(PGPR)

*

EC

dS/mSAR

IAAAcc

PEG-6000

PGPRsIAA

ACC

NB

NB

IAAACC

(Anonymous, 2005)

pH

* savagheb@ut.ac.ir

(Brown et al., 1994; Walker et al.

2003)

(Rai, 2006)

(Biofertilizers)

(Biostimulants)

(Bioprotectans)(Bioremediation)

(Plant Growth Promoting

Rhizobacteria )PGPR(Vessay, 2003; Compant

et al., 2005; Tenuta, 2005; Rai, 2006)

Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Burkholderia, Alcaligens, Acinetobacter,

Serratia, Flavobacterium.

Entrobacter(Glick,

1995; Rodriguez and fraga, 1999; Tilak et al., 2005)

(Compant

et al., 2005; Tenuta, 2005)

PSMs

(Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganisms )

PSMs

(Gyaneshwar et al., 2002; Tilak et al., 2005;

Fernandz et al., 2007)

pH

H+

(Gyaneshwar et al., 2002)

PSMsAspergillus,

Arthrobacter , Pseudomonas Bacillus

P2O5(Tilak

et al., 2005)

Fe3+

(Marschner et al., 1997; Bellis and Ercolani, 2001;

Reihani Tabar et al., 2002; Tilak et al., 2005)

PGPR

ACC

(German et al., 2000: Amooaghaie et al.,

2002; Egamber amd Hoflich, 2003; Tenuta, 2005; Rai,

2006)

Helper bacteria

(Rai, 2006)

(Deleterious Rhizobacteria = DRB )

IAA

PGPRIAA

(Barazani and Friedman, 1999)

PGPRs

(Glick et al. 2007)

ACC

ACC

ACC

ACC

(Hontzeas et al., 2004; Glick et al., 2007)

(Rogers and Burns, 1994;

Timmusk and Wagner, 1999; Ashraf et al., 2004; Bacilli

et al., 2004; Lucy et al. 2004)

pH

(Tilak et al., 2005)Bacillus

subtilisB. circulans

(Gaind and Agur, 1991)

PGPRs

Bacillus cereusB. circulans

pH

(Tilack and reddy,

2006)

(Timmusk and Wagner, 1999)

PGPR

ECpH

(Nutrient Agar

= NA)

(Screening)

NA

SAR

dS/m

SP(Sperber, 1958)

Ca3(PO4)2pH

pH

KH2PO4

(Sperber, 1958; Jeon et al., 2003)

ISP (Inositol

hexaphosphate-sperber )Sp

(Sperber, 1958)

(Colony Diameter = CD )

(Halo Diameter = HD )

Cas-AgarAlexander and

Zuberer

CAS-Agar

IAA

DF(DF Salts minimal medium)

DF

IAABrick et al.

DF

IAA

III

(Brick et al., 1991)

DF

Bent et al.

DF

nm

(Bent et al., 2001;

Patten and Glick, 2002)

ACC

ACC

GlickDF

DF

ACCDF

ACC

DF

DFDF

DF

ACC

DF+ACCDF

DF

DFDF

DF

ACC

nm

DFACC

ACC

(Glick, 1995)

NB

NB

Michel and Kaufman

( Optical Density = OD)

NB

NB

OD(Michel

and Kaufman, 1973)

Muray et

al.

Collins and Patircia

Cappicino

(Cappicino, 1992)

Parry et al.

H2S

(Voges Proskauer)

Smibert and Krieg

Harrigan and

MC Cance

(Muray et al., 1994)

SIM(Baron and Fingold, 1990)

(Holmes et al., 1984)

(dS/m)

pH

-

mM

mM

mM

mM

mM

NA

(Cm) ECe

(dS/m)pH

(1:1)T.N.VO.C

(MS)

IAAACC(OD)

PEG(OD)

pH pH DF DFN DFACC DFACC-DF

P0 P1 P2 P3P4

pH

pH(µg/ml)

pH(µg/ml)

k a a f a j d c d de j c e d bc j b b e ab ayzafg

CAS

bcd ab a abc

bcdef

a bcdef

i-r o-v pqrst

ab cdefg

cde

defgh

i-p

abc a ab a a

IAA

IAA

IAA

IAA

IAA

(mm) (mm)

IAA

(µg/ml)abcd

hi a

ab ghi c

a a cd

abc

ab cde

ACC

DFACCDF

DF ACCDF

DFACCDF

DF

OD

ODDFACC

ODDFACCDF

ACC

ACC

DFACC

OD

DFDF+NDF+ACC

ODACCDF

bcd

a c c

cd

ab a a

d ab

b b

OD 600nmRPPEG

PEG

(gr)

f

d

b

d

c

b

b

ef

a

ed

OD= ef

RP=

f

b

cd

f

c

c

de

cd

f

a

c

cd

b

def

de

f

a

de

e

de

OD= e

RP= cd

d

c

b

g

c

b

c

def

e

a

b

ef

b

cd

e

b

a

cde

c

def

OD= c

RP= f

d

cd

c

ef

c

c

e

a

d

b

b

ef

ab

f

d

cd

a

de

c

f

OD= e

RP= a

c

h

f

c

a

g

h

a

e

e

g

b

b

f

h

ab

d

d

h

a

OD= h

RP= a

Bacillus

Fritz

Bacillus cereus

B. firmus

B.subtilis

16S rRNA/DNA

DNA/DNA

Arthrobacter

Corynebacterium

OF1

OF

TSI2 A/AK/A3 K/AK/AK/A

B

EMB4

SS5

D.C6

B.SA7

LIA8

INM9

MR10

Tween

VP11

Skim milk

1.Oxidative/Fermentative 5. Salmonella Shigella Agar 9. Indole Nitrite Medium 2.Triple Sugar Iron Agar 6.Decarboxylate Agar 10. Methyl red 3. Alk/Acid 7. Bismuth Sulfite Agar 11. Voges Proskauer 4. Eosine Methylene Blue 8. Lysine Iron Agar

EMB

LIAPseudomonas

Citrobacter

(Holmes et al., 1984)

dS/m)(EC=

dS/m

PGPRs

pH

(Tilack and Reddy, 2006)

PGPRs

IAA

ACCCattelan et al.

PGPRs

IAAACC

Antoun et al.

IAA

pH

Jeon et al.

Pseudomonas fluorescens

PKV (Pikovskaya)

pH

Pseudomonas

pH

Ahmad et al.

Soltani et al.

Pseudomonas fluorescens

IAA

IAA

IAA

Soltani et al

Pseudomonas fluorescens

Alikhani et al.

IAA

Ahmad

et al.Pseudomonas

fluorescens

Ahmad et al

IAA

ACC

DFACCDF

DF

ACCDF

Alikhani et al.

ACC

DFACC

DF

NB

Mohamad et al.

Rhizobium meliloti

Mpa

Mpa

YEB (Yeast Extract Manitol Broth )

PEG6000 (w/v)

PEG

IAA

Bacillus cereusB.

firmusB.subtilis

(Gaind and Agur, 1991;

Tilack et al., 2005; Rai, 2006)16S

rRNA/DNADNA/DNA

Arthrobacter

Corynebacterium

(Tilack et al., 2005; Rai, 2006)

ACC

ACC

Citrobacter

(Holmes et al., 1984)

EMB

LIA

Pseudomonas

Citrobacter

(Tilack et al., 2005)

Pseudomonas

(Cattelan et al., 1999; Jeon et al., 2003; Tilack et

al., 2005; Rai, 2006)IAA(Patten and Glick, 2002;

Ahmad et al., 2005; Tilack et al., 2005; Rai, 2006)

(Cattelan et al., 1999; Jeon, 2003; Soltani, 2007)

ACC(Cattelan et al., 1999)

(Fisher et al., 2007)

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