10 20 „Call for a Green China” 0 Budapest University 30...
Transcript of 10 20 „Call for a Green China” 0 Budapest University 30...
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Budapest University
of Technology and
Economics
Prof. László Somlyódy
SHALLOW LAKE EUTROPHICATION AND
CLEANUP
International Experiences
Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering
www.vkkt.bme.hu
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„Call for a Green China”
Conference, 15 May, Nanjing
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Lake Eutrophication
Control P Load Algae
1919
这是湖This is a lake
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Comparison of various lakes: OECD assessment
(annual average Chl-a vs normalized P load)
Transfer of experiences
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Lake Balaton 1919
1946First Warning
Area: 600 km²
Depth: 3 m
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LAKE BALATON: EXTERNAL PHOSPHORUS
LOAD
KESZTHELY BASIN (1945-2002)
Total P (t/year)
Load increase: tourism and agriculture
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Yearly average
Clorophyll-a (mg/m3)
LAKE BALATON: ALGAL BIOMASS
KESZTHELY BASIN (1945-2002)
Control strategy & DM
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ALGAL BIOMASS TARGETS
KESZTHELY BASIN (1945-2002)
A
BC
Clorophyll-a (mg/m3) Targets
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Lake Balaton: Control and Impacts
Control P Load Algae
No ReactionCylindrosp.
Raciborskii
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1994
191919461983
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Travelling with C. Raciborskii
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Lake Balaton: Control and Impacts
Control P Load Algae
No ReactionCylindrosp.
Raciborskii
Global
Stress1994
Sediment
Renewal
Sudden
Improvement1995
1919194619831994
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WASTEWATER
TREATMENT
DEPOSITION FROM
THE ATMOSHERE NON-POINT
SOURCES
OUTFLOW
SEDIMENTATION
SEDIMENT
INTERNAL LOAD
EXTERNAL
LOAD
THE ROLE OF THE SEDIMENT
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WASTEWATER
TREATMENT
DEPOSITION FROM
THE ATMOSHERE NON-POINT
SOURCES
OUTFLOW
SEDIMENTATION
SEDIMENT
INTERNAL LOAD
EXTERNAL
LOAD
THE ROLE OF THE SEDIMENT
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LAKE BALATON: EXTERNAL LOAD
KESZTHELY BASIN (1945-2002)
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Total P (t/yr)
Inflow
Catchment for calibration
Catchment for simulation
Shoreline area
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Non-point sources: scales, models and estimations
Spatial scale
Temporal scale
hour
day
year
Soil profile,
paved areasmall to medium
catchment large watershed
minute agricultural field
settlement
Processes,
research
Field
management,
planning of
good agricultural
practice
Watershed
management
planning
(lumped or distributed
Parameter models)
Strategic
analysis
m2 km2 1000 km2 106 km2
PhosFate
SWAT,
GWLF, WETSPA
MONERIS
SWMM
STORMNET
ARES
Advanced tools
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Diffuse P loads: Zala River basin areal distributions
(cell level, long-term average)DP emission [kg/ha/a] PP emission [kg/ha/a]
TP loads [kg/a] TP retention [%]
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Clorophyll-a (mg/m3)
LAKE BALATON: LOAD RESPONSE
KESZTHELY BASIN (1945-2002)
?
DIFFUSE
LOADS
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Phosphorus load and algal biomassLake Balaton
Phosphorus load and algal biomass
Hysteresis: structural changes & sediment
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Lessons
Lake - watershed problem: scientific knowledge is there
Time lag and unusual load responses: sediment, blue-greensand non-point sources
Approach: - data and monitoring (present state)- nutrient limitation (P and/or N)- external load estimates (background-, non-controllable-, point- and diffuse sources)
- internal load (sediment)- likely load-response and targets- control measures and costs- action plan- implementation & institutions
Total load control is not enough
Many hypertrophic shallow lakes in China
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