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100+celebrating the centenary planning for the future

Published in 2008 by Amgueddfa Cymru – National Museum Wales, Cathays Park, Cardiff, CF10 3NP, Wales.© The National Museum of Wales

Editor: Robin Gwyn Production: Mari Gordon Design: www.nb-design.com Welsh text: Elin ap Hywel, Catherine Jones Printing: MWL Print

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Our vision is to createa world-class museumof learning.

Amgueddfa Cymru – National Museum Wales 100+ celebrating the centenary: planning for the future01

02-03 Meet the Family

An introduction to our family of seven museums

04-05 Croeso!

A word from Mike Houlihan,Director General

06-27 Looking back…

Highlights of the centenarycelebrations

28-33 The year in pictures…

Some well-known names and faces

34-41 Looking forward…

A taste of our plans for the future

42-43 Thank you

Our supporters and sponsors

44 Your museum, your say

Over to you…

Cover image:

close-up of the birdwing butterfly

These rare but spectacularbutterflies live in rainforests aroundsouth-east Asia and Australia.Birdwings are highly prized bycollectors, but their biggest threat is from habitat destruction. Loggingactivity and palm oil plantations areeroding the remaining rainforesthabitat.

The best way we can protectbirdwing butterflies is to preservetheir habitat. This way the manythousands of unique plants andanimals that also live with thebutterflies will be protected.

In Papua New Guinea birdwingbutterflies are legally protected, and butterfly ‘ranches’ have beenset up. Butterfly ranching has beena successful, but small-scale,project. The buying of ranchedbutterflies helps to protect the wildpopulation and their habitat. Formore information about this andmuch more from our collections, see our new website Rhagor –www.museumwales.ac.uk/Rhagor.

02 04 06

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34Contents


Amgueddfa Cymru is a family of

seven museums located throughout

Wales. Each family member gives

a unique insight into our history,

while sharing the Amgueddfa

Cymru values of excellence and

learning.

www.museumwales.ac.uk

Meet the family

National Museum Cardiff

Cathays Park, Cardiff National Museum Cardiff is unique amongthe UK’s national museums in its range ofaward-winning displays. It was home tothe immensely popular exhibition Industryto Impressionism during our centenarycelebrations and now houses Origins, theinnovative new archaeology exhibition.Work is currently underway to completelyredisplay the art collections, and todevelop a concept for a natural sciencemuseum for Wales.

The National Slate Museum

Llanberis, Gwynedd In the original Dinorwig Quarry workshops,the National Slate Museum reveals thestory of life in the Welsh slate quarryingcommunities. Visitors can browse thefoundry, forges and sheds as well as a row of re-erected original quarryworkers’houses. Visitors can also see the UK’slargest working waterwheel and livedisplays of splitting and dressing slate by hand by skilled craftsmen.

The National Waterfront

Museum

Maritime Quarter, Swansea The National Waterfront Museum is Wales’s newest national museum.It explores the effects ofindustrialisation and maritime tradingon the lives of the people of Wales.The Museum is housed in anoriginal, listed waterfront warehouselinked to a new, ultra-modern slateand glass building. The galleriesinclude iconic objects from Wales’sindustrial heritage and cutting-edgeinteractive displays.

Big Pit: National Coal

Museum

Blaenafon, TorfaenSet in the heart of a World HeritageSite, Big Pit is a complete formerworking coal mine. It offers a vivid taste of a whole way of life in its award-winning displays and galleries. Visitors can join ex-miners and make the memorabledescent over 90 metres to the verydepths of the mine and experience the total darkness that miners onceworked in day after day. Big Pit wonthe Gulbenkian Museum of the Year award in 2005.


The National Roman

Legion Museum

Caerleon, Newport The town of Caerleon stands on thesite of one of only three permanentRoman legionary bases in Britain.Originally founded by the CaerleonAntiquarian Association in 1850, theNational Roman Legion Museum hasbeen displaying a rich collection ofRoman finds in its galleries for over150 years. Outdoors, visitors can see a reconstructed soldiers’ barracks, the amphitheatre and the newlydeveloped Roman garden.

St Fagans: National History

Museum

St Fagans, CardiffSt Fagans is one of Europe’s leadingopen-air museums and Wales’s mostpopular visitor attraction. It featuresover forty historic buildings, collectedfrom all over Wales and re-erected inthe stunning grounds of St FagansCastle. In 2007 the new gallery Oriel 1was opened, in order to explore thedifferent aspects of what it means tobe Welsh. Plans are currently underwayto house the national archaeologycollections at St Fagans, transforming itinto a truly comprehensive experienceof Wales’s history.

The National Wool Museum

Dre-fach Felindre, CarmarthenshireHoused in the building that was onceCambrian Mills, this museum tells thestory of life in the heart of the Welshwoollen industry. Modern galleries anddisplays explore the techniques and skillsand take a poignant look at the lives ofthe workers. Located in the beautifulwest-Wales countryside, visitors canfollow the whole manufacturing process– from fleece to fabric.


Croeso!

I love museums and galleries; theyare magical playgrounds where theimagination can be turned loose.Objects can tell us hidden stories,capture our emotions and promptour memories.

Museums open up new possibilitiesand trigger powerful ideas andexperiences. They make us considerwhy the present is as it is, and whatthe future might hold.

I’m not alone in feeling this passionabout the power of objects. During2007, Amgueddfa Cymru’scentenary year, 1.6 million visitswere made to the seven nationalmuseums in Wales – the highestannual total since the originalNational Museum of Wales wasestablished in 1907.

Thanks to the support of the WelshAssembly Government, every visithas been free since April 2001, and museum-going in Wales hasbecome popular with people of all ages and backgrounds.


The first part of this bookletcelebrates the success of thecentenary year and shows that we are in the enjoyment industry,as well as being an educationservice. To entertain, we have tograb people’s attention throughcreativity, innovation – and evenrisk-taking.

Which brings us to the future. The second part outlines ourexciting and challenging ideas for the coming decade, and howyou can join us on a journey ofhistorical, artistic and scientificexploration.

I hope you enjoy reading about ourplans – and that you’ll let us knowwhat you think.

Michael HoulihanDirector GeneralAmgueddfa Cymru – National Museum Wales

> 1.6 millionthe total amount of visits made to our museums in 2007

> 9%increase in visits since previous year

> 100 yearssince Amgueddfa Cymru’s founding by Royal Charter

> 124%the increase in visits since free entry was introduced in 2001

> 264,195visits to Wales’s newest national museum, the National Waterfront Museum, in 2007/8

> 674,678the record-breaking number of visits to St Fagans in 2007/8

Lookiback…Highlights of the cen


ng…

tenary celebrations

Amgueddfa Cymru – National Museum Wales 100+ celebrating the centenary: planning for the future08 Looking back…

In April 2007 a new gallery, Oriel 1,opened at St Fagans: NationalHistory Museum. The gallery’s firstexhibition is Perthyn / Belonging.The exhibition uses four themes –voices, beliefs, family and nation –to explore just what it is that shapesour sense of who we are and wherewe belong.

Oriel 1 provides opportunities for people to engage with thecollections and their stories at alllevels – physically, intellectually and emotionally. It creates anenvironment where visitors canbring their own memories andexperiences, and express what it means to be Welsh in today’sWales.

We are experimenting not only withwhat is displayed, but how it isdisplayed. In some places, familiarobjects are used; in others, lessfamiliar objects are illustrated byplacing contemporary equivalentsnext to them. The exhibitionincludes music and oral history, as well as film and video from ourcollections and other organizationsincluding the National Library ofWales and the BBC.

‘Belonging’A new gallery takes a good look at who we are

So far, about 35,000 visitors haveenjoyed this unique experience. Visitor comments include:

Feels like a living piece of history,not all focused on the past

Rather than telling what Welsh is,as supposed to be, it allows Welshpeople to explore themselves whatit is to be Welsh...

It allows you time and opportunityto explore your own thoughts onWelsh heritage and present day in a clear environment that isinformative in an informal way.

Children’s activities and familybooks are brilliant!

It was looking to the future in theeyes of the past. Excellent displays,best I’ve seen. I would love to comeagain and again.

Dude, this rocks!

Oriel 1 is sponsored by Principality Building Society


The immensely popular exhibitionIndustry to Impressionism: whattwo sisters did for Wales ran atNational Museum Cardiff from July 2007 to January 2008. Theexhibition told the story of how the extraordinary impact of theindustrial revolution in Wales led to one of Europe’s finest artcollections, here in Cardiff today.

The sisters in question, Gwendolineand Margaret Davies, were amongBritain’s foremost art collectors inthe twentieth century. Althoughmany people think of them as self-effacing, religious, unworldlywomen, we learnt that they werealso sophisticated and well-educated, particularly in the visualarts. The exhibition featured thesisters’ private journals and familyphotographs – the first time thesefascinating documents had beenseen in public. These revealed theirrich and varied experiences, fromvolunteering in First World Warcanteens to setting up musicfestivals and the Gregynog Press.

Their love of art and music andtheir deep religious convictionturned their home, Gregynog Hall in mid-Wales, into a centre forcreativity and debate. AmongGregynog Hall’s many famousvisitors were George Bernard Shaw,prime minister Stanley Baldwin andcomposers Vaughan Williams andGustav Holst. But perhaps the mostobvious evidence today of theircreativity is their outstanding artcollections, including works byCézanne, Renoir, Degas, Manet andMonet. Both sisters bequeathed

their collections to the Museum ontheir deaths, transforming Wales’snational art collection.

Their wealth came from the exploitsof their grandfather – David Davies(1818-1890), popularly known as‘Davies the Ocean’. From humbleorigins, Davies went from being a carpenter to building much of the railway system in mid-Wales,becoming a pioneer of the southWales coal industry and the drivingforce behind the construction ofBarry dock.

The exhibition brought to life theconnection between a uniquelyproductive and wealthy period inWales’s history and the formation of an internationally renowned artcollection that now brings pleasureto thousands of people.

A beautiful book, published to markour centenary year, accompaniedthe exhibition. ‘Things of beauty’:the Davies sisters and Wales waslaunched at the exhibition’s openingand is still selling consistently manymonths after the exhibition hasclosed – testament to the popularfascination with this story.

‘the contributors to this informative,well-produced book … illuminatelesser known aspects of the sisters’artistic interests and humanitarianconcerns.’ (Cambria magazine)

‘ ‘Things of Beauty’ … is generouslyillustrated with photographscomplementing the text admirably.It is a marvellous bargain.’(www.gwales.com)

The book is available from the shopat National Museum Cardiff or fromyour local bookshop, priced £14.99.The book is also available in aWelsh-language edition, Cyfoeth,celf a chydwybod, also £14.99.

The Davies Sisters left Wales a unique and priceless legacy. If you have thoughtabout leaving a legacy of any size toAmgueddfa Cymru please contact Caroline Hurley, Individual GivingDevelopment Officer, on (029) 2057 3145or [email protected] to discover how all legacies can make a difference to the work we do now – and for the future.

From industry to Impressionism

(Right) Monet’s Waterlilies (1905). Just one of themany art treasures bequeathed to AmgueddfaCymru by the Davies sisters of Gregynog.


A stunning collection of outfitsmade from Welsh wool by adesigner from Wales – the perfectexcuse for the National WoolMuseum to host its first ever styleshow on 25 October 2007.

The show was presented by HuwRees, a well-known name in Welshfashion, who has styled world-famous celebrities including ShirleyBassey, Charlotte Church andKatherine Jenkins. The highlight ofthe show was a set of outfitsdesigned in the 1960s and 1970s.The outfits were designed by DrSheila Harri, using wool that cameoriginally from Cambrian Mills –now the home of the National WoolMuseum. The show also told thestory of how today’s Wales wasshaped by the thriving woollenindustry of the twentieth century.

‘One of the highlights of thecentenary programme, the eventwas an opportunity to showcase the fashion of Welsh textiles, fromthe swinging 60s to its recentrevival on the British andinternational catwalks’ said Ann Whittall, Museum Manager.

‘Although new Welsh talent wasalso showcased, the focus was Dr Harri’s range, created fromflannel made at Cambrian Mills,where the National Wool Museumis located today. Thanks to Dr Harriand her kind contribution, theclothes have come home to theMuseum, and will now be part ofWales’s national collections.’

Welsh wool hits the catwalkThe National Wool Museum hosts a celebratory style show


On 19 May 2007 the National SlateMuseum celebrated its twinningwith the Slate Valley Museum inGranville, New York State. Thetwinning scheme celebrates thelasting historical and cultural ties between the communities of north Wales and those of theslate region in the USA – known as the slate belt.

‘We commemorated the culturaland industrial links between the two sites, and how the slateindustry has created uniquecommunities in both of oursocieties’ said Dr Dafydd Roberts,the National Slate Museum’sKeeper. ‘Over a century ago, whenmoney was tight in the quarryingareas of north Wales, many familiesmoved to the United States to lookfor a better life. We tell some of thestories we’ve collected from localpeople over the past two yearsabout their relatives in America –some of who are still in touch witheach other today.’

Music played a large part in thetwinning celebrations. Visitors were entertained by popularWelsh-American band CajunsDenbo, and the choir Côr Cyntaf i’r Felin sang the popular Welshsong Moliannwn. The song waswritten by Benjamin Thomas, whowas born in Bethesda in Gwyneddbut spent much of his life in NorthPawlet in New York State.

Mary Lou Willits, Executive Directorof the Slate Valley Museum inGranville, said: ‘The connectionbetween the two slate regionsstretches back 500 million years, to when both regions were part of the same land mass, andculminates with the immigration of thousands of Welsh quarrymento work in the quarries of the Slate Valley of New York State’.

A slate belt ties museums togetherOur twin town – in the USA


In the run-up to our centenary year the archaeology displays atNational Museum Cardiff werespectacularly redesigned. The newexhibition, Origins: in search ofearly Wales, explores therelationship between past lives andthe present. People have lived inWales for over 230,000 years – howdifferent were their lives from ours?

New research meant we couldrevisit old stories, and explore newand more personal interpretationsof the collections. Origins featuresmany famous and iconic objects.Treasures include that masterpieceof Celtic blacksmithing, the CapelGarmon Iron Age firedog, as well as recent discoveries such as anexquisite early Roman bronze cupwith a silver-spotted leopard handlefrom Abergavenny. The 230,000-year-old teeth from PontnewyddCave are also featured.

The so-called Red Lady of Pavilandis on loan from Oxford UniversityMuseum of Natural History, inWales’s first exhibition of theseinternationally significant remains.The skeleton – actually a male – was excavated in 1823 by ProfessorWilliam Buckland, who glossed over the evidence for its extremeage and argued it represented an‘excise man’, and later a femaleRoman camp follower. It has nowbeen radiocarbon dated to around29,000 years ago.

In order to give contemporary views of these ancient objects andlandscapes, art and music are used.In particular, the artist Mary LloydJones worked with schoolchildrenand produced a spectacular newpainting especially for theexhibition. She says: ‘preparingwork to be included in Originsreleased a high level of creativeenergy which continues … theenthusiastic response from staffand public gives me confidence and optimism to build on thisexperience’.

‘Origins’Using our past to find out about today

(Right) Mary Lloyd Jones’s Triptych. © the artist


In 1998 St Fagans began thechallenging work of moving,rebuilding and refurbishing a stone-built medieval church – one of thefirst projects of its kind in Europe.Nearly ten years later, on a mistySunday in October 2007, St Teilo’sChurch was officially opened at St Fagans by the Archbishop ofCanterbury, Dr Rowan Williams.

St Teilo’s Church, which was fondlyknown as ‘the old church on themarsh’, had served Llandeilo Tal-y-bont in west Wales for some800 years and became a locallandmark. However, the buildingceased functioning as the parishchurch in 1852 when a new church– also named St Teilo’s – was builtin nearby Pontarddulais. The oldchurch was used for burials andoccasional services, but even thesefinished in 1973, and it began to fallinto disrepair. Attempts to restorethe building were hampered bysubsidence, flooding and its remote location, before it wasoffered to the Museum.

The Church was moved stone bystone to St Fagans. All survivingoriginal materials have been used,and any missing items werereplicated by experts. Masons,carpenters and painters have re-built and decorated the Church as it would probably have looked inthe 1520s. This was a complicateddecision, but it was inspired by thediscovery of a set of extremely rarewall paintings dating from thisperiod, which were found whiledismantling the building.

First Minister Rhodri Morgan hasparticularly personal memories of the Church: ‘My great-greatgrandparents were one of the verylast couples to get married there.Following my great-great-grandmother’s death in childbirth,my great-great grandfatherremarried in the new Pontarddulaischurch, in what was the firstmarriage in that church.

‘I have watched the incredible skillsof the restoration team … This is a stunning addition to the treasuretrove of Welsh history contained in St Fagans.’

The process of re-erecting thisbuilding has been an attraction initself – visitors have witnessed, firsthand, the traditional techniquesused by the Museum’s specialistcraftsmen. By using anddemonstrating these high-qualitycraft skills, the Museum is handingon St Fagans as a centre for thepreservation of these skills to future generations.

‘Everyone should see this building.The colours are brilliant, thereproduction … exact in itsscholarship, and the impact is dazzling.’(Simon Jenkins, Guardian.co.uk)

The opening of the Church wasaccompanied by a booklet, whichcovers the history of the buildingfrom its original location to thedetails of its meticulous re-erectionat the Museum. The book has over40 beautiful illustrations and costsjust £3.99, from the shop at StFagans or through your localbookshop.

We are grateful to everyone who donatedtowards the cost of the work on theChurch, including in particular our Patrons.If you would like to find out aboutbecoming a Patron please contact SianRuss, Development Officer, on (029) 20573182 or [email protected].

Bringing a medieval building aliveSt Teilo’s Church at St Fagans


If you thought the people of Waleshad nothing to do with the slavetrade – you would be wrong!

Wales has been involved withslavery for at least 2,500 years, from before the arrival of theRomans, through the horrors of the transatlantic trade – and even today.

Last year marked the 200thanniversary of the BritishParliamentary abolition of the slavetrade – a major milestone in thefight against slavery. To mark this,the National Waterfront Museumhosted the exhibition Everywhere in chains, which examined the roleplayed by Wales and its people inslavery and the continuing fightagainst it.

Welsh people who ownedplantations bought, sold and kept slaves and also made largeprofits from slavery. Many Welshindustries – iron, copper andwoollen cloth – also owed theirprosperity to connections with theslave trade. During the second halfof the eighteenth century, Walescontrolled half of the world’s copper and by 1800 Swansea wasproducing 90 per cent of Britishcopper. Much of this was used tofuel the slave trade. Factory workersmade bar iron and copper trinketsthat were used to buy Africanslaves. The Penrhyn slate quarryand estate in north Wales wasfunded by profits from the Pennantfamily’s Jamaican slave plantations.The Cyfarthfa iron works were alsobuilt on the profits of slave estates.

The people of Wales have also beenat the forefront of the fight againstslavery – lobbying governments,helping escaped slaves andcampaigning for human rights.Today, that fight continues, asillegal slavery still exists in the form of human trafficking.

Head of the Waterfront Museum,Steph Mastoris, said: ‘It’s obviousthat in a maritime nation like Walesmany Welsh people were involvedin transatlantic slavery. However,Wales’s strong culture of religiousnon-conformity also resulted inpeople fighting actively against the trade and promoting theemancipation of slaves.’

In chainsWales and the slave trade at the National Waterfront Museum


July at the National Roman LegionMuseum saw the return of theRomans. The Museum’s mightyMilitary Spectacular rolled intotown, and the famous Ermine Street Guard brought Caerleon’samphitheatre to life.

Visitors were treated to a fantasticweekend of Roman re-enactment,with live displays of marching,cavalry and artillery.

Our younger Roman recruits weresigned up for the Junior Legion,and rewarded with certificatesbefore marching proudly aroundthe amphitheatre. They also met aRoman doctor, to learn about somesurprising, and sometimes scary,cures – if they were brave enough!

One of the most popular featureswas the ‘fussy eaters’ challenge.The Museum had invited people to nominate anyone they thoughtdeserved the title ‘fussiest eater’.Chef and food historian SallyGranger then showed how Romaningredients like honey, fish sauce,lentils and different herbs cantransform very basic dishes intoappetising meals.

The Romans had a reputation forserving very strange food, such as‘rotton fish sauce’, and flavouring it with too many spices. But Sallyshowed that this reputation isn’tfair, and that Roman food isparticularly good – in fact Sallyprides herself on being able toconvert the most ‘picky’ of eaters.While many people were willing torise to the challenge, we’ll neverknow if Sally’s Roman recipies havemanaged to convert them for good!

The Romans are comingA military spectacular at the National Roman Legion Museum


Rhagor is the Welsh word for‘more’. It’s also an exciting newproject – a new website developedespecially to give more access tothe Museum’s 4.5 million objects,most of which have to be stored out of sight, either because they are used for research or becausethey are just too fragile to bedisplayed. Launched in September2007, Rhagor includes a wealth ofarticles, images, quizzes and maps –all designed to reveal these hiddentreasures.

Material from Rhagor doesn’t onlyappear on our own website; we’reusing other websites to shareinformation about Wales’s nationalcollections by putting images andstories on the hugely popularphoto-sharing site Flickr and theinteractive site Google Earth. Thishelps us raise the profile of thecollections with a huge range of new audiences – globally.

Help us to create a photographic

record of Wales at work

Rhagor’s ‘Your History’ section hasbeen set up to include images andrecollections from all around Wales,submitted by the people of Wales.We are initially focusing on ‘Walesat Work’ – presenting a selection of images and recollections relatingto industrial work in and aroundSwansea. Images include a widerange of people at work, includingmining, steelworkers, factoryworkers, dockers and cottageindustry workers. We want to buildon this by inviting you to submitimages of industries from the restof Wales, along with names,memories and recollections. In thisway, ‘Your History’ will expand toinclude a wide range of memoriesand experiences.

Send us a digital image of you or a member of your family at work –whether from the past or today. Any type of job can be shown, in a factory, a shop, a mine, an officeor on a boat – wherever in Walespeople work or have worked.

Don’t forget to tell us as much asyou can about the picture – thenames of the people photographed,if you know them, and what theydid or do for a living. We wouldalso like to know where and whenthe image was taken, if possible.Send your images to:[email protected] look forward to hearing from you!

www.museumwales.ac.uk/Rhagor

A very different museum visitThe hidden collections go online

(Right) Tulipa Lutia Lituris by Basilus Besler (1561-1629). One of the many previously ‘hidden’treasures you can now see on Rhagor.


In the summer of 2007 celebrities fromall corners of Wales came together tocampaign for their favourite icons fromWelsh history to become the definitive‘national treasure’.

The BBC TV series National Treasuresshowed sixteen of the most iconictreasures from the Museum’scollections. The treasures werechampioned by top personalities from the worlds of sport, TV, music,aristocracy and even the army. Over the course of the series, with the help of museum staff and historians like Dr John Davies, the celebrities learntmore about their favourite object asthey explored its history. This was theiropportunity to discuss why their chosenobject was important to them, and topersuade viewers why it should be a‘national treasure’.

Throughout the series, viewers votedonline, and in the final show inSeptember the votes of the liveaudience were added. And the winner?The people of Wales chose the pitheadbaths, at Big Pit, as Wales’s favourite‘national treasure’.

Tanni Grey-Thompson

Paralympic gold medallistand former Welsh Womanof the Year GoldGold was mined in Wales atGwynfynydd and Dolaucothi,and wedding rings for the royalfamily have traditionally beenmade from Welsh gold. It’sthought gold was one of thereasons the Romans came toWales.

Tanni looked at various goldobjects in the Museum’scollections. The Bronze Agebracelets pictured above werediscovered in Carmarthenshire.Jewellery from this period wasworn by people of wealth andinfluence, who enjoyed thelatest fashions andcraftsmanship. Some of thepieces are extremely delicatewith intricate designs.

Derek Brockway

TV weather presenter Van Gogh’s painting Rain, AuversVan Gogh painted it in 1890,just weeks before he shothimself. He had moved toProvence, hoping it would helpwith his depression. During the

last few weeks of his life hepainted thirteen large pictures of the fields around Auvers.Perhaps the most strikingfeature of this picture is thedriving rain, which Van Goghshowed as slashes across thecanvas. The painting wasbought by Gwendoline Davies in Paris in 1920. It later becamepart of her magnificent bequestto the Museum which, alongwith her sister’s, transformedthe Welsh national artcollections.

Josie D’Arby

TV presenter and actressThe Capel Garmon firedogThis Iron Age masterpiece ofCeltic blacksmithing would havestood next to the hearth at thecentre of a round house. It wasmade by a highly skilled mastercraftsman, and its owner wasprobably wealthy and influential.

Like so many of our nationaltreasures, it was found byaccident. It was uncovered in1852 on a farm in CapelGarmon near Llanrwst. Expertsbelieve that it was placed in thebog deliberately as an offeringto a god of the pagan Celticworld.

National TreasuresSeven museums, sixteen icons, one winner


Iolo Williams

Natural history TVpresenterThe leatherback turtleThe turtle was found onHarlech beach in 1988, it had drowned after gettingentangled in a fishing rope. It’s the largest leatherback ever recorded.

Sea turtles have beenswimming in our oceans since before the age of thedinosaurs. But there areserious fears about their future. They are threatened by pollution, fishing andexploitation – this is a speciesthat needs protection.

Estimated to be 100 years oldwhen it died, the Museum’sturtle is precious evidence ofour natural world and how our environment is changing.

Gareth Edwards

Former internationalrugby playerThe coracleThis unique vessel has beenused for around 11,000 years,both for fishing and transport.In Wales, they tend to be madeof willow or ash, and covered

with calico or canvasimpregnated with pitch and tar.The exact designs vary fromone area to another. They’relight – up to 40lbs – and afishermen can carry one on his back, using a strap attachedto the coracle.

Once at the heart of the ruralfishing industries, today only a few licences for its use areissued each year on rivers suchas the Tywi and the Teifi.

Cerys Mathews

MusicianThe Welsh shawlThe Welsh Nursing Shawl orSiol Fagu was 6ft square andworn wrapped around bothmother and child, leaving themother’s hands free to carry onwith her work. Made of purewool flannel, it was a stapleproduct of the Welsh woollenmills. The wool for shawls wasprocessed in a special way inorder to ensure it was softenough.

The shawl is both practical andkeeps the baby close to themother’s body. Cerys used this technique with her ownchildren.

Glyn Wise

Ex-Big Brother contestantThe CabanThis is where slatequarryworkers gathered to eat their lunch, drink tea anddebate union matters, theminister’s sermon, sport orlocal gossip.

There were stringent rules.Younger workers sat at theoutskirts of the room, and theolder quarrymen sat closest to

the stove. The tea-urn, orffowntan, was at a constantsimmer – it was a cardinal sinto let it boil dry! Each cabanhad a llywydd (president),which was a prestigiousposition. He ensured that therules were adhered to, readaloud from the newspaper andannounced local events such as concerts and special chapelservices.

The caban was at the heart of the workers’ cultural andsocial life during their longworking days.

Lembit Opik MP

MeteoritesMeteorites, housed at NationalMuseum Cardiff, are the oldestobjects in the Museum’scollections. They're thought to be around four billion yearsold – older than Earth itself.

The biggest is part of ameteorite found in Namibia in1938. Made of iron, the wholemeteorite is thought to haveweighed about 20,000 kilos.The piece on display in Cardiffweighs around 260 kilos.

Another meteorite fell throughthe roof of a hotel inBeddgelert, Snowdonia in1949, where it was found in an upstairs lounge.

Meteorites hold a greatfascination for astronomers and geologists alike. Withoutmeteorites, they say, therewould be no other nationaltreasures!

Ruth Madoc

ActressSt Teilo’s ChurchAmgueddfa Cymru beganmoving this church from westWales, stone by stone, over ten years ago.

The church dates back to the 13th century, but wasreconstructed to look as it wouldhave done in 1520, before thereformation. Plenty of researchwas done to ensure that theChurch looks as it would havedone in the Middle Ages.

The Church’s re-erection hasbeen witnessed and enjoyedover the years by thousands ofvisitors. Opened in autumn 2007,as an example of both medievaland contemporary craftsmanshipit’s rapidly becoming one of StFagans’ most popular attractions.


Mike Peters

MusicianThe triple harpThe triple harp appears to haveoriginated in Italy around 1600.However, it was immenselypopular in Wales, possiblybecause it doesn’t have theheavy metal parts of thetraditional harp, and so waseasier to transport over Wales’sterrain. Due to its popularity, itbecame known as ‘The WelshHarp’. By the nineteenth century,it had become the nationalinstrument of Wales.

Owen Money

TV and radio presenterThe Trevithick replicaRichard Trevithick's famoussteam locomotive was the first in the world ever to run on rails,and helped Merthyr Tydfildevelop into an industrialpowerhouse.

Samuel Homfray of thePenydarren ironworks engagedTrevithick to build a locomotive to carry iron along a newlyopened tramway.

On 21 February 1804 Trevithick’sengine hauled 10 tons of iron and70 men from Penydarren to

Abercynon – but not withoutproblems. The engine’s chimneyhit a low bridge, and the tramrails broke at intervals due to theheavy load. But Trevithick hadproved that a steam engine couldrun on rails. This replica of theengine is now at the NationalWaterfront Museum in Swansea.

Robert Croft

International cricket playerThe Shanghai EisteddfodChairThis stunning chair is from the1933 National Eisteddfod inWrexham. It was donated to the Eisteddfod by J. R. Jones of Shanghai, who originally camefrom Llanuwchlyn.

J. R. Jones spent much of hislife in Hong Kong and Shanghai,but maintained strong links withWales and the Eisteddfod.

The chair was won by EdgarPhillips from Pembrokeshire. He won many Eisteddfod chairs,but said that this was hisfavourite.

It was given to the Museum by his family, and is a mainattraction in the new gallery Oriel 1 at St Fagans.

National TreasuresSeven museums, sixteen icons, one winner


Rt Hon. Shan

Legge-Bourke

Lady in Waiting to Princess AnneAbernodwydd FarmhouseThis farmhouse was built in 1678for farmer Rhys Evan. The panelsbetween the wall timbers are filledwith traditional wattle and daub(woven hazel rods daubed withclay) and the black and whitetimber construction is highlytypical of the area.

The furniture includes a cwpwrdddeuddarn, a long table withbenches and two four-posterbeds. If the beds seem short,that’s because at that time, it wasthought that lying down to sleepwas bad luck, so people sat upwhen they slept! This building issuch an iconic part of St Fagans,for many years it was used as theMuseum’s logo.

Simon Weston OBE

Former Welsh Guardsman,injured in the FalklandsWar, now author andcharity workerRoman gravestonesThese gravestones help us buildup a picture of people’s lives inRoman Wales. People like JuliusValens, a veteran of the secondAugustan legion who lived to be100 years old. The inscription onhis gravestone says that it waserected by his wife, JuliaSecundina, and their son, Julius Martinus.

Another, found a kilometre westof the fortress, is a familygravestone. It records the deathof Tadia Vallaunius aged 65, andher son Tadius Exuperatus, whodied aged 37 on the Germanexpedition. The inscription saysthat the gravestone was put upby Tadia’s daughter TadiaExuperata, beside her father'stomb.

The two stones are now reunitedat the National Roman LegionMuseum, where they are apoignant illustration of how theRomans lived – and died – inWales.

Tom Shanklin

International rugby playerLovespoonsThe lovespoon has been a tokenof love in Wales for centuries.

Different symbols all have veryspecific meanings: a key isthought to mean security, thedragon is a symbol of protection,diamonds are for luck, and across carved into a spoon is asign of the carver's faith.

Carvers need to be very skilful to produce such works of art,especially as they’re traditionallyproduced from a single piece ofwood. The spoons are thereforecarved with great care, beforebeing given as a token of thecarver’s love.


They weren’t actually baths, butrow upon row of showers. It’sdifficult for us today to imagine thehuge impact their introduction hadon the lives of miners – andperhaps more so on their families.Until then, miners had to travelhome in their work clothes andwash in a tin bath that had to be hand-filled with gallons of hot water by their wives.

Baths were gradually introducedduring the first half of the twentiethcentury, during the same periodthat old age pensions, the NHS and votes for women were beingintroduced. Big Pit’s baths wereopened in 1939. However, not allthe miners were keen to begin with.They weren’t used to stripping off in public, and thought they mightsuffer health problems if theywashed before travelling home.Undoubtedly, the whole concept of showers was foreign – theminers had to be given leafletsexplaining how to use them!However, the women must surelyhave welcomed the introduction of the pithead baths.

Wales’s favourite national treasureBonnie Tyler, singer, champions Big Pit’s pithead baths


Many of the plans for our futuredevelopments were furtherinspired by the centenaryprogramme’s closing event. In December we held a specialconference, entitled NationalMuseums and Small Nations, at National Museum Cardiff.

The discussions covered a range of minorities – ethnic, linguisticand religious – in nations of allsizes. Prestigious speakers camefrom Europe, the USA, Canadaand as far afield as New Zealand.They included W. Richard West Jr.,right, who was the foundingdirector of the National Museumof the American Indian, part of theworld-famous SmithsonianInstitution in Washington, DC, in his last public engagementbefore retiring.

The delegates attended livelypresentations and debates, allrelevant to small and bilingualnations, all over the world. Theconference gave us many new and exciting contacts with ourcolleagues internationally, andsparked fresh new ideas for ourown plans here in Wales.

The second day of the conferenceculminated in a grand dinner for the delegates and other invitedguests including donors, supportersand stakeholders, hosted by LoydGrossman, who is chair of theCampaign for Museums and whogave a memorable talk about therole of national museums.

National museums in small nationsThe centenary programme ends with inspiration for the future

Amgueddfa Cymru – National Museum Wales 100+ xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx00 IntroductionAmgueddfa Cymru – National Museum Wales 100+ celebrating the centenary: planning for the future28

The y pictur

Amgueddfa Cymru – National Museum Wales 100+ xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx00 Introduction

ear ines

1.

In January, Lord and Lady Daviesjoined many guests for theopening of the prestigiousexhibition Treasures from Wales at Christie’s in London. The eventattracted valuable and ongoingsupport for the plans to developthe art galleries at NationalMuseum Cardiff.

2.

Lord Dafydd Ellis-Thomas (right),Presiding Officer of the NationalAssembly for Wales, attended the launch of the centenaryprogramme at Cardiff’s HiltonHotel in February.

3.

The popular Welsh poet GwynThomas (centre), Wales’s NationalPoet for 2007, attended the launchof Oriel 1 in March. The poems hewrote especially for Oriel 1 arenow displayed at the gallery’sentrance.

4.

In April, an exhibition of the work of the famous Welsh-bornphotographer Angus McBeanopened at National MuseumCardiff. The exhibition includedmany of McBean’s iconic images,from his early, surreal pictures tolater celebrity portraits.

5.

May saw the publication of a veryspecial book to mark AmgueddfaCymru’s centenary. The bookuses historic archive photographsand stunning, fresh new imagesto explore the highlights of thenational collections. It alsointroduces us to some of thefascinating people who helpedbuild the collections, and themuseums, over a century.Available from the Museum shopor your local bookshop, just£14.99. Available in Welsh,Dathlu’r ganrif gyntaf.

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Amgueddfa Cymru – National Museum Wales 100+ celebrating the centenary: planning for the future31 The year in pictures…

In a celebratory event in October,the Archbishop of Canterbury,Rowan Williams, officially openedSt Teilo’s Church at St Fagans.The First Minister Rhodri Morgan,Lord Dafydd Ellis-Thomas andrepresentatives from differentreligions from all over Wales alsoattended the event, whichmarked the culmination of some10 years’ hard work.

On a scorching Tuesday in June,National Museum Cardiff hosteda visit by the Queen, PrincePhilip, Prince Charles and theDuchess of Cornwall. In Cardiff to open the Welsh AssemblyGovernment session, the royalvisit coincided with the exhibitionat the Museum of ten Leonardoda Vinci drawings from HerMajesty’s own collection.

Amgueddfa Cymru – National Museum Wales 100+ celebrating the centenary: planning for the future32 The year in pictures…

These stunning portraits of the First Minister of Wales RhodriMorgan AM, TV presenter Sian Lloyd and soccer legend RyanGiggs went on display at National Museum Cardiff in November.The three photographers, Huw Davies, Anastasia Taylor-Lind and Amelia Kilvington, were winners of the 2007 NationalPhotographic Portrait Commission. The annual commission isorganized by Amgueddfa Cymru and the National Portrait Gallery.

1/2.

Later in November to cap aweek’s hard preparation for thegame against world championsSouth Africa, the Welsh rugbyteam visited Big Pit, for a historylesson and some team-building –the old-fashioned way!

3/4/5.

These unique ceramics byPicasso and the painting Acidgreen crescent by WassilyKandinsky were purchased as special centenary acquisitions.Support from the Derek WilliamsTrust helped us to add theseworks, by some of the 20thcentury’s most important artists,to the national collections.

6.

Michael Heseltine spent time atthe National Waterfront Museumas part of the BBC Wales TVseries Coming Home.

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Lookiforwa

ngard…

Amgueddfa Cymru – National Museum Wales 100+ celebrating the centenary: planning for the future36 Looking forward…

St Fagans was opened in 1948 as a cutting-edge open-air museum,portraying how the people of Waleslived, worked and spent their leisuretime over the last 500 years. Today,the Museum has over 40 originalbuildings, moved from variousparts of Wales and re-erected toshow different periods in history.

During 2007, we started work on a ten-year strategy to redevelop the country’s most popular visitorattraction as a National HistoryMuseum for Wales.

When we started to put together the concept of a ‘world-classmuseum of learning’ in 2005, we consulted with around 5,000organizations and individuals inWales and beyond. The results ofthe consultation confirmed whatmany visitors from home andabroad have been telling us overthe years – that St Fagans is wherethey expect to experience the storyof the development of a nation.

So, during the next decade, St Fagans will be developed tobecome just such a place, tellingthe story of the peoples and nationof Wales, from earliest times to thepresent day.

St Fagans already attracts 600,000visits a year from loyal fans andtourists who love its remarkablecollection of historic buildings. The development will improve what we offer visitors, putting the buildings and collections intothe wider context of the nationalhistory of Wales.

To do this, much of the archaeologycollections will be moved fromNational Museum Cardiff and re-displayed at St Fagans to create a comprehensive timeline of history. Visitors will be able toexplore the development of Wales,the country and its diverse people,from the earliest times.

The timing of this major project will depend on the availability offunding, although we hope to begin work in 2011/12. The cost is expected to be in the region of £12m-£15m. We are hoping toattract government, commercial,grant and individual support. Ifyou’re interested in helping, orsimply finding out more about this exciting project, please contactJo Morris, Head of Development, on (029) 2057 3183 [email protected].

Creating a national history museum for Wales


National Museum Cardiff is well-known for its extraordinarily richcollection of beautiful art objects.However, the grand, spaciousgalleries needed somerefurbishment to recapture theiroriginal visual drama. Also, weneed to show a greater range ofobjects, present well-known art infresh ways as well as exploring newthemes and ideas. We also want tocreate spaces for education andcontemporary art practice.

So, in May 2006 some of the artgalleries were closed and westarted packing away the paintings.We started work on a major projectthat included repairing the roof andimproving the environmental andsecurity systems.

In 2007 we started to completelyredisplay the celebrated artcollections. Some galleries have already re-opened, and by November 2009 the full range of the art collections will be shownas a brand new display in onecontinuous series of galleries.

In the new galleries, we willhighlight the production of art in Wales and, for the first time,explore its relationship to the widerhistory of European art. It will alsotrace the impact of the Welshlandscape on artists. Other gallerieswill highlight the famous Frenchpaintings and sculpture in theDavies collection, and presentBritish and European modern art.Changing displays will explore the work of artists from Wales,especially Gwen John, AugustusJohn, Cedric Morris and CeriRichards. We will also be able toshow exhibitions of major modernand contemporary art, raising theprofile of the Museuminternationally.

This work would not be possiblewithout the generosity of manysupporters. If you would like tohelp, please contact theDevelopment Department on (029) 2057 3184.

And further into the future…

These developments are the firststep in a much longer journeytowards eventually establishing a dedicated national gallery of artfor Wales.

Amgueddfa Cymru has been part of a long-term study into thecreation of a national gallery forWales. In conjunction with the ArtsCouncil for Wales, a report wascommissioned to review the issuesinvolved. The report wasconsidered by the Welsh AssemblyGovernment, who have establisheda steering group to help prepareproposals for the creation of anational centre for contemporary art and a national gallery.

A view of the futureRefreshing the national art collections


Just as the Welsh AssemblyGovernment has enshrinedsustainable development as one of its underlying principles, weintend to create a natural sciencemuseum for Wales, to promotescience in Wales and Welsh scienceto the world.

The world today faces enormousproblems related to climate change,sustainability and biodiversity loss.We believe that we have animportant contribution to make tothese contemporary debates – moreand more, natural science museumsare recognizing the role of theircollections in current issues. Afterall, natural science collections are atthe heart of our understanding ofthe variety of life on earth.

We believe that natural sciencemuseums can, and should, bemajor players in helping peopleunderstand today’s environmentalcrisis. We can also make hugecontributions to the researchneeded to monitor the changes to our natural world.

One of the ideas for the newmuseum will transform access tothe objects used for research, andusually kept out of sight. Modern,new display spaces would meanthat we could make these parts ofthe collections, and the researchwork our curators do, visible tovisitors. By changing the traditionalbarriers between the laboratories,storerooms and galleries we cancombine our displays with the‘behind the scenes’ work that drivesthem. This is just one of the ways inwhich we aim to excite and informnew, as well as existing, audiences.By doing so, we hope to help makeWales one of the world’s first trulysustainable nations.

Using our natural science collections in new ways


You might not know it, butAmgueddfa Cymru is the mostactive lender of objects from itscollections in the UK. At any onetime, around 3,000 items are onloan at over 130 venues. We wereone of the first museums to developa collection for distribution toschools – the Schools Service – set up in 1948 and now evolved into today’s Outreach Collection.

Since 2002, this sharing principlehas been boosted by two schemes –Cyfoeth Cymru Gyfan-SharingTreasures and Celf Cymru Gyfan-Artshare Wales. These schemesenable museums and galleriesaround Wales to share the nationalcollections with local audiences.Partner venues have included OrielYnys Môn, Brecknock Museum &Art Gallery, Wrexham CountyBorough Museum, PontypoolMuseum, Carmarthenshire CountyMuseum, Scolton Manor Museum,Abergavenny Museum, LlandudnoMuseum, Oriel Mostyn,Bodelwyddan Castle, Ruthin CraftCentre, Glynn Vivian Art Gallery and Oriel Davies in Newtown.

We’re also working withPembrokeshire Coast National Parkon the new Oriel y Parc gallery.Opening later this year in St Davids,it will feature exhibitions thatexplore the landscape of Wales in a unique setting.

We also collaborate on learningprojects all over Wales. Usingimaginative approaches, we takepart in activities at all sorts ofvenues, as well as web-basedprojects or sessions in schools and colleges.

Recent projects include the free,web-based tutors’ pack CamauCymraeg. This is a resource thatWelsh-language tutors can use withtheir learners at the National SlateMuseum. It was preceded byLlwybrau Llafar at St Fagans, andwill soon be followed by GwauGeiriau at the National WoolMuseum. All these packs providenovel ways for Welsh learners toexperience different aspects ofWelsh culture at the same time asdeveloping their language skills.

Often, our community projectsexplore cultural relationships, likethe Eid Muslim festival celebrationsat St Fagans in October 2007, andthe events at National MuseumCardiff for the Somali community.

For the Festival of Muslim Culturesin 2006-07, we worked with leadingfigures from UK-wide Muslimorganizations, and similardiscussions with key Hinduorganizations have led to moreprojects at St Fagans.

Learning through sharing – and sharing our learning


We would like to extend ourappreciation and thanks to all thosewho have supported us. If youwould like to offer your support,please contact the DevelopmentDepartment at Amgueddfa Cymru –National Museum Wales, CathaysPark, Cardiff, CF10 3NP.

Corporate sponsors

Anonymous donorsChristopher Wood LimitedCommunity UnionCorusLegal & GeneralPrincipality Building SocietyWelsh SlateWestern Cork LimitedWestern Power Distribution

Trusts, foundations and other

major supporters

Aggregates Levy Sustainability FundBERRBritish Institute of GeologicalConservationCardiff City CouncilCardiff Harbour AuthorityCardiff University Department ofHistory and ArchaeologyColwinston Charitable TrustCountryside Council for WalesDerek Williams TrustEsmee FairbairnEuropean Regional DevelopmentFund INTERREG IIIAIRELAND/WALES CommunityInitiative Programme

European Social FundFriends of Amgueddfa Cymru –National Museum WalesG C Gibson Charitable SettlementGruntdvigHeritage Lottery FundIGCPINTERREG IIIB Programme forNorth West Europe MarineBiological AssociationLaspen TrustMEPF – ALSFNatural EnglandNew Art CentreNewport Borough CouncilPitt-Rivers Charitable TrustP&O Makower Trust SR & PH Southall TrustThe Art FundThe Crown EstateThe Geological SocietyThe Leverhulme TrustThe Royal SocietyThe Art FundWelsh Assembly GovernmentWolfson Foundation

Thank you


Lead Patron

The Rt Hon. the Earl of Plymouth

Life Patrons

One anonymous Life PatronEnid ChildCaptain Sir Norman Lloyd EdwardsKCVODr Margaret ElmesMarion EvansSigi and Wynford EvansMr and Mrs R. A. ForsterNigel and Jane GibbsChristopher GridleyJo HirstAnita JohanssonDr Margaret Berwyn JonesMalcolm and Monica PorterR. Paul RussellAnna Southall

Patrons & Individual Donors

Four Anonymous PatronsAnonymous DonorsDavid H. AndrewsMrs E. M. AustinGordon Scott BagnallLawrence and Elizabeth BanksLeslie and Marian BeckettPeter Bennett-JonesAbigail BrownDavid and Carole BurnettDan Clayton-Jones Esq.Dr Sarah CockbillMrs Valerie CourageRobert and Rhian CroydonMargaret DaviesGeraint Talfan DaviesBanba Dawson

Walter and Shael DickieEleri EbenezerRobert EdwardGerard and Elisabeth EliasMrs Wynne EvansMrs Christine Eynon Roger and Kathy FarrancePearl E. GaytherJonathan GrayMichael GriffithLoyd Grossman OBESir Richard Hanbury-Tenison KCVOAlan and Judith HartMr and Mrs Ben HerbertMr and Mrs Robin HerbertG. Wyn Howells MBEAfanwen JamesDavid Fraser JenkinsJane JenkinsMrs D. H. R. JenkinsAnne and Hywel JonesTerry JonesIan and Julia KelsallMiss Pat KernickNeil KinnockProf. John LastDafydd Bowen LewisMr Gerry Long MBE and Mrs Pat LongL. Hefin LookerPaul and Lynne LoveluckJulian MitchellJohn and Doreen MorganPeter MorganRichard and Rose MorganGuy MorrisonPeter and Maria NeumarkMr John PhillipsMichael and Sian Phipps

Mathew PrichardAnthony and Mary PughThe Rt Hon. the Lord RaglanThe Rt Hon. the Lord Rees QCDr Colin J. Richards and Mrs Ann RichardsJohn RobertsMike and Mary SalterRichard and Gaynor SmartDr P. M. SmithJaci StephenJohn and Genevieve Foster ThomasBev Thomas MBESir John and Lady ThomasRoger G. ThomasKen and Fran TrumanDavid Vaughan CBE QCDavid and Christine VokesHaydn and Dorothy WaltersDr Peter WarrenDr Jane WatkeysMrs Meriel WatkinsJohn and Hilary WeberRichard Weston and Linda ProsperMr and Mrs I. T. WigleyDr D. M. J. and Dr M. V. WilliamsRuth and Gareth WilliamsDr W. B. Willott CBViscount WindsorDerek and Joan WoolleyDr Hilary Lloyd Yewlett

In memory of Patrons who sadlypassed away during the yearMarian Beckett

All those who endowed seats in theOakdale Institute


Do you think you’d like to help uswith our plans for the future? Lastyear your views helped shape awide range of activities includingthe development of Oriel 1, St Teilo’s Church, Rhagor, the artand natural science displays atNational Museum Cardiff, theFestival of Muslim Cultures andmuch more besides.

We’re working hard to make surethat people from all over Wales canget involved and help shape thefuture of the national museums. As we move forward with the majorplans we have described here, lookout for public meetings, surveysand questionnaires – there will bevarious ways we’ll be hoping tohear from you.

If you’re interested in working withus in this way or if you simply wantto know more about ourconsultation plans, please contactElaine Cabuts, Public ConsultationCo-ordinator, at Amgueddfa Cymru– National Museum Wales, CathaysPark, Cardiff, CF10 3NP, on (029) 2057 3204 [email protected].

We look forward to hearing fromyou – thank you.

Your museum, your say

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