101 Citation of Sources

8/6/2019 101 Citation of Sources

1/73

BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATIONS

IMD101


2/73

PLAGIARISM & SELF PLAGIARISM

Plagiarism is the act of using another persons

words and ideas as if it were your own, that is

without acknowledging the original source.

Plagiarism is the use of another persons ideasor words without giving them the proper credit.

Plagiarism can occur when you use someone

elses exact words without giving them credit,

taking credit for someone elses ideas, orevenpresenting your own past work as a new idea.

Plagiarism can occur intentional or unintentional


3/73

HOW TO AVOID PLAGIARISM?

According to the APA manual (6th ed.),

the best method of avoiding plagiarism is

to cite the ideas, theories, and research

that directly influenced your work, citekey background information, information

that may support or dispute your theory

or hypothesis, or offer criticaldefinitions or data (p. 169).


4/73

HOW TO AVOID PLAGIARISM?

Provide notes note down the source (authorand title) or to further elaborate the point.

Endnotes listed at the end of every chapter orpaper

Footnotes written at the bottom of the pagewhere the information was inserted

Put borrowed words and ideas in quotationmarks

Prepare bibliography


5/73

WHY CITATION?

Citations used in the body

of your publicationidentify the source ofinformation.


6/73

HOW TO CITE?

1. In-Text Citations

Citations used in the body of your publication

identify the source of information. In-textparenthetical citations are used to give creditto the authors whose ideas or thoughts areused within the document. These internal

citations allow the reader to identify thesource and locate the information beingaddressed.


7/73

HOW TO CITE?

Paraphrasing-- is used when you take someone elses directquote and state their idea in your own words.

Changing a few words here and there is stillconsidered plagiarism even if you do cite theauthor.Paraphrasing means that you expressed the

authors information or ideas in yourown words and have given that person creditfor that information or idea. You can preventplagiarism by closing the document and restating

the idea in your own words.


8/73

PARAPHRASE

Example how the paraphrased version made changes tomore than 50% of the original wording:

1. Original Passage: Signedintolawin January 2002

by President GeorgeW. Bush,the No Child Left Behind

(NCLB) Act signaled the nations most sweeping education

reform of federal education policy in decades (Smith,

2008. p. 212).

2. Unacceptable Paraphrasing: Enactedintolawin2002 by President Bush,the No ChildLeft Behind Act

signaled the most sweeping education reform of U.S.

educational policy in decades.


9/73

Paraphrase

3. Paraphrased:Accordingto Smith (2008),the NoChild Left Behind Act (NCLB) Act provided the most all-

encompassing reform in U.S. education in almost half a

century. Or

The No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) Act provided the most

all-encompassing reform in U.S. education in almost half a

century (Smith, 2008)

Paraphrases must include the name of the author andthe year of publication


10/73

QUOTING DIRECTLY

When you directly quote an author, you need toput the exact words of the author in quotation

marks or follow the rules for a block quotation.

Include the exact spelling and interior

punctuation of the borrowed words. The author,year of publication, and page number(s) or

paragraph number for non-paginated materials

are always included in the text and a reference

citation is included in the reference list. See APAmanual (6th ed.), pp. 170-172


11/73

REGULAR QUOTE

a. RegularQuotes -- areusedwhenthe quote

islessthan 40 words.

McPherson (2007) coinedthephrase goblet

ofmotivation (p. 71).

Keep the author and year of publication

together.

Use quotation marks to identify the exact words

of the author.

Include the page number in parentheses

immediately after the direct quote.

Place the period after the parentheses


12/73

BLOCK QUOTES

b. Block Quotes areusedforquotesofmorethan 40 words.

Studentsat Nova Southeastern Universityhavefacedchallenges

inlearninghowtouse APA formatting.Whendiscussingthe

challenges, Strunk (1922) stated:Use quotesaroundanarticletitleorbookchapter, butitalicizethe

titleofa book, journal, brochure,orreportwhenusedinthe body

ofthepaper. Useashorttitleintheparentheticalcitationor

completetitleifthetitleisshort.

NOTE Non-periodicaltitleslike booksand booktitleshaveallthe

importantwordscapitalizedinthetextcitations, butthesesame

booktitlesdonothavealltheimportantwordscapitalizedinthe

referencelist. (p.

342)


13/73

CITATION PLACEMENT

Use the author-date methodofcitation byinsertingthesurnameoftheauthorandtheyearof

publication at the appropriate point in the text.

a. CitationsforParaphrased Information

Beginningofsentence

Krankenstein (2006) reported that empirical research

verified compliance.

Middleofsentence

After looking into the issue, Lynch (2007) stated that the

findings were not valid.Endofsentence

The report concluded were victims of cyber-terrorism

(Windhorst, 2004).


14/73

CITATION PLACEMENT

b. Citationswith Direct Quotes

Authorand quotetogether

The principal stated clearly that students needed

parental permission to leave school (Abbott,

2005, p. 25).

Authorand quoteseparated

MacDougall (2004) stated that the Information

Literacy Model needed to be implemented (p.

34).

Quotefrom non-paginated material

Winkowski (2007) stated, The research is

unreliable (Conclusion section, para 4)


15/73

PREVENTING PLAGIARISM

You can prevent plagiarism

by closing the document andrestating the idea in yourown words.


16/73

TYPE OF NOTES

Quotation marksEnd Notes

Footnotes

IbidOp. cit.


17/73

END-NOTES


18/73

QUOTATION MARKS


19/73

REFERENCE AT THEEND OF THEWRITING


20/73

END-NOTES


21/73

FOOTNOTES

noted

FOOTNOTES

AT THE

BOTTOM

OF PAGE


22/73

REFER THE AUTHORSNAMES AT THENOTES

Barnes &Olivei, 2003

Driscoll&Holden, 2004

Bhaskar, 1990

Eisner, 1998


23/73

Barnes and

Olivei, 2003

Driscolland

Holden, 2004

Eisner, 1998

Bhaskar,1990


24/73


25/73

From previous slide


26/73

Ibid

Ibid in Latin ibidem means in the same

place

For reference to the same page of work of the

same source immediately preceding

1. Kenith E. Peters. Document management (London: Bowker,

2006): 47.

2. Ibid.

3. Ibid, p. 64.

4. Parkson, Robert. Office management (New York: Porter,

2009): 34.


27/73

Op.cit.

Op.cit is from Latin opere citato in the work cited

Reference already cited, but not immediately preceding.

Should include authors last name only. Include page

number.

1. Kenith E. Peters. Document management(London: Bowker, 2006):

47.

2. Robert Parkson. Office management(New York: Porter, 2009): 34.

3. Sharon Pentfold. Change management in the office. (Paris: Crater,2010): 25.

4. Peters, op.cit., p: 37.

5. Pentfold, op.cit. p: 64.


28/73

BIBLIOGRAPHY VS. REFERENCE


29/73

What is referencing?

Referencing is a standard way ofacknowledging the sources of information andideas that you have in your assignments andallows the sources to be identified.

Why reference?Important to avoid plagiarism, to verify

quotations and to enable readers to follow upwhat you have written and more fullyunderstand the cited authors work.


30/73

Steps in referencing

1. Record the full bibliographic details andrelevant page numbers of the source fromwhich information is taken.

2. Insert the citation at the appropriate placein the text of your document.

3. Include a reference list that includes allin-text citations at the end of yourdocument.


31/73

In-text citations

In an author-date style, in-text citationsusually require the name of the author(s) andthe year of publication.A page number is included if you have a direct

quote, paraphrase a passage or you want todirect the reader to a specific page or idea.Page numbers may also be included if the youare referring to a long work and the page

numbers might be useful to the readers.


32/73

How to create a referencelist/bibliography?

A reference list includes just the books,articles, and web pages etc that are cited inthe text of the document.

A bibliography includes all sources consultedfor background or further readingA reference list is arranged alphabetically byauthor. If an item has no author, it is cited by

title, and included in the alphabetical list usingthe first significant word of the title.


33/73

How to create a referencelist/bibliography?...contd

If you have more than one item with thesame author, list the itemschronologically, starting with the earliestpublication.Each reference appears on new lines.Each item in the reference list is

required to have a hanging indention.References should not be numbered.


34/73

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL CITATION

APA

American Psychological Association

MLA Modern Language Association

CHICAGO STYLE

THURABIAN

HARVARD

ETC


35/73

WHAT IS BEINGREFERRED TO?

Book titles

Articles in Periodicals

Online Articles Newspapers

Websites

.others


36/73

BOOKS


37/73

BOOK

APA

1. Author

2. Year

3. Title: Subtitle,(edition, if any)

4. Place of publication

(City)

5. Publisher name

MLA

1. Author

2. Title: Subtitle,

(edition, if any)3. Place of publication

(City)

4. Publisher name

5. Year


38/73

ARRANGEMENT

BOOKWITH 1 AUTHOR APA

Author/s. (Year) Title: Subtitle, (edition, if

any). Place of publication (City, State): Publishername.

Stiglitz, Joseph (2003) Globalization and

its Discontents: An Overview. New York: Norton

Publishers.


39/73

ARRANGEMENT 2

BOOKWITH 1 AUTHOR MLA

Author/s. () Title: Subtitle, (edition, if any).

Place of publication (City, State): Publishername, Year.

Stiglitz, Joseph. Globalization and its

Discontents: An Overview. New York: Norton

Publishers, 2003.


40/73

APA

Todaro, Michael P. and Steven C.Smith (2003) Economic Development.

London: Addison Wesley.

MLA

Todaro, Michael P. and Steven C.Smith. Economic Development. London:Addison Wesley, 2003.

BOOK WITH 2-3 AUTHORS


41/73

BOOK WITH 3 AUTHORS

APA

Vincent, Jeffrey R., P. Ramachandran and RozaliMohamed Ali. (1997) Environment and Development in

a Resource Rich Economy: Malaysian Under the NewEconomic Policy. Cambridge: Harvard UniversityPress.

MLA

Vincent, Jeffrey R., P. Ramachandran and RozaliMohamed Ali. Environment and Development in aResource Rich Economy: Malaysian Under the NewEconomic Policy. Cambridge: Harvard UniversityPress, 1997.


42/73

BOOK WITH MORE THAN 3AUTHORS

Prasad, Eswar S., Kenneth Rogoff, Shang-

JinWei, and M. Ayhan Kose, (2003) Effects of

Financial Globalization on DevelopingCountries: Some Empirical Evidence.

Washington: International Monetary Fund.

Prasad, Eswar S., et.al. (2003) Effects ofFinancial Globalization on Developing

Countries: Some Empirical Evidence.

Washington: International Monetary Fund.

APA


43/73

BOOK WITH more than 3 AUTHORS

Prasad, Eswar S., Kenneth Rogoff, Shang-Jin

Wei, and M. Ayhan Kose, Effects ofFinancial

Globalization on Developing Countries: SomeEmpirical Evidence. Washington: International

Monetary Fund, 2003

Prasad, Eswar S., et.al. Effects ofFinancialGlobalization on Developing Countries: Some

Empirical Evidence.Washington: International

Monetary Fund, 2003.

MLA


44/73

BOOK WITH NO AUTHOR

From Paris With Love. (1965).

London: Longman.

From Paris With Love. London:

Longman, 1965.

APA

MLA


45/73

BOOK WITH NONENGLISH NAME APA

MALAYNAME NO SURNAME

Mohammed Husin Jamil. (2001) Mengenal

Ekonomi Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Fajar Bakti.

CHINESENAME WITH SURNAME

Tan Eu Chye and Mohammed Ariff. (2001)

Modern Malaysia In the Global Economy.

Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing.


46/73

BOOK WITH NONENGLISH NAME APA (contd.)

WITH SURNAME CHRISTIAN CHINESE, INDIAN, JAPANESE,KOREANS, ARAB, ETC.

Chow, Steven. (2005) Developing Peoples Power in

Democratic Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Berita Publishing.

Prasad, Eswar S. (2003) Effects ofFinancialGlobalization on Developing Countries: Some EmpiricalEvidence.Washington: International Monetary Fund.

Yoshihara, Kunio. (1988) The Rise ofErsatzCapitalism in Southeast Asia. Singapore: OxfordUniversity Press.


47/73

BOOK WITH NONENGLISH NAME MLA

MALAYNAME NO SURNAME

Mohammed Husin Jamil. Mengenal Ekonomi

Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Fajar Bakti, 2001.

CHINESENAME WITH SURNAME

Tan Eu Chye and Mohammed Ariff. Modern

Malaysia In the Global Economy.

Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing,

2001.


48/73

BOOK WITH NONENGLISH NAME MLA (contd.)

Chow, Steven. Developing Peoples Power inDemocratic Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Berita Publishing,2005.

Prasad, Eswar S. Effects ofFinancial Globalizationon Developing Countries: Some Empirical Evidence.Washington: International Monetary Fund, 2003.

Yoshihara, Kunio. The Rise ofErsatz Capitalism inSoutheast Asia. Singapore: Oxford University Press,1988.


49/73

JOURNALS & MAGAZINES


50/73

BIBLIOGRAPHIC ELEMENTSOFMAGAZINE/JOURNAL

APA

1. Author/s

2. Date (Year Month Day)

3. Title: Subtitle. Edition (if any)

4. Name of Magazine/ Journal, Issue or volume

5. Page number/s

MLA

1. Author/s


3. Name of Magazine/ Journal, Issue or volume

4. Date Month Day Year

5. Page number/s


51/73

APA CITATION


52/73

ARRANGEMENT APA

Author. (Year, Month, Day) Title: Subtitle.

Name of Journal/ Magazine, volume: page

number/s.

1

23

4

highlighted

5

1. Author/s



4. Name of Magazine/ Journal,

Issue or volume

5. Page number/s


53/73

JOURNAL & MAGAZINE ARTICLE(APA)

1 AUTHOR

Bello,Walden. (1998, January 12) The End of the Asian

Miracle. The Nation, no. 2: 266.

Krugman, Paul. (1995, July/August) Dutch Tulips andEmerging Markets. Foreign Affairs. Vol. 74, Issue 4: 12-13.

2-3 AUTHORS

Stiglitz, Joseph and Clive Crook. (2003, May 1) Survey of

Global Finance. The Economist.: 367.

Lockwood, Christopher, Paul Bernstein and Chang Teo Heng.

(2003, April 5) Survey of Malaysia. The Economist: 23-25.


54/73

JOURNAL & MAGAZINE ARTICLE(APA) contd.

MORETHAN3 AUTHORS

Bello,Walden, Paul Krugman, Michael Teoh and M.K.

Ravichandran. (1998, January 12) The End of the Asian Miracle.The Nation, no. 2: 266.

Bello,Walden, et.al. (1998, January 12) The End of the Asian

Miracle. The Nation, no. 2: 266.


55/73

Citation

MLA


56/73

ARRANGEMENT MLA

1. Author/s


3. Name of Magazine/ Journal, Issue or volume (highlighted)

4. Date Month Day Year

5. Page number/s

Author/s. Title: Subtitle. Name of Journal/

Magazine, volume. Month, Day Year: pagenumber/s.

1

4

2 3 (highlighted)

5


57/73

JOURNAL & MAGAZINE ARTICLE(MLA)

1 AUTHOR

Bello,Walden. The End of the Asian Miracle. The Nation, no. 2.

January 12, 1998: 266.

Krugman, Paul. Dutch Tulips and Emerging Markets. Foreign Affairs.Vol. 74, Issue 4. July/August, 1995 : 12-13.

2-3 AUTHORS

Stiglitz, Joseph and Clive Crook. Survey of Global Finance. The

Economist. May 1, 2003: 367.

Lockwood, Christopher, Paul Bernstein and Chang Teo Heng. Survey

of Malaysia. The Economist. April 5, 2003: 23-25.


58/73

JOURNAL/MAGAZINE ARTICLEWITH NO AUTHOR

APA

Shuttle crew studying ozone layer.

(2000, April) Time: 34.

MLA

Shuttle crew studying ozone layer. Time.April 2000: 34.


59/73

JOURNAL & MAGAZINE ARTICLE(MLA) contd.

MORETHAN3 AUTHORS

Bello,Walden, Paul Krugman, Michael Teoh and M.K. Ravichandran.

The End of the Asian Miracle. The Nation, no. 2. January 12, 1998:266.

Bello,Walden, et.al. The End of the Asian Miracle. The Nation, no. 2.

January 12, 1998: 266.


60/73

JOURNAL ARTICLE (MLA)

JOURNAL

Bello, Walden. The End of the Asian

Miracle. The Nation, no. 2. January 12

1998 : 266.


61/73

NEWSPAPER ARTICLE


62/73

ARRANGEMENT APA

Author. (Year, Month, Day) Title: Subtitle.

Name of Name of Newspaper: page

number/s.

1

23

4

highlighted

5

1. Author/s



4. Name of Newspaper

5. Page number/s

Mohd. Azam Noor. (2003, July 3) US Attack Iraq. New

Straits Times. 3 : 1.


63/73

ARRANGEMENT APA

APA

Mohd. Azam Noor. (2003, July 3) US

Attack Iraq. New Straits Times. 3 : 1.

MLA

Mohd. Azam Noor. US Attack Iraq. NewStraits Times. 3 July 2003: 1.


64/73


65/73

OTHER INFORMATIONMATERIALS

E E


66/73

Capra, F. (Director & Producer). (1934). It happened One Night

[Film].

Derbyshire, Ernheart.et.al. Glacial Map of Tasmania. [Map].

London: Royal Geographical Society.

Haze in Malaysia: Impact on Tourism. (2000, December 2).

Majalah 3.With Norazlina Ridhwan. TV3. Damansara, Selangor:

STMB.

Habsah Hassan (Producer) & Othman Hafsham (Director).

(2000). Soal Hati [Film]. Kuala Lumpur: Serangkai Film Sdn. Bhd.

Rembrandt. (1999). Two Dancers on Stage. [Portrait]. London:

National Gallery of Art.

NON-PRINTED MATERIALS(APA)


67/73

EXERCISES

BOOK APA / MLA

Title: Capital Flows Volatility

Publisher: Zed Books

Subtitle: From Crisis to Recovery

Place: London

Author: Michael Moore

Year: 2007


68/73

ANSWER

APA

Moore, Michael. (2007) Capital FlowsVolatility: From Crisis to Recovery. London: ZedBooks.

MLA

Moore, Michael. Capital Flows Volatility: FromCrisis to Recovery. London: Zed Books,

2007.


69/73

EXERCISES

BOOK APA / MLA

Title: Effects ofFinancial Globalization

Publisher: International MonetaryF

undOther Authors: Prasat Kumar, John Peters, andAhmad Karim Awang

Subtitle: Some Empirical Evidence

Place: Washington

Author 1: Chang KohWei

Year: 2001


70/73

ANSWER

APA

Chang Koh Wei, et.al. (2001) Effects ofFinancialGlobalization: Some Empirical Evidence. Washington:

International Monetary Fund.

MLA

Chang Koh Wei, et.al. Effects ofFinancial

Globalization: SomeE

mpiricalE

vidence.Washington: International Monetary Fund,2001.


71/73

EXERCISE CONTINUED

JOURNAL ARTICLETitle: Capital Flows Volatility

Journal Name: Journal ofEconomics

Subtitle: From Crisis to Recovery

Month, Day: 27 January

Page number/s: 17.

Author: John Moore

Year: 2007

S


72/73

ANSWER

APA

John Moore. (2007, January 27 )

Capital Flows Volatility: From Crisis to

Recovery. Journal ofEconomics.: 17.

MLA

Moore, John. Capital Flows Volatility:

From Crisis to Recovery. Journal of

Economics. January 27, 2007: 17.


73/73

END OF SESSION

Thank you

101 Citation of Sources

Documents

Transcript of 101 Citation of Sources