10 Good Ipmphc1
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Transcript of 10 Good Ipmphc1
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Maintaining Healthy Landscapes
IPM/PHC
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Integrated Pest Management
IPM– an environmentally sensitive approach to
controlling pests that does not rely totally on pesticides.
– Focus is on the pest rather than on the plant.
– PROPER PLANT CARE IS PART OF IPM
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Plant Health Care
PHC– A holistic system that focuses more on
healthy landscapes rather than the pest.– Coined by the International Society of
Arborists.
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Pest Management
NO MATTER WHAT YOU CALL IT, MAINTAINING A HEALTHY LANDSCAPE REQUIRES MUCH MORE THAN SPRAYING PESTS.
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PHC
1. Know your plants– Culture/Care/Siting– Start right (soil
preparation)
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Black plastic under rock
PHC
slkj
Black plastic under rock
Down spout
Study the landscape ecosystem– How does the
soil/site influence the plant and/or pest?
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PHC
Determine key problem– Monitor, Scout– Identify/Diagnose
Pest• Insect, Disease,
Weed vs. Abiotic
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PHC
Optimize plant health– What’s being done
wrong in the culture of plant? Fertility, water, etc.
– If pest is present, is it primary or secondary?
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IPM
Step 0: Grow plant the right way (assumption)Step 1: Monitor, ScoutStep 2: Identify pestStep 3: Manage pest using the knowledge of– why is pest present– life cycle of pest
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Pest Management (IPM)
Cultural controlMechanical control (Physical control)Biological controlChemical control– pesticide use
• used as a last resort IN CONJUCTION WITH CULTURAL, MECHANICAL AND BIOLOGICAL CONTROLS
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Cultural Control (IPM)
Same as PHC steps of– know your plants– study landscape ecosystem– optimize plant health
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Cultural Control (IPM)
Sanitation - removal of insect infested, diseased plant parts. Clean up plant debris.Modify the environment (so pest is not favored, plant health is)
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Cultural Control (IPM)
Modification of environment– Induced competition
• ie encourage dense ground covers to reduce weeds by competition
– Water management• ie avoid over watering, avoid water on leaf
surface by watering – Selective pruning/spacing
• to open up plantings and allow for more air circulation
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Mechanical Control (IPM)
Physically removing a pest or infested plant– Washing off aphids
with a garden hose– pulling a weed
Physical barriers– using row covers,
screen, etc.
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Biological Control (IPM)
Natural controlPredatorsParasitesDiseasesBioantagonists
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Biocontrol
Natural control– Weather extremes
• freeze• wind• rain
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Biocontrol
Predators (insect control)– insects or spiders that require several prey
to complete their development• Predatory beetles• Lacewings• Flies• True bugs• Wasps• Spiders and mites
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Eggs
Biocontrol
Examples of predators– Ladybird beetles
Larva
Adult
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Eggs
Biocontrol
Examples of predators– Green lacewing
AdultLarva
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Biocontrol
– Hunting waspExamples of predators– Predatory stinkbug
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Biocontrol
Parasites– Require one host to complete
development.– Adults lay eggs in or on host.
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Biocontrol
Examples of parasites– Wasps
– Aphid parasites
Adult wasp
Larva
Aphid mummy
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Biocontrol
Parasitic nematodes– Parasitic nematodesFigure
1: Life cycle of Steinernemanematodes. 1, 2: invasion and colonization of insect. 3,4: development within insect. 5: exit from dead insect and invasion of new host. Drawing courtesy of University of Illinois
.
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Biocontrol
• Tree and shrub insects• Tent caterpillars. • Fall webworm.• Leafrollers. • Red-humped
caterpillar. • Spiny elm
caterpillar. • Western spruce
budworm. • Pine budworm. • Pine butterfly.
Diseases– BT (Bacillus
thuringiensis) for insect control
– Kurstaki strain (Biobit, Dipel, MVP, Steward, Thuricide, etc.):
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Biocontrol
Diseases– BT (Bacillus thuringiensis) for insect control– Kurstaki strain (Biobit, Dipel, MVP,
Steward, Thuricide, etc.):• Vegetable insects
• Cabbage worms (cabbage looper, imported cabbageworm, diamondback moth, etc.).
• Tomato and tobacco hornworm.
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Biocontrol
Diseases– BT (Bacillus thuringiensis) for insect control– Israelensis strains (Vectobac, Skeetal,
Gnatrol, Bactimos, etc.) • Mosquito. • Black fly. • Fungus gnats
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Biocontrol
Diseases– BT (Bacillus thuringiensis) for insect control– San diego/tenebrionis strains (Trident, M-
One, M-Trak, Foil, Novodor, etc.) • Colorado potato beetle. • Elm leaf beetle. • Cottonwood leaf beetle.
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Bioccontrol
Use of plant pathogens for weed control??– Potential is being explored– Pathogens are harder to manipulate– Don’t give high mortality rates
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Biocontrol
Bioantagonists or biofungicides (plant disease control)4 mechanisms of action– Direct competition– Antibiosis– Predation or parasitism– Induced resistance
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Biocontrol
Bioantagonists or biofungicides (plant disease control)– For soilborne
diseases– Are preventive– Do not work well at
high pathogen levels
– Trade names• Deny• Kodiak• MycoStop• Root Shield/Plant
Shield• SoilGard
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Chemical Control (IPM)
Pesticides– Any chemical (natural or synthetic) that
mitigates (kills, controls) a pest (animal or plant, etc)
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Chemical Control (IPM)
Herbicide– a chemical substance used to kill
undesirable plants.• Will kill any plant not just weeds
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Chemical Control (IPM)
Insecticide– a chemical substance used to kill
undesirable insects.
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Chemical Control (IPM)
Fungicide– a chemical substance used to kill
undesirable fungi.
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Chemical Control (IPM)
Miticide– a chemical substance used to kill
undesirable mites.Acaracide– is a broader way to define this…..
• Kills spiders, ticks and mites
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Chemical Control (IPM)
Bactericide– a chemical substance used to kill
undesirable bacteria.
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Chemical Control (IPM)
Molluscicide– a chemical substance used to kill
undesirable pest mollusks.• Slugs• Snails
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Chemical Control (IPM)
Nematicide– a chemical substance used to kill
undesirable pest nematodes.• Slugs• Snails
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Chemical Control (IPM)
Rodenticide– a chemical substance used to kill
undesirable rodents.
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Chemical Control (IPM)
Pesticides– SO WHAT’’S THE BIG DEAL????