1071 Battle of Manzikert heralds influx ofTurks into Asia Minor

27th November 1095 Pope Urban II(p. 1088-99) preaches the First Crusadeat Clermont

Spring 1096 “Peasants’ Crusade” travels toConstantinople

Sept/Oct 1096 Peasants’ Crusade massacredby Saljuqs of Rum

Map Link: Europe and Muslim World c. 1097:

<http://www.shadowedrealm.com/lib/images/medieval/maps/map080.jpg>

End 1097 “Official” crusading armies reachConstantinople, are shipped acrossBosphorus

1109 Crusaders complete conquest of muchof Levantine coast, with states set upbased at Edessa, Antioch, Tripoli andJerusalem

Map Link: The Crusader States:

<http://www.shadowedrealm.com/lib/images/medieval/maps/map012.jpg>

1105 Kitab al-Jihad (Book of the Holy War)dictated in public by ‘Ali ibn Tahiral-Sulami (1039-1106)

1144 ‘Imad al-Din Zangi takes Edessa

1146 Zangi murdered by slave

1146-74 Reign of Nur al-Din

Jami‘ al-Nuri, Hama, Syria (bt. 1162-63);Great Mosque, Aleppo (restored by Nur al-Din,1169-70)

Map Link: Zangi’s Territories:

<http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Possession_of_Zengi_%281146%29.svg/2000px-Possession_of_Zengi_%281146%29.svg.png>

1148 Crusaders fail to take Damascus

1154 Nur al-Din takes Damascus

Jan 1169 Shirkuh becomes Fatimid vizier

1169-93 Reign of Salah al-Din Yusuf (Saladin)

1171 Death of Fatimid caliph al-‘Adid.Saladin abolishes Fatimid caliphate

1174 Death of Nur al-Din

Map Link: Saladin’s Conquests:

<http://www.npr.org/news/specials/mideast/the_west/crusades1187-map1.jpg>

1174-86 Saladin takes control of Syria

1187 Saladin destroys crusaders’ field army

1187-90 Saladin takes most of coast includingJerusalem

Map Link: The Battle of Hattin, 1187:

<http://www.hist.umn.edu/courses/hist3613/calendar/saladin/images/Map%20--%20battle%20of%20Hattin.jpg>

1189-92 Richard I and Saladin fight each otherto a standstill

Sept 1192 Peace agreement made. Richardleaves Levant

4th March 1193 Death of Saladin

1193-1250 Levant ruled by Saladin’s familyuntil ousted by Mamluks, who sweepcrusaders off coast by 1291

1140s Almoravid Empire: Revolts in someMuslim cities against Almoravids, withrulers being ejected

Map Link: The Almoravids:

<https://cmes.uchicago.edu/sites/cmes.uchicago.edu/files/uploads/Maps/Map%20-%20Spain%20Almoravids.pdf>

1121-30 “Reign” of Ibn Tumart as mahdiof the muwahhidun (Almohads =“unitarians”). Almohad position is mixof Sunni, Shi‘ite, Traditionalist andMu‘tazilite elements

1130-66 ‘Abd al-Mu’min reigns as Almohadcaliph

1130-47 ‘Abd al-Mu’min takes N. Africafrom Almoravids, incl. Marrakesh

1147-48 ‘Abd al-Mu’min takes south-westSpain

1160 ‘Abd al-Mu’min takes Ifriqiya

1170s ‘Abd al-Mu’min’s successors takesouth-east Spain

Mosque of Hasan, Rabat, Morocco (bt. 1199)

Map Link: The Muslim West in the Early 13th Century:

<https://cmes.uchicago.edu/sites/cmes.uchicago.edu/files/uploads/Maps/Map%20-%20Med%20West%20in%20Early%2013th%20Century.pdf>

1212 Almohads defeated at Las Navas de Tolosa

1269 Marinids take Marrakesh, completeconquest of N. Africa

1275 All but Granada in Christian hands

1492 Christians take Granada

mudejars (mudajjan = “permitted toremain”/“put to use”)

Map Link: Spain, 910-1492:

<http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/shepherd_1911/shepherd-c-082-083.jpg>

Ibn al-Khayyat al-Dimashqi (d. 1123/24)

Very little known about him

Poet in the service of an amir named ‘Adbal-Dawla

Ibn al-Qaysarani(b. Acre 1085, d. Damascus 1154)

Initially from Caesarea, but fled Frankishinvasion to Damascus

Was superintendent of mechanical clocksand poet, but satires offended rulerTaj al-Muluk Buri (r. 1128-32). Hadto leave

Passed into service of Zangi, then Nur al-Din,for both of whom wrote panegyrics

Usama ibn Munqidh (4/7/1095-16/11/1188)

Usama ibn Murshid ibn ‘Ali ibn Munqidh

From Shayzar in N. Syria

Lived in Shayzar until c. 1131, then servedZangi for a few years before returning home.Exiled from Shayzar again in 1138

Murshid (d. 1137) Sultan

Map Link: The Levant c. 1140:

<http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/SASH_D189_Map_of_the_crusader_states_of_syria_and_lebanon.jpg/400px-SASH_D189_Map_of_the_crusader_states_of_syria_and_lebanon.jpg>

Usama ibn Munqidh (4/7/1095-16/11/1188)

Joined court in Damascus, but becameembroiled in politics and had to leave in 1144.

Went to Egypt. Became embroiled in politicsand had to leave in 1154.

Joined court of Nur al-Din in Damascus

Usama ibn Munqidh (4/7/1095-16/11/1188)

Retired to Hisn Kayfa in c. 1164.

In 1174 allowed son Murhaf to persuade himto join court of Saladin. Usama and Saladinfell out two years later

Best known to historians for Kitab al-I‘tibar(Book of Learning by Example)