10 Myths and Mistakes o f First Generation TOD p resentation to Prince George’s County Planning...
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10 Myths and Mistakesof First Generation TOD
presentation to Prince George’s County Planning StaffAlia Anderson, ULI Washington
June 29, 2012
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Characteristics:
• Close to high-quality transit• High(er) Density• Mixed-use• Walkable• Less parking
Benefits:
• Reduced transportation costs• Community investment and
revitalization• Improved job access and regional
economic competitiveness• Enhanced community amenities
including retail, services, open space, institutional uses
• Less congestion and improved air quality
• Healthier families with reduced obesity rates
Transit-oriented Development (TOD)
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1. Transit-adjacent ≠ Transit-oriented TOD = A walkable neighborhood near transit
• Transit station platforms must be an easy and attractive walk to destinations
• Sidewalks must be wide, well-lighted and landscaped
• Small parks and open spaces throughout
Payoff from TOD
Red
uced
Car
Trip
s
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1. Transit-adjacent ≠ Transit-oriented Example: Mockingbird Station, Dallas
• Model TOD has been criticized for lack of strong pedestrian connectivity
Mockingbird Station, Dallas Texas
http://www.dallascityhall.com/forwardDallas/pdf/UrbanDesignElement.pdf
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2. Overbuilding Retail
Why is mixed-use fundamental to TOD? Active streetscape Walk to errands, lunch, etc.
But…• Many places can’t support entire ground floor
of retail
• Goal is mixed-use district – not every building has to be vertical mixed-use
• Can activate streetscape in other ways
Siena Park, Arlington
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3. Who benefits from TOD?
Many early TOD projects didn’t prioritize affordability
• Low income people spend higher portion of income on housing + transportation
• New development can lead to increased surrounding property values
Solutions Preservation
New Units
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3. Who benefits from TOD?Preservation of existing affordable units
• Help maintain district affordability & preserve neighborhood character
• Help bring community on board with TOD
Case Study: LA Housing Dept. TOD Preservation
http://reconnectingamerica.org/assets/PDFs/20120524LAHDTODPreservationFinal.pdf
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3. Who benefits from TOD?New Units
• Regulatory strategies or incentives
• Market-affordable projects
• Property Acquisition
Case Study:
Rhode Island Station, Washington, DC
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4. Family-oriented TOD Biggest demand for TOD coming from empty nesters and young professionals
Family-friendly TOD can: Create diverse and stable communities around transit Help retain existing residents Improve physical activity and access to opportunity for youth
Strategies:
• Identify which stations are best for family-focused TOD
• Involve students and youth in your planning process
• Create a place for school officials in the planning process
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5. NIMBYsCreating YIMBYs takes:
• Long-term commitment • Ex: Great Communities Collaborative
• Early public engagement
• Champions
“Developers worry about the market but fear public process.”
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5. NIMBYsWhat we know about champions:
• One Champion must be an influential political official
• Champions need to be able to make the business case
• Projects also need “Technical Champions”
• Project champions need to know, trust and work together
• Champions need to be in it for the long haul
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6. Myth: “If you zone it, they will come”• Transit alone is not enough
• Great zoning alone is not enough
• TOD ingredients: Transit Market Infrastructure Zoning
• Might involve saying NO to projects
• Requiring new partnerships• Example: Central Corridor Funders Collaborative
“Is greenfield development still
cheaper and easier than infill and TOD?”
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7. Creative parking and TDM• Parking drives the economics and design of a project
A study found that TOD projects in CA provided 37% more parking spaces than needed during peak hours.
“Are TODs Over-Parked?” Cervero et. al. 2011
Strategies:
• Shared parking, Market pricing, Variable pricing, Parking maximums….
• Creative transportation demand management programs:
• Example: Pleasant Hill BART Station Segwey-share
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8. Prioritizing TOD efforts• Jurisdictions must have laser focus on priority areas
Case Study: Portland Metro’s TOD Strategic Plan
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9. The Role of Transit• Focus is on frequency and reliability of transit, not mode
• Some success with BRT TOD but still limited• Example: Cleveland
• TOD without transit? Walkable Urban Places
$4.3 billion in private investment along
corridor
In the DC region, as walkability features that attract pedestrians increase, so do office, residential, and retail rents, retail revenues, and
for-sale residential values.“Walk this Way: The Economic Promise of Walkable Places in Metropolitan Washington, D.C.” Lineberger
and Alfonzo, 2012
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10. Making TOD Unique• Most people think of TOD as….
• TOD should be unique and indigenous
• Historic Preservation is key
• Product depends on the context
• Housing• Office• Retail (big box?)
• Case Study: Englewood, CO
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Transit-oriented Development (TOD)
Questions and Feedback