Alannah SkinnerBiology 212Chapter 42 Circulation and Respiration

1. Which way does oxygen �ow?

2. What way does carbon dioxide �ow?

3. Why do we ignore nitrogen even though it makes up 78% of the Earth?

4. Dalton’s Law: Partial pressure (review from Dr. Srivastava’s lecture)

If I have 21% oxygen in the air and the atmospheric pressure is 760mmHg then what:

5. Does partial pressure increase or decrease at higher elevations?

6. What might a�ect oxygen in water?ABCD

Let’s discuss the countercurrent exchange system in �sh gills.

7. What does the word countercurrent mean?

8. Do you think the environment has to do with how organisms respire?9. Can you answer the bottom question given by Dr. Srivastava?

Consider human inhalation and exhalation.

10.When we breathe in, the diaphragm ____11.When we breathe out, the diaphragm ____12.How do inhalation and exhalation in humans di�er from the countercurrent

respiration of �sh? Make a venn diagram.

13.Most of our blood is made of _____14.De�ne hemoglobin. What two things bond to form it?15.What is the Bohr shift?

16.What would happen if my blood pH was very low? Would I expect a shift inhemoglobin binding? Why? What happens to the oxygen levels as pH decreases?

17.What is carbonic anhydrase? Can you explain what the products of the reactionbind to? How is hemoglobin related?

18.Compare and contrast arteries and veins.

Arteries:1. Away from the heart2. Bigger, thicker3. Coronary artery, carotid, aorta

Veins:

1. To the heart2. Thinner3. Pulmonary vein, inferior and superior vena cava

Capillaries: overlapping of veins and arteries where gas exchange occurs

19. Are these the only vessels we have in our bodies?

20. Can you explain brie�y the steps of blood �ow through the heart?

Understand that pressures change throughout the process of circulation as CO2 ishigher in the tissues but O2 is higher in the environment.

Let’s review up to this point.

1. What happens in a bicoid mutant?2. Apoptosis occurs how and when?3. Why do you think it is important that cells go through the �ve processes?4. Why does oxygen concentration di�er at di�erent altitudes?5. Describe how �sh respiration and human respiration di�er6. What are the four steps of circulation?7. Can you think of an example of a homeotic gene?8. What is cell di�erentiation?9. Describe the Bohr shift