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Transcript of 1 WPI Precision Personnel Location System D. Cyganski, R. James Duckworth, Vincent Amendolare...
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WPI Precision Personnel Location System
D. Cyganski, R. James Duckworth, Vincent Amendolare
Electrical and Computer Engineering DepartmentWorcester Polytechnic Institute
Worcester, Massachusetts
Advisory Committee Dinner, October 23, 2008
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Position-Finding Technology for Emergency Personnel is a Critical Need
12/3/99: Six firefighters died in a warehouse fire literally within a few feet of safety in Worcester, MA.
9/11/01: A disaster of far greater magnitude, with some deaths in circumstances similar to the Worcester warehouse fire
NFPA: lost/trapped 3rd ranking cause of fatalitiesCurrent emergency responder escape technology:
Audio alarms which sound with lack of motion Homing devices (Ultrasonic, RF) becoming available
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WPI PPL Goal
A location and tracking system which displays locations, paths, and landmarks
(exits, etc.) for multiple responders in 3 dimensions, requiring no pre-installed infrastructure and minimal setup
Must be transparent to users
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The PPL Team (Past and Present)
Research Assoc/Assistants
Jack Coyne* Hauke Daempfling Jason Farmer* Jason Huang* Shashank Kulkarni* Hemish Parikh* Ben Woodacre Vincent Amendolare David Holl* Vivek Varshney Jorge Alejandro Tahsin Hassan* Ishrak Khair* Tanvir Madan* David Hubelbank* Matt Campbell Michael Moukarzel
Faculty David Cyganski R. James Duckworth Sergey Makarov William Michalson John Orr
Technician Bob Boisse
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System Overview
Personnel Unit
Reference units
Commander Display
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System Requirements
Fundamental capabilities: 3-D location of each user relative to a chosen
reference point Relative locations among users Graphical display at the incident command center Graphical path information on all users
Accuracy: +/- 1 ftRange: 2000 ftNumber of simultaneous users: 100Future enhancements:
Physiological information telemetry Integration with stored databases: geographic and
structural
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Locator Operational/Physical Specs
New Transmit ranging signal/Technology Up to 150 MHz spectrally friendly bandwidth
• programmable waveform Support 100 locators Updates each second Low power, long battery life, automatic on/off Monitor and report environmental status data
Temperature, movement, diagnostics Provide distress button Small size, lightweight Provide support for Physiological data
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Prototype Mobile Locator Hardware
Distress Button
Acceler-ometer
Transceiver Module
PC Interface
Temperature Sensor
Micro-processor
RF Hardware Interface
PC Interface
Acceler-ometer
Temp. Sensor
Distress Button
Micro-processor
Interfaceto RF
Hardware
RF Data Channels
Heart Rate
Monitor
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Custom FPGA based Software Radios
FPGA Digital Controller board
Analog to Digital board
RF Front End board
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Antenna Design and Testing
Several innovations have been introduced in small, wideband, near-omni directional, multi-polarization patch and base antennas
Patch Antennas
Concept for vehicle mounted base antennas
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2005: Outdoor 2D TDOA results
Our new multicarrier (MC) signal structure and processing approach theoretically provides high accuracy ranging data with low bandwidth and spectral flexibility
Outdoor tests proved that our approach could achieve high precision results with low bandwidth
Classic TDOA radio location algorithms were applied to ranging data
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But Indoors is not like Outdoors
Metal ceiling and floor decks
Steel building structure
Every metal structure bounces generates a multipath component
By April ’06 we repeatedly demonstrated that the MC/classic method of radio signal and contributes another solution confusing location could not cope with high multipath indoor propagation problems
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New end-to-end method developed
By June 2006 a new approach to radio location that uses the multi-carrier signal structure but abandons any classic component of radio location was created. Just in time for WPI’s PPL Workshop Demo!
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First Annual Technology WorkshopPrecision Indoor Personnel Location and Tracking for Emergency Responders August 7-8, 2006, WPI
First Public Demonstration of WPI PPL Technology
Featured Demos by many of the participants
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Through-wall/High Multipath Demo
Antennas on 3 sides WPI Civil Eng. Building – poor geometry
Antennas facing directly into brick walls
No system training information or pre-sited devices
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Kaven Hall Geology lab test site
2006 Live Demo site was WPI Civil Eng. Geology Lab.
Steel Frame and concrete block construction with heavy equipment and metal cabinets.
2006 test achieved 1 m average abs. error using 30 MHz signal.
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Spring 2007: Improved Signal Processing
Blue squares show actual locations
Red arrows point to locator estimates
• 60MHz BW
• Mean Error: 0.37m
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3D Residential Building - Tests
16 by 14 m coverage
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New band - 150 MHz BW/3D antennas
2nd floor error: 0.3m 1st floor error: 0.72m
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2nd Annual WPI PPL Workshop - 2007
Over 100 attendees Presentations, demos,
working sessions 3D WPI Demo
Workshop Participants
Industry
49%
Fire Service
12%
Academia
22%
Government
17%
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2007 Demo: 3D Real-Time User Tracking
Walk/Crawl through 1st and 2nd floors of the WPI Religious Center
WPI Locator
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Locator motion track with Kalman filter
Real Time Tracking/Physiological Display
Locator height display
Locator position display with color ID
Environmental temp and heart rate
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DHS/FEMA July 2007 – June 2008
Fire Prevention and Safety Award: “Integrated Firefighter Locator and Physiological Monitor”
Test feasibility of location and tracking combined with physiological monitoring: Monitor individuals, provide warning of harmful
stress before a serious event Locate these and others within buildings
Partnership: WPI – Location/Tracking/Integration Foster Miller – Physiological Monitoring Globe Manufacturing – Mfg of fire suits Worcester Fire Department
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Physiological Status Monitoring (PSM) System
Monitors Heart Rate, Respiration Rate, Skin Temperature, Activity Level and Posture
Comfortable t-shirt form factor Extremely flexible sensor platform Designed for military to withstand rugged environments
PSM T-Shirt
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Physiological Testing – PSM
Testing to confirm PSM data agreement with portable capnography and pulse oximetry systems
Subjects tested in FF gear mimicking FF activities
New short-range radio to wirelessly transfer physiological information from vest to locator
Capnograph
WPI Locator
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Physiological Testing – Pulse Ox
Wireless pulse-ox device developed at WPI
Development support by USAMRMC grant WFD requested addition of pulse ox so we
can monitor oxygen saturation levels
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New Locator/Health Status Display
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2008 PPL Workshop Demo in Atwater Kent:Harsh Indoor RF Environment!
Metal ceiling Metal benches
and cabinets Mesh Windows Metal backed
black/white boards Fire Doors Metal studded
walls – 16 inch spacing!
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PPL Workshop 2008: Demo Day
WPI PPL and other PPL systems demonstrated
Firefighters attribute WPI system with reducing search time to a single mission (one air supply)
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Currently Funded Projects
Testing and Evaluation of First Responder Indoor Location Technology U.S. Army (NSRDEC)/DHS
Micro-Beacon Tracking of Autonomous Systems (MTAS) Honeywell Aerospace
Microlight Indoor Positioning Raytheon Company
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WPI Precision Personnel Locator
Thank you!
David Cyganski, [email protected] R. James Duckworth, [email protected] Vincent Amendolare, [email protected]
www.ece.wpi.edu/Research/PPL/