1 Strategies to Change the Nature of Scholarly Communication University of Hawaii 16 December 2003...

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Nature of Scholarly Communication

University of Hawaii • 16 December 2003 • Honolulu, HI

Julia C. Blixrud • SPARC Assistant Director, Public Programs and ARL Assistant Executive Director, External Relations

SCHOLARLY PUBLISHING & ACADEMIC RESOURCES COALITION

An initiative of the Association of Research Libraries

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Circle of Gifts

SOCIETYSOCIETY

AUTHORAUTHOR

LIBRARYLIBRARY

READERREADER

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Book and Journal Costs, 1986-2002

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Drive to Acquire More Content

1998 2000 2002/03Blackwell Blackwell BlackwellChurchill Livingston Elsevier Candover & Cinven*Elsevier Harcourt Kluwer AcademicHarcourt Churchill Livingston SpringerKarger Mosby Elsevier Mosby Karger HarcourtPlenum Springer Churchill

LivingstonSpringer Taylor & Francis MosbyTaylor & Francis Wiley KargerThomson Wolters Kluwer Taylor &

FrancisWaverly Waverly WileyWiley Thomson Science Wolters KluwerWolters Kluwer PlenumTOTAL: 13 8 7

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Commercialization

Includes Primary & Secondary STM publishing.

Aggregators represent an additional $1.6 billion (Total: $9.5 billion.)

Source: Outsell Inc., "Industry Trends, Size and Players in the Scientific, Technical & Medical (STM) Market (Aug. 2000).

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SPARC Strategies (1)

1. Expanded non-profit publishing capacity

Alternative journals New digital platforms

2. New business models Open access journals

3. Disaggregated system Disciplinary repositories Institutional repositories

$300 $800

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Alternative Journals

Savings Oppty

Title Price Title PriceTopology & Its Applications

$2,645 Algebraic and Geometric Topology

Free $2,645

Journal of Crystal Growth

$9,911 Crystal Growth & Design

$1,853 $8,058

Evolutionary Ecology (price reduced in 2001)

$504 Evolutionary Ecology Research

$350 $154

Topology $1,400 Geometry & Topology

Free $1,400

Organic Geochemistry

$2,701 Geochemical Transactions

$100 $2,601

Sensors & Actuators, A&B (now separate)

$6,427 IEEE Sensors Journal

$425 $6,002

Machine Learning $1,093 Jnl of Machine Learning Research

Free $1,093

Plant Ecology (formerly Vegetatio)

$2,618 Jnl of Vegetation Science

$291 $2,327

Tetrahedron Letters $10,345 Organic Letters $2,850 $7,495 Chemical Physics Letters

$11,033 PhysChemComm $100 $10,933

Jnl of Logic & Algebraic Programming

$803 Theory & Practice of Logic Programming

$300 $503

$49,480 $6,269 $43,211

Established Title

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New Digital Platforms

Online information community for bioscience journals

Unique collaborative organization governed by scientific societies and libraries

Online information community for independent and society journals in mathematics and statistics

Created by Cornell University Libraries

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2. New business models Open-access journals


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Open Access

No-fee access on the public internet to works and data that are currently given away to publishers by researchers and scholars with no expectation of financial payment

Two complementary strategies Open access journals Self-archiving (institutional/disciplinary repositories)

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Open Access Offers

Expanded access to research

Expanded impact of research

Reduced systemic cost

Lawrence, Steve (2001). “Free online availability substantially increases a paper's impact.” Nature, Vol. 411, No. 6837, p. 521 <www.nature.com/nature/debates/e-access/Articles/lawrence.html>

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Open Access Statements

Budapest Open Access Initiative

www.soros.org/openaccess/

Bethesda Statement on Open Access Publishing

www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/bethesda.htm

The Wellcome Trust

www.wellcome.ac.uk/en/1/awtvispolpub.html

Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities

www.zim.mpg.de/openaccess-berlin/ berlindeclaration.html

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Open Access Journals

Pay for publication, not access

Successful conversions will be pulled by community, not pushed by others.

Less impetus to go open access for moderate, empathetic publishers.

Will require experimentation

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Open Access Journals

Article publication fees Institution submission

charge Institutional contributions

& subsidies Grants Named gifts Off-print sales to authors

Advertising Sponsorships Partnerships Convenience format

licenses Differentiated printed

version Premium online version

Some options for paying the cost of publication:

No single model -- hybrids required to generate sufficient revenue.

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Open Access Resources

ARL Open Access Web Sitewww.arl.org/scomm/open_access/index.html

Guide to Business Planning for Converting a Subscription-based Journal to Open Accesswww.soros.org/openaccess/oajguides/html/business_converting.htm

Guide to Business Planning for Launching a New Open Access Journalwww.soros.org/openaccess/oajguides/html/business_planning.htm

Directory of Open Access Journalswww.doaj.org/

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2. New business models Open-access journals


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J O U R N A L

Aggregated System

Scholarly publishing comprises four functions:*

Current model: integrates these functions in journals

ARCHIVINGPreserving research

for future use

AWARENESSAssuring

accessibility of research

CERTIFICATIONCertifying the quality/validity of the research

REGISTRATIONEstablishing intellectual

priority

*Roosendaal, Hans E. and Peter A. Th. M. Geurts (1998). “Forces and functions in scientific communication: an analysis of their interplay.” CRISP 97.

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Disaggregated System

Scholarly publishing comprises four functions:

Disaggregated model: Allow functions to be fulfilled

independently

ARCHIVINGPreserving research

for future use

AWARENESSAssuring

accessibility of research

CERTIFICATIONCertifying the quality/validity of the research

REGISTRATIONEstablishing intellectual

priority

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How the Pieces Work Together

Author

Content Services

Reader

Institutional Repositories

Disciplinary Repositories

Peer-to-peerRepositories In

tero

per

abil

ity

Sta

nd

ard

s

Registration

Certification

Awareness

Archiving

JOURNALJOURNAL

Open repositories lessen or eliminate the content monopoly of

journals.

Societies, publishers, institutions, new entrants are

service providers.

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Issues Surrounding Open Access

The importance of reward structures The fear of absence of peer review The influence of funding organizations The power of authors self-archiving their

research papers in OAI-compliant repositories

The development of new business models The adjustments to accessing scholarly information

disseminated differently The concern that copyright and intellectual

property will be ignored

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To Be Part of the Open Access Movement Publish in open access journals when

possible (XML, pdf, HTML, TeX) If not possible, self-archive in OAI-

compliant repositories in a machine-readable format (such as XML)

Should that not be possible either, self-archive in other formats (such as pdf) However, in *any* case, make sure your articles are freely and publicly available!

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arc Julia C. Blixrud

Assistant Director, Public Programs

SPARC

21 Dupont Circle, Ste 800

Washington, DC 20036

[email protected]

202-296-2296 ext. 133

202-872-0884 (fax)

202-251-4678 (mobile)

SCHOLARLY PUBLISHING & ACADEMIC RESOURCES COALITION

An initiative of the Association of Research Libraries

1 Strategies to Change the Nature of Scholarly Communication University of Hawaii 16 December 2003...

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