10 COMMON ORTHOPAEDIC INJURIES I.M. Doctor, M.D. My Office My City, State.

10 COMMON ORTHOPAEDIC INJURIESI.M. Doctor, M.D.

My Office

My City, State

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The information in this presentation was provided to the presenter by the

American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons and may be modified.

Endorsement of this presentation by the

AAOS is not implied or inferred.

Thank you toA. Herbert Alexander, MD

for his significant contributions to the content of this presentation.

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What is an orthopaedic surgeon?

MD or DO who specializes in treatment and health maintenance of musculoskeletal system (bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, tendons, cartilage and spine)

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What is an orthopaedic surgeon?

The expert in treating the musculoskeletal system

The expert in maintaining musculoskeletal health

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Educating an Orthopaedic Surgeon

College Medical School Orthopaedic

Internship and Residency

Fellowship (optional) 2 Years Practice

TOTAL

445 (1)2

16 years!16 years!

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What do orthopaedic surgeons do?

Diagnose Treat

Medication Physical Therapy Exercise Brace Surgery

Prevent

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Common Orthopaedic Injuries

1. Ankle Sprain2. Plantar Fasciitis3. Tennis Elbow4. ACL Tear5. Meniscus Tear

6. Shoulder Dislocation

7. Rotator Cuff Tear8. Stress Fractures9. Carpal Tunnel

Syndrome10.Distal Radius

Fracture

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Acute vs. Overuse Injuries

Acute - sudden trauma such as sprains, strains, bruises, and fractures

Overuse - series of repeated small injuries

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Ankle Sprain

Ligament injury Ankle pain,

tenderness, swelling

One or more of these ligaments can be torn or stretched.

Twistingforce

Illustration reproduced with permission fromThe Body Almanac, Rosemont, IL American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2003

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Ankle Sprain

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Ankle Sprain

R.I.C.E. Rehabilitation Anti-

inflammatory Brace

Illustration reproduced with permission fromThe Body Almanac, Rosemont, IL American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2003

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Plantar Fasciitis

Microtears of plantar fascia

Painful heel

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Plantar Fasciitis

Tape heel, arch Customized orthotics Stretching Massage Exercises

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Plantar Fasciitis - Treatment

Warm up well before sports or activities

Ice heel, 20-30 minutes after sports or stretching

Anti-inflammatories Night splint Massage

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Plantar Fasciitis

Prepare before running Wear good, supportive shoes Arch support Keep feet strong Avoid activities that cause heel

pain See orthopaedic surgeon if pain

persists

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Tennis Elbow

Lateral epicondyleLateral epicondyle

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Tennis Elbow

Warm up, stretch before play Correct, maintained

equipment Condition beforehand Evaluate cause

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ACL Injury

Direct blow to knee Non-contact injury,

with foot planted and an and attempted change in direction

Landing on straight leg Making abrupt stops

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ACL Tear

Normal anatomy Hyperextension

Femur

Anteriorcruciateligament

AnteriorcruciateligamenttearsPatella

Tibia

Fibula

Femur slips

Illustration reproduced with permission from The Body Almanac, Rosemont, IL American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2003

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ACL Tear

Treatment – surgical Incidence of ACL much higher

among female athletes Combination of causal factors

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ACL Tear- Prevention

Land safely from jumps

Practice cutting maneuvers

Use little steps to stop

Strengthening exercises

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Meniscus Tear

Helps knee joint carry weight, glide, and turn

Twisting injury Football and other

contact sports

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Meniscus Tear

Pain Giving way Locking Clicking Swelling

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Meniscus Tear

Normal meniscus Torn meniscus

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Normal Shoulder

Reproduced with permission from Thompson WO, Warren RF, Barnes RP, Hunt S: Shoulder Injuries in Schenck RC (ed): Athletic Training and Sports Medicine, 3rd Edition. Rosemont, IL American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 1999

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Traumatic Shoulder Dislocation

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Intense pain Shoulder looks out of place or locked

in certain positions Muscle spasms Bruises, swelling, numbness,

weakness

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Reproduced with permission from: Soft Tissue Trauma, in Bernstein J (ed):Musculoskeletal Medicine. Rosemont, IL American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2003

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Closed grip pull-downs Rotation exercises Resistance exercises Surgery

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Rotator Cuff Tear

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Rotator Cuff Tear

Shoulder pain Worse at night Weakness Catching Limited motion

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Rotator Cuff Tear

Treatment Rest Cold & heat Sling Physical

Therapy NSAIDS Injection Surgery

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Rotator Cuff Tear

Prevention

Avoid repetitive activities with the arm at shoulder level or higher

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Stress Fractures

Lateral malleolus

Tibia

Fibula

Metatarsals

Medial malleolus

Phalanges

Talus

Calcaneus

Talus

Midfoot(tarsals)

Ankle joint(tibiotalar joint)

Illustration reproduced with permission fromThe Body Almanac, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2003

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Stress Fractures

“Micro-cracks” Pain “Overuse”

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Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Median nerve Transverse carpal

ligament Flexor tendons

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Numbness

Tingling Pain

Clumsiness


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Splint or brace at night Cortisone injections Anti-inflammatories Surgery to release ligament

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Distal Radius Fracture

Also known as wrist fracture

Fall on outstretched hand

Snowboarders, skaters

Nondisplaced - cast

Displaced - surgery

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Normal Wrist

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Distal Radius Fracture

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Wrist Fracture – Cast Care

Keep it dry Don’t pull out the

padding Don’t stick objects inside Keep dirt, sand & powder

out Don’t break off or trim

edges

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Wrist Fracture – Cast Care

Signs of trouble: Increased pain & feeling cast is too

tight Numbness or tingling in the hand Burning or stinging Excessive swelling in the hands and

fingers Loss of active movement of fingers Loosening

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Training errors

Less-than-optimal environment

Improper technique

Overuse Injuries & Boomeritis®

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Overuse Injuries

Change intensity, duration, frequency

Warm up Heat before, ice

after

Cross train Technique

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Boomeritis®

Exercise - key, but . . .

Bike accidents prevail

Mortality > children

< 50% wear helmets

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tendinitis

bursitis

sprains

strains

Boomeritis®

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Treatment

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Treatment

R.I.C.E. Alter or stop sports activities Physical therapy & medication Surgery may be warranted

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When to See the Physician

Inability to playDecreased ability to play

Visible deformitySevere pain

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Preventing Sports Injuries

Know and abide by rules Wear appropriate protective gear Know how to use equipment Never “play through pain”

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Skilled Instruction

Wear safety gear!


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Warm up & stretching are two separatesteps!

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Warm up:

MarchingWalking or joggingMimic the sport

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You should NOT feel pain Hold stretch 30 seconds Relax into the stretch

Stretching:

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10% RuleDon’t Increase

Activity by More Than 10%

Per Week

Overuse Injuries

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American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons

6300 N. River RoadRosemont, IL 60018

www.orthoinfo.org

Resources

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What are your questions and concerns?

10 Common Orthopaedic Injuries

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Remember, your orthopaedic surgeon can help get you back in the game!

10 Common Orthopaedic Injuries

10 COMMON ORTHOPAEDIC INJURIES I.M. Doctor, M.D. My Office My City, State.

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