b#duy; lah;

<. ,utPe;jpu ehj; jhTh; bra;jJ vd;d? - jdJ iel;t[l; gl;lj;ij Jwe;jhh;

7. kt[z;l; ngl;ld; jpl;lk;

1. fp.gp. 1947 Mk; Mz;L ,e;jpa fth;dh; b#duyhf gjtpnaw;wth; ahh;? kt[z;l;ngl;ld; gpug[

2. M';fpnya filrp fth;dh; b#duy; ahh;;?

kt[z;l; ngl;ld; gpug[

3. kt[z;l;ngl;ld; jpl;lk; vd;why; vd;d?

,e;jpa a{dpad; vd;Wk; ghfp!;jhd; a{dpad; vd;Wk; ,U ehLfshf gphpf;fg;gLk;.

4. kt[z;l;ngl;ld; jpl;lj;jpw;F fh';fpu!; kw;Wk; K!;ypk; yPf;fpd; gpujpgypg;g[ vd;d?

Vw;Wf;bfhz;ld

tphpthd tpilasp:tphpthd tpilasp:tphpthd tpilasp:tphpthd tpilasp:tphpthd tpilasp:

1. xj;JiHahik ,af;fk;:xj;JiHahik ,af;fk;:xj;JiHahik ,af;fk;:xj;JiHahik ,af;fk;:xj;JiHahik ,af;fk;:

Kjy; epiy (1920) - M';fpymurpd; gjtp/ gl;l';fis Jwe;jdh;.

,uz;lhk; epiy (1921) - ntiy epWj;jk;/ nghuhl;l';fis elj;jpdh;.

_d;whk; epiy (1922) - thp bfhlh ,af;fk; ele;jJ.

brshp brsuh epfH;r;rpapdhy; ,e;j ,af;fk; iftplg;gl;lJ.

2. _d;W tl;lnki# khehLfs_d;W tl;lnki# khehLfs_d;W tl;lnki# khehLfs_d;W tl;lnki# khehLfs_d;W tl;lnki# khehLfs;:

Kjy; tl;l nki# khehL (1930) - yz;ldpy; eilbgw;wJ. fh';fpu!; fye;J bfhs;stpy;iy.

,uz;lhk; tl;lnki# khehL (1931) - yz;ldpy; eilbgw;wJ. gpur;rpidfSf;F jPh ;t[fpilf;ftpy;iy.

_d;whk; tl;l nki# khehL (1932) - fhe;jp#p fye;J bfhs;stpy;iy. _d;W khehLfSk; njhy;tpapy;Koe;jJ.

3 .3 .3 .3 .3 . 1857 - k; Mz;L g[ul;rpf;fhd tpist[fs; ahit?1857 - k; Mz;L g[ul;rpf;fhd tpist[fs; ahit?1857 - k; Mz;L g[ul;rpf;fhd tpist[fs; ahit?1857 - k; Mz;L g[ul;rpf;fhd tpist[fs; ahit?1857 - k; Mz;L g[ul;rpf;fhd tpist[fs; ahit?

1. ,e;jpahtpd; Ml;rpg; bghWg;gpid ,';fpyhe;Jmurp neuoahf nkw;bfhz;lhh;.



11

2. midtUf;Fk; bghJ kd;dpg;g[ tH';fg;gl;lJ.

3. ,e;jpa gHikahd gz;ghL gHf;ftHf;f';fs; kjpf;fg;gl;ld.

4. njrg;gw;iw tpHpj;bjH bra;jJ.

5. fhdp';gpug[ Kjy; mur gpujpepjp Mdhh;.

4 .4 .4 .4 .4 . rhh;f; mikg;g[:rhh;f; mikg;g[:rhh;f; mikg;g[:rhh;f; mikg;g[:rhh;f; mikg;g[:

bjw;fhrpa ehLfspd; gpuhe;jpaf; Tl;likg;g[ : cWg;g[ ehLfs; - ,e;jpah/ ,y';if/ t';f njrk;/neghsk; / ghfp!;jhd;/ g{lhd;/ khyj;jPt[fs;/ Mg;fhdp!;jdk; nghf;Ftuj;J/ Rfhjhuk;/ Rw;Wyh/ jfty;bjhlh;g[/ ,tw;wpy; cjtp bra;a cWg;g[ ehLfs; bray;gLfpd;wd.

5 .5 .5 .5 .5 . Efh;nthh; chpikfs;:Efh;nthh; chpikfs;:Efh;nthh; chpikfs;:Efh;nthh; chpikfs;:Efh;nthh; chpikfs;:

1. bghUl;fspd; juk;/ mst[/ jd;ik/ tpiy Fwpj;J Efh;nthh; mwpa chpik cz;L.

2. muR bghUl;fs; Efh;nthUf;F epahakhd tpiyapy; fpilf;f cjt ntz;Lk;.

3. jtwhd tpahghu';fSf;F Efh;nthh; jPh;t[ bgw;Wf; bfhs;syhk;.

4. ,jd; bghUl;L 2005 - k; Mz;L jfty; mwpa[k; rl;lk; ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; ,aw;wg;gl;lJ.

6 .6 .6 .6 .6 . kiHePh; nrfhpg;g[:kiHePh; nrfhpg;g[:kiHePh; nrfhpg;g[:kiHePh; nrfhpg;g[:kiHePh; nrfhpg;g[:

kiH bga;a[k; fhy';fspy; kiHePiu nrkpj;J kiH bga;ahj fhy';fspy; cgnahfpg;gnj.

kiH ePiu FHha;fs; _yk; epyj;jpw;foapy; bjhl;ofs; mikj;J nrfhpj;J njitg;gLk; nghJcgnahfpf;fyhk;.

7 .7 .7 .7 .7 . fhLfspd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;:fhLfspd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;:fhLfspd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;:fhLfspd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;:fhLfspd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;:

1. _yg;bghUl;fis jUfpwJ.

2. kz;zhpg;igj; jLf;fpwJ.

3. tpy';FfSf;F thGkplkhf mikfpwJ.

4. epyj;jo ePiu cah;j;JfpwJ.

5. Rw;Wyh ika';fshf cs;sd.

8 .8 .8 .8 .8 . gRik g[ul;rp:gRik g[ul;rp:gRik g[ul;rp:gRik g[ul;rp:gRik g[ul;rp:

1967 ,e;jpa ntshz; Muha;r;rp fHfk; mwpKfg;gLj;jp epyr;rPh;j;jpUj;jk;/mjpf tPupaKs;s tpijfs;/ey;y ePh;g;ghrdk; gRikg;g[ul;rpf;F cjtpaJ. ,e;jpah czt[ cw;gj;jpapy; jd;dpiwt[ bgw;wJ.

9 .9 .9 .9 .9 . tUkhdj;ij fzf;fpLk; Kiwfs;:tUkhdj;ij fzf;fpLk; Kiwfs;:tUkhdj;ij fzf;fpLk; Kiwfs;:tUkhdj;ij fzf;fpLk; Kiwfs;:tUkhdj;ij fzf;fpLk; Kiwfs;:

_d;W Kiwfs; :

1. cw;gj;jp Kiw - ehl;od; bkhj;j cw;gj;jpapy; fzf;fplg;gLfpwJ.

2. tUkhdKiw - kf;fspd; tUkhdj;ij mog;gilahff; bfhz;L fzf;fplg;gLfpwJ.

3. brytpd Kiw - EfUk; bghUl;fis mog;gilahff; bfhz;L fzf;fplg;gLfpwJ.

1 0 .1 0 .1 0 .1 0 .1 0 . ,e;jpahtpd; rhiy tHpfis tpthp.,e;jpahtpd; rhiy tHpfis tpthp.,e;jpahtpd; rhiy tHpfis tpthp.,e;jpahtpd; rhiy tHpfis tpthp.,e;jpahtpd; rhiy tHpfis tpthp.

1. fpuhkr;rhiyfs; - fpuhk g";rhaj;jhy; eph;tfpf;fg;gLfpwJ

2. khtl;lr;rhiyfs; - efuhl;rp (m) khefuhl;rp eph;tfpf;fpd;wJ

3. khepyr;rhiyfs; - khepy muR eph;tfpf;fpd;wJ

4. njrpa beL";rhiyfs; - kj;jpa muR eph;tfpf;fpd;wJ

5. j';f ehw;fur;rhiy - khbgUk; rhiy tsh;r;rpj;jpl;lk;

6. tpiut[ beL";rhiyfs; - khbgUk; rhiy tsh;r;rpj;jpl;lk;

7. vy;iynahu rhiyfs; kw;Wk; gd;dhl;Lr;rhiyfs; vd tifg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd.



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10th Eng Tamil Medium.pdf

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Transcript of 10th Eng Tamil Medium.pdf