Architecture & DesignAalborg University - Denmark

4th Master semester – Architectural design 1st of February - 2nd of June 2010

Title: Masanga DwellingSubtitle: Environmental Architecture in an African Context

Thesis project by: Rasmus Christensen Hamann

Supervisor: Peter Lind Bonderup

Technical supervisor: Asger Hyldgård

In cooperation with: Architects Without Borders - Denmark

Also including Appendix CD and Program and Process folder

Rasmus C. Hamann

synopsisThe project deals with an actual problem concerning lack of dwell-ings for the hospital staff in Masanga, Sierra Leone. The project is made in cooperation with the Danish department of Architects Without Borders. The aim is to integrate parameters such as material technology, natural ventilation, daylight and cooling/heating in the project and due to the economic frame of the project low tech solutions are in focus. The design will be carried out as a prototype of staff dwell-ings and an overall master plan of the area wherein the dwellings are placed. The overall basis for the design is the climatic context being warm and humid. As a point of departure for the project, fi eld work is made in Ma-sanga. Here the sociologic, cultural and topological context is investigated and registrations of the site are made.

aimThe aim of the project can be summarized as:To create a social and environmental sustainable solution for the design of a prototype of staff hous-ing and a master plan containing the staff housing , wherein elements as a symbiosis between universal culture and the place, local materials and the climate are taken into consideration.

introductionThis folder is the presentation of the master thesis project by Ras-mus C. Hamann specialized in Architectural Design at the Depart-ment of Architecture and Design at Aalborg University. Besides this folder is the program and process which are descriping the phases of the project in detail. The project deals with a sustainable solution for the design of staff housing for Masanga Hospital in Sierra Leone, Westafrica. The project is made in cooperation with the Danish department of the NGO Architects Without Borders (AWB), which aim is to develop the build environment and to support those who do not have access to the knowledge of an architect. [www.arkitekterudengraenser.dk]. The project is based on fi eld work made in Masanga in Sierra Leone.

water tower hostel

river

road

stream

doctors housenew house

100m

north

water tower

forest line

100m

north

existing conditionsThe area around Masanga is primarily former rain forrest and is dominated by a main road, a river and a small stream.

master plan conceptThe master plan for the new dwellings in the area is determined by the distance to the water tower that is supposed to be reintroduced in the future and the line of where the existing high forest is placed.

master planThe master plan of the approximately 40 dwellings are divided into cluster to obtain a village in the village principle with a strong rela-tion between the dwellings in a cluster.The priority of the cluster are determined to the distance to the water tower - stating that the clusters closest to the water tower to be build fi rst. Furthermore the cluster places in the existing forest are to be prioritized in terms of taken advantage of the shading from the high trees. The dwellings are placed in the landscape to adapt to the near context and adjacent buildings in terms of orientation and shape.

#1

#2

#7

#8

#9

#3

#4

#5

#6

100m

north

time

- existing

- building of houses in the high forest. - planting of trees in the new areas for shadowing the future houses - planting of bamboo for building material

- building of houses in the new area - the bamboo are used for the new buildings

new trees

bamboo

high forrest

river

new houses

river

new houses houses

river

development principleThe development in the area is thought as while building houses in the existing high forest, the areas now covered with bush can be planted with trees and bamboo respectively to provide shading and create a free source of building material for the future houses.

relation between the dwellingsThe dwellings are placed in small clusters in the landscape as small villages. The dwellings are mirrored and rotated to create a social sphere and connection between the dwellings, especially by letting the kitchen part of the dwellings face each other.The roof is adapted to the specifi c site and orientation of the dwell-ing, thus two neighboring dwellings will vary from one another.

cluster

relation to the surroundingsThe kitchen part of the dwelling connects the dwelling to the sur-rounding dwellings. Furhermore the terrace of the lower level reach out and connect inside and outside.By making an interior level the transition between inside and outside becomes more diffuse.

dwelling conceptThe dwellings consist of three main elements. The roof, the space/frame and the base, each having their individual properties and expression.

roofshading chatching the wind shelter for rain

space/frameadapt to the programlayers of shadingtransparancy

basecreate stabilitythermal massfi re proofsecurestatusrelation to topography

zoningThe zones of the dwelling is accross the materials, thus connection the heavy and light construction with the program.Mosquito net

fl exibility

base, frame and coverThe concept of the dwelling is divided into three parts. A base that relates the dwelling to the landscape, a roof that act as shelter for rain and utilize the wind for cooling, and a frame that defi nes the place for living, spanned by the base and the roof.

kitchen areaThe kitchen area of the dwelling is constructed in rammed earth. The stove is built into the wall element to create the impression of the base of the building being a monolithic mass, refering the earth that it is built of. The kitchen is placed in a zone that can be seen as partly inside and partly outside.

living areaIn close relation to the kitchen area is the living area. It contains a level that divides the living in a social orientated part and a more private part. The level can be used as seating and for dining in the absence of furnitures.

fl exibilityThe upper part of the dwelling can be arranged according to the occupants and the specifi c site. It is constructed from changeable lightweight wall elements applied in a frame structure. The master bedroom is connected to the base where a secure closet is placed for the valuables of the occupants.

north elevation 1:50The sleeping part of the dwelling is elevated to increase the air movement around and underneath the rooms to cool the dwelling. The relation to the levels of ground will be utilized in the same way for all dwellings, with the base connecting to the ground, and the sleeping rooms taking advantage of the slope to increase the air movement. By rotating and mirroring the dwellings, site specifi c conditions are met.The access to the dwelling is through the base/kitchen.

north elevation 1:50The sleeping part of the dwelling is elevated to increase the air movement around the rooms to cool the dwelling. The relation to the slope will be the same for all dwellings, with the base connecting to the ground, and the sleeping rooms taking advantage of the slope to increase the air movement. By rotating and mirroring the dwellings site specifi c conditions are met.The access to the dwelling is through the base/kitchen.

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cooking6,25m2

living20m2

sleeping6,25m2

sleeping6,25m2

private living8,75m2

sleeping6,25m2

toilet/bath2m2

plan 1:50The plan is divided into a private area for sleeping/private living and an outward related zone connecting to the surroundings.The materials of the dwelling is rammed earth at the base and wood and bamboo as the frame and roof part. The materiales are used according to their individual properties and expression.

north

living 20m2

cooking6,25m2

toilet/bath2m2

sleeping6,25m2

sleeping6,25m2

sleeping6,25m2

private living8,75m2

1 2 3 4 5

A

B

C

D

6

detail 1

detail 3

detail 2

section I

sect

ion

II

sect

ion

III

exit

exit

exit

plan no. 1project: Masanga Dwellingmade by: ma4-ark6 scale: 1:50date: 02.06.2010

6 5 4 3 2 1

ventilation openings

wooden deck

bamboo ceiling

ventilation openings

concrete foundation

rammed earth wall

bamboo sticks - diameter 40mm

bamboo beams - diameter 80mm

section I no. 2project: Masanga Dwellingmade by: ma4-ark6 scale: 1:50date: 02.06.2010

6 5 4 3 2 1

elevation north no. 3project: Masanga Dwellingmade by: ma4-ark6 scale: 1:50date: 02.06.2010

654321

elevation south no. 4project: Masanga Dwellingmade by: ma4-ark6 scale: 1:50date: 02.06.2010

DCBA

elevation west no. 5project: Masanga Dwellingmade by: ma4-ark6 scale: 1:50date: 02.06.2010

DCBA

detail 3

rammed earth wall

roof beam 80x80mm

section II no. 6project: Masanga Dwellingmade by: ma4-ark6 scale: 1:50date: 02.06.2010

DCBA

detail 1

section III no. 7project: Masanga Dwellingmade by: ma4-ark6 scale: 1:50date: 02.06.2010

D C B A

elevation east no. 8project: Masanga Dwellingmade by: ma4-ark6 scale: 1:50date: 02.06.2010

detail 1 no. 9

Bamboo column - diameter 80mm

Bamboo beam - diameter 80mm

Wood beam - 80x80mm

Wood floor - 20x80mm

Concrete point foundation

Stainless steel profile

Bolted joint

project: Masanga Dwellingmade by: ma4-ark6 scale: 1:50date: 02.06.2010

scale: 1:10

isometric drawing

detail 2 no. 10project: Masanga Dwellingmade by: ma4-ark6 scale: 1:50date: 02.06.2010

scale: 1:10

Corner column 80x80mmBolted joint

Bamboo column diameter 80mm

East/west facing wall element

Splitted bamboo sticks for facing

Bamboo beam for supporting the wall elements

Bamboo column diameter 40mm as buffer between wall elements

North/south facing wall element

6

A

project: Masanga Dwellingmade by: ma4-ark6 scale: 1:50date: 02.06.2010

Bamboo roof beam - diameter 80mm Bamboo eave beam - diameter 40mm

Roof beam - 80x80mm Bolted joint

Rammed earth wall

Column cast in the rammed earth wall to support the roof construction

A

detail 3 no. 11

scale: 1:10