1. What were the two most important trade items in Ghana? 2. Describe the importance of Mansa Musa....
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Transcript of 1. What were the two most important trade items in Ghana? 2. Describe the importance of Mansa Musa....
1. What were the two most important trade items in Ghana?
2. Describe the importance of Mansa Musa.
3. Explain the Bantu migrations and its’ importance.
Standard 8
SSWH8 The student will demonstrate an understanding of the development of societies in Central and South America.
a. Explain the rise and fall of the Olmec, Mayan, Aztec, and Inca empires.
b. Compare the culture of the Americas; include government, economy, religion, and the arts of the Mayans, Aztecs, and Incas.
What were the 4 major empires of Central and South America?
1. Olmec2. Mayan3. Aztec4. Inca
First known Mesoamerican civilization Mesoamerica: Central Mexico to northern
Honduras (Central America) Often called “mother culture” because of
influence on other Mesoamerican societies
1200 BCE: Located in jungles of southern Mexico In modern-day Mexican states of Veracruz and
Tabasco (video)
Developed large trading network throughout Mesoamerica which brought them great wealth and spread culture
Create courtyards, pyramids, and large stone monuments Some monuments weighed 44 tons
Worship jaguar spirit Found on pottery, monuments, and sculptures
Unknown reasons- declined by 400BC
2 theories:
1. Outside invaders destroyed Olmec2. Death of rulers
Cities and symbols influenced later cultures- esp the Mayans
Located from southern Mexico to northern Central America
Adopted Olmec culture
Built cities throughout empire 50 major sites discovered (video)
Mayans were divided into individual city-states ruled by king-gods Centers of religious ceremonies and trade
Built giant pyramids, temples, palaces, and stone carvings
Economy was based on trade & farming maize/beans
Cities linked by alliances and trade Traded salt, flint, feathers, shells, honey, cotton
textiles, and jade
(1) Kings (dynasties)(2) Nobles, priests(3) warriors(4) Merchants, artisans(5) Peasants
Polytheistic
Offered their blood, food, and sometimes human sacrifices to please the gods
Gods of corn, death, rain, and war Gods could be good or evil
Believe each day was a god whose behavior could be predicted with calendars
3 ways to honor gods:
1. Prayer & offerings: food, flowers, incense
2. Bloodletting: barbed strings through the tongue and ears Believe blood nourishes gods
3. Human sacrifice Used captured enemies
Believe human sacrifice pleases the gods and kept the world in balance
Mayans invented a writing based on pictures called glyphs, an accurate 365-day calendar, & advanced temples
1. Calendar: 365 days Identified best times to plant crops, attack
enemies, and crown new rulers
2. Mathematics: included the concept of zero Used for calendar and astronomy
3. Astronomy
4. Hieroglyphics: most advanced in ancient Americas Recorded historic events
700’s: warfare in many Mayan cities Disrupts trade and economy
Problems with population growth and over-farming Led to food shortages, famine, and disease
What is the belief that the individual soul is reborn in a different form after death?
What was the first known Mesoamerican civilization located in the jungles of Southern Mexico?
Which empire was located from Southern Mexico to Northern Central America, adopted Olmec culture, and built cities throughout their empire?
Partner up, answer, and discuss the questions on the following pages
Pg. 243: 2, 3, 4 Read pg. 244-245, 450-451 Pg. 449: 2, 3, 4, 5