1 What is Ecology? S7L4 copyright cmassengale. 2 Organisms and Their Environment copyright...

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What is Ecology?

S7L4

What is Ecology?

S7L4

copyright cmassengale

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Organisms and Their Environme

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Organisms and Their Environme

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What is Ecology??What is Ecology??What is Ecology??What is Ecology??

•The The study of interactionsstudy of interactions that take place that take place between between organisms and their organisms and their environmentenvironment..

• It It explainsexplains how living how living organisms organisms affectaffect each other each other and the world they live in.and the world they live in.

•The The study of interactionsstudy of interactions that take place that take place between between organisms and their organisms and their environmentenvironment..

• It It explainsexplains how living how living organisms organisms affectaffect each other each other and the world they live in.and the world they live in.


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Habitat & NicheHabitat & NicheHabitat & NicheHabitat & Niche•HabitatHabitat is the is the place a plant place a plant or animal livesor animal lives

•NicheNiche is an is an organism’s organism’s total way of total way of lifelife

•HabitatHabitat is the is the place a plant place a plant or animal livesor animal lives

•NicheNiche is an is an organism’s organism’s total way of total way of lifelife


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The Nonliving The Nonliving EnvironmentEnvironmentThe Nonliving The Nonliving EnvironmentEnvironment

• Abiotic factors- the Abiotic factors- the nonliving parts of an nonliving parts of an organism’s organism’s environment.environment.

• Examples include air Examples include air currents, temperature, currents, temperature, moisture, light, and soil.moisture, light, and soil.

• Abiotic factors affect an Abiotic factors affect an organism’s life.organism’s life.

• Abiotic factors- the Abiotic factors- the nonliving parts of an nonliving parts of an organism’s organism’s environment.environment.

• Examples include air Examples include air currents, temperature, currents, temperature, moisture, light, and soil.moisture, light, and soil.

• Abiotic factors affect an Abiotic factors affect an organism’s life.organism’s life.


http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/69/Lightning_in_Arlington.jpg

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The Living EnvironmentThe Living EnvironmentThe Living EnvironmentThe Living Environment

•Biotic factors- all the Biotic factors- all the living organisms that living organisms that inhabit an inhabit an environment.environment.

•All organisms depend All organisms depend on others directly or on others directly or indirectly for food, indirectly for food, shelter, reproduction, shelter, reproduction, or protection.or protection.

•Biotic factors- all the Biotic factors- all the living organisms that living organisms that inhabit an inhabit an environment.environment.

•All organisms depend All organisms depend on others directly or on others directly or indirectly for food, indirectly for food, shelter, reproduction, shelter, reproduction, or protection.or protection.


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Abiotic or Biotic?Abiotic or Biotic?Abiotic or Biotic?Abiotic or Biotic?

BioticBioticcopyright cmassengale

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AbioticAbioticcopyright cmassengale

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AbioticAbioticcopyright cmassengale

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BioticBioticcopyright cmassengale

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Levels of Organization

Levels of Organization


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Levels of OrganizationLevels of OrganizationLevels of OrganizationLevels of Organization• EcologistsEcologists have organized have organized

the interactions an organism the interactions an organism takes part in into takes part in into different different levels according to levels according to complexitycomplexity..

• EcologistsEcologists have organized have organized the interactions an organism the interactions an organism takes part in into takes part in into different different levels according to levels according to complexitycomplexity..


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11stst Level of Organization Level of Organization11stst Level of Organization Level of Organization•Organism:Organism:

An individual An individual living thing that living thing that is made of cells, is made of cells, uses energy, uses energy, reproduces, reproduces, responds, responds, grows, and grows, and developsdevelops

•Organism:Organism:An individual An individual living thing that living thing that is made of cells, is made of cells, uses energy, uses energy, reproduces, reproduces, responds, responds, grows, and grows, and developsdevelops


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22ndnd Level of Organization Level of Organization22ndnd Level of Organization Level of Organization•Population:Population:

A group of A group of organisms, all organisms, all of the same of the same species, species, which which interbreed interbreed and live in the and live in the same place at same place at the same the same timetime..

•Population:Population:A group of A group of organisms, all organisms, all of the same of the same species, species, which which interbreed interbreed and live in the and live in the same place at same place at the same the same timetime.. copyright cmassengale

PopulationPopulation

*Limiting Factor: Any Factor that

can restrict population growth:

Ex: food, fresh water, habitat,

hunting, predation, etc.

*Limiting Factor: Any Factor that

can restrict population growth:

Ex: food, fresh water, habitat,

hunting, predation, etc.

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PopulationPopulation

• Carrying Capacity: The maximum number of individuals of a species that an ecosystem can support.

• Carrying Capacity: The maximum number of individuals of a species that an ecosystem can support.


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33rdrd Level of Organization Level of Organization33rdrd Level of Organization Level of Organization•Biological Biological

Community:Community:All the All the populations populations of different of different species that species that live in the live in the same place at same place at the same the same time.time.

•Biological Biological Community:Community:All the All the populations populations of different of different species that species that live in the live in the same place at same place at the same the same time.time.


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44thth Level of Organization Level of Organization44thth Level of Organization Level of Organization•Ecosystem:Ecosystem:

Populations of Populations of plants and animals plants and animals that interact with that interact with each other in a each other in a given area with the given area with the abiotic abiotic components of that components of that area. area. (terrestrial (terrestrial or aquatic)or aquatic)

•Ecosystem:Ecosystem: Populations of Populations of plants and animals plants and animals that interact with that interact with each other in a each other in a given area with the given area with the abiotic abiotic components of that components of that area. area. (terrestrial (terrestrial or aquatic)or aquatic)


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55thth Level of Organization Level of Organization55thth Level of Organization Level of Organization

•Biosphere:Biosphere:The The portion of portion of Earth that Earth that supports supports life.life.

•Biosphere:Biosphere:The The portion of portion of Earth that Earth that supports supports life.life.


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The BiosphereThe BiosphereThe BiosphereThe Biosphere

• Life is found in air, on Life is found in air, on land, and in fresh and land, and in fresh and salt water.salt water.

• The The BIOSPHERE BIOSPHERE is the is the portion of Earth that portion of Earth that supports living things.supports living things.

• Life is found in air, on Life is found in air, on land, and in fresh and land, and in fresh and salt water.salt water.

• The The BIOSPHERE BIOSPHERE is the is the portion of Earth that portion of Earth that supports living things.supports living things.


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What level of What level of organization?organization?What level of What level of organization?organization?

OrganismOrganism


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What level of What level of Organization?Organization?What level of What level of Organization?Organization?

CommunityCommunitycopyright cmassengale

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What level of What level of Organization?Organization?What level of What level of Organization?Organization?

PopulationPopulationcopyright cmassengale

S7L4 DS7L4 D

Categorize Relationships that are competitive or mutually beneficial

Categorize Relationships that are competitive or mutually beneficial


Interactions within Communities

obtaining energy


obtaining energy

• Carnivore: Type of consumer that eats other animals

• Herbivore: Type of consumer that eats plants.

• Carnivore: Type of consumer that eats other animals

• Herbivore: Type of consumer that eats plants.



obtaining energy


obtaining energy

• Omnivore: Type of consumer that eats plants and other animals.

• Decomposer: Type of consumer that gets energy by breaking down dead organisms

• Omnivore: Type of consumer that eats plants and other animals.

• Decomposer: Type of consumer that gets energy by breaking down dead organisms


RelationshipsRelationships

Symbiosis:

Close relationship between organisms of different species

Symbiosis:

Close relationship between organisms of different species




Mutualism: Symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit

(+,+)

Mutualism: Symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit

(+,+)


Parasitism:

Symbiotic relationship where one species benefits, and the other species

is harmed (+,-)

Parasitism:

Symbiotic relationship where one species benefits, and the other species

is harmed (+,-)



Commensalism:

Symbiotic Relationship where one species benefits and the other is

unaffected (+,0)

Commensalism:

Symbiotic Relationship where one species benefits and the other is

unaffected (+,0)


• Predator/Prey: The predator is the hunter, the prey is the hunted

• Cooperation: Organisms of the same species “working together”. Ex. A Pride of lions hunting gazelle

• Competition: Organisms competing to try to obtain the same resource

• Predator/Prey: The predator is the hunter, the prey is the hunted

• Cooperation: Organisms of the same species “working together”. Ex. A Pride of lions hunting gazelle

• Competition: Organisms competing to try to obtain the same resource


1 What is Ecology? S7L4 copyright cmassengale. 2 Organisms and Their Environment copyright...

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