10-4 Biological 10-4 Biological Hazards:Hazards:

Disease in Disease in Developed and Developed and

Developing Developing CountriesCountries

What causes disease?What causes disease?

Infectious agents (Infectious agents (pathogenspathogens) that ) that spread by:spread by:• AirAir• WaterWater• FoodFood• Body fluidsBody fluids• Vectors (nonhuman carriers, like Vectors (nonhuman carriers, like

mosquitoes)mosquitoes)

Nontransmissible vs. Nontransmissible vs. Transmissible DiseasesTransmissible Diseases

NontransmissibleNontransmissible: : caused by caused by something other than a living organism something other than a living organism and does and does notnot spread from person to spread from person to person (cancer, diabetes, etc.).person (cancer, diabetes, etc.).

TransmissibleTransmissible:: caused by living caused by living organisms and can spread from person organisms and can spread from person to person (bacteria, virus, parasite)to person (bacteria, virus, parasite)..

Pathogens –infectious Pathogens –infectious agentsagents

Bacteria:Bacteria:• CholeraCholera• TuberculosisTuberculosis• SyphilisSyphilis

Virus:Virus:• HIV/AIDSHIV/AIDS• HepatitisHepatitis• EbolaEbola

Protozoa:Protozoa:• MalariaMalaria

Seven Deadly DiseasesSeven Deadly Diseases

90% of all infectious disease deaths 90% of all infectious disease deaths are caused by:are caused by:• Pneumonia/fluPneumonia/flu• HIV/AIDSHIV/AIDS• Diarrheal diseasesDiarrheal diseases• TuberculosisTuberculosis• MalariaMalaria• Hepatitis BHepatitis B• MeaslesMeasles

Staggering StatisticsStaggering Statistics

13 million people die each year from 13 million people die each year from infectious diseasesinfectious diseases

Within the next hour, 1,500 people Within the next hour, 1,500 people (half of them under 5 years old) will (half of them under 5 years old) will die from an infectious disease die from an infectious disease

A child born in a developing country A child born in a developing country has a 1,000-times greater chance of has a 1,000-times greater chance of dying from measles than one born in dying from measles than one born in a industrialized countrya industrialized country

Low-Cost Disease Low-Cost Disease PreventionPrevention

Childhood vaccinationsChildhood vaccinations Mosquito bed netsMosquito bed nets Inexpensive drugsInexpensive drugs Access to condoms Access to condoms Vitamin and mineral supplementsVitamin and mineral supplements Education Education Good hygieneGood hygiene

Non-Fatal Effects of DiseaseNon-Fatal Effects of Disease

Heath-care expensesHeath-care expenses Inability to go to work or schoolInability to go to work or school Body deformities (open sores, loss of Body deformities (open sores, loss of

fingers and toes, grotesque swelling)fingers and toes, grotesque swelling) Excruciating painExcruciating pain Social stigmatizationSocial stigmatization Emotional stressEmotional stress Orphaned childrenOrphaned children

Monster Inside MeMonster Inside Me

Living with the Enemy Kelly’s TempLiving with the Enemy Kelly’s Temp• United streamingUnited streaming

TB Kills 1.7 million people per year.

Disease DistributionDisease Distribution

Are these infectious diseases Are these infectious diseases distributed equally throughout the distributed equally throughout the world?world?

Transmissible DiseasesTransmissible Diseases

Good NewsGood News: Since : Since 1950, death rates 1950, death rates fallen dramaticallyfallen dramatically

Bad NewsBad News: Bacteria : Bacteria resistance growing resistance growing and insects and insects becoming immune becoming immune to pesticidesto pesticides