1 wd;au wNsudkfhka hqla; fjuq·ƒෞඛ්...iqika;sld chisxy l%Säldj T,sïmsla ß molalu Èkd .;a...

fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs

1

1 wd;au wNsudkfhka hqla; fjuq

iajNdjfhka u ñksid úúO jQ wjYH;dj,ska hqla; fõ' tjeks tla

wjYH;djla imsreKq l,ays ks;e;ska u ;j;a wjYH;djla mek k.S' th

ñksia iajNdjh hs' m<uqj uQ,sl wjYH;d imqrd .kakd ñksid wk;=rej

oaú;Shsl wjYH;d bgq lr .ekSu flfrys fhduq fõ' tu wjYH;d bgq jQ

úg by< udkj wjYH;d yg .kS'

wmg tÈfkÞ Ôj;a ùug wjYH wdydr" c,h yd jd;h jeks idOl ñksia

uQ,sl wjYH;d jk nj;a" oaú;Shsl wjYH;d f,i wdorh" iqrlaIs;;dj

jeks udkisl wjYH;d mj;sk nj;a yhjk yd y;ajk fY%a‚j, § Tn

bf.k .;a nj u;l we;s'

by< udkj wjYH;d w;ßka wd;au wNsudkh ms<sn|j o" wd;au wNsudkhg

fya;= jk iqúfYaIS yelshd iy .=Kdx. fuka u wd;au wNsudkhg n,mdk

idOl ms<sn|j o Tng fuu mdvfuka bf.k .; yels h'

wd;au wNsudkh

.%dóh mßirhl msysá lksIaG úoHd,hl úÿy,am;sjrhd ;u ksfhdacH

úÿy,am;s fj; yÈisfha f.dia fuf,i mejiqfõ h' zzisßfujka

uy;auhd''" fï ±ka wfma l%Svd Ndr m%shka; i¾f.ka ÿrl:k m‚úvhla

,enqKd' wr wfÜ mx;sfha ksu,a mq;d cd;sl mdi,a l%Svd ;r.fha § óg¾

100 ;r.fhka rka molalu Èkd .;a; lsh,'ZZ

zzwd''' we;a; o f,dl= i¾" yßu i;=gqhs fkao@ wmg fldÉpr wdvïnrhla

o tA wdrxÑh'ZZ

2fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs

zzTõ isßfujka uy;a;fhda" fï ch.%yKh wmg ú;rla fkdfõ wfma

mdi,g;a" wfma m%foaYhg;a" fï m<d;g;a úYd, f.!rjhla' wms ksu,a

mq;dj ms<s.kak W;aijhla mj;ajuq' ksu,af.a foudmshkag;a fï m‚úvh

hj,d tA whg;a mdi,g tkak lshuq'ZZ

by; we;s jQ isoaêh yd ne`ÿKq foni fyd¢ka lshjkak' tys óg¾ 100 ch

.;a ksu,a ienúka u i;=gg yd WoaÞuhg m;a jkq we;' tfia ;ud ms<sn|

;ud ;=< we;s jk f.!rjKSh yeÕSu wms wd;au wNsudkh lshd y÷kajuq'

wd;au wNsudkh ksy;udkSj ú| ord .; hq;= ;;ajhls'

wms ±ka ;j;a wjia:djla i,ld n,uq' lsishï mqj;a m;la u.ska

ixúOdkh lrkq ,enQ Ñ;% ;r.hla i|yd Tn úiska bÈßm;a lrk ,o

Ñ;%h m%:u ia:dkh Èkd we;s nj;a" ;Hd. yd iy;sl m;a ,nd .ekSug

meñfKk f,i;a okajd Tng ,smshla tjd we;ehs is;kak' tjka úfgl

Tn bms,S .sh i;=áka yd WoaÞufhka hq;=j foudmshkag ×;Skag yd hy¿

fhfy<shkag tA nj mjikjd fkao@ tfia Tn ms<sn| Tn ;=< we;s jk

f.!rjKSh yeÕSu wd;au wNsudkh f,i ye`oskaúh yels h'

l%shdldrlu

by;ska ±la jQ m<uq wjia:dfõ § ksu,af.a ch.%yKh ms<sn|j

Tyq yer i;=gq jQ wfkla wh ljqrekaoehs ,ehsia;=.; lrkak'

zzf,dúka tflla tla fohlg fjhs iu;ZZ fï lshuk Tn fyd¢ka

wid we;s' wms okakjd iEu mqoa.,fhl=g u Tyqg wdfõKsl jQ úfYaI

l=i,;d" ke;akï olaI;d ;sfnk nj' by;ska ±la jQ WÞyrKh foi

ne,Sfï § óg¾ 100 ch.%yKh l< ksu,ag l%Svd olaI;djla ;sfnk

w;r Ñ;% ;r.h ch.%yKh l< YsIHhdg Ñ;% we`§fï olaI;djla ;sfí'

fufia wm tlsfkld i;= jk olaI;d wd;au wNsudk wjYH;dj imqrd

.ekSfï § fnfyúka bjy,a fõ' l%Svd olaI;d we;s wh l%Svdj u.ska

o fi!kao¾huh olaI;d we;s wh Ñ;% we`§u" .S .ehSu" k¾;kh wdÈh

u.ska o wd;au wNsudkh <Õd lr .ks;s'


3

fï wkqj wd;au wNsudkh i`oyd úúO l=i,;d bjy,a jk nj;a ;ud

i;= l=i,;d y÷kdf.k tAjd jeä ÈhqKq lr .ekSfuka wd;au wNsudkh

f.dv k.d .; yels nj;a Tng meyeÈ,s jkq we;'

l%shdldrlu

tla tla mqoa.,hka i;= iqúfYaIS yelshd j.=.; lr tA tla tla

yelshdjkag wÞ<j Tyqg <Õd lr .; yels ;;ajhka ,shkak'

Tn j.=.; l< mqoa., yelshd yd ;;aj my; ±lafjk j.=j yd ieif`oa

±hs n,kak'

1'1 j.=j

mqoa., yelshdjka yelshdjkag wkqj ,eìh yels

;;ajh

l%Svd yelshdj l%Svlfhl= ùu

Ñ;% we£u Ñ;% Ys,amsfhl= ùu

k¾;kh k¾;k Ys,amsfhl= ùu

ix.S;h ix.S;{fhl= ùu

rÕmEfï yelshdj rx.k Ys,amsfhl= ùu

.‚;uh yelshdj .‚;{fhl= ùu

NdIduh yelshdj yrj;a lú" .S;" fmd;a" m;a wdosfha

rplfhl= ùu

ks¾udKd;aul yelshdj ks¾udKlrefjl= ùu

1'1 rEmh - wd;au wNsudkhg fya;= jk úúO l=i,;d


by< udkj wjYH;djla jk wd;au wNsudk wjYH;d imqrd .ekSfï

§ wms tlsfkldg we;s yelshdjka y÷kd .; hq;= fjuq' tA y÷kd .;a

yelshd ixj¾Okhg iy m%o¾Ykhg wjia:djka ,nd .; hq;= h' tA i|yd

Tng .=re;=udf.a fyda .=re;=ñhf.a iydh fkduoj ,efnkq we;'

fujeks olaI;d t<s ±laùug wu;rj Tng hï hï wdldrhg mqoa.,hskag

WojQ l< yels h' tjeks wkHhkag l< fkdyels foa Tn úiska Tjqkag

lr fokq ,eîu o Tn ;=< wd;au wNsudkh we;s lr .ekSug fya;= fõ'

1'2 rEmh - wka whg Wojq lsÍu

tfia u wjxl nj" bjiSu" ldre‚l nj" úkh .rel nj" kS;s .rel nj

jeks Wiia .=KO¾u mj;ajd .ekSfuka o ;ud ms<sn| wd;au wNsudkhla

ksrdhdifhka u f.dv kef.a'

wm olaI;d t<s olajk úg th ;j;a whf.a wd;au wNsudkhg o fya;=

jQ nj fï mdvu uq, § bf.k .;a;d u;l o@ WÞyrKhla f,i ksu,a

óg¾ ishh ;r.fhka ch.%yKh lsÍu fya;=fjka Tyqf.a foudmshka

jeäysáhka .=rejreka" isiqka" mdi,a m%cdj yd m%foaYfha fuka u m<df;a u

wh o i;=gg yd WoaÞuhg m;a jQ yeá u;lhg k.d .kak' bka wm

f;areï .; hq;af;a wmf.a yelshdjka" .=KO¾u ksid wm yd ine¢

wfkl=;a wh ;=< o wm ms<sn`o wNsudkhla we;s jk njhs'

iqika;sld chisxy l%Säldj T,sïmsla ß§ molalu Èkd .;a wjia:dj iy

YS% ,xldj l%%slÜ f,dal l=i,dkh Èkd .;a wjia:dj isyshg k.d .kak'

tu wjia:d rgla jYfhka wm ;=< we;s lf<a uy;a wNsudkhls'


5

w;au wNsudkhg fya;= jk yelshdjka iy .=Kdx.

yelshd

• .dhkh

• jdokh

• rx.kh

• k¾;kh

• mß.Kl ;dlaIKh

• idys;H ks¾udK lsÍu

• úúO l%Svd yelshd

• úis;=re nvq iE§u

• l=Uqre jev

• u,a jeùu

• lEu msiSu

• lÓl;ajh

.=Kdx.

• kdhl;ajh

• ixúOdkd;aul nj

• wjxl nj

• mrd¾:ldó nj

• bjiSu

• ksy;udkslu

• úkh .rel nj

• kS;s .rel nj

• iudcdkqfhda.S nj

• iyfhda.S;dj

fï wkqj wm i;= yelshdjka iy hym;a .=Kdx. ixj¾Okfhka wmg

wd;au wNsudkhg m;a úh yels h'

wd;au wNsudkhg n,mdk idOl

wm i;=j l=uk olaI;d ;snqK o wd;au wNsudk wjYH;dj imqrd .ekSfï

§ thg bjy,a jk úúO idOl we;' tAjd wNHka;r idOl yd ndysr

idOl f,i fjka l< yels h'

l%shdldrlu

wd;au wNsudkh j¾Okh i|yd mjqf,ka yd mdif,ka Tng

Þhl;ajh ,nd ÿka wjia:d ,shkak'


wNHka;r idOl ^wm ;=< f.dv k.d .; hq;= idOl&

• ;u yelshd$ fkdyelshd y÷kd .ekSu - iajhx wjfndaOh

• wd;au úYajdih

• lemùu yd Wkkaÿj ;sîu

• ;udf.a j.lSï yd hq;=lï y÷kd .ekSu iy tAjd fkdmsßfy,d bgq

lsÍu

ndysr idOl ^ ndysr iudcfhka ,efnk idOl&

• fouõmshkaf.a" .=rejrekaf.a wdo¾Yh iy WmfoaYkh

• .=rejreka" jeäysáhka foudmshka" hy¿ fhfy<shka yd Y=N

m;kakkaf.a ms<s.ekSu" uÕfmkaùu yd w.h lsÍu

• ;Hd. yd iy;sl ,nd §fuka Èßu;a lsÍu

1'3 rEmh - ch.%yKhka we.hSug ,la ùu

by; ±la jQ wd;au wNsudk wjYH;dj imqrd .ekSu i|yd bjy,a jk

idOl foi mÍlaIdldÍj ne,Sfï § wm i;=j we;s yelshdj,ska hym;a

m%;sM, ,nd .ekSug kï iudc iïnkaO;d hym;aj mj;ajd .ekSu

jeo.;a nj Tng fmfkkq we;' iudc iïnkaO;d mj;ajd .ekSfï

yelshdj o by< udkj wjYH;djla jk wd;au wNsudk wjYH;dj imqrd

.ekSug bjy,a fõ'

wd;au wNsudkhg m;a jQ wm wfkla whf.a wd;au wNsudkh ms<sn|j o

ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= h' tfia u" Tjqkaf.a wd;au wNsudkhg ydks fkdjk

f,i lghq;= lsÍug o j. n,d .; hq;= h'

wmf.a nd, fidhqre fidhqßhka" ñ;=re ñ;=ßhka" ksjfia fyda mdif,a

fiajl fiaúldjkaf.a wd;au wNsudkh we;s lr .ekSug wmg o Þhl

úh yels h'


7

wd;au wNsudkhg ydks jk fya;=

iudcuh fya;= ;ud ;=< we;s fya;=

iudcfhka fldka lsÍu

fkdi,ld yeÍu

w.h fkdlsÍu

wkqkaf.a Woyig ,la ùu

Wiq¿ úiq¿j,g ,la ùu

ysxikhg ,la ùu

iudc úfrdaë l%shdj, fh§u

kS;s Í;s lv lsÍu

1'4 rEmh - ysxikhg ,la ùu

wd;au wNsudkfhka hq;= wh iudchg hym;la jk f,i lghq;= lr;s'

tfia u tlsfkldf.a wd;au wNsudkh ySk lrk l%shdldrlïj,ska

je<flk w;r" wka whf.a fuka u ;udf.a o wd;au wNsudkh /flk

mßÈ lghq;= lr;s'

úúO fya;=j,ska wm tlsfkldg fjkia jk w;r" iEu flfkl=g u

iqúfYaIS jQ wkkH;djla mj;S' th w.h lsÍug wm j. n,d .; hq;= h'

WÞyrK f,i ffjoHjrfhl= ;u yelshdfjka frda.Ska iqjm;a lrk

w;r" f.dú uyf;la ;u yelshdfjka rgl fmdaIK wjYH;d imqrhs'

bxðfkarefjl= ,nd fok ;dlaI‚l ±kqu m%fhdackhg f.k ld¾ñl

Ys,amSyq yd fmof¾refjda m%dfhda.slj f.dvke.s,s" md,ï jeks ks¾udK

ìys lsÍug Þhl fj;s'

1'3 j.=j


tA wkqj fï ish¨ fokd ;udg mejfrk ld¾hh id¾:lj bgq lrkafka

kï wd;au wNsudkhg m;a jk nj;a" ish¨ fokd fkdfjkiaj we.hSug

,la úh hq;= nj;a Tng meyeÈ,s jkakg we;'

idrdxYh

uQ,sl wjYH;d yd oaú;Shsl wjYH;dj,ska Tíng hñka by< udkj

wjYH;d bgq lr .ekSug W;aidy lsÍu ñksia iajNdjh hs' tA w;ßka

wd;au wNsudkh jeo.;a wjYH;djla fõ'

wmf.a iqúfYaIS olaI;d iy .=Kdx. Tma kxjd .ekSu o" we.hSug

,la ùu o wd;au wNsudkhg fya;= fjhs'

ldhsl" udkisl" iudÔh wd§ úúO wxYj,ska mqoa.,hka i;= úúO l=i,;d

wd;au wNsudkh we;s ùug fya;= fõ'

wd;au wNsudkh i|yd úúO wNHka;r idOl iy ndysr idOl n,mdhs'

wka whf.a;a" ;udf.a;a" wd;au wNsudkhg fya;= jk l=i,;d ixj¾Okh

i|yd úúO mshjr .; yels fõ' tfia u ;udf.a wd;au wNsudkh /l

.ekSug;a" wka whf.a wd;au wNsudkhg ydks fkdjk f,i lghq;=

lsÍug;a wms j. n,d .; hq;= fjuq'

wNHdi

1' ñksidf.a uq,sl wjYH;djka fudkjd o@

2' wdorh" iqrlaIs;;dj jeks idOl l=uk wjYH;d hg;g wh;a fõ o@

3' wd;au wNsudkhg fya;= jk wmf.a iqúfYaIS yelshd lsysmhla kï

lrkak'

4' wd;au wNsudkh we;s ùug n,mdk ndysr idOl fudkjd o@

5' wd;au wNsudkh imqrd .ekSu i|yd Tn ;=< f.dv k.d .; hq;=

wNHka;r idOl kï lrkak'

6' wd;au wNsudkh iys; mqoa.,hkaf.ka iudchg isÿ jk hym;

úia;r lrkak'


9

2 wdpdr fm<md<s bßhõ mqyqKq fjuq

Tn mdif,a ksjdidka;r l%Svd Wf,f<ys wdpdr fm<md<s lKavdhu

.uka l< wdldrh" cd;sl ksoyia Èk W;aijfha hqO" .=jka yd kdúl

yuqÞ fuka u fmd,sisfha idudðl idudðldjka wNsudkj;a wkaoñka

.uka l< ú,dih Tfí u;lhg kÕd .kak' by; wjia:d foflys u

isÿ l< bßhõ" úêu;a" tAldldÍ yd ßoauhdkql+, fuka u pu;aldrckl

o úh' Tn úoHd,fha YsIHNg lKavdhfï ßoauhdkql+, l%shdldrlï

bßhõ o fufia is;a weo.kakd iq¨ jQjd fkao@

ksjerÈ bßhõ mj;ajd .ekSu ksid Tng w;a jk hym;a m%;sM, ms<sn|j

yh yd y; fY%a‚j, § yeoEre wkaou u;l we;s fkao@ tfuka u

iSrefjka isàu" myiqfjka isàu yd is;a fia isàu jeks uQ,sl bßhõ

m%.=K lsÍug;a b|.ekSu" isg .ekSu" weú§u yd je;sÍu hk ffoksl

bßhõ ksjerÈj mj;ajd .ekSug;a Tn fï jk úg bf.k f.k we;'

fuu mdvu wjidkfha § wdpdr fm<md<shl we;=<;a úêu;a ksjerÈ

bßhõ mqreÿ-mqyqKq ùug Tng wjia:dj ,efí' tys § ksjerÈ yeÍu"

l,a ne,Su" .ufka hdu" kej;Su" iïudk ±laùu yd wdpdr fm<md<s

lKavdhula ieliSu hkdÈh ms<sn| wjfndaOhla ,nd .; yels h' fuu

mdvfï § tla tla l%shdldrlï úia;rd;aulj olajd we;af;a" l%Svd msáhg

f.dia mqyqKq ùfï myiqj i|yd nj u;l ;nd .kak'

ksjerÈ yeÍu

ia:dk.; ù isák ia:dkfha u isg md weÕs,s yd ú¨U Wmfhda.s lr

.ksñka uqyqK,d isák ÈYdfjka fjk;a ÈYdjlg p,kh ùu yeÍu

hkqfjka ir,j yÿkajd Èh yels h'


úúO yeÍfï bßhõ mj;sk w;r fuu mdvfï § Tng my; i|yka

yeÍfï bßhõ y÷kd .ekSug wjia:dj ,efí'

1' jug yeÍu

2' ol=Kg yeÍu

3' wdmiq yeÍu

fuu yeÍfï wjia:d ish,a, u irUdkql+,j" úêu;aj" ßoauhlg wkqj

yd ksYaÑ; ld, mrdihla ;=< isÿ l< hq;= h' tfia u fuu iEu

bßhõjla u iSrefjka isàfï § muKla isÿ lrk nj u;l ;nd .;

hq;= h' úOdk ,nd fok .=rejrhd fyda lKvdhï kdhlhd o ksjerÈj

iSrefjka isáñka muKla wÞ< úOdk ,nd fohs'

±ka wms tla tla yeÍfï bßhõ ir,j y`ÿkd .ksuq'

1' jug yeÍu

fuhska woyia lrkafka Tn ±kg uqyqK,d isák ÈYdfjka 900la jï

me;a;g yeÍu hs' fuys § Tnf.a jï mdofha ú¨U o ol=Kq mdofha md

weÕs,s o Wmfhda.S lr .kS'

jug yeÍfï bßhõj my; whqßka mshjr wkqj" mqyqKq jkak'

• 2'1 rEmh mßÈ iSrefjka isák Tnf.a jïmdofha ú¨U o ol=Kq mdofha

md weÕs,s o Wmfhda.S lr .ksñka 900la jï me;a;g yefrkak'

^2'2 rEmh&

• bka miq ol=Kq mdoh oKysiska kjd l<jd fmdf<djg iudka;rj

isák fia Tijkak' ^2'3 rEmh&

• wjidkfha Tijd we;s ol=Kq mdoh" iSrefjka bßhõfõ we;s jï mdoh

wi, fõ.j;aj m;s; lrkak' ^2'4 rEmh&

fuu l%shdldrlu isÿ lrk wjia:dfõ oE;a fkdfid,ajd YÍrh fomi

;nd .; hq;= h'


11

iSrefjka bßhõj 900la jug p,kh

ùu

ol=Kq mdoh Tijd isàu jug yereKq miq

bßhõj

l%shdldrlu

1' isõ fokd ne.ska l=vd lKavdhïj,g fjka ù jrlg tla

wfhl= ne.ska kdhl;ajh f.k úOdk fok w;r b;sß ;sfokd

jug yeÍfï bßhõj mqyqKq jkak'

2' ;ks lKavdhula f,i mka;sfha isiqka fm< .eiS iSrefjka

isákak' udrefjka udrejg kdhlfhl= m;a ù Tyq ,nd fok

úOdkh wkqj jug yeÍfï bßhõj lr olajkak'

2' ol=Kg yeÍu

fuu bßhõfõ § isÿ jkafka Tn ±kg uqyqK ,d isák ÈYdfjka 900la

ol=Kq me;a;g yeÍu hs' tys § Tnf.a ol=Kq mdofha ú¨U o jï mdofha

md weÕs,s o Wmfhda.S lr f.k ol=Kg yeßh hq;= h'

ol=Kg yeÍfï bßhõj my; whqßka mshjr wkqj mqyqKq jkak'

2'1 rEmh 2'2 rEmh 2'3 rEmh 2'4 rEmh


2'5 rEmfha mßÈ iSrefjka isák Tnf.a ol=Kq mdofha ú¨U o jï mdofha

md weÕs,s o Wmfhda.S lr .ksñka 900la ol=Kq me;a;g yefrkak'

^2'6 rEmh&

• bka miq jï mdoh oKysiska kjd l<jd fmf<djg iudka;rj isák

fia Tijkak' ^2'7 rEmh&

• wk;=rej Tijd we;s jï mdoh iSrefjka bßhõfõ we;s ol=Kq mdoh

wi, fõ.j;aj m;s; lrkak' ^2'8 rEmh& l%shdldrlu isÿ lrk

wjia:dfõ oE;a fkdfid,ajd Rcqj YÍrh fomi ;nd .; hq;= h'

2'5 rEmh

iSrefjka b ßhõj

2'6 rEmh

900 la ol=Kg p,kh

2'7 rEmh

jï mdoh tiùu

2'8 rEmh'

ol=Kg yereKq miq

bßhõj

l%shdldrlu

1' isõ fokd ne.ska l=vd lKavhïj,g fnfokak' tla wfhl=

ol=Kg yeÍfï úOdkh ,nd fokak' wfkla ;sfokd ol=Kg

yeÍfï bßhõj mqyqKq jkak'

2' mka;sfha isiqka lKvdhï follg fnÞ.kak' kdhlfhl=$

kdhsldjl m;a lr Tyqf.a$ wehf.a ol=Kg yeÍfï úOdkhg

wfkla iudðlhka tu bßhõj isÿ lrkak'


13

3' wdmiq yeÍu

wdmiq yeÍu hkq Tn ±kg uqyqK,d isák ÈYdjg m%;súreoaO ÈYdjg

yeÍu hs' tys § uq,a ÈYdfjka 1800la m%;súreoaOj yeÍu isÿ fjhs' iEu

úg u wdmiq yeÍfï bßhõj ;udf.a ol=Kq miska isÿ l< hq;= nj u;l

;nd .kak'

2'9 rEmh mßÈ iSrefjka isák Tnf.a ol=Kq mdofha ú¨U o jï mdofha

md we`.s,s o wdOdrfhka 1800la ol=Kq mig yefrkak ^2'10 rEmh&'

• fuys § mdo oKysia u;ska ysr lr ^Lock& ;sìh hq;= w;r oE;a

fkdfid,ajd YÍrh fomi ;nd isàu wksjd¾h fõ'

• wk;=rej msgqmi we;s jï mdoh oKysiska kjd l<jd fmdf<djg

iudka;rj bÈßhg Tijkak ^2'11 rEmh&'

• wjidkfha Tijd we;s jï mdoh iSrefjka we;s ol=Kq mdoh wi,

fõ.fhka m;s; lrkak ^2'12 rEmh&'

2'9 rEmh

iSrefjka bßhõj2'12 rEmh

wmiq yereKq miq

bßhõj

2'10 rEmh

1800 la j,kh2'11 rEmh

wdmiq yeÍfï

fojk bßhõj

l%shdldrlu

mka;sfha ñ;=rka iu. l=vd lKavdhï idÞ .kak' tla wfhl= úiska

wdmiq yeÍfï úOdkh ,nd fokak' wfkla wh ksjerÈj tu bßhõj

isÿ lrkak' kdhlhd udre fjñka úOdkh ,nd §u isÿ lrkak' fuu

l%shdj lsysm j;djla fkdlvjd isÿ lrkak'


ksjerÈ l,a ne,Su

l,a ne,Su o ßoauhdkql+, bßhõjls' fuh" iSrefjka isàfï bßhõfõ §

zzl,a'' n,ka'''ZZ hk úOdkhg wdrïN lrhs'

• m<uqfjka jï mdoh oKysiska kjd l<jd fmdf<djg iudka;rj

bÈßhg Tijkak'

• iSrefjka we;s ol=Kq mdoh wi, tu mdoh ;nkak'

• tAa iu. u ol=Kq mdoh oKysiska kjd l<jd fmdf<djg iudka;rj

bÈßhg Tijkak'

• ti jQ ol=Kq mdoh iSrefjka we;s jï mdoh wi, ;nkak' fuu mshjr

w;r úrduhla fkd;nd laI‚lj fuh isÿ l< hq;= fõ'

• fï wdldrhg mdo fol úOdkfha ßoauh wkqj udre lrñka tiùu

yd m;s; lsÍu lrkak'

fuu bßhõj isÿ lsÍfï § o oE;a fkdfid,ajd YÍrh fomi Rcqj ;nd

.; hq;= h' oEia Rcqj bÈßhg fhduq ù ;sìh hq;= w;r l| iDcqj ;nd.;

hq;= h'

2'13 rEmh

iSrefjka bßhõj

2'14 rEmh

l,a ne,Sfï bßhõj


15

l,a ne,Sfï § kej;Su

l,a n,ñka isák mqoa.,fhl=g fyda lKavdhulg ,efnk zzkj;Ska'''ZZ

hk úOdkhg isÿ lrk bßhõj fuhska woyia flf¾' zzkj;SkaZZ hk

úOdkh ,efnkqfha ol=Kq mdoh fmdf<dfõ jÈkjd;a iu.hs'

• mj;ajdf.k wd ßoauh wkqj jï mdoh Tijd kej; ìu m;s; lrkak'

• ol=Kq mdofha oKysi kjd l<jd fmdf<djg iudka;rj o weÕs,s

;=vq fmdf<djg o fhduq jk fia Tijd iSrefjka we;s jï mdoh

wi, fõ.j;aj m;s; lrkak'

l%shdldrlu

;sfokd ne.ska fyda l=vd lKavdhï jYfhka fjka jkak' tla

wfhl= l,a ne,Sfï yd kej;Sfï úOdkh ,nd fokak' wfkla wh

l,a ne,Sfï bßhõj yd kej;Sfï bßhõj ksjerÈj mqyqKq jkak'

mka;sfha ish¨ u <uqka fm<g isg .kak' tla wfhl= úiska

rndkla fyda fjk;a NdKavhlska ßoauhdkql+, jQ Yíohla ,nd

fok úg tu ßoauh wkqj l,a n,kak'

2'15 rEmh

l,a ne,Sfï § kej;Su

2'16 rEmh

iSrefjka bßhõj


ksjerÈj .ufka hdu

.ufka hdu hkq weú§fï bßhõj" tAldldÍj" ßoauhdkql+,j" úOdkhlg

isÿ lrk wjia:djls' iuQyhla jYfhka .ufka hdfï § ish¨ fokdf.a u

oE;a yd mdo tl u ßoauhlg p,kh lsÍula isÿ fõ' .ufka hdfï m%Odk

m%fNao folls'

1' YS>% .ufka hdu ^quick march&2' fifuka .ufka hdu ^slow march&

wm fuys § YS>% .ukfha hdu mqyqKq lruq' tA wkqj"

;ksj fyda lKavdhula jYfhka iSrefjka isák bßhõfõ § zz.ufka '''

hd'''ZZ hk úOdkhg .ufka hdu wdrïN lrhs'

• zzjuZZ kue;s úOdkh ,efnkjd;a iu.u jï mdoh bÈßhg úo m<uqj

ú¨U ìu m;s; lrkak'

• wk;=rej tu mdofha we`.s,sj,g meñfKkak'

• tA iu.ska u iSrefjka bßhõfõ mej;s ol=Kq w; bÈßhg yd Wrysia

uÜgñka fmdf<djg iudka;rj È. yßkak'

2'17 rEmh

.ufka hd''''ju lshQ úg bßhõj

2'18 rEmh

ol=K lshQ úg bßhõj


17

• jï w; È. yer yels ;dla msgq mig p,kh lrkak ^2'17 rEmh&'

• zzol=KZZ hkqfjka lshk úg msgq mi we;s ol=Kq mdoh m<uqj ú¨fUka

o wk;=rej md weÕs,sj,ska o bÈßhg ;nkak'

• msgq mi we;s jï w; Wrysi uÜgu olajd Tijd fmdf<djg iudka;rj

bÈßhg p,kh lrkak'

• bÈßfha mej;s ol=Kq w; È. yer yels ;dla msgq mig p,kh lrkak

^2'18 rEmh&'

fï wdldrhg úreoaO w; yd mdoh bÈßhg yd msgqmig p,kh lrñka

fuu l%shdj wLKavj isÿ lrk úg .ufka hdfï bßhõj isÿ fõ'

.ufka hdfï bßhõfõ § l| Rcqj ;nd .; hq;= w;r" bÈßh n,d .uka

l< hq;= h' fuys § mshjr w;r ÿr ^miq mdofha ú¨U fl<jr isg bÈß

mdofha weÕs,s ;=vqj, fl<jr olajd& w`.,a 30la muK ùu m%udKj;a h'

.ufka hdfï § kej;Su

fuh .ufka hk wjia:dfõ zzkj;Ska'''''ZZ hk úOdkh ,enqKq miqj isÿ

lrk ßoauhdkql+, bßhõjls' .ufka hdu isÿ jk wjia:dfõ jï mdofha

ú¨U fmdf<dfõ iam¾Y ùu;a iu. zzkj;SkaZZ hk úOdkh ,efí'

idudkH .ufka ßoauh mj;ajd .ksñka ol=Kq mdofhka idudkH mshjrla

bÈßhg ;nkak'

• idudkH mßÈ oE;a bÈßhg yd msgq mig p,kh lrkak'

• wk;=rej jï mdofhka flá mshjrla bÈßhg ;nk w;r p,kh

fjñka mej;s oE;a YÍrh fomi iSrefjka ;nkak'

• ol=Kq mdofha l<jd fmdf<djg iudka;rj bÈßhg Tijd iSrefjka

we;s jï mdoh wi, m;s; lrkak' kej;Su wjidkfha ksjerÈ

iSrefjka bßhõfõ isák nj ±l .; yels h'

1' isõ fokd ne.ska l=vd lKavdhïj,g fnfokak' rEmfha

wdldrhg ;ks fm<lg ;sfofkl= isg .kak' b;sß YsIHhdf.a

úOdk wkqj uq,a ;sfokd .ufka hdu yd kej;Su isÿ lrkak'

xxxx kdhlhd

l%shdldrlu


2' mka;sfha ish¨ fokd lKavdhï follg fjka jkak' m<uqj

kdhlhdf.a úOdkh wkqj .ufka hdu yd kej;Su mqreÿ jkak'

wk;=rej kdhlhd úiska rndkla" fnrhla fyda fíia v%ï

^Base Drum& jeks WmlrKhlska ksl=;a flfrk ßoauhdkql+,

Yíohg wkqj .ufka hdfï bßhõj mqyqKq jkak'

wdpdr fm<md<s lKavdhula ksjerÈj ieliSu

ksjdidka;r l%Svd Wf,f<ys wjidk wx.h wdpdr fm<md<sh hs' m%Odk

wdrdê; wuq;a;d we;=¿ msßig ;u ksjdifha" úoHd,fha f.!rjh ±laùfï

ixfla;hla f,i fuu iduQysl bßhõj isÿ lrhs' fuys § isÿ lrk

ßoauhdkql+, bßhõ rgd tAldldÍj m%o¾Ykh lsÍu i`oyd ukd mqyqKqjla

wjYH fõ' wdpdr fm<md<s lKavdhula ieliSu ms<s.;a mshjr wkqj isÿ

l< hq;= h'

mdi,a wdpdr fm<md<s lKavdhulg tys kdhlhd o we;=¿j Wmßuh

úismia fofkls' fuh LKavh" lKavdhu" >kh hk jpkj,ska o

y`ÿkajk w;r bx.%sisfha § th Platoon jYfhka y÷kajhs' fm<md<s

lKavdhula tla fm<lg wg fokd ne.ska Èla fma<ss ;=klska o tla

fm<lg ;=ka fokd ne.ska flá fma<s wglska o iukaú; h'

kdhlhd

Èla fma<s

flá fma<s

2'19 rEmh

xx x x x x x x xx x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

wdpdr fm<md<s lKavdhula ilia lsÍfï § wkq.ukh lrk mshjr

yd ,nd Èh hq;= úOdkfha iajNdjh Tfí wu;r ±kqu i|yd 2'1 j.=fõ

olajd we;' t<suykg f.dia" Tfí .=re;=udf.a fyda .=re;=ñhf.a Wmfoia

wkqj tu bßhõ mqyqKq jkak'


19

2'1 j.=j - wdpdr fm<md<s lKavdhula ieliSfï mshjr

mshjr

wxl

bßhõj úOdkh l%shd;aul iajrEmh

1 ;ks fm< ie§u lKavdhu ;ks

fm<''' ioka

^kdhlhd

lKavdhug

uqyqK ,d

bÈßfhka isg

úOdkh ,nd

fohs'&

lKavdhug wh;a YsIHhka

fyda YsIHdjka 24 fokd

^kdhlhd yer& w;ßka Wiska

jeä flkdf.a isg Wi

wvq flkd olajd Wrysfia

.Efjk fkd.Efjk f,i

Wfia ms<sfj<g ol=fKa

isg jug ;ks fm<laj isg

.ekSu

^2'20 rEmh&

2 iSrefjka isàu iSrefjka isàka'' ksjerÈ iSrefjka bßhõjg

meñŒu

^2'20 rEmh&

3 ol=‚ka .Kka

lsÍu

ol=‚ka''

.Ks''ka''

ol=Kq uQ,slf.ka wrïN lr

tfla isg 24 olajd ms<sfj<g

Yío k.d .Kka lsÍu'

;udg ysñ wxlh u;l

;nd .; hq;= w;r T;af;a

brÜfÜ fjki ms<sn|j o

ie,ls,a, fhduq l< hq;= h'

4 fofm< ie§u T;af;a ixLHd

mshjrla bÈßhg

o brÜfÜ

ixLHd mshjrla

msgqmig o fma<s

bÈßhg yd

msgqmig''' hd''

fuys § 1"3"5"7"9'''' jeks

T;af;a wxl ysñ YsIHhka

;udf.a jï mdoh mshjrla

bÈßhg ;nhs' wk;=rej ol=Kq

mdoh" l<jd fmdf<djg

iudka;r jk f,i bÈßhg

Tijd iSrefjka we;s jï mdoh

wi, fõ.j;aj m;s; lrhs'


mshjr

wxl

bßhõj úOdkh l%shd;aul iajrEmh

tfia u 2"4"6"8"10''' jeks

brÜfÜ wxl ysñ YsIHhka

;udf.a jï mdoh mshjrla msgq

mig ;nhs' wk;=rej ol=Kq

mdoh" l<jd fmdf<djg

iudka;r jk f,i bÈßhg

Tijd iSrefjka we;s jï

mdoh wi, fõ.j;aj m;s;

lrhs'

^2'21 rEmh&

5 fma<s jYfhka

ol=Kg yd

jug yeÍu

;=ka fm< ie§u

i`oyd'''' .ufka

''' hd'''

bÈß fma<sfha ol=Kq uQ,slhd

fkdfi,a ù tA whqßka u isáh

§ bÈß fma<sfha wfkl=;a

ish¨ fokd ol=Kg yeÍfï

bßhõjg wkqj 900la ol+Kq

mig yeÍu

miq fma<sfha ish¨ u fokd

uq, § bf.k .;a jug

yeÍfï bßhõjg wkqj

900la jï mig yeÍu

^2'22 rEmh&

6 ;=ka fm< ie§u ol=Kq uq,sl

fkdief,ka''

fmr fm<

ol=Kg;a miq

fm< jug;a

fma<s ol=Kg yd

jug yefrka'''

fmr fma<sfha uq,slhd bÈßh n,d fkdfi,a ù isà'fmr fma<sfha yd miq fm< wfkl=;a ish¨fokd tlsfkld miqmi ksjerÈ .ufka hdfï bßhõj wkq.ukh lrñka bÈßhg hhs' tys § fmr fm< fojekshd fkdie,S isák uQ,slhdgmsgqmiska mshjrl ÿßka isg .kS'


21

Tyqg tla mshjrla ÿßka f;jekakd isg .kS' Tyq isg .;a miq Tyqf.a zzwmaZZ hk úOdkhg jug yeÍu u.ska fmruqKg yefrhs' fï jk úg fma<s ;=kla iE§u wdrïN ù we;' wfkl=;a idudðlfhda wkqms<sfj<g tu fma<s wdjrKh jk fia flá fma<sj,g f.dia isg .ks;s'^2'23 rEmh&

;=ka fm<la iys; wdpdr fm<md<s lKavdhu ie§ wjika jQ miq Wiska

jeä <uqka fomig;a" ñá <uqka ueog;a isák fia V wl=rl yevh .kS'

^2'24 rEmh&

2'21 rEmh - fo fm< ieoSu

2'20 rEmh - ;ks fm< ieoSu

x x x x x x x x x x x xx x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x


x x x x x x x x x x x xx x x x x x x x x x x x

2'22 rEmh - fma<s jYfhka ol=Kg yd jug yeÍu

3 x x x x x x x x x x x x 2

24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13

x x x x x x x x x x x x x1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

2'23 rEmh - ;=ka fm< ie§u i|yd .ufka hdu

3 6 9 12 15 18 21 242 5 8 11 14 17 20 231 4 7 10 13 16 19 22

2'24 rEmh - ;=ka fm< ieÿKq fm<md,s lKavdhu


23

fm<md<s lKavdhul ÈYd y`ÿkd .ekSu

fm<md<s lKavdhula jYfhka bßhõ m%o¾Ykh lsÍfï § úOdk ,nd

§ug;a ksjerÈj bßhõ ±laùug;a ÈYd ms<sno wjfndaOh Tng jeo.;a fõ'

tA wkqj wdpdr fm<md<s lKavdhul m%Odk ÈYd y;r y÷kd .ksuq'

1' fmruqK (- lKavdhu iE§u wdrïN lrk wjia:dfõ ;ks

fm<la f,i bÈßh n,d isák ÈYdjhs' fndfyda

wjia:dj, lKavdhï kdhlhd isákafka fmruqfKahs'

2' ol=K (- bÈßh fyj;a fmruqK ÈYdj n,d isáh § ;u

ol=Kq w; msysgk me;a; ol=Kq ÈYdjhs'

3' ju (- bÈßh fyj;a fmruqK ÈYdj n,d isáh § ;u jï

w; msysgk me;a; jï ÈYdjhs'

4' miqmi (- bÈßh fyj;a fmruqK ÈYdjg 1800 m%;súreoaO ÈYdj

miqmi kñka y÷kajhs'

l%shdldrlu

iqÿiq mßÈ lKavdhï iE§ udrefjka udrejg lKavdhï

kdhlfhl= m;a lrkak' ;ks fm< iE§fï isg ;=ka fm< iE§u

olajd ksjerÈ úOdk ,nd fokak' .=rejrhdf.a wëlaIKh u;

;=ka fm< iE§fï bßhõ mqreÿ jkak'

jug jla ù .ufka hdu

jug jlaA ùu hkq lKavdhula fyda flá fma<s lSmhla tAldldÍj .uka

lrk úg iDcq yeÍula isÿ fkdlr" ;udf.a jï w; me;a;g jla fjñka

.uk bÈßhg lrf.k hduhs' Odjk m:hl jl% m%foaYfha .uka lrk

úg fuu bßhõj wksjd¾hfhka l< hq;= fõ'


idudkHfhka .ufka hdfï bßhõfõ isáh § zz '''''' jug'''' jlaZZ hk

úOdkh ,efí' fuys § .ufka ßoaufha fjkila isÿ fkdlr ;udf.a jï

w; foig jl% ù ßoauhdkql+, yeÍula isÿ fõ'

fuu bßhõfõ § we;=¿ fma<sh flá mshjrla o" ueo fma<sh Bg È.=

mshjrla o" msg; fma<sh Bg;a È.= mshjrla o ;nñka fÞrla jefik

wdldrhg rgdjlg .uka l< hq;= h' ^2'25 rEmh&

2'25 rEmh - jug jla ù .ufka hdu

l%shdldrlu

ksjerÈ úOdkj,g wkqj jug jla ù .ufka hdfï bßhõj

mqreÿ jkak'

iïudk olajñka .ufka hdu

.ufka hdfï bßhõj isÿ lrk úg mSÀldj u; isák m%Odk wdrdê;

wuq;a;d yd úÿy,am;sg ;u lKavdhfï wdpdrh olajñka .uk

fkdkj;ajd lrf.k hEu fuu bßhõfõ § isÿ flf¾'

fuu bßhõj i|yd" Tn lKavdhug zz .ufka § iïudk ''''''' ol=K'''''''''

n,ka'''''''''ZZ f,i úOdkh ,efí'

tfia úOdkh ,efnkafka .ufka hdu bßhõfõ isák Tnf.a jï mdoh

bÈßfhka fmdf<dfõ jÈkjd;a iu. h'

• tys § ol=Kq mdofhka idukH mshjrla bÈßhg ;nkak'


25

• kej; jï mdoh ;nkjd;a iu. u bÈßh n,d isá ysi fn,af,ka

900la iïmQ¾Kfhka ol=Kq mig yrjd n,ñka .uk fkdkj;ajd

isÿ lrkak'

fuys § miq fm< ol=Kq uQ,slhd iDcqj bosßh n,df.k .ufka hk

w;r fiiq ish¨ idudðlhka 900 la ol=Kq foig;a 450 la by<skq;a n,d

mSÀldfõ isák m%N+kag wdpdr olajñka .uka l< hq;= h'

• mSÀldj miq l< úg" miq fm< wjika idudðlhd úiska ,nd fok

zzfmrg ''' n,ka''' ZZ hk úOdkhg fmrg ne,Su isÿ lrkak'

2'26 rEmh - iïudk olajñka .ufka hdu

l%shdldrlu

mka;sfha ish¨ u <uqkaf.ka wdpdr fm<md<ss lKavdhula

iokak' tla wfhl= úOdkh ,nd fok w;r iïudk olajñka

.ufka hdfï bßhõj mqyqKq jkak'

idrdxYh

;ksj fyda iduQyslj" lsishï úOdkhlg wkqj bßhõ isÿ lsÍfï rgd

mj;S' fïjd isÿ lsÍug ksYaÑ; ld,hla" ßoauhla we;s w;r tAldldÍ

njlska o hqla; fõ'

tl u ia:dkhl §" uqyqK,d isák ÈYdfjka fjk;a ÈYdjlg p,kh ùu

yeÍuhs' jug yeÍu" ol=Kg yeÍu" wdmiq yeÍu wd§ f,i úúO yeÍfï

bßhõ mj;S'


l,a ne,Su" l,a ne,Sfï § kej;Su" .ufka hdu" .ufka § kej;Su hk

bßhõ o ksjerÈj isÿ l< hq;= fõ'

iïu; wdpdr fm<md<s lKavdhula ilia lsÍfï § wkq.ukh l< hq;=

ms<s.;a wkql%ñl rgdjla fuka u ms<s.;a úOdk l%ufõohla o ;sfí' ;ks

fm< ie§u" iSrefjka isàu" ol=‚ka .uka lsÍu" fofm< ie§u" fma<s

jYfhka ol=Kg yd jug yeÍu" ;=ka fm< iE§u hk mshjrhka wkqj

fuys wkql%ñl rgdjla ±l .; yels h'

fmruqK" ju" ol=K yd miqmi f,i fm<md<s lKavdhul ÈYd y;rla

mj;S' wdpdr fm<md<s lKavdhula jug jla ù .ufka hdu iy iïudk

olajñka .ufka hdu hk bßhõ o ksjerÈj m%.=K l< hq;= fõ'

fndfyda wjia:dj, yuqÞuh irU iajrEmhla mj;akd fuu bßhõ mqreÿ

mqyqKq ùu ;=< wmf.a ffoksl .uka ú,di yd bßhõ o l%udkql+, lr

.; yels h'

wNHdi 1' Tn bf.k.;a m%Odk yeÍfï bßhõ ;=k kï lrkak'

2' tu bßhõ ksjerÈj lr olajkak'

3' ksjerÈ l,ane,Sfï bßhõj isÿ lrkak'

4' wdpdr fm<md<s lKavdhula ieliSfï mshjr wkqms<sfj<ska kï

lrkak'

5' fm<md<ss lKvdhul ÈYd ljf¾±hs rEm igyka weiqßka fmkajd

fokak'

6' wdpdr fm<md<s lKavdhula .ufka hdfï § iïudk ±laùfï

bßhõj ksjerÈj lr olajkak'


27

3 fjd,sfnda,a l%Svdfõ fhfouq

mkaÿjla Ndú; lrñka lrk fjd,sfnda,a l%Svdj b;du;a wvq úhoulska

l=vd bvla ;=< l< yels h' tla ms,lg l%Svlhka fÞf<dia fofkl=

we;=<;a jqj;a jrlg yh fofkl=g muKla l%Svd l< yels fuu l%Svdj

Y%S ,xldfõ cd;sl l%Svdjhs'

fjd,sfnda,a l%Svdfõ tk mkaÿj msßkeóu" mkaÿj ,nd .ekSu" mkaÿj

tiùu" m%ydrh" je<elaùu" msáh /lSu hk olaI;d Tn y; fY%a‚fha

§ y÷kdf.k we;' tmuKla fkdj Tn miq.sh jif¾ § msßkeóu yd

,nd .ekSu hk olaI;d foflys há w;a msßkeóu yd há w;a ,nd

.ekSu m%dfhda.slj o bf.k f.k we;'

fuu fY%a‚fha § mkaÿ msßkeófï ;j;a l%uhla jk Wvq w;a msßkeóu

yd mkaÿ tiùug jeämqr u Ndú; jk Wvq w;a tiùu m%dfhda.slj

bf.k .ksuq'

fjd,sfnda,a l%Svdj y`ÿkd .ksuq

3'1 rEmh - fjd,sfnda,a l%Svd msáh

9 mmiq

l,dmh

ueo f¾Ldjmsßkeófï f¾Ldj

m%ydrl f¾LdjbÈß

l,dmh

6 m3 m


fjd,sfnda,a l%Svdfõ fhfok wjia:d wm fyd¢ka ksÍlaIKhg ,la l<

fyd;a tu l%Svdjg iqúfYaIS jQ ßoauhla ±lsh yels h'

• m<uqj tla ms,la úiska msßkuk ,o fnda,h m%;súreoaO msf,a l%Svlhka

úiska ,nd .ekSu'

• ,nd .kakd ,o fnda,h tu msf,a u l%Svlhka úiska Tijd §u

• tu Tijk mkaÿjg tu msf,a l%Svlfhl= úiska u myr fokq ,eîu

• tu myr fok mkaÿj ;u ms,g fkdtk fia m%;súreoaO msf,a l%Svlhka

úiska j<lajkq ,eîu

• j<lajd,k ,o fnda,h f.dv .ekSu

• Tijd §u

• myr §u je<elaùu

by; ±la jQ mßÈ fnda,h m;s; jk ;=re tu ßoauh mj;ajd f.k hkq

wmg ±lsh yels h'

Wvq w;a msßkeóu (Over arm service)

l%shdldrlu

fjd,sfnda,hla f.k fjd,sfnda,a l%Svd msáhg f.dia Tnf.a

hy¿fjl=f.a iydh o ,nd f.k l%Svd msáfha me;s fofla

±, wi,g meñK mkaÿj ysig by<ska hk fia msßkukak'

l%ufhka ÿr jeä lrñka fuu l%shdldrlu lrkak'

Wvq w;a msßkeófï Ys,amSh l%uh

Tn y; fY%a‚fha § W.;a há w;a msßkeóu fuka u Wvq w;a msßkeóu

o bf.kSfï myiqj i|yd mshjr lsysmhla hgf;a úia;r l< yels h'

Wvq w;a

msßkeóu

mkaÿj iam¾Yhg fmr wjia:dj

mkaÿj iam¾Y lrk wjia:dj

mkaÿj iam¾Y lsÍfuka miq wjia:dj


29

A B C D E

mkaÿj iam¾Y lsÍug fmr wjia:dj

• bÈßh n,d isg .kak'

• kqyqre w; È. yer mkaÿj w;a, u; ;nd .kak'

• tu w; me;af;a mdoh u|la bÈßfhka ;nd .kak'

• YÍrfha nr miq mdohg fhduq jk fia isg .kak' ^3'2 A rEmh&

• myr fok w; je<ñfgka kud ysig msgqmi by<ska ;nd .kak'

^3'2 B rEmh&

mkaÿj iam¾Y lrk wjia:dj

• mkaÿj ;udg myiq m%udKhg Wv oukak'

• myr fok w; fõ.fhka bÈßhg f.k tñka mkaÿfõ ueog w;af,ka

myr fokak'

• myr fok úg w; È. yer ;sìh hq;= h'

^3'2,C,D rEm&


• myr ÿka w; YÍrh bÈßfhka my<g f.k tkak'

• miq mdoh bÈßhg f.k tafuka YÍrfha iunr;dj /l .kak'

^3'2 E rEmh&

3'2 rEmh - Wvq w;a msßkeóu


Tnf.a .=re;=udf.a fyda .=re;=ñhf.a iydh ,nd f.k tla tla wjia:dfõ

§ isÿ jk l%shdjka m%dfhda.slj l%shdjg k.kak' tA i`oyd fuu msßkeófï

Ys,amSh l%u ±lafjk mska;+r o ksÍlaIKh lr n,kak'

Tn ksoyfia Wvq w;a msßkeóu l< wdldrh yd fuu Ys,amSh l%uh w;r

we;s fjki y÷kd .kak' tA wkqj fuu Ys,amSh l%uh Ndú;hg W;aidy

.kak'

Wvq w;a msßkeóu mqyqKqj i|yd l%shdldrlï

1' fjd,sfnda,a ±, wä myla muK Wig isák fia ilia lrkak'

l%Svd msáfha fomi isg ±,g by<ska hk fia" ksjerÈ Ys,amSh

l%uhg Wvq w;a msßkeóu isÿ lrkak'

l%ufhka ±f,a Wi wä wgla olajd jeä lrñka tu l%shdldrlu

kej; kej; lrkak'

2' fjd,sfnda,hla iu. ì;a;shla wi,g hkak'

fmdf<dfõ isg wä 8la muK by<ska jk fia ì;a;sfha i,l=Kq

lsysmhla fhdokak'

bka miq i,l=Kqj, jÈk fia ì;a;sh wdikakfhka óg¾ 5la muK

ÿrlska isg fnda,hg myr fokak'

óg¾ 10 olajd ÿr l%ufhka jeä lrñka Wvq w;a l%uhg fnda,hg myr

fokak'

3'3 rEmh


31

3'4 rEmh

wä 8

tla tla i:dkfha § fnda,hg myr Èh hq;= fõ.h yd myr fok wf;ys

l=uk m%foaYhlska fnda,hg myr Èh hq;= ±hs y÷kd .kak'

Wvq w;a tiùu (volley pass)fjd,sfnda,a l%Svdfõ oS m%ydrh i`oyd fnda,h Tijd Èh hq;= h'

tA i|yd há w;a tiùu yd Wvq w;a tiùu Ndú; flf¾' há w;a tiùu

(Dig Pass) Tn 7 fY%aKsfha § W.;a há w;a ,nd .ekSfï Ys,amSh l%uhg

iudk fõ' Tijd §u i|yd jvd;a myiq yd úYajdiS l%uh jkafka Wvq

w;a tiùu hs' (Volley Pass)

l%shdldrlu

Bounce l< fnda,fha hg me;af;ka oE; u Wmfhda.S lrf.k

w,a,d th by<g hjkak' fnda,h ìug jeàug fkd§ ysig by<

§ fnda,h hg me;af;ka w,a,d by<g hjkak' fuh fkdlvjd

fndfyda fõ,djla lrkak' fnda,h we,a,Sfï § w;a, wyi foig

yrjd ;nd .kak'

Tnf.a hy¿fjl=f.a Woõ ,ndf.k hy¿jd iu. fnda,h

we,a,Su yd heùu lrkak' iEu úgl u fnda,h we,a,Su

fnda,fha m;=,ska oE; u úysÞ l< hq;= nj is;kak' fuu

l%shdldrlu fndfyda fõ,djla lrkak' fnda,h we,a,Sfï

§ ysig by<ska oEf;a w;a, wyi foig yrjd ;nkak'

1.

2.


Wvq w;a tiùfï Ys,amSh l%uh

Wvq w;a l%uhg mkaÿj tiùfï § o wjia:d ;=kla hgf;a th yeoEßh

yels fõ'

Wvq w;a tiùu


mkaÿj iam¾Y lsÍfï wjia:dj



3'5 rEmh

3'6 rEmh

• fomd Wrysia m<,g iudkj fyda u|la

m<,a jk fia ;nd iunrj isg .kak'

• oKysia u|la kjd YÍrh my<g f.k

tkak'

• l| iDcqj ;nd .kak'

• fo w;aj, uymgeÕs,s yd on/Õs,s

;%sfldaKdldr yevhlg isák fia

weÕs,s ,sys,aj" mkaÿj yiq jk m%udKhg

f.da,dldr yevhlg ;nd .kak'

• ue‚la lgq ikaê ,sys,aj ;nd .kak'

• tfia ilid .;a fo w;a k<,g u|la

by<ska ;nd .kak'

• fo w;a uymgeÕs,s yd on/Õs,s w;ßka

oEia mkaÿj fj; fhduq lrkak'


33

mkaÿj iam¾Y lsÍfï wjia:dj

• j<¨lr" oKysia" Wl=," je<ñg yd

ue‚lalgq ikaê È. yßñka YÍrh

by<g Tijñka oEf;a weÕs,s ;=vq

wdOdrfhka mkaÿj by<g fhduq lrkak


• oE;a ,sys,a lrñka mkaÿj .uka lrk

ÈYdjg È. yßkak'

• mdo È. yßñka YÍrh by<g fhduq lrkak'

• mdohla fmrg ;nd YÍrfha iunr;dj

/l .kak'

Tnf.a .=re;=udf.a fyda .=re;=ñhf.a iydh ,ndf.k fï tla tla

wjia:djka m%dfhda.slj l%shdjg k.kak'

Wvq w;a tiùu mqyqKqj i`oyd l%shdldrlï

1' fjd,sfnda,hla fyda fjk;a wdfoaYl fnda,hla f.k ìu ;nd fnda,h

uqÿk; ±;ska w,a,d fmdf<dj u;g .ikak'

fnda,h by<g toa§ oEf;a weÕs,s Wmfhda.S lr .ksñka kej; kej;

ìu .ikak ^Bounce lrkak&'

by; l%shdldrlfï § fuka ìu .id by<g tk fnda,h weÕs,s ;=vq

Wmfhda.S lrf.k hy¿jd fj;g hjkak'

fuu l%shdldrlu fndfyda fõ,djla lrkak'

3'8 rEmh

3'7 rEmh


2' fjd,sfnda,hla f.k ì;a;shla wi,g hkak'

fmdf<dfõ isg wä 10la muK by<ska i,l=Kla fhdokak'

ì;a;shg óg¾ 4la fyda 5 wE;ska isg" i,l=Kqj, jÈk fia fnda,h

weÕs,s ;=vqj,ska hjkak'

fuh fkdkj;ajd fndfyda fõ,djla lrkak'

mkaÿj msßkeóug iy mkaÿj tiùug wod< kS;s Í;s

• mkaÿj msßkeóu ix×jg isÿ l< hq;= h

• mkaÿj Wv oud ;;amr wgla ;=< msßkeóu isÿ l< hq;= h

• msßkeófï f¾Ldj iam¾Y fkdl< hq;= h

• tiùfï § mkaÿj wf;a /`§ ;sìh fkdyels h

• mkaÿj w,a,d úis lsÍug fkdyels h

• tiùfï § mkaÿj tla jrlg jvd wf;a iam¾Y fkdúh hq;= h

idrdxYh

Y%S ,xldfõ cd;sl l%Svdj jk fjd,sfnda,a l%Svdj wvq úhoulska yd wvq

bv lvla ;=< l< yels l%Svdjls' fuu l%Svdj olaI;d lsysmhla u;

mokïj ;sfnk w;r fuys ßoauhla ±l .; yels h'

fuu l%Svdfõ olaI;d w;ßka mkaÿj msßkeóu i|yd fhdÞ .kakd Wvq

w;a msÍkeófï Ys,amSh l%uh mkaÿj iam¾Y lsÍug fmr wjia:dj" mkaÿj

iam¾Y lrk wjia:dj iy mkaÿj iam¾Y lsÍfuka miq wjia:dj hk

wjia:dj,ska meyeÈ,s l< yels h'

mkaÿj tiùu isÿ lrk wdldr fol f,i há w;a tiùu iy Wvq w;a

tiùu ±laúh yels fõ' Wvq w;a tiùfï Ys,amSh l%uh o bf.kSfï myiqj

i|yd tiùug iqÞkï ùfï wjia:dj" mkaÿj iam¾Y lsÍfï wjia:dj"

mkaÿj iam¾Y lsÍfuka miq wjia:dj f,i fldgia ;=klska yeoEÍug

yels fõ'

fuu Ys,amSh l%u m%.=K lsÍu i|yd Tn úúO l%shdldrlïj, ksr; úh

hq;=hs'


35

wNHdi 1' Wvq w;a msßkeóu mqyqKqj i|yd Ndú; l< yels l%shdldrlï folla

lr fmkajkak

2' Wvq w;a tiùfï Ys,amSh l%ufha we;s wjia:d ;=fkys § isÿ jk mshjr

tlska tl lr fmkajkak

3' fjd,sfnda,a l%Svdfõ ßoauh ±lafjk my; i|yka rEmfha ysia;eka

mqrjkak' msßkeóu


4 fkÜfnd,a l%Svdfõ ksr; fjuq

ixúOdkd;aul l%Svd w;ßka ldka;djka w;r ckm%sh l%Svdjla f,i

fkÜfnda,a l%Svdj ye¢kaúh yels h' l=vd bvla ;=<" kshñ; ld,

iSudjlg hg;aj lS%äldjka 14 fofkl= tlsfkldf.a fkd.Eù Tn fudn

ÿjñka lrk fuu lS%vdj is;a.kakd iq¨h'

y; fY%A‚fha § fkÜfnda,a l%Svdfõ tk mkaÿ md,kh" mdo yqrej"

wdl%uKh" je<elaùu iy ú§u hk olaI;d y÷kd.;a Tn mdo yqrej

ms<sn| oekqu o" th l%Svdmsáfha § mqyqKq jk wdldrh ms<sn|j m%dfhda.slj

w;a±lSï o ,nd f.k we;'

fuu fY%a‚fha § fkÜfnda,a l%Svdfjys ksr; ùug wjYH olaI;djla jk

mkaÿ md,kh i|yd ksjerÈj mkaÿj .%yKh" mkaÿ heùu" úis lsÍug

yd mkaÿj we,a,Sug bf.k .ksñka úúO mkaÿ heùfï l%u ms<sn|j o

l=i,;d j¾Okh lr .ksuq'

mkaÿj ksjerÈj .%yKh lsÍu

fkÜfnda,a l%Svdfõ § fkÜfnda,h oE;ska .%yKh lsÍug yqre úh hq;= h'

tA i|yd my; l%shdldrlu l%Svd msáfha § isÿ lrkak'

l%shdldrlu

mkaÿj ;ud bÈßfhka mdo wi,ska ìu ;nkak' oE;aj, we`.s,s

úysÿjkak' udmg we`.s,s fol ;rula wdikak jk f,i <x

lrkak' udmgwe`.s,s yd w;a fofla we`.s,s úysÿjd bÈßmig

È.= lr W yevhg w;a fol ;nd .kak' tu yevhg oE;a

;nd keù mkaÿj w,a,kak' mkaÿj ksjerÈj w,a,d l| fl<ska

lrkak' fuu bßhõj ksjerÈj mqyqKq jkak' ^4'1 rEmh&


37

4'1 rEmh - mkaÿj ksjerÈj .%yKh

mkaÿj ksjerÈj heùu ^úis lsÍu&

l%shdldrlu

l%Svdmsáfha § hy¿jka iu. ksoyfia mkaÿj úis lsÍug;a

we,a,Sug;a mqyqKq jkak' fuys § mkaÿj úis lsÍu ;ks w;ska

yd oE;ska isÿ lrkak'

4'2 rEmh - mkaÿj ksjerÈj heùu


mkaÿj heùfï § wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;= lreKq

Tn fï mdvfï § bf.k .kakd ish¨ u heùï l%uj, § YÍrh iunrj

;nd .ekSug my; lreKq flfrys wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;= fõ'

• mkaÿj úis lsÍu wdrïNfha §" ;ks w;ska fyda oE;ska mkaÿj f.k

yqre mdoh msgqmiska ;nkak'

• YÍrfha nr miq mdohg fhduq lrkak'

• mkaÿj hjk ÈYdjg oEia fhduq lrkak'

• ;ks w;ska mkaÿj hjkafka kï ksoyia w; ieye,a¨ f,i u|la

bÈßhg È.= lrkak'

• mkaÿj bÈßhg úis lrkak'

• mkaÿj heùfï § miq mdofha ;snQ isref¾ nr bÈßmdohg udre lrñka

YÍrh iunr lr .kak'

fufia Tn fj; tjk mkaÿj w,a,d .ekSu o ksjerÈj isÿ l< hq;= h'

mkaÿj we,a,Sfï § wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;= lreKq

• mkaÿj we,a,Sfï §" tla mdohla bÈßhg ;nd YÍrfha nr bÈßhg

fhduq lr mkaÿj tk ÈYdjg oE;a È.= lrkak'

• mkaÿj oE;ska u we,a,Su;a iu. th ;ud foig weo.ksñka bÈß

mdofha ;snq YÍrfha nr miq mdohg udre lrñka YÍrh iunr lr

.kak'

• mkaÿj ,nd.ekSfï § ksjerÈj mkaÿj .%yKh lsÍu jeo.;a h'

mkaÿ heùfï l%u

fuu l%Svdfõ § mkaÿ heùu ;ks w;ska fyda oE;ska isÿ l< yels h'

mkaÿj r`ojd .kakd ia:dkh yd mkaÿj heùfï § w;a Ndú;h wkqj mkaÿ

heùfï úúO l%u ks¾udKh ù we;'


39

mkaÿ heùfï l%u

;ks w;ska mkaÿj heùfï l%u

• Wrysia hejqu

Shoulder Pass• Wrysig by<ska hejqu

Lob Pass/ Highshoulder Pass• fymamd hejqu

Bounce Pass• há w;a hejqu

Under arm Pass

oE;ska mkaÿj heùfï l%u

• mmqjg fl<ska hejqu

Chest Pass• ysig by<ska hejqu

Over head Pass• me;s hejqu

Side Pass• fymamd hejqu

Bounce Pass

;ks w;ska mkaÿ heùfï l%u

1' Wrysia hejqu

mkaÿj Wrysig wdikakj ;nd .kakd ksid fuh

Wrysia hejqu f,i kï lrhs'

Wrysia hejqu mqyqKq ùug my; mshjr wkq.ukh

lrkak'

• mkaÿj iys; w; Wrysig wdikakj ;nd

.kak'

• Wrysia uÜgñka mkaÿj bÈßhg hjkak'

Tn by; § bf.k .;a mßÈ YÍrh iunr lr

.kak'

fufia hefjk mkaÿj we,a,Sfï § Tn l,ska bf.k .;a lreKq wkqj

YÍrfha iunr;dj /l .ekSug lghq;= lrkak'

4'3 rEmh


2' Wrysig by<ska hejqu

fuu hejqï l%ufha § mkaÿj hjkakd yd ,nd

.kakd w;r m%foaYfha § mkaÿj Wrysig by<ska

ljdldrj .uka lrhs' fuu hejqu l%Svdmsáfha §

my; mshjr wkqj mqyqKq jkak'

• mkaÿj yqre w;g .kak'

• mkaÿj iys; w; Wrysig by<ska u|la

miqmig f.k ;nd .kak'

• Wrysia uÜgug by<ska ljdldr yevhla

f.k fok wdldrhg mkaÿj bÈßhg

hjkak'

• mkaÿj heùfï § o" we,a,Sfï § o l,ska

bf.k .;a mßÈ YÍrh iunrj mj;ajd .kak'

Wrysia hejqu iy Wrysig by<ska hejqu mqyqKqj i|yd l%shdldrlï

mka;sfha hy¿jka lKavdhï lsysmhlg fnfokak'

iEu lKavdhula u fma<shla ne.ska idÞ .kak'

fma<sj, kdhlhka óg¾ 5l muK ÿßka bÈßfhka isg .kak'

kdhlhka úiska ;u fma<sfha m<uqjekakdg Wrysia hejqfuka mkaÿj

hjkak'

m<uqjekakd mkaÿj w,a,d kej;;a kdhlhd fj; Wrysia hejqfuka

mkaÿj hjd" fma<sfha msgqmig hkak'

Wrysia hejqu hjd wjika jQ úg Wrysig by<ska heùu o tfia u isÿ

lrkak'

x x

x11

A B

1

x x

x x

x x

x x

x

3

x

x

x

x

x

2

2x

x

x

x

x

4

x

x

x

x

x

5ó' 5

x

x

x

x

4'5 rEmh

4'3 rEmh


41

3' fymamd hejqu

fuys § mkaÿj hjkakd;a ,nd .kakd;a w;r m%foaYfha mkaÿj fymamd

lr ̂ mkaÿj me;a;g fmd<d mksk fia fmdf<dfjys .id& heùu isÿ lrhs'

32

31

4'6 rEmh

fuh my; mshjr wkqj mqyqKq úh yels h'

• mkaÿj iys; w; bK uÜgñka ;nd .kak'

• mkaÿj hjkakd;a ,nkakd;a w;r ÿßka ;=fkka foll fldgila

hjkakdf.a me;af;a ;nd mkaÿj fymamd ^bounce& lr ,nkakdg

hjkak'

fymamd hejqu mqyqKq ùug l%shdldrlï

mka;sfha ish¨ fokd lKavdhïj,g fnfokak'

rEm igykg wkqj lKavdhï uqKg uqyqK,d óg¾ ;=kl ÿrlska isg

.kak'

A me;af;a m<uq isiqjd B me;af;a isiqjdg mkaÿj fymamd hjd ;u fma<sfha

msgqmiska isg.kak'

B me;af;a isiqjd mkaÿj w,a,d A me;af;a B<Õ isiqjdg fymamd hjd

fma<sfha msgqmig hkak'

411

A me;a;

ó' 3

B me;a;

23 322

11

x

xx

x

xx

x

xx

x

xx

x

xx

x

xx

x

xx

4'7 rEmh


4' há w;a hejqu

fuu hejqï l%ufha § mkaÿj oKysig my<ska

heúh hq;=hs' mkaÿj ,nd .kakd ;eke;a;d

bK;a oKysi;a w;r m%foaYfha § mkaÿj

w,a,d .; hq;= fõ'

• oKysia kjd l| bÈßhg my;a fldg mkaÿj

oKysig my<ska isák fia ;nd .kak'

• YÍrhg wdikakj my;g fhduq ù we;s w;

oKysig my<ska bÈßhg fhduq lrkak' tA

iu. u YÍrh iunr lr .kak'

• mkaÿj ,nd .kakd l%Säldjf.a bK;a oKysi;a w;r m%foaYhg mkaÿj

hjkak'

há w;a hejqu mqyqKq ùug l%shdldrlï

lKavdhï lsysmhlg fnfokak'

4'9 rEmhg wkqj ish¨ u lKavdhï wv rjqulg isg.kak'

tla wfhl= wv ljfha ueog meñfKkak'

ueo isákakd wv ljfha isák hy¿jkag há w;a hejqu ,nd fokak'

Tjqka mkaÿj w,a,d ueo isákakdg wdmiq hjkak'

fufia ish¨ u wh ueog meñfKk f,i fuu l%shdldrlu isÿ lrkak'

4'9 rEmh

1

2

3

4

5

6x

xx

x

xx

4'8 rEmh


43

oE;ska mkaÿj heùfï l%u

1' mmqjg fl<ska hejqu

mkaÿj .%yKh lr r|jd ;nd .kafka mmqjg bÈßfhka yd wdikakj

isák f,ig h' mkaÿj flá ÿrla heùu i|yd fuu l%uh Ndú; lrhs'

4'10 rEmh

• mkaÿj ksjerÈj w,a,d" oEf;a je<ñg

my<g fhduq jk fia YÍrhg

wdikakj isák f,i" mkaÿj mmqjg

wdikakj ;nd .kak'

• oE;a bÈßhg fhduq lrk .uka ueKsla

lgqj yd w;e`.s,s Ndú; lrñka mkaÿj

bÈßhg hjkak'

• YÍrh iunr lr .kak'

mmqjg fl<ska hejqu mqyqKqj i|yd l%shdldrlï

mka;sfha isák isiqka iudkj lKavdhï

lsysmhlg fnfokak'

tla tla lKavdhula óg¾ ;=kla muK ÿßka uqyqKg uqyqK,d fma<s

foll isg .kak' ^4'11 rEmh&

A

B1 2 3 4

1 2 3 4

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x A

B1 2 3 4

1 2 3 4

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

4'11 rEmh

A fma<sfha m<uq jekakd B fma<sfha m<uq jekakdg mkaÿj mmqjg fl<ska

hjkak'

tu mkaÿj ksjerÈj w,a,d A fma<sfha fojekakdg hjkak'

lKavdhfï ish¨ u fokdg wjia:dj ,efnk ;=re l%shdldrlu isÿ

lrkak'


2' ysig by<ska hejqu

4'12 rEmh

mkaÿj ;nd .; hq;af;a ysig by<ska h' mkaÿj

hjkakd yd ,nd .kakd w;r by<ska" ljdldrj"

bÈßhg heúh hq;= h'

• mkaÿj w,a,d ysig msgqmiska oE;a È.= lr ;nd

.kak'

• oE;ska mkaÿj bÈßhg ljdldrj hk fia

bÈßhg hjkak' ^ue‚la

lgqj yd weÕs,s Ndú;fhka&

• YÍrh bÈßhg fhduq lrñka iunr lr .kak'

4' me;s hejqu

YÍrfha me;a;lska mkaÿj heùu isÿ lrhs'

• mkaÿj Wrysi yd bÕ m%foaYh w;r YÍrfha

;rula me;a;g isák fia ;nd .kak'

• Wl=, lrljd fow;a uola miqmig f.k tau

me;a;g nr ù ,nkakdf.a bKg iudka;rj

,nd.; yels fia mkaÿj bÈßhg hjkak'

• YÍrh iunr lr .kak'

ysig by<ska hejqu iy me;s hejqu mqyqKqj ioyd l%shdldrlï

mka;sfha isák isiqka iudkj lKavdhïj,g fjka jkak'

lKavdhï wv rjqulg isg .kak'

tla wfhl= ueog meñK ysig by<ska mkaÿj wfkla isiqkag hjkak'

ysig by<ska hejqu wjika jQ miq me;s hejqu o tfia u isÿ lrkak'

4'13 rEmh


45

1

2

3

4

56

x

xx

x

xx

4'14 rEmh

4' fymamd hejqu

32

31

4'15 rEmh

fuh ;ks w;ska yd oE;ska u isÿ l< yels h' Tn úiska óg fmr fuu

fymamdhejqu ;ks w;ska isÿ lrk ,§'

• oE;ska mkaÿj w,a,d bK uÜgñka ;nd .kak'

• hjkakd;a" ,nkakd;a w;r ÿßka ;=fkka foll fldgila hjkakdf.a

me;af;a ;nd f.k mkaÿj fymamd lr hjkak'

• mkaÿj ,nd .kakdg jug fyda ol=Kg fyd¢ka we§ mkaÿj ,nd .;

yels jk fia mkaÿj hjkak'


fymamd hejqu mqyqKqj i|yd l%shdldrlï

l%Svd msáfha uqyqKg uqyqK ,d fma<s folla iEfokak'

Tn bÈßfha isák hy¿jdg ksjerÈj mkaÿj fymamd lr hjkak'

mkaÿj hejQ miq fma<sfha msgqmig tl;= jkak'

411 23 32

2

11

x

xx

x

xx

x

xx

x

xx

x

xx

x

xx

x

xx

4'16 rEmh

idrdxYh

fkÜfnda,a l%Svdfõ ksr; ùfï § mkaÿj ksjerÈj heùug;a" w,a,d

.ekSug;a" ksjerÈj .%yKh lsÍug;a Tn olaI úh hq;= h' mkaÿj heùu

i|yd ;ks w; fyda oE; Ndú; l< yels h'

;ks w;ska mkaÿj heùu i|yd Wrysia hejqu" Wrysig by<ska hejqu"

fymamd hejqu" há w;a hejqu Ndú; l< yels h'

oE;ska mkaÿ heùu i|yd mmqjg fl<ska hejqu" ysig by<ska hejqu" me;s

hejqu" fymamd hejqu Ndú; l< yels h'

by; l%uj,ska mkaÿ heùfï §;a" mkaÿj ,nd .ekSfï §;a" ksjerÈ Ys,amSh

l%uh wkq.ukh lrñka YÍrh iunrj mj;ajd .; hq;= fõ' tfuka

u mkaÿ heùfï úúO l%u m%.=K lsÍu i|yd úúO l%shdldrlïj, ksr;

ùug Tng yels h'


47

wNHdi 1' mkaÿ heùfï m%Odk l%u lSho@ tAjd kï lrkak'

2' mkaÿ heùfï § Tn ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= lreKq fudkjd o@

3' mkaÿj w,a,d .ekSfï § wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;= lreKq olajkak'

4' mkaÿj ksjrÈj .%yKh lr .kakd wldrh rEm igyklska we|

olajkak'

5' ;ks w;ska yd oE;ska mkaÿ heùfï wdldr fol ne.ska lr fmkajkak'


5 Odjk ;r. wdrïNh yÞruq

u,, l%Svd hgf;a mj;sk Odjk biõ Èùug we;s ÿr m%udKh wkqj

flá ÿr" ueÈ ÿr iy È.= ÿr f,i j¾. ;=klg fnÞd we;' ́ kE u Odjk

biõjla ch.%yKh i`oyd Odjk wdrïNh b;d jeo.;a fõ' flá ÿr

Odjk biõj, § m%udo ù .kakd wdrïNh mrdchg fnfyúka n,mdhs'

Èùug we;s ÿr wkqj ,nd .; hq;= wdrïNl l%uh o fjkia fõ' flá

ÿr Èùfï § l=ÿ wdrïNh o" ueÈ yd È.= ÿr Èùfï § ysá wdrïNh o fhdÞ

.kS'

y;a jk fY%a‚fha § Tn bf.k .;a ksjerÈ Èùul § w;aj, yd mdoj,

l%shdldß;ajh;a" Èùu mqyqKqj i|yd lrk ,o wNHdi;a kej; u;la lr

.kak'

fï mdvfuka wms Odjkfha we;s wdrïNl l%u yÞrd tA w;ßka l=ÿ

wdrïNfha ueÈ werUqu m%dfhda.slj" ksjerÈj m%o¾Ykh lruq'

Odjk ;r. wdrïNl l%u

Odjk ;r. wdrïNfha úúO l%u my; oelafjk mßÈ j¾. l< yels h'

5'1 igyk

wdrïNh

ysá werUqu l=ÿ werUqu

flá werUqu ueÈ werUqu È.= werUqu


49

ysá werUqu ^standing start&

ysá bßhõfõ isg wdrïN lrk ksid fuh ysá werUqu f,i y÷kajhs'

È.= ÿr iy ueÈ ÿr Odjk biõ i|yd ysá werUqu fhdÞ .kS' tA wkqj

óg¾ 400 g jvd jeä iEu biõjla i|yd u ysá werUqu fhdÞ .; hq;= h'

WÞ( óg¾ 800

óg¾ 1500

óg¾ 5000

óg¾ 10000

ysá werUqu i|yd úOdk folla mj;S'

1' ierfika

2' hd ^ix×jla fyda fjä y~&

5'1 rEmh - ysá werUqu

by; 5'1 rEmfha wdldrhg ysá werUqu i|yd Tn iQÞkï úh hq;= h'

ierfika úOdkfha §(

• bÈß mdofha m;=, wdrïNl f¾Ldjg wdikakj ;nhs'

• wksla mdofha m;=," bosrs mdofha isg Wrysia m<,g iudk m%udKhla

msgqmiska ;nhs'

• isref¾ nr bÈß mdohg fhduq lrhs'

• bÈß mdohg úreoaO me;af;a w; bÈßhg;a" wks;a w; msgqmig;a jk

f,i ;nd .; hq;=hs'

hd úOdkfha §(

• msgq miska ;enQ mdoh bÈßhg f.k Odjkfha fhfohs'

• bÈßh keó ;snQ l| fldgi by<g tifõ'


l=ÿ werUqu ^crouch start&

flá ÿr Odjkh i|yd fhdÞ .kafka l=ÿ werUquhs'

tkï óg¾ 400 iy Bg jvd wvq Odjk biõ i|yd fuu werUqï l%uh

fhdÞ .ekSu wksjd¾h fõ'

WÞ( óg¾ 100

óg¾ 200

óg¾ 400

óg¾ 100 x 4 iyh Èùu

óg¾ 400 x 4 iyh Èùu

óg¾ 100 lvq¨ u;ska Èùu



l=ÿ werUqu i|yd úOdk ;=kla fhdÞ .kS'

1' ierfika

2' fjka

3' hd ^ix×jla fyda fjä y~&

l=ÿ wdrïNfha § l%Svlhkaf.a Wi wkqj mdo ;nd .kakd wdldrh fjkia

fõ' tA wkqj flá werUqu" ueÈ werUqu yd È.= werUqu jYfhka fldgia

;=klg fnfoa' ueÈ werUqfï § mdo ;nd .kakd wdldrh my; ±la fõ'

fuu werUqu tla oKysilska jdä ù isáñka wdrïN lrhs'

ueÈ werUqfï tla tla wjia:d my; wdldrhg isÿ l< hq;= h'

ierfika úOdkfha §;• bÈß mdoh f,i yqre mdoh ;eìh hq;= h'

• miq mdofha oKysi bÈß mdofha jlh wi,

isg wÕ,a 3-4 la wE;a fldg ;eìh hq;= h'

• oE;a wdrïNl f¾Ldj wdikakfha" Wrysia

mr;rhg jvd uola jeä jk fia ;eìh

hq;= h'

• oE;aj, weÕs,s wdrelal=jl yevhg ;nd

.; hq;= h'

5'3 rEmh

5'2 rEmh - l=ÿ werUqu


51

fjka úOdkfha §(

• oKysia fol u by<g ti fõ'

• Wrysia uÜgug jvd Wl=, m%foaYh by<ska

msysghs'

• wdrïNl f¾Ldfjka uola bÈßhg Wrysi

;,a¨ fõ'

• YÍrfha nr oE;a u; r|d mj;S'

hd úOdkfha §(

• fjä y`v ^hd úOdkh& iu. fom;=,a

fmdf<djg ;o lrñka bÈßhg ;,a¨ fõ'

• fmdf<dj iam¾Y ù we;s fo w;a fmdf<dfjka

bj;a fõ'

• flá mshjrla ;nñka" miq mdoh bÈßhg

wdrïNl f¾Ldjg bÈßfhka ;nhs'

• Bg úreoaO me;af;a w; bÈßhg meñfKa'

• bÈßhg ;,a¨ ùu;a iu. Wl=,a fmfoi yd

oKysia È. yeÍ mj;S'

ueÈ werUqï l%ufha § hd wjia:dfõ fokq ,nk ix×jg laI‚lj ke.sg

Èùu isÿ l< hq;= h'

fuh fõ.j;aj isÿ lsÍu i|yd flá ÿr Odjlhka mqreÿ mqyqKq úh hq;= h'

l=ÿ werUqfï § ix×jg laI‚lj bÈßhg Èùfï" fõ.h j¾Okh i|yd l< yels l%shdldrï

1' mdo fol bÈßhg isák fia b|f.k isákak'

úOdkh ÿka úg laI‚lj ke.sg óg¾ 10la muK ÿjkak'

5'4 rEmh

5'5 rEmh

5'6 rEmh


2' Wvql=rej je;sr isákak'

úOdkhg laI‚lj ke.sg óg¾ 10la muK bÈßhg ÿjkak'

5'7 rEmh

3' mdo we`.s,s" oKysia yd w;aj, w,a, iïmQ¾Kfhka ìu ;nd f.k

isákak'

úOdkhg laI‚lj ke.sg óg¾ 10la muK bÈßhg ÿjkak'

5'8 rEmh


53

l%shdldrlu

ysá wdrïNh yd ueÈ wdrïNh úOdk wkqj ksjerÈj lr

fmkajkak'

idrdxYh

Odjk biõj, jeo.;a wx.hla jk wdrïNh m%Odk l%u follska isÿ

lrhs' tkï ysá werUqu yd l=ÿ werUqu jYfhks'

ysá werUqu iòyd úOdk folla ,nd fok w;r óg¾ 400g jvd jeä

biõ iòyd fuu l%uh fhdÞ .kS'

l=ÿ werUqu iòyd úOdk ;=kla ,nd fok w;r óg¾ 400 we;=¿ Bg wvq

biõ iòyd fuu l%uh fhdÞ .kS'

l=ÿ werUqu flá" ueÈ yd È.= werUqu jYfhka wdldr ;=klska hqla; fõ'

tA w;ßka jeä jYfhka Ndú; jkafka ueÈ werUquhs'

wNHdi 1' .e<fmk jpkh f;dard ysia;eka mqrjkak'

^ysá werUqu$ óg¾ 1500$ fjka$ folls$ ;=kls&

i. ueÈ ÿr yd È.= ÿr biõ ioyd '''''''''''''''''''''' Ndú; flf¾'

ii. ysá wdrïNfha ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' úOdkh fokq fkd,efí'

iii. ysá werUqfuka ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' biõj wdrïN flf¾'

iv. ysá werUqfï úOdk '''''''''''''''''''''' ls'

v. l=ÿ werUqfuys wdldr '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ls'

2' l=ÿ werUqfï ueÈ werUqu .kakd wdldrh lr fmkajkak'

3' l=ÿ wdrïNfha m%;sl%shd fõ.h j¾Okh i|yd l< yels Tn okakd

l%shdldrlula lr fmkajkak'


6 fi!LHj;a mdi,a mßirhla

f.dv k.uq

ojfia jeä ld,hla mjqf,a idudðlhka iu. .; lrk Tn" B<Õg jeä

ld,hla f.jkafka mdi, ;=<hs' Y%S ,xldfõ ck fldgiska mfyka tlla

muK wOHdmkh ,nk msßig we;=<;a fõ' mdi,a wOHdmkh u.ska

Tnf.a p¾hd yev.eiaùu l=vd wjêfha isg u wdrïN lr b;d id¾:lj

bÈßhg f.k hd yels h' iudch fj; hym;a m‚jqv f.k hdug o

mdi, f;da;ekakla lr .; yels h' wOHdmkh uÕska Tfí;a" mjqf,a;a"

iudcfha;a fi!LH ;;ajh jeä ÈhqKq lsÍug mdi,a isiqka f,i Tng o

Þhl ùug yels h'

y; fY%a‚fha § Tn mjqf,a fi!LH m%j¾Okh iy fi!LHj;a mjq,a

mßirhl ;sìh hq;= wx. yÞrd we;'

mdi,a fi!LH m%j¾Okh o" fi!LH m%j¾Ok Wmdh ud¾. o y÷kd .ksñka

fi!LH m%j¾Ok mdi,la ye§ug o Þhl jk wdldrh jgyd .ksuq'

fi!LH m%j¾Ok mdi,la y÷kd .ksuq

wlald (- kx.S" wfma w¨;a m%skaism,a i¾" wdjg miafia wfma biafldaf,a

yß ,iaikhs fkao@

kx.S (- Tõ wlafla" yßu ,iaikhs" ta jf.a u msßisÿ hs' tl mdrg u

tfyu jqfKa fldfydu o@

wlald (- wms yeu fokd u tl;=fj,dfka jev igyka yeÿfõ" tA

lshkafka YsIH kdhlhka" .=reuKav,h ms%kaism,a i¾ tfyu"

ieu fokdf. u iyfhda.h .;a; ksid fï jev ms<sfj< id¾:l


55

WKd' ±ka Tlafldu,d Wfoa 7'00 fjkfldg mdi,g tkjd'

WKqlr,d ksjd .;a; j;=r fnda;,hhs" lEu fmÜáhhs

wksjd¾fhka u f.akjd'

kx.S (- Tõ wlafla" wr mka;s uÜgfuka lrk Y%uÞk jevigykg

fouõmsfhd;a fyd|ska iyNd.S fjkjd'

wlald (- jdr wjidkfha ;sfhk úúO m%ix.hg" l%Svdj,g tA jf.a u

wfma olaI;dj,g uq,a ;ek fokak i¾f.a uQ,sl;ajfhka tl

tl jevigyka ilia lr,d' wfma biafldaf,a yß u ms<sfj<g

jev lrk ksid zzM, imsß mdi,a ZZ;r.fhkq;a Èk,d¨' fvx.=

u¾ok jev igykskq;a Èia;%slalfha m<fjks ;ek ,eì,d'

kx.S (- tAl ;ud wlafla" wms;a wfma .=re uKav,h;a yß u ikaf;daIfhka

fï jevigykaj,g iyfhda.h fokjd' ug kï tA yskaÞ oji

f.fjkjdj;a ±fkkafk keye biafldaf,a .shd u'

wlald (- Tõ kx.s" ug;a tfyuhs' wms;a lemfj,d biafldaf,a ÈhqKqjg

jev lruq'

fï fiakd.u úoHd,fha ifydaoßhka fofofkl= w;r we;s jQ fonils'

mdif,a isÿ jk ld¾hhka /ila ms<sn| wmg by;ska ±lajQ Tjqka

fofokdf.a foniska fy<sorõ fõ'

6'1 rEmh - fi!LH m%j¾ê; mdi,a


mdi,a orejka" mdi,a ld¾h uKav,h we;=¿ mdi,a m%cdfõ fi!LH

m%j¾Okh i|yd mQ¾K ixúOdk Yla;sh fhdojd l%shd lrk mdi,la

fi!LH m%j¾Ok mdi,la f,i ye¢ka fõ'

fi!LH m%j¾Okh

y; fY%A‚fha § Tn fi!LH m%j¾Okh hkafkys woyi bf.k .;a nj

u;l o@

fi!LH m%j¾Okh hkq fi!LHhg n,mdk idOl ;u md,khg .ekSu

u.ska ;udf.a fi!LH ;;ajh ÈhqKq lr .ekSug mqoa.,hkag yelshdj

,nd §fï l%shdj,shls'

mdi,a fi!LH m%j¾Okh

mdi,a fi!LH m%j¾Okh u.ska isÿ flfrkafka mdi,a <uqka jYfhka

mdif,a yd iuia; iudcfha u fi!LH ;;ajhg n,mdk idOl md,kh

lr .ekSug yd jeä ÈhqKq lr .ekSug yels wfhl= f,i Tn Yla;su;a

lrùuhs'

mdi,a fi!LH m%j¾Ok lñgqj" YsIH fi!LH iudc uÕska mdi,a isiqka

jk Tnf.a o Þhl;ajh fï i|yd ,nd Èh yels hs' fï uÕska iunr

fm!reIhlska hq;= fi!LHj;a mqoa.,hka ùug Tng wjia:dj ie,fia'

fi!LHj;a mdi,a mßirhl ;sìh hq;= wx.

Tfí mdif,a mßirh" mdif,a fN!;sl mßirh udkisl yd iudÔh

mßirh f,i fldgiaj,g fnÞ ±laúh yels h'


57

mdif,a fN!;sl mßirh

mka;s ldur" mdi,a f.dvke.s,s" mdi,a f.j;a;" l%Svd msáh" mdi,a wdmk

Yd,dj" c, iemhSï" wdÈh mdif,a fN!;sl mßirhg wh;a fõ'

hym;a fN!;sl mdi,a mßirhl mej;sh hq;= wx. lsysmhla my; ±la fõ'

• msßisÿ jd;h

• msßisÿ N+ñh

• is;a .kakd iq¨ nj

• mka;s ldur mú;%;dj

• m%udKj;a iy msßisÿ jeisls<ss" leisls<s myiqlï

• msßisÿ" îug iqÿiq c, myiqlï

• m%udKj;a l%Svd myiqlï

• fi!LHj;a wdmk Yd,dj

• mdi,a ;=< § Tnf.a iqrlaIs; nj

msßisÿ jd;h

mdi,l f.dvke.s,s tAjd w;r iqÿiq mr;rh mj;sk f,i bÈ lsÍu

msßisÿ jd;h ,nd .ekSug rel=,la fõ' wjg mßirfha .ia fld<ka iqÿiq

mßÈ jeùu" mka;s ldur" úoHd.dr" mqia;ld," ix.S; yd k¾;k Yd,d

wdÈfha we;s fÞr cfk,a újD; lr ;eîu" jd ljq¿ wdjrKh fkdlsÍu

uÕska Tng msßisÿ jd;h ,nd .; yels fõ'

6'2 rEmh - msßisÿ jd;h ,efnk fia mx;s ldurh ieliSu


msßisÿ N+ñh

mdi,a ñÿ, yd f.j;a; msßisÿ lsÍu i`oyd Tng fY%a‚ jYfhka ñÿ,

yd f.j;a; fnÞ fjka lr .; yels h' YsIH kdhl kdhsldjkag msßisÿ

lsÍï fidhd ne,Su l< yels h' mdi,g wdfõ‚l li, neyer lsÍfï

úêu;a l%u mej;Su fi!LH m%j¾Ol mdi,l ,laIKhls' Èrk" fkdÈrk

øjH neyer lsÍug n÷ka fjka fjkaj ;nd tAjdhska Èrk øjH ldnksl

fmdfydr iE§ug fhdÞ .; yels h' tu fmdfydr Ndú; lr m,;=re"

u,a yd T!IO Whka j.d l< yels h' tAjd l%uj;aj mj;ajd f.k hdu

o Tng isiq lKavdhï jYfhka fnÞ fjka lr f.k iyfhda.fhka isÿ

l< yels h' ldkq moaO;sh msßisÿj ;nd .ekSu;a" mdi,a ìfuys ;ek

;ek c,h /f`ok ia:dk we;akï tAjd bj;a lsÍu;a jeo.;a fõ' fï

l%shdldrlï i|yd fi!LH m%j¾Ok lñgqfõ iy mßir lñgqj, iydh

,nd .; yels h'

6'3 rEmh- - úúO j.djka l%uj;aj mj;ajdf.k hdu

is;a .kakd iq¨ nj

mdi,a j;a; is;a .kakd wdldrhg ie,iqï l< hq;= h' msúiqu" T!IO

Whk" fmdl=Kq" u,a j.dj" mdif,a ia:dk kdulrKh" wdÈh ie,iqï

iy.; wdldrhg lsÍu u.ska mdi, is;a .kakd iq¨ jkq we;'


59

6'4 rEmh - mdi,a mßirh is;a .kakd iq¨ f,i ieliSu

mka;s ldur mú;%;dj

Tfí mka;s ldur msßisÿ lsÍfï ffoksl l%ufõohla ksjerÈj l%shd;aul

lsÍfuka Tng fï i|yd iydh úh yels h' .=re fïih" .=re mqgqj" l¨

,E,a," Tnf.a fviala" mqgq wdÈh o l%uj;a j yd ms<sfj<g ;nd .ekSu"

bj;,k øjH ±óu i|yd li< n÷kla ;nd .ekSu" bo," fldiai" wdÈh

ksis ;ekaj, ;eîu mka;s ldurfha w,xldrhg rel=,la jkq we;'

6'5 rEmh - mka;s ldur mú;%j ;nd .ekSu


m%udKj;a iy msßisÿ jeisls<s leisls<s myiqlï

Tfí mdif,a YsIH ixLHdj wkqj m%udKj;a jeisls<s" leisls<s" myiqlï

;sìh hq;= fõ' fuys § .=re uKav,h" .eyeKq yd msßñ jYfhka fuka u

wndê; wh i|yd o iqÿiq f,i;a" m%udKj;a f,i;a fuu myiqlï

mej;sh hq;= h' fuys msßisÿ" m%udKj;a c,h" fm!oa.,sl;ajh wdrlaId

ùu" wmú;% foa neyer lsÍfï myiqj we;a±hs fidhd ne,Sug;a" tAjd ilia

lsÍug;a Tng o Þhl úh yels h' jeisls<s msrsisÿj kv;a;= lsÍu Tnf.a

j.lSula fõ'

msßisÿ" îug iqÿiq c, myiqlï

Tng mdif,a § îug" w;a fia§ug iy jeisls<s i|yd c,h wjYH fõ'

<sx" jeõ" we<" fÞ< wdÈfhka ,nd .kakd c,fha .=Kd;aul nj uyck

fi!LH mÍlaIl u.ska mÍlaId lrjd f.k we;a±hs Ndú;hg fmr iel

yer ±k .kak'

6'6 rEmh - msßisÿ c, myiqlï iemhSu

m%udKj;a l%Svd myiqlï

fi!LH m%j¾Ok mdi,l fN!;sl mßirfha jeo.;a wx.hla f,i l%%Svd

msáh ie,lsh yels h' msáh wjg fijK ,nd fok .ia isgqùfuka

w,xldrh fuka u isis,i o ,efí' ;jo Tnf.a l=i,;d kexùug ,nd

§ we;s l%Svd WmlrK wdrlaId lsÍu" l%Svd mqyqKqj i|yd fjka lr we;s


61

fõ,dfjka Wmßu m%fhdack .ekSu iy l%Svd msáh wk;=re rys; jk

f,i ilia lr .ekSu Tng l< yels foa fõ'

6'7 rEmh - l%Svd myiqlï iemhSu

fi!LHj;a wdmk Yd,dj

fi!LH m%j¾Okhg uq,a ;ekla fok mdi,l b;d u jeo.;a wx.hla

f,i wdmk Yd,dj ±laúh yels h'

tfuka u w;a fia§u yd îug msßisÿ c, myiqlï iemhSu" bj;,k øjH

nyd,Su i|yd n÷ka ;eîu" msßisÿlu by< uÜgul ;sîu fi!LHj;a

wdmk Yd,djl uQq,sl wx. w;r fõ' .=Kd;aul núka hq;= weg j¾."

OdkH" w," n;, hkdÈh yd f;,a" ¨Kq" iSks wvq wdydr msßisÿj iemhsh

hq;= hs' ksis fmdaIKhg fhduq ùug wdmk Yd,dj Tng fhdÞ .; yels h'

ksire wdydr ̂ Junk food& yd laI‚l wdydr ̂ Fast food& wdmk Yd,dfjka

bj;a lsÍfï n,h fi!LH iudchg mejßh yels h' mdi,a wdmk Yd,d

pl% f,aLh yd tys Wmfoia ud,dj ms<smÈñka wdydr ,nd §u l< hq;= fõ'

fï i|yd b,a,Ssï lsÍug isiq Tng o whs;shla we;'

mdi, ;=< § Tnf.a iqrlaIs; nj

Tnf.a iqrlaIs; nj ;yjqre ùu fi!LH m%j¾Ok mdi,l ;j;a jeo.;a

wx.hls' mdi, bÈßmsg ud¾. wk;=re wju lsÍug ßh kshduljreka


f,i mqyqKq ùug Tng wjia:dj ,nd .; yels h' ksjerÈ ud¾. kS;s

wkq.ukh lsÍug Tn o Tn mdif,a wka wh o fhduq ùu ;=<ska wk;=re

wju lr .; yels fõ'

nEjqïj,g fyda w.dO iys; ia:dkj, jegj,a iE§u fuka u tu ia:dkj,

j.djka fh§u o Tng tl;= ù l< yels h'

;j o fvx.= uÿrejka fndajk ia:dk we;a±hs ;u mka;s ldurh wjg

mÍlaId lr ne,Sfuka yd mdi, wjg msßisÿ f,i ;nd .ekSug wka wh

fm,Uùfuka fvx.= jeks frda.j,ska iqrlaIs; mdi,a mßihla ks¾udKh

l< yels h'

tfia u wmpdr" wmfhdackj,g fya;= fkdjk wdrlaIs; njla Tfí

mdi, ;=< mj;S±hs úuis,su;a úh hq;= h' tjka iel iys; wkdrlaIs;

yeÕSula hï ia:dkhl § Tng ±kqfkd;a tA ms<sn| Tfí .=rejreka ±kqj;a

l< yels h'

6'8 rEmh - mdi, ;=< iqrlaIs; ùu

fufia mdif,a § Tnf.a yd wkHhkaf.a wdrlaIdj i|yd Tng úYd,

Þhl;ajhla iemhsh yels h' ks;r úuis,su;aj wjOdkfhka miq ùu"

wka whg tAjdfha wd§kj mjid mßiaiï úh hq;= nj wjOdrKh lsÍu

u.ska mdi, wdrlaIs; ia:dkhla njg m;a lr .ekSug Tn ks;r Wkkaÿ

úh hq;= h'


63

udkisl yd iudÔh mßirh

hym;a udkisl yd iudÔh mßirhla f,i ie,flkafka Tn jgd isák

mqoa.,hka iu. hym;a iïnkaO;d mj;ajd .ksñka i;=áka isáh yels

mßirhls' tjeks mßirhla mdi, ;=< f.dv ke.Sug kï" ;u yelshdjka

y÷kd .ekSu" wNsfhda.j,g id¾:lj uqyqK §u" M,ÞhS ikaksfõokh"

iylïmkh jeks ksmqK;d Tn ;=< ;sîu jeo.;a fõ'

udkisl yd iudÔh hym;a mdi,a mßirhl meje;sh hq;= wx. lsysmhla

my; ±la fõ'

1' iqrlaIs; nj - ysxikh" wmfhdack" rKavq onr wdÈfhka f;dr ùu

2' WmfoaYk myiqlï

3' ish,a,kag u tl fia ie,lSu

4' lKavdhï l%shdldrlï i|yd wjia:d

5' w.h lsÍu

iqrlaIs; nj

mdif,a fN!;sl mßirh hgf;a iqrlaIs; nj Tn bf.k .kakg we;'

Bg wu;rj udkislj;a" iudÔhj;a" iqrlaIs; njla mdi, ;=<ska ,eìh

hq;= h' mdi,g msúiSfuka miq <ud wmfhdack wmpdrj,g ,la fkdù

Tnj wdrlaId lsÍug Tfí .=rejreka we;=¿ mdi,a m%cdj fidaÈisfhka

yd úuis,af,ka lghq;= lrhs' fouõmshkaf.ka" Ndrlrejkaf.ka

f.or § ,efnk wdorh" lreKdj" wdrlaIdjg iudk whqfrka mdif,a §

úÿy,am;sf.ka yd .=re uKav,fhka tu wdorh iqrlaIs; nj ,efnk

nj Tng jegfykjd we;' wdorh iy /ljrKh ,nd .ekSug Tn

o úkh .relj yd kS;s .relj mdi, ;=< yeisÍug j. n,d .;

hq;= h' .=rejrekaf.ka fyda wksl=;a isiqkaf.ka lsisÿ ysxikhlg ,la

fkdùug;a Tng whs;shla we;=jd fuka u Tn o wka whg ysxikhla isÿ

fkdlsÍug wÈgka lr .; hq;= h'


6'9 rEmh - .=rejrekaf.ka iqrlaIs; nj ,eîu

WmfoaYk myiqlï

Tng tÈfkÞ Ôú;fha § úúO wNsfhda. wjia:dj,g uqyqK §ug isÿ jkq we;'

WÞyrK f,i mdvï u;l ;nd .ekSu" úNd.j,g iqÞkï ùu" lS%vd

;r. i|yd bÈßm;a ùu" ysxidj,g ,la ùu" ñ;=rka wysñ ùu" wdÈh

±laúh yels h' túg tA ms<sn| l;d lsÍug Tn mdif,a wksjd¾hfhka

;sìh hq;= wx.hla jkafka WmfoaYk fiajhhs' fï fiajdfõ úYajdijka;

nj /lSu" ms<s.ekSu ;sìh hq;= w;r wjYH ́ kE u fõ,djl fiajdj ,nd

.ekSfï yelshdj ;sîu o w;HjYH fõ'

Tng o ´kE u .eg¨jla we;s jQ úgl fyda hy¿fjl=g .eg¨jla we;s jQ

úgl Tfí mdif,a isák WmfoaYk .=rejrhdg fyda fjk;a .=rejrhl=g

th mjid .eg¨j úi|d .ekSug fhduqjkak'

l%shdldrlu

Tfí mdif,a WmfoaYk fiajd .=re;=ud fyda .=r;=ñh uqK .eiS

úNd.hg mdvï lsÍug lïue,s ùu jeks .eg¨jla idlÉPd

lrkak

ish,a,kag u tl fia ie,lSu

fi!LH m%j¾Ok mdi,l iqúfYaIS ,laIKhla jkafka mdi,g msúfik

iEu orefjl= u úÿy,am;s yd .=re uKav,hg iqúfYaIS ùu hs' ´kE u


65

;rd;srul orefjl= mdif,a YsIHfhl= f,i ie,lSug fi!LH m%j¾Ok

mdi,a ks;r u iqÞkï h'

Tn o Tfí mdif,a ish¨ fokdg u tl fia ie,lSug mqreÿ úh hq;= hs'

Tfí mdif,a ifydaor ifydaoßhka" .=re uKav,h" iq¿ fiajl msßia wd§

iEu fokdg u f.!rj lrkak" wdorh lrkak'

lKavdhï l%shdldrlï

lKavdhï f,i l%shdldrlïj, fh§u u.ska Tnf.a úúO l=i,;d

j¾Okh lr .; yels h' tfuka u tlsfkld y÷kd .ekSug" wka whf.a

woyiaj,g weyqïlka §ug" tAjdg .re lsÍug yd woyia m%ldY lsÍug

wjia:dj ,efí' is;=ï" me;=ï" woyia" .=Kdx." yeisÍï w;ska tlsfkldg

fjkia jQ mqoa.,hkaf.a úúO;d y÷kd .ekSug fuu lKavdhï

l%shdldrlï m%fhdackj;a fõ' tfia u kdhl;ajh ±Íug;a kdhl;ajhg

.re lrñka wkq.dñl;ajhg yqre ùug;a Tng wjia:dj ,efí'

fï ksid Tn yeu úg u lKavdhï l%shdldrlï i|yd Þhl;ajh ,nd

fokak'

6'10 rEmh - lKavdhï l%shdldrlïj, fh§u


w.h lsÍu

Tn ish¨ fokd ;=< u úúO l=i,;d mj;S' m<uq mdvfï § Tn bf.k

.;a wd;audNsudkhg fya;= jk úúO .=Kdx. yd olaI;d u;la lr .kak'

isiqkaf.a úfYaI l=i,;d y÷kd .ekSug lÓl" l%Svd" kegqï" ix.sS; wd§

úúO wxYj,ska bÈßm;a ùug yd olaI;d t<s ±laùug mdi, ;=< Tng

úúO wjia:d we;' Woh /iaùu" ;Hd. m%Þfkda;aijh" úúO m%ix." l%Svd

W;aij" idys;H ;r. wdÈh WÞyrK lsysmhla fõ'

;Hd." iy;slm;a" ch iïudk wdÈfhka úfYaI olaI;d w.h lsÍu o

isÿ flf¾' fuys § Tn l=uk fyda wxYhlska we;s yelshdjla Tma kxjd

.ekSug .=rejreka iu. tla ù ffO¾hj;aj lem úh hq;= fõ'

tfia u Tn o wka whf.a olaI;d" fyd| .=Kdx. w.hkak' tajd Tnf.a

Ôú;hg o wdfoaY lr .kak' hï Woõjla ,enqKq úg ia;=;sh m< lrkak"

fmr<d wjYH úg § Woõ lrkak'

l%shdldrlu

Tfí mdif,a udkisl yd iudÔh mßirh hym;a lsÍu i|yd Èh;a lr

we;s jev igyka ,ehsia;=jla ilia lrkak' óg wu;rj l%shd;aul

l< yels jev igyka fhdackd lrkak'

mdi,a fi!LH m%j¾Okhg .; hq;= l%shd ud¾.

wm by; bf.k .;a mdif,a fN!;sl" udkisl yd iudÔh mßirh hym;a

lr .ksñka mdif,a fi!LH m%j¾Okh i|yd wmg úúO l%shdud¾. .;

yels h' y; fY%a‚fha § mjqf,a fi!LH m%j¾Okhg l%shd ud¾. .ekSu

m%Odk f;aud myla Tiafia isÿ l< whqre u;lhg k.d .kak' tu f;aud

my Tiafia mdi,g .e<fmk f,i fhdok Wmdh ud¾. u.ska mdi,a

fi!LH m%j¾Okh o isÿ l< yels h'


67

fi!LH m%j¾Okfha f;aud

1' fi!LHj;a m%;sm;a;s ilia lsÍu

2' mqoa., ksmqK;d iy ±kqu ixj¾Okh

3' fi!LHhg ys;lr mßirhla we;s lsÍu

4' m%cd odhl;ajh ,nd .ekSu

5' fi!LH fiajd m%;sixúOdkh lsÍu yd tAjdhska Wmßu m%fhdack ,nd

.ekSu

fi!LHh ms<sn| ±kqu ,nd §fuka muKla wmf.a fi!LH ;;ajh jeä

ÈhqKq l< fkdyels neúka th id¾:lj isÿ lsÍug by; f;aud y÷kajd

fok ,§' wms WÞyrKhla f,i fi!LHj;a wdydr ,nd .ekSug fhduq

lsÍu fuu f;aud Tiafia isÿ lrkafka flfia±hs n,uq'

1' fmdaIHÞhS wdydr muKla mdi,g f.k tafï m%;sm;a;shla we;s lr

.ekSu'

2' ;u fmdaIK ;;ajh ks¾Kh lr .ekSug iy fmdaIK uÜgug

.e<fmk fmdaIHodhS wdydr y÷kd .ekSug ksmqK;d we;s lrùu'

3' fmdaIHÞhS wdydr we;s wdmk Yd,djla msysgqùu

4' mdi, wjg m%cdj úiska fmdaIHÞhS wdydr muKla úl=Kkq ,eîug

iydh ùu'

5' fi!LH ffjoH ks,OdÍ ld¾hd,h fj;ska fmdaIK uÜgu ks¾Kh

lrjd .ekSu iy fmdaIK .eg¨ y÷kd .ekSu'

mdi,a mßirh fi!LHhg ys;lr f,i ieliSug tu f;aud fhdÞ .kakd

wdldrh wms ±ka úuid n,uq'

1' fi!LHj;a m%;sm;a;s ilia lsÍu

fuys § m%;sm;a;s f,i y÷kajkafka kS;sfhka fyda ish¨ fokdf.a

tlÕ;dfjka we;s lr f.k l%shd;aul lrjk foa h'

wmg mdi,g .e<fmk mdi,a fi!LH m%j¾Ok m%;sm;a;s rdYshla

f.dvk.d l%shd;aul l< yels h' mdi,a isiqka jYfhka fuu m%;sm;a;s

ieliSug yd tAjd l%shd;aul lsÍug Tng úYd, j.lSula mejÍ we;'


mdi,a fi!LH m%j¾Ok m%;sm;a;s lSmhla my; ±la fõ'

• l=Kq li, l%uj;aj fjka

lr n÷ka .; lsÍu

WÞ( fmd,s;Ska yd

fkdÈrk øjH

Èrk øjH

ùÿre

lvÞis

• l%uj;a msßisÿ wdmk

Yd,djla mj;ajd .ekSu

• msßisÿ mdkSh c, iemhqula

Ndú; lsÍu

• ffjoH idhk meje;aùu

• fmd,s;ska mdi,g f.k

tafuka je<lSu

• fi!LHj;a wdydr

muKla mdi,g f.k

tAu

• lD;%su mdk j¾.

^ldnkSlD; îu iy meKs

îu& .ekSfuka je<lSu

fï f,ig Tng ys;lr jk mßÈ m%;sm;a;s ilid tAjd ksis f,i

l%shd;aul lsÍu yd tAjdg wkq.; ùu mdi,a isiqka jk Tng mejfrk

j.lSula yd hq;=lula fõ'

fujeks m%;sm;a;s we;s lsÍug YsIH fi!LH iudc iy fi!LH m%j¾Ok

lñgqj u.ska Tng o ueÈy;a úh yelsh'

6'11 rEmh - li, n÷ka l%uj;aj ieliSu

6'12 rEmh - mdi,a fi!LH idhkh


69

l%shdldrlu

fofokd ne.ska tla ù by;ska ±la jq m%;sm;a;sj,g wu;rj Tfí

mdi,g .e<fmk ;j;a m%;sm;a;s lsysmhla ilia lrkak' tA w;ßka

f;dard .;a m%;sm;a;s lsysmhla wka whf.a ±k .ekSu i|yd m%o¾Ykh

lrkak'

2' mqoa., ksmqK;d iy ±kqu ixj¾Okh

Tn i;= úúO ksmqK;d j¾Okh lr .ekSu u.ska mdi,a fi!LH

m%j¾Okfha M,Þhs;dj by< kxjd .; yels h'

tA i|yd jeo.;a jk Tn ;=< ;sìh hq;= ksmqK;d fudkjd o@ 6 fY%A‚fha

§ Tn bf.k .;a Ôjk ksmqK;d fï i|yd fhdÞ .; yels h '

1' wd;audjfndaOh iy wd;audNsudkh

^Self -understanding and - esteem)2' ksjerÈ ;SrK .ekSu

^Decision making)3' .eg¨ úi£u ^Problem solving)4' wd;;shg id¾:lj uqyqK §u

^Coping with stress)5' úpdrYS,S Ñka;kh

^Critical thinking)6' ks¾udKYS,S Ñka;kh

^Creative thinking)7' Ñ;a;fõ. iu;=,s;;dj

^Emotional balance)8' hym;a wka;¾mqoa., in|;d

^Good interpersonal relationship)9' M,Þhs ikaksfõokh

^Productive communication)10' iylïmkh

^Empathy)

6'13 rEmh - ks¾udKYS,S Ñka;kh


Bg wu;rj kdhl;aj yelshdj" wkq.dñl;ajh" lKavdhï yeÕSu wdÈh

o Tn ;=< j¾Okh lr .; yels l=i,;d fõ'

fi!LHh ms<sn| ±kqu fmd; m; u.ska o" .=reNj;=ka u.ska o" úúO

fi!LH jevigyka u.ska o Tng ,nd .; yels h'

tfia ,nd .kakd ±kqu yd Tfí ksmqK;d tla fldg mdif,a fi!LH

m%j¾Okhg Þhl úh yels h'

l%shdldrlu

ish¨ fokd tla ù mdi,a j;a; is;a .kakd iq¨ f,i ieliSug lghq;=

ixúOdkh lrk wdldrh" f,aLkhlska ilia lr" tu l%shdj wdrïN

lrkak'

3' fi!LHhg ys;lr mßirhla we;s lsÍu

Tn by; bf.k .;a fN!;sl" udkisl yd iudÔh mßirh Tnf.a

fi!LHh flfrys buy;a n,mEula we;s lrhs' mdi,a mßirfhka Tn

,nk w;a±lSï ±kqu iy fmdaIKh Tfí Ôú;fha meyeÈ,s fjkila we;s

lsÍug bjy,a fõ' tu ksid YsIH Tnf.a ldhsl" udkisl yd iudÔh

fi!LHhg ys;lr jk whqßka mdi,a mßirh mj;ajd .eksu wjYH fõ'

mdi,a mßirh mdi,a YsIHhdg" .=rejrhdg yd ieug ms%hckl ia:dkhla

úh hq;=hs'

fuys § mdi,a fi!LH m%j¾Okhg Þhl ùu i|yd mdif,a fN!;sl

mßirh yd ufkda iudÔh mßirh Tn by; bf.k .;a mßÈ ys;lr

f,i ilid .; hq;= fõ'

4' m%cd Þhl;ajh ,nd .ekSu

mdif,a fN!;sl" udkisl yd iudÔh mrsirh ys;lrj ilid .ekSug"

m%cd Þhl;ajh ,nd .; hq;= h' mdi, yd iïnkaO m%cdj jkafka

fouõmshka" wi,ajeishka" wdÈ YsIHhska" iqn m;kakka we;=¿ mdi,g

iïnkaO ish¨ u mqoa.,hka h'


71

fï issh¨ fokd iu. u hym;a iïnkaO;d f.dvk.d .ekSu jeo.;a fõ'

mdif,a jevlghq;= i|yd m%cdfõ iydh ,nd .ekSu;a" fmdÿ jev

lghq;=j, § m%cdjg iydh ùu;a fuys § isÿ l< yels h'

WÞ(

m%cdfjka mdi,g l< yels jevigyka

- fvx.= u¾okh i|yd Y%uÞkhla meje;aùu

- mdi, wjg u;a øjH úlsŒu je<elaùu

6'14 rEmh - Y%uodk meje;aùu

mdi,ska m%cdjg l< yels jevigyka

- foudmshka i|yd wlaIs idhkhla meje;aùu

- <ud wmfhdack" wmpdr je<elaùu ms<sn| m%cdj ±kqj;a lsÍu

l%shdldrlu

by; WÞyrK ie,ls,a,g f.k m%cd iyNd.s;ajh ,nd .ekSu i|yd

l< yels jev igyka j.=jl f.dkq lrkak'

m%cdfjka mdi,g l < yel s

jevigyka

mdif,ka m%cdjg l< yels

jevigyka


5' fi!LH fiajd m%;sixúOdkh yd tajdhska Wmßu m%fhdack ,nd .ekSu

mdif,a fi!LH m%j¾Okh i|yd fi!LH fiajd iqÿiq mßÈ ixúOdkh

lsÍu b;d jeo.;a fõ'

fi!LH fiajd hkq fudkjdo@

Tnf.a fi!LH ;;ajh /l .ekSug;a" by< kexùug;a Woõ jk mqoa.,hka

wdh;k iy jev igyka fi!LH fiajd hkqfjka ye¢kaúh yels h'

fi!LH m%j¾Ok mdi,g wjYH úúO jevigyka" wdh;k yd mqoa.,hka

ljq±hs wms fidhd n,uq'

mqoa.,hka

• fi!LH ffjoH ks,OdÍ

• uyck fi!LH mÍlaIl

• mjq,a fi!LH ks,OdßKsh

• lDIs ks,OdÍ

• mßir ks,OdÍ

• <ud wdrlaIl ks,OdÍ

wdh;k

• fi!LH ffjoH ks,Odß

ld¾hd,h

• frday,

• fmd,sish

• r;= l=rei ix.uh

• Ydka; fcdaka .s,ka r: ix.uh

• fi!LHÞk ix.uh

jev igyka

• mdi,a ffjoH mÍlaIdj

• mdi,a oka; Ñls;ail fiajh

• m%;sYla;slrK jevigyk

• mdi,a ikSmdrlaIl iólaIKh

• fndajk yd fn da fkdjk fr da. u ev,Sfï

jev igyk

Tnf.a YdÍßl wdndO" ÿ¾j,;d y÷kdf.k tAjdg m%;sldr lsÍu i|yd

fhduq lsÍu fuu fiajd u.ska isÿ fõ' fï fiajdjka ,nd .;a njg

;yjqre lsÍu i|yd Tng YsIH fi!LH igyka" yd m%;sYla;slrKh

ms<sn| jd¾;djla ,nd fokq we;'


73

fi!LH fiajdj,ska Tng ,efnk m%fhdack rdYshls' tA w;ßka lsysmhla

my; ±la fõ'

- fnda jk yd fnda fkdjk frda.j,ska je<lSug iydh §u

- ksis l,g m%;sYla;slrKh ,nd §u

- oka; fi!LHh wdrlaId lsÍu

- weia fmkSfï ÿ¾j,;d y÷kdf.k m%;sldr ,nd §u

- Wm;ska u yg .;a ldhsl ÿn,;d y`ÿkd .ekSu

- -fmdaIK ;;ajh y÷kd .ekSu

- fi!LH m‚jqv ,nd §u

- wdrlaIdj ms<sn| f;dr;=re ,nd §u

6'15 rEmh - m%;sYla;slrKh ,nd §u

l%shdldrlu

my; j.=j mqrjkak

wdh;kh ,enqK

fiajdj

msysá

ia:dkh

meñ‚

mqoa.,hd

fi!LH ffjoH ks,Odß ld¾hd,h

mdi,a oka; Ñls;aid.drh

fmd,sish

frday,

fjk;a


mdif,a fi!LH m%j¾Okh lsÍu i`oyd Tng l< yels foa

• fi!LH m%j¾Ok lñgq mx;s uÜgfuka msysgqjd .ekSu

• lñgq u.ska fi!LH m%j¾Ok l%shd ud¾. id¾:lj l%shd;aul lrùu

• mdif,a mj;sk kS;s Í;s yd m%;sm;a;s wdrlaId lsÍu

• fi!LH m%j¾Ok m%;sm;a;s i|yd kj fhdackd bÈßm;a lsÍu

• ÿïjeá u;aøjHj,ska je<lS YsIH ifydaor ifydaoßhkao bka uqojd

.ekSu yd wjYH wjia:dj, § úÿ,y,am;s yd .=re uKav,fha iydh

,nd .ekSu

• fi!LH m‚jqv ksji iy iudch fj; f.k hdu

l%shdldrlu

.=re;=udf.a Wojq we;sj" mdi,a fi!LH ks¾Kdhlj,g wkqj Tfí

mdi, w.hkak' tu w.h jeä lsÍug .; yels l%shd ud¾. olajkak'

idrdxYh

fi!LHhg n,mdk idOl ;u md,khg .ekSu u.ska ;udf.a fi!LH

;;ajh ÈhqKq lr .ekSug mqoa.,hkag yelshdj ,nd §fï l%shdj,sh

fi!LH m%j¾Okhhs'

fi!LHj;a iudchla f.dv k.d .ekSsu i|yd mdi,a fi!LH m%j¾Okh

jeo.;a fõ'

mdif,a fN!;sl mßirh o" udkisl yd iudÔh mßirh o fi!LHhg

ys;lr f,i ilid .; hq;= fõ'

fi!LHhg wÞ< m%;sm;a;s ieliSu" mqoa., ksmqK;d iy okqu ixj¾Okh

lsÍu" fi!LHhg ys;lr mßirhla we;s lsÍu" m%cd Þhl;ajh ,nd

.ekSu" fi!LH fiajd m%;sixúOdkh lsÍu yd tAjdhska Wmßu m%fhdack

,nd .ekSu hk f;aud my fi!LH m%j¾Okh i|yd fhdod .kS'

by; f;aud my Tiafia fi!LHj;a mdi,la m%j¾Okh lsÍu i|yd Tng

o Þhl úh yels h'


75

wNHdi 1' fi!LH m%j¾Ok mdi,la hkq l=ulao@

2' fi!LH m%j¾Okfha f;aud fudkjdo@

3' Tfí mdif,a l%shd;aul l< yels fi!LHj;a m%;sm;a;s lsysmhla

,shkak

4' fi!LH m%j¾Okh we;s lsÍug Tn f.dv k.d .; hq;= ksmqK;d

fudkjdo @

5' fi!LH m%j¾Ok mdi,la f.dv kexùu i|yd YsIHfhl= f,i Tng

bgq l< yels hq;=lï yd j.lSï ,shkak'


7 wkql%Svdj, fhfouq

l%Svdfõ u,, l%Svd" ixúOdkd;aul l%Svd" iq¿ l%Svd" wkql%Svd" úfkdao l%Svd

f,i j¾. lsysmhla mj;S' wkql%Svd hkq m%Odk l%Svdj, oCI;d j¾Okh

iòyd ks¾udKh lr .kakd l%Svd l%shdldrlï fõ' wkql%Svdj, fh§fuka

i;=g" úfkdaoh fkdwvqj ,efnk w;r ldhsl" udkisl yd iudÔh

fhda.H;d ixj¾Okh fõ' wkql%Svd wNsu;h mßÈ ks¾udKh lr .; yels

jqj;a" iq¿ l%Svdj,g jvd ixúOdkd;aul njla olakg ,efí'

mdif,a úfõl ld,h i;=áka" úfkdaofhka .; lsÍu iòyd iq¿ l%Svd

fhdod.; yels nj 6 fY%aKsfha § Tn ±kqj;a jQjd u;l o@ tfuka u 7

fY%a‚fha § Tn ck l%Svd yÞrñka iq,n ck l%Svdj, fhfokakg we;'

fuu mdvu yeoEÍfuka Tng wkql%Svdjkays wjYH;dj y÷kd .ekSug;a"

wkql%Svdj, úfYaI ,laIK yd wkql%Svdj, ksr; ùfuka fhda.H;d

j¾Okh jk wdldrh ms<sn| wjfndaOhla ,nd .ekSug;a" WmlrK rys;

yd WmlrK iys; wkql%Svdj, fhfoñka Tnf.a úfõl ld,h i;=áka

yd úfkdaofhka .; lsÍug;a yelshdj ,efnkq we;'

wkql%Svdj, wjYH;dj

m%Odk l%Svd iòyd wjYH oCI;d ;Dma;su;aj" fjfyilska f;drj ir,j

.%yKh lr .ekSug wkql%Svd Tng WmldÍ fõ' tu oCI;d fldgia

jYfhka" ksjerÈ Ys,amSh l%u wkqj fyd`Èka bf.k .ekSfuka l%Svdfõ

m%ùKfhl= njg m;a ùug yelshdj ,efí'

m%Odk l%Svd iòyd fuka u ffoksl l%shdldrlï iòyd o wjYH YdÍßl

fhda.H;dj wkql%Svdj, fh§fuka j¾Okh fõ'

udkisl yd iudÔh fhda.H;d o wkql%Svdj, kshe<Sfuka j¾Okh fõ'


77

wkql%Svdj, úfYAI ,CIK

• kS;s Í;s ir, h'

• WmlrK rys;j fyda iys;j l%shdldrlï isÿ l< yels h'

• mj;sk bv myiqlï wkqj l%shdldrlï ks¾udKh lr .; yels h'

• úfkdaoh iu. u ;r.ldÍ w;a±lSï ,efí'

• wNsu;h mßÈ l%Svd l%shdldrlï ks¾udKh lr .; yels fõ'

wkql%Svdj, ksr; ùfuka ldhsl" udkisl yd YdÍßl fhda.H;d j¾Okh jk wdldrh

iudÔh

• lKavdhï ye`.Su j¾Okh ùu

• iyfhda.fhka lghq;= lsÍug yels ùu

• j.lSï ±Ífï yelshdj ,eîu

• kdhl;ajh ±Ífï yelshdj ,eîu

• wka whf.a woyiaj,g .re lsÍug yels ùu

• wka;¾mqoa., iïnkaO;d j¾Okh ùu

• kS;s Í;sj,g wkqj lghq;= lsÍfï yelshdj ,eîu

• wka whf.a wdrlaIdj ms<sn| ie,ls,su;a ùu

ldhsl

• fjfyi ord .ekSfï yelshdj

,eîu

• m%Odk l%Svdj, Ys,amSh l%u

i|yd mqyqKqj ,eîu

• ffoksl l%shdldrlï i|yd

fhda.H;dj f.dv ke.Su

udkisl

• úfkdaoh yd i;=g ,eîu

• l%Svd i|yd Wkkaÿj we;s ùu

• l%Svd l%shdldrlï ks¾udKhg

fm,öu

• ch" mrdch ú`o ord .ekSfï

yelshdj ,eîu

• m%Odk l%Svdj,g uqyqK §u

i`oyd wjYH wd;au úYajdih

f.dv ke.Su

• iajhx úkh we;s ùu


we;eï wkql%Svd i|yd WmlrK wjYH fkdjk w;r we;eï wkql%Svd

i|yd WmlrK wjYH fõ'

tA wkqj wkql%Svd j¾. folg fnÈh yels h'

1' WmlrK rys; wkql%Svd

2' WmlrK iys; wkql%Svd

m%Odk l%Svd jeä m%udKhlg WmlrKhla fyda WmlrK lsysmhla

wjYH fõ' lsisÿ WmlrKhla Ndú; fkdlrk m%Odk l%Svd we;af;a iq¿

m%udKhls' tfia jqj;a wkql%Svd fndfyduhla WmlrK rys;j isÿ l<

yels tAjd h'

WmlrK rys; wkql%Svd

yeÍ Èùu

fuu wkql%Svdjg wÞ< m%Odk l%Svdj jkafka u,, l%Svdj, Odjk ;r.

fõ' fuys § Odjk wdrïNh fõ.j;aj isÿ lsÍfï yelshdj j¾Okh

flf¾'

7'1 rEmh

.=rejrhd

I lKavdhu

A B

II lKavdhu

Tng ,efnk ix`×jlg wkqj A f¾Ldj wi, isák isiqjd wdmiq yeÍ ÿj

f.dia B f¾Ldj wi, ;u lKavdhfï isiqjdf.a msgg ;Ügq lr" fma<sfha

miqmig hkak'

túg tu isiqjd wdmiq yeÍ A f¾Ldj fj; Èj f.dia t;ek isák

isiqjdg tfia ;Ügq lr fma<sfha miqmig tl;= jkak'


79

uq,ska u ish¨ fokd Èùu wjika l< lKavdhug ch.%yKh ysñ fõ'

kS;s Í;s

• Odjkfha fhfok isiqjd foi yeÍ ne,Su l< fkdyels h'

• msgg ;Ügq lsÍfuka miq muKla Odjkh wdrïN l< hq;= h'

• iSud f¾Ldjg we;=<; isg Odjkh wdrïN l< fkdyels h'

l%shdldrlu

.=re;=ud$ .=re;=ñhf.ka widf.k zßx.d ÈùuZ kï wkql%Svdfõ

fhfokak'

WmlrK iys; wkql%Svd

b,lalhg msßkeóu

fuhg wÞ< m%Odk l%Svdj fjd,sfnda,a fõ' fuu wkql%Svdj u.ska mkaÿj

msßkeófï olaI;dj j¾Okh fõ'

wjYH WmlrK ( fjd,sfnda, 2la

wä 6la muK Wi lKq folla

±,la fyda ,Kqjla

fï i|yd my; ±lafjk mßÈ fjd,sfnda,a l%Svd msáh fyda tA iudk

fjk;a msáhla ilia lr .; hq;= fõ'

7'2 rEmh

6 6

5 4

6 5

3 3

5 56 6

4 5

6 6 5 6

isiqka lKq

±,$ ,Kqj


fuys § tla lKavdhul wfhl= mkaÿj msßkeófï § m;s; jk ia:dkfha

we;s ,l=K tu lKavdhug ysñ fõ'

kS;s Í;s

• ksjerÈ Ys,amSh l%uhg msßkeñh hq;= h'

• msßkeófï § iSud bß mE.sh fkdyels h'

• mkaÿj ±,g Wäka úreoaO msáfha m;s; úh hq;= h'

• mkaÿj ±, Wäka fkdhdu fyda iSud bßj,ska msg;g hdfï § ,l=Kq

5la wvq lrkq ,efí'

fuf,i lKavdhfï ish¨ l%Svlhka msßkeóu l< miq jeä u ,l=Kq

,nd .;a lKavdhu ch.%yKh ,nhs'

mkaÿj mrod Èùu

fuu wkql%Svdjg wod< m%Odk l%Svd" fkÜfnda,a yd u,, l%Svdj, Odjk

biõ fõ' fuys § mmq hejqu yd hIaá yqjudrej hk olaI;d j¾Okh fõ'

wjYH WmlrK ( fkÜ fnda,hla

hIaáhla

A yd B f,i isiqka iudk lKavdhï follg fn§ A lKavdhu

tlsfkld w;r mr;rh óg¾ 2la muK jk fia ljhla idod .kak'

B lKavdhu ljhg msg;ska 7'3 rEmfha mßÈ fma<shla idod .kak'

A lKavdhfï kdhlhd yd B lKavdhfï kdhlhd tl wi, isáh

hq;= hs'

7'3 rEmh

kdhlhskaA

B


81

A lKavdhfï kdhlhd fkÜfnda,hla o B lKavdhfï kdhlhd

hIaáhla o .kak'

fokq ,nk úOdkhg wkqj B;,fhka ±lafjk ÈYdjg A lKavdhfï

kdhlhd ksjerÈ Ys,amSh l%uhg wkqj fkÜfnda,h w;ska w;g mdia

lsÍu wrUkak'

B lKavdhfï kdhlhd hIaáh /f.k fkÜ fnda,h .uka lrk

ÈYdjg u ljhg msg;ska Èùu wrUkak'

tfia Èjú;a fma<sfha B<`. isiqjdg ksjerÈ Ys,amSh l%uhg hIaáh ,nd §

fma<sfha msgqmig .uka lrkak' ta w;r fkÜfnda,h w;ska w;g mdia ù

kdhlhd <`.g wd úg A lKavdhug ,l=Kla ysñ fõ'

fma<sfha ish¨ u isiqka hIaáh /f.k Èùu wjika jk f;la A lKavdhu

mkaÿj w;ska w; hjd ,l=Kq /ia lr .kak'

bka miq lKavdhï fol udre lr kej; fmr fia l%Svdfõ ksr; jkak'

mkaÿj w;ska w; hjd jeämqr ,l=Kq ,nd .;a lKavdhug ch.%yKh

ysñ fõ'

kS;s Í;s

• mmqjg fl<ska mkaÿj heùu;a" há w;a l%uhg hIaá yqjdrej;a isÿ

l< hq;=hs'

• ksjerÈ Ys,amSh l%uhg mkaÿj heùu yd hIaá yqjudrej isÿ úh hq;= hs

• ljfha isák wh Odjkfha fhfok whg ndOd fkdl< hq;= hs'

• tlsfkld u`. yßñka mkaÿj mdia lsÍu fkdl< hq;= hs'

lsla fnda,a

fuu wkql%Svdjg wod< m%Odk l%Svdj md mkaÿ l%Svdj fõ' fï uÕska

mkaÿjg mdofhka myr §fï olaI;dj j¾Okh fõ'

wjYH WmlrK ( md mkaÿ folla

fldaka folla

tla ms,lg brÜfÜ ixLHdjla jk fia isiqka iudkj lKavdhï follg

fnfokak'

msáfha f¾Ld folla we`o Bg óg¾ 15la muK ÿßka fldaka fol ;nkak'

lKavdhï fol hq., jYfhka msáfha i,l=Kq l< f¾Ldj,g msgqmiska

isg.kak'


hq., jYfhka isg .ekSfï § fofokd w;r mr;rh wju jYfhka óg¾

2la j;a ;nd .kak'

Tfí .=re;=udf.a úOdkhg lKavdhï fofla u m<uq hq.,h mkaÿj

mdofhka tlsfkld fj; mdia lrñka fldaka tl jgd /f.k hkak'

bka miq wdmiq /f.k ú;a fma<sfha bÈß <uqka fofokdg mkaÿj Ndr §

fma<sfha msgq mig hkak'

ish¨ fokd u fuh isÿ lr uq,ska u ksu lrk lKavdhu ch.%yKh

,nhs'

kS;s Í;s

• ish¨ u fokd f¾Ldj msgqmi isg wdrïN l< hq;= hs'

• mdofha we;=¿ me;af;ka yd msg me;af;ka mkaÿjg myr Èh hq;= hs'

• iEu hq.,hla u fldaka tl jgd .uka l< hq;= hs'

idrdxYh

m%Odk l%Svdj, oCI;djka fjfyilska f;dr j ;Dma;su;aj mqyqKq ùug

wkql%Svd WmldÍ fõ'

WmlrK rys;j fyda iys;j wkql%Svd ls%hdldrlï ks¾udKh lr .;

yels fõ' wkql%Svdj, kS;s Í;s ir, h' ;u wNsu;h mßÈ tAjd ks¾udKh

lr .; yels h'

wkql%Svdj, kshe<Sfuka ldhsl" udkisl yd iudÔh fhda.H;d o" l%Svd

olaI;d o ixj¾Okh fõ

7'4 rEmh

2 lKavdhu

1 lKavdhu

15m

2m


83

wNHdi 1' wkql%Svd hkq fudkjd±hs y÷kajd fokak'

2' wkql%Svdj, ksr; ùfuka ixj¾Okh jk ldhsl" udkisl yd iudÔh

fhda.H;d idOl fol ne.ska i`oyka lrkak'

3' Tn leu;s m%Odk l%Svdjla f;dardf.k tu l%Svdfõ tla oCI;djla

j¾Okh i`oyd wkql%Svdjla ks¾udKh lrkak'


mdmkaÿ l%Svdj ldf.a;a is;a weo .kakd iq¨ Woafõ.ldÍ l%Svdjls' w;S;fha

msßñkag muKla iSud jQ md mkaÿ l%Svdj wo jk úg ldka;djka w;r

o m%p,s; ù we;' fuu l%Svdfjys fyd`Èka ksr; ùu i`oyd Wiia YdÍßl

yd udkisl fhda.H;djla ;sìh hq;= h' mkaÿj mdofhka /f.k hdu"

mkaÿjg mdofhka myr §u" mkaÿj md,kh" mkaÿjg ysiska myr §u"

mkaÿj ;=<g úis lsÍu" msáh /lSu" ±,a /lSu" f,i fuu l%Svdfõ olaI;d

rdYshla mj;S'

Tn 7 fY%A‚fha § by; olaI;d y÷kd .;a w;r" mdmkaÿ l%Svdfõ tk

mkaÿjg myr §u yd mkaÿ md,kh .ek ±kqj;a ù we;'

fuu mdvfï § wms mkaÿjg ysfika myr §fï Ys,amSh l%uh tl ;ek

isg isÿ lrk wdldrh yodruq'

md mkaÿ lKavdhul ixhq;sh

md mkaÿ lKavdhulg l%Svlfhda 15 fofkla we;=<;a fj;s' thska 11

fofkl= lS%vd l< hq;= fõ' tA w;ßka tla wfhl= ±,a rlskakd f,i kï

flf¾' udre l< yels w;sf¾l l%Svlhka ixLHdj 3 ls'

mkaÿjg ysiska myr §u

md mkaÿ lS%vdfõ ±lsh yels jeo.;a olaI;djla f,i mkaÿjg ysiska

myr §u y`ÿkajd Èh yels h' fuys § k<f,a bÈß fldgiska tkï k<,a

;,h Wmfhda.S lrf.k myr §u l< hq;= hs' myr b,lal l< hq;af;a

mkaÿfõ yß ueog h' ysfika myr§u b;d wdrlaIdldÍj iy ksjerÈ

8 md mkaÿ l%Svdfõ ksr; fjuq


85

Ys,amSh l%uhg isÿ l< hq;= fõ' tfia fkdjqjfyd;a wk;=rej,g ,la

ùug bv we;'

ysiska myr §fï Ys,amSh l%uh fhdÞ .ksñka fuf,i mkaÿj bÈßhg"

jug" fyda ol=Kg yrjd heúh yelss h'

mkaÿjg ysfika myr §fï wdldr

1' tl ;ek isg ysiska myr §u

8'1 rEmh

2' by<g mksñka ysiska myr §u

8'2 rEmh


3' .=jk; md fjñka ysiska myr §u

8'3 rEmh

tl ;ek isg ysiska myr §u

• tl ;ek isg ysiska myr §fï § mkaÿj foig ±ia fhduq ù ;sìh hq;= hs'

• fnda,h yß ueog k<,a ;,fhka myr Èh hq;= hs'

• myr fokjd;a iuÕ l| ÿkakla fuka msgq mig keó bÈßhg wd hq;= hs'

• fuys § w;a fol Wrysia uÜgug jvd uola bÈßfhka ;sfí'

• Wrysia m%udKhg uola wE;aj mdo ;nd .ksñka YÍrfha iunr;dj

/l .; hq;= fõ'

8'4 rEmh


87

mkaÿjg ysiska myr §u mqyqKq ùu ioyd l%shdldrlï

mkaÿj ;udf.a oE;ska w,a,d f.k k<, bÈßfha ;nd rEmfha ±lafjk

mßÈ ysiska myr fokak

Tn úiska u mkaÿj uola Wv oud my<g meñfKoa § ysiska myr §fï

bßhõj wkqj mkaÿjg myr fokak'

8'6 rEmh

8'5 rEmh


óg¾ myla muK bÈßfha isák Tfí ñ;=rd" Tn fj; by<ska tjk

mkaÿjg ysiska myr § kej; Tyq fj; mkaÿj hjkak'

óg¾ ;=kla muK ÿßka ñ;=frl= iu. uqyqKg uqyqK,d isg .kak'

mkaÿjg ysiska myr §u u.ska udrefjka udrejg mkaÿj yqjudre

lr.kak'

l%shdldrlu

Tfí .=re;=ud iu. t<suykg f.dia by; tl ;ek isg ysiska

myr §u mqyqKq ùu i|yd l%shdldrlïj, fhfokak'

8'7 rEmh

8'8 rEmh


89

mdmkaÿ l%Svdfõ mkaÿjg ysfika myr §fï § ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= lreKq

1' mkaÿj fj; ±ia újD;j fhduq lr ;nd .; hq;= hs'

2' mkaÿfõ yß ueog myr t,a, l< hq;= hs'

3' wdrlaIdj .ek ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= hs'

idrdxYh

b;d ckms%h l%Svdjla jk md mkaÿ l%Svdfõ olaI;d w;ßka mkaÿjg myr

fok m%Odk l%u folls' tkï mkaÿjg mdofhka myr §u iy ysfika

myr §u h'

mkaÿjg ysfika myr §u k<f,a bÈß fldgiska isÿ flf¾' tys § mkaÿfõ

yß ueog myr t,a, lrkq ,efí'

ysfika myr §u" tl ;ek isg" by<g mksñka yd .=jk; md fjñka

f,i l%u ;=klg isÿ l< yels h'

fuu olaI;dj isÿ lsÍfï § b;d wdrlaIdldÍ úh hq;= h' úúO mqyqKq

l%shdldrïj, fh§fuka fuu olaI;d j¾Okh lr .; yels h'

wNHdi 1' md mkaÿ l%Svdfõ tk ysfika myr Èfï § ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= lreKq

olajkak'

2' md mkaÿj, ysfika myr §fï l%u ;=k fudkjdo@

3' tl ;ek isg ysfika myr §u lr fmkajkak


9 Odjk wNHdi mqyqKq fjuq

Tfí mdif,a ksjdidka;r u,, lS%vd ;r.j, § úúO ÿr m%udKhkaf.ka

Odjk ;r. meje;afõ' tys § iuyr l%Svlfhda b;d ksjerÈj w;a yd mdo

p,kh lrñka YÍrh ksjerÈ wdldrhg ;nd .ksñka Odjkfha fhfo;s'

iuyr l%Svlfhda ksjerÈj w;a yd mdo p,kh isÿ fkdlr;s' ksjerÈ

Ys,amSh l%uhg Odjkh lsÍug yelshdj ,efnkafka Odjk wNHdi m%.=K

lsÍu u.sks'

y; fY%a‚fha § Tn úiska isÿ lrkq ,enQ Èùfï uq,sl wNHdi;a w;a md

ksjerÈj p,kh l< hq;= wdldrh;a u;lhg k.d .kak'

úúO kïj,ska mj;sk úúO Odjk wNHdi w;ßka lsysmhla fuu mdvu

wjidkfha § Tng bf.k .; yels h'

Odjk wNHdij, jeo.;alu

u,, l%Svdfõ § Odjkh ;r.ldÍ biõjla f,i fhdÞ .kakd neúka"

th ksjerÈ Ys,amSh l%uhg isÿ lsÍu jeo.;a fõ' Odjk wNHdi u.ska

Odjlhdf.a Ys,amSh l%uh muKla fkdj" Odjk fõ.h o jeä lr .;

yels h' úfYaIfhka u flá ÿr Odjkh i|yd Odjk wNHdij, fh§u

b;d jeo.;a fõ'

Odjkfha ksjerÈ Ys,amSh l%uhg yev .eiSu i|yd mdo we;=¿ YÍrfha

ish¨ fldgiaj,g wNHdi lsÍu fï u.ska isÿ fõ'

Odjk mshjrl wjia:d folla we;'


91

I. wdOdrl wjêh ^support phase&mdoh fmdf<dj yd iam¾Yj mj;sk wjia:dj fufia ye¢ka fõ' ^9'1 A &

II. mshdißl wjêh ^flight phase&tu mdoh fmdf<dfjka ñ§ by<g .uka lrk wjia:dj fufia ye¢ka fõ'

^9'1 B &

Odjk wNHdi u.ska fuu wjêj, § isÿ lrk l%shdldrlï ixj¾Okh fõ'

Odjk wNHdi

Odjk irU úúO uQ,dY% u.ska úúO whqßka y÷kajd § we;' tA wkqj

ieliQ fmdÿ wNHdi lsysmhla my; ±lafõ'

Odjk irU A ^Running A&

wdOdrl mdofha m;=, iïmQ¾Kfhka fmd<j yd

iam¾Yj mj;soa§ úreoaO mdoh fmd<jg iudka;rj

by<g tiùu isÿ fõ'

mdoh by<g tiùfï § wdOdrl mdofha m;=, mdo

fldÜgd yd weÕs,s ;=vq olajd ti fõ'

oE;a je<ñfgka kud" Odjkfha § fuka fyd¢ka

fomig p,kh lrhs'

fuu irUh ud¾É lrñka o" ialsma lrñka o" fiñka

ÿjñka o isÿ l< yels h' 9'2 rEmh

9'1 rEmh - Odjk mshjrl wjia:d

A B


Odjk irU B ^Running B&

9'3 rEmh

fuys § wdOdrl mdoh fyd`Èka È. yeÍ m;=, fmd<j yd iam¾Y ù mej;sh

hq;= h'

úreoaO mdoh oKysiska wxYl 900 g keó fmdf<djg iudka;r jk fia

by<g Tijd oKysfika È. yer fmd<jg myr Èh hq;= h'

túg wdOdrl mdofha m;=, mdo fldÜgd iy weÕs,s ;=vq olajd ti fõ'

oE;a je,ñfgka kud" Odjkfha § fuka fyd¢ka fomig p,kh lrhs'

fuu irUh weúÈñka" ialsma lrñka yd fiñka ÿjñka

isÿ l< yels h'

Odjk irU C ^Running C&

wdOdrl mdoh fyd`Èka È. yeÍ fmd<j yd iam¾Y ù

mej;sh hq;= h'

úreoaO mdoh oKysiska msgqmig kjd ;Ügu m%foaYfha

hg fldgig ú¨fUka myr fok w;r bÈßhg .uka

l< hq;= h'

9'4 rEmh


93

oE;a je<ñfgka kud" Odjkfha § fuka fyd¢ka fomig p,kh lrhs'

fuh o weúÈñka fuka u fiñka ÿjñka o isÿ l< yels h'

l%shdldrlu

l%Svd msáhg f.dia fuu Odjk wNHdi mdo udrelrñka" tl

;ek isg" weúÈñka yd fifuka ÿjñka m%dfhda.slj mqyqKq jkak'

idrdxYh

wdOdrl wjêh yd mshdißl wjêh f,i Odjkfha m%Odk wjê folls'

fuu wjê folg wÞ< l%shdldrlï ixj¾Okh Odjk wNHdi u.ska isÿ

flf¾'

Odjkfha ksjerÈ Ys,amSh l%uh mqyqKq ùug;a" Odjk fõ.h jeä lr

.ekSug;a Odjk wNHdi jeo.;a fõ'

Odjk irU A" Odjk irU B" Odjk irU C hkq fmdÿ Odjk wNHdi

lsysmhls'

wNHdi Odjk irU A" B" C" isÿ lrk wdldrh m%dfhda.slj m%o¾Ykh lr rEm

igyka iys;j tAjd j.= .; lrkak'


10 mekSï biõ bf.k .ksuq

u,, l%Svd j¾.SlrKhg wkqj mekSï j¾. folls' tkï ;sria mekSï

iy isria mekSï h' ;sria mekSug wh;a biõ folls' tkï ÿr mekSu yd

;=ka msïu fõ' ÿr mekSfï Ys,amSh l%u ;=kla mj;S' tAjd kï¦ t,af,k

l%uh" mdfjk l%uh iy .=jk; md udre lsÍfï l%uh fõ' mdoj,

Yla;sh yd fõ.h tl;= lr ksjerÈ Ys,amSh l%u wkq.ukh lsÍfuka ÿr

mekSfï Wmßu olaI;d fmkakqï l< yels h'

Tn y;ajk fY%a‚fha § mekSfï biõ mqyqKqj i|yd úúO mqyqKq wNHdi

isÿ l< wdldrh u;l we;ehs is;uq'

fuu mdvu u.ska ÿr mekSfï mdfjk Ys,amSh l%uh ms<sn| ukd

wjfndaOhla Tng ,nd .; yels h'

ÿr mekSug wh;a wjê

by; i|yka l< mdfjk" t,af,k yd .=jk; md udre lsÍfï hk ´kE

u ÿr mekSfï Ys,amSh l%uhl m%Odk wjê y;rla olakg ,efí'

1' wj;S¾K Odjkh ^approch run&2' kslaóu$bms,Su ^take off&3' mshdißh$.=jka .; ùu ^flight&4' m;s; ùu ^landing&


95

my; 10'1 rEmfhka tu wjê Tng wjfndaO lr .; yels jkq we;'

A B C D

wj;S¾K Odjkh bms,Su .=jka.; ùu m;s; ùu

wj;S¾K Odjkh

ÿr mekSfï l%shdj,sfha § mksk ÿr m%udKh ;SrKh i`oyd kslaófï fõ.h

b;d jeo.;a fõ' wj;S¾K Odjkh u.ska kslaófï fõ.h jeä lr .; yels h'

10'2 rEmh - wj;S¾K Odjkh

10'1 rEmh - ÿr mekSug wh;a wjê


bms,Su

bms,Sfï wjia:dfõ § bms,Sfï mqjrej u; mdoh fyd`Èka È. yeÍ ;sìh

hq;= w;r ksoyia mdoh fmdf<djg iudka;rj oKysiska keó ;sìh hq;= h'

10'3 rEmh - bms,Su

.=jka.; ùu$ mshdißh

.=jka .; ùfuka miq YÍrfha iu;=,s;;dj /l .; hq;= h' tfuka u

ksjerÈj m;s; ùug iqÞkï úh hq;= h' mdfjk l%ufha § ksoyia mdoh

fmdf<djg iudka;rj fyd`Èka È. yef¾' bms,Sfï mdoh o fyd`Èka È.

yeÍ ksoyia mdoh yd iudka;rj mj;ajd .; hq;= fõ' fuys § oE;a

bÈßhg yd by<g ti ùu l< hq;= h'

10'4 rEmh - .=jka.; ùu$ mshdißh


97

m;s; ùu

m;s; ùfï § È. yeÍ ;snq mdo fol u yl=<jd .; hq;= w;r bÈßfha ;snQ

w;a YÍrh fomiska miq mig .uka lrhs' mdo fmdf<djg iam¾Y ùu;a

iu. YÍrh bÈßhg we§ hd hq;= h'

l%shdldrlu

Tfí .=re;=udf.a Wmfoia wkqj by; úia;r l< ÿr mekSfï

mdfjk Ys,amSh l%uh mshjfrka mshjr m%fhda.slj isÿ lrkak'

ÿr mekSï biõ ioyd mqyqKq l%shdldrlï

1' tl ;ek isg mdo foflka u ÿr mksk msáhg mkskak'

10'6 rEmh

10'5 rEmh - m;s; ùu


2' jï mdoh fhdÞ f.k l=kaÿfjka bÈßhg mksñka f.dia ÿr mekSfï

l%Svd msáhg mkskak' fï wdldrfhka ol=Kq mdofhka o mkskak

10'7 rEmh

3' mdo foflka u bms,S bÈßhg mksñka f.dia ÿr mekSfï l%Svd msáhg

mkskak'

10'8 rEmh


99

4' mshjr myla fyda y;la Odjkh lr bÈßfha we;s fikaáóg¾ 15la

muK Wi ,S fmÜáh u;g tla mdohla ;nd ÿr mekSfï msáhg

mkskak' fuh o udrefjka udrejg mdo ;nñka isÿ l< yels h'

fuys § bms,Sfï mdoh ms<sn| úfYaIfhka ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= h'

10'9 rEmh

idrdxYh

u,, l%Svd j¾.SlrKh wkqj ÿr mekSu hkq ;sria mekSï w;rg wh;a

biõjls'

mdfjk l%uh" t,af,k l%uh" .=jk; md udre lsÍfï l%uh hkqfjka

ÿr mekSfï Ys,amSh l%u ;=kla mj;Ss'

by; ´kE u Ys,amSh l%uhla ;=< wj;S¾K Odjkh" kslaóu" mshdißh yd

m;s; ùu f,i m%Odk wjê y;rla olakg ,efí'

ÿr mekSug wÞ< úúO l%shdldrlï lsÍu u.ska ÿr mekSfï olaI;dj

j¾Okh lr .; yels h'


wNHdi A fldgig .e<fmk ms<s;=r B fldgiska f;dard ,shkak

A fldgi B fldgi

ÿr mekSfï Ys,amSh l%ufha m<uq wjêh ÿr mekSu

;sria mekSuls mdfjk l%uh

ÿr mekSfï Ys,amSh l%uhls m;s; ùu

ÿr mekSfï wjidk wjêh kslaófï fõ.h

ÿr mekSfï §" mksk ÿr m%udKh ;SrKh jk

tla idOlhls wj;S¾K Odjkh


101

11 m%ckl fi!LHh /l .ksuq

;u j¾.hd fnda lsÍu iEu i;ajfhl=f.a u ,laIKhls' ukqIH j¾.hd

fnda lsÍu u.ska ukqIH ixy;sfha meje;au ;yjqre lr .ekSu i|yd ia;%S

yd mqreI m%ckl moaO;s ieliS we;'

y;ajk fY%a‚fha §" Tn isref¾ úúO moaO;s w;ßka wdydr Ô¾Kh"

Yajik" reêr ixirK iy nysiai%dù moaO;s ms<sn| bf.k f.k we;'

tfia u kj fhdjqka úfha wNsfhda. hgf;a ia;%S yd mqreI m%ckl moaO;s

ms<sn| uq,sl wjfndaOhla yd kj fhdjqka úfha § we;s jk oaú;Shsl ,sx.sl

,laIK o" fhdjqka úfha § we;s jk tu fjkialïj,g uqyqK fok

wdldrh o yÞrd we;'

fï mdvfï § ;j ÿrg;a wms ia;%S yd mqreI m%ckl moaO;sj, jHqyh"

l%shdldß;ajh yd tu moaO;sj, ukd meje;aug n,mdk idOl ms<sn`o

bf.k .ksuq'

mqreI m%ckl moaO;sh

mqreI m%ckl moaO;sh jDIK fldaI ;=< msysá Y=l%dKq ksmojk jDIK

follska o" Y=l% ;r,h ksmoùug odhl jk mqr(ia: .%kaÒh yd Y=l%

wdYhsldfjka o" Y=l% kd,h yd YsYakfhka o iukaú; fõ' mqreI m%ckl

moaO;sh ndysrg újD; jkafka uQ;% ud¾.h yryd hs'

msßñ orefjl= kj fhdjqka úhg <Õd jQ úg § jDIK u.ska Y=l%dKq

ksmoùfï l%shdj,sh wdrïN fõ' Y=l%dKq hkq orejl= ms<sis| .ekSug

wjYH jk ms;D ffi,hhs'


Y=l% wdYhsldj

Y=l% kd,h

jDIKh

jDIK fldaIh

uQ;%dYh

mqr(ia: .%ka:sh

YsIakh

uQ;% ud¾.h

11'1 rEmh - mqreI m%ckl moaO;sh

ia;%S m%ckl moaO;sh

ia;%shlf.a Wl=,a m%foaYh ;=< ia;%S m%ckl moaO;sfha wjhj msysgd we;'

ia;%S m%ckl moaO;sh äïn fldaI follska o" .¾NdYh kï fmaIsuh

wjhjh yd thg újD; jk mef,damSh kd, follska o" .eí f., yryd

.¾NdYh msg;g iïnkaO lrk fhdaks ud¾.fhka o iukaú; fõ'

11'2 rEmh - ia;%S m%ckl moaO;sfha yrialvla

äïn fldaImef,damSh kd,h

^äïn m%Kd,h&

.¾NdYh

fhdaks ud¾.h

.eíf.,

11'2 rEmh - ia;%S m%ckl moaO;sh


103

wd¾;j pl%h

.eyekq orejl= kj fhdjqka úhg <Õd ùu;a iu. u l%shdldÍ ;;ajhg

m;a jk äïn fldaI uÕska äïnhla mef,damSh kd,h ;=<g uqÞ yßhs'

fuh äïn fudapkh kï fõ' äïnhla hkq orejl= ms<sis| .ekSu i|yd

wjYH jk ud;D ffi,hhs' äïn fudapkh ;udg fkd±kS u isÿjk

l%shdj,shls' fï iu. u" ms<sis| .ekSula isÿ jqjfyd;a we;s jk l<,h

ms<s.ekSu i|yd .¾NdYh we;=<; wdia;rfha >klu jeä lr .ksñka

iqÞkï fjhs' ms<sis| .ekSula isÿ fkdjQ úg äïn fudapkfhka Èk 14 lg

muK miq fuu wdia;rfha mgl fldgia leä ì£ reêrh;a iu. fhdaks

ud¾.h yryd msg fõ' fuh Tima ùu hkqfjka ye¢kafõ' fufia isÿ jk

reêr jykh idudkHfhka Èk 2-6 olajd ld,hla mej;sh yels h'

.eyekq orejl= m<uq jrg Tima ùu zu,ajr ùuZ" zjeäúhg m;aùuZ hkqfjka

idudkH jHjydrfha ye¢kafõ' jeäúh meñKSu;a iu. idudkHfhka

Èk 28lg jrla äïn fldaIj,ska udrefjka udrejg äïn fudapkh isÿ

lrhs' fufia Èk 28 lg jrla Tima ùu wd¾;j pl%h f,i ye¢kafõ'

iudkHfhka ia;%shlf.a Timaùu jhi wjqreÿ 45 isg 55 olajd ld,fha

§ kejf;a' tA äïn fldaIfhka äïn fudapk l%shdj,sh kej;Su ksid h'

ms<sis| .ekSu

ia;%S m%ckl moaO;sh ;=<" äïn fudapkfhka miq äïnh mef,damSh

kd,h Tiafia .¾NdYh fj; .uka lrhs' ,sx.sl tlaùul § ia;%shf.a

fhdaks ud¾.h ;=<g we;=¿ jQ Y=l% ;r,fha we;s Y=l%dKq .eí f., yryd

.¾NdYhg we;=¿ ù mef,damSh kd,h fj; .uka lrhs' mef,damSh kd,h

;=< § yuq jk äïnh iu. Y=l%dKqjla tla ùu ixfiapkh f,i ye¢ka

fõ'

Y=l%dKqj

äïnh

11'3 rEmh- ixfiapkh


fufia ixfiapkh jq äïnh l%u l%ufhka l<,hla njg m;afjñka

.¾NdYh lrd .uka lrhs' fuu l<,h ms<s.ekSug wjYH fmdaIKh

,nd §ug .¾NdYfha we;=<; wdia;rh iqÞkï fõ'

fufia l<,h .¾NdYh fj; .uka lr tys we;=<; wdia;rh ;=< ;ekam;a

fõ' fuu l<,h .¾NdYh ;=< l%u l%ufhka jeã wx. iïmQ¾K orefjl=

njg m;a fõ' fml‚ je, yryd l<,fha j¾Okhg wjYH fmdaIl

fldgia yd Tlaiscka ujf.ka ,nd.kakd w;r ksmofjk nysiai%dù øjH

ujf.a reêrhg uqÞ yÍ' fï wdldrhg orejd ìys jk ;=re u udi 9 la

muK .¾NdYh ;=< wdrlaIdldÍ f,i jefâ'

m%ckl fi!LHh

;u j¾.hd fnda lsÍfï § mqoa.fhl=g wjYH jk YdÍßl ksfrda.slu"

hym;a udkisl ;;ajh yd hym;a iudc ;;ajh fyd¢ka mj;ajd .ekSu

m%ckl fi!LHh fõ' fï i|yd wdrlaIdldÍ" fi!LHj;a ms<sfj;a mj;ajd

.ekSfï uQ,sl j.lSu Tn i;= h'

m%ckl fi!LHhg ndOd we;s lrk idOl

1' ,sx.sl w;jr yd wmfhdackj,g ,la ùu

2' kj fhdjqka úfha .eí .ekSï

3' ie,iqï iy.; fkdjQ .eí .ekSï

4' ,sx.slj iïfma%IKh jk frda.

1' ,sx.sl w;jr yd wmfhdack

17 fjks mdvfï § mdßißl wNsfhda. hgf;a wmpdr yd wmfhdack

ms<sn| bf.k .ekSug Tng wjia:dj ,efí'

wmpdr yd wmfhdack w;rg wh;a jk ,sx.sl w;jr yd ,sx.sl

wmfhdackhkag ,la ùu m%ckl fi!LHhg ndOd we;s lrhs'

ldhsl yd udkisl wmyiqjg m;a lrk ,sx.sl l%shdjlg hful= fhduq

lr .ekSu ,sx.sl wmfhdackhla fõ'


105

wkjYH f,i YÍßh iam¾Y lsÍu wkjYH ismje<| .ekSï" n,y;aldrfhka

,sx.sl l%shdj, fhoùu" leue;a; we;sj fyda ke;sj wjqreÿ 16 g wvq

orejl= iu. ,sx.sl iïnkaO;d meje;aùu ,sx.sl w;jrj,g WÞyrK

fõ'

,sx.sl;ajh yqjd olajk Ñ;%mg" PdhdrEm yd m%ldYk i|yd fhdojd

.ekSu" tjeks fmd;m; yd ùäfhdamg Ndú;hg fm,Uùu wd§ foa

,sx.sl wmfhdackj,g WÞyrK fõ'

fkdokakd mqoa.,hka o Tn fyd¢ka okakd y÷kk kEoEhska" ñ;=rka

jeks mqoa.,hka o fujeks foa i|yd Tn fmd,Ujd .ekSug W;aidy l<

yels h' tjeks wjia:djl § ñ;=relu fyda kEoElu mfil ,d Tnf.a

wdrlaIdj ;yjqre lr .; hq;= nj u;l ;nd .kak'

Tng we;a;g u wdorh lreKdj we;s mqoa.,hka fujeks l%shd i|yd Tn

f.dÿre lr .ekSug W;aidy fkdlrk nj isf;a ;nd .kak'

l%shdldrlu

my; wjia:djkays § Tfí wdrlaIdj ;yjqre lr .kakd wdldrh

lKavdhï f,i idlÉcd lr bÈßm;a lrkak'

1' ksjfia ;ksj isák wjia:djl §

2' ieKfl<shl § fouõmshka uÕ yereKq wjia:djl §

3' mdif,ka miq ;snQ jevigykla wjidkfha § we¢ß jefgk

fõ,djl ksfjig hEug isÿ jQ úg

,sx.sl wmpdr yd wmfhdackj,g ,la ùu ksid we;s úh yels .eg¨

• wkjYH .eí .ekSï we;s ùu

• ,sx.slj iïfm%aIKh jk frda. je<£u

• udkisl ì`o jeàu

• wOHdmk lghq;=j,g ndOd we;s ùu

• iudc wjudkhg ,la ùu


2' kj fhdjqka úfha .eí .ekSï

kj fhdjqka úfha § isrer ;ju;a j¾Ok wjia:dfõ miq fõ' orejl=

fmdaIKh lsÍu i|yd Wmßu iQÞkula ia;%S m%ckl moaO;sfha we;s jkafka

jhi wjqreÿ 20 muK jk úg h' tfia jqj o" tA i|yd udkislj yd

iudÔhj iqÞkï ùug ;j;a l,la .; fõ' fufia iQÞkula fkdue;s j

kj fhdjqka úfha § u .eí .ekSula isÿ jqjfyd;a ;ud o j¾Ok wjêfha

miqjk ksid orejdg fmdaIKh ,nd §u wmyiq fõ' .¾NsŒ wjia:dfõ

§ orejd iïmQ¾Kfhka u fmdaIKh i|yd ujf.ka hefmk nj Tng

u;l we;s' fuúg uj yd orejd hk fofokdf.a u j¾Okh wvd,

fõ' ia;%S m%ckl moaO;sh ore m%iQ;shla i|yd iQÞkï fkdue;s neúka

ore m%iQ;sfha oS .eg¨ we;s fõ' udkisl yd idudcSh l=i,;d o ;j u

j¾Okh ù fkdue;s fï wjêfha § ud;D;ajfha j.lSu ord .ekSug

iQÞkula .eyekq orejl=g fkdue;' iudc wmjdohg ,la ùu ksid o

udkisl mSvkhg ,la fõ' wOHdmkh iïmQ¾K lrk fuu wjÈfha §

ujl ùu ;=<ska th o lvdlmam,a fõ' orefjl= fmdaIKh lsÍug iy

yÞjvd .ekSug wjYH wd¾Ól ;;ajhla o fï wjêfha § f.dv ke.S

ke;'

by; fya;= ksid ud;D;ajh yd ms;D;ajh hk W;=ï moú ±Íug kshñ;

ldhsl" udkisl yd idudcSh iQÞkula we;s jhil § th i;=áka Ndr

.; hq;= h' ,sx.sl wmfhdackhg ,la fkdùug yels iEu úg u j. n,d

.; hq;= h' hï lsis fya;=jla ksid ,sx.sl wmfhdackhlg ,la jqjfyd;a

jyd u jeäysáfhl=g ±kqï § ffjoH Wmfoia i|yd fhduq úh hq;= h'

3' ie,iqï iy.; fkdjQ .eí .ekSï

orejl= /l n,d .ekSu i|yd wd¾Ól yd iudÔh iQÞkula ;sìh hq;= h'

ie,iqulska f;drj .eí .ekSu ksid mjqf,a hymeje;aug ndOd jk

w;r .íid wdÈhg fhduq ùfuka uj frda.S ùfï isg urKh olajd

w;=reM, we;s úh yels h' wvq mr;rhlska hq;=j ore Wm;a isÿ ùfï §

ujf.a fuka u" orejdf.a o fmdaIKhg;a" udkisl ;;ajhg;a wys;lr

n,mEï we;s fõ'


107

4' ,sx.slj iïfm%aIKh jk frda.

,sx.sl tlaùula fyda ,sx.sl l%shdj,shla u.ska fndajk frda. ,sx.slj

iïfm%aIKh jk frda. kï fõ' fï i|yd WÞyrK f,i iqÿ ìxÿu

^gonorrhoea&" WmoxYh ^syphilis&" y¾mSia ^herpes simplex&" ,sx.sl

bkakka ^warts& yd tAâia ^HIV/AIDS& kï l< yels h'

,sx.slj iïfm%aIKh jk frda. fnda ùfuka we;s úh yels .eg¨

• ,sx.sl wjhjj, ;=jd," ierj .e,Sï" fõokd" leiSï" wdÈh we;s ùu

• yDoh" fud<h yd iakdhq jeks wjhjj,g ydks ùu

• udkisl mSvkhg ,la ùu

• iudc wmjdohg ,la ùu

• wOHdmk lghq;= lvdlmam,a ùu

• wdidokh jQ .¾NsŒ ujlf.ka l<,hg frda.h iïfma%IKh ùu

ksid fkdfïrE orejka ìys ùu" u< ore Wm;a we;s ùu yd wx. úl,

orejka ìys ùu

• m%iQ;sfha § ujf.ka orejdg iïfm%aIKh jk we;eï úI îc ksid

orejka wkaO Ndjhg m;a ùu

fkdfïrE ore Wm;a wlaIs frda.

11'4 rEmh - ,sx.slj iïfm%aIKh jk frda. ksid orejkag jk n,mEï


m%ckl fi!LHh /l .ekSu i|yd jeo.;a jk idOl

1' ksjerÈj ±kqj;a ùu

2' fi!LHj;a p¾hd wkq.ukh lsÍu

3' iudc jákdlïj,g wkqj Ôj;a ùu

ksjerÈ ±kqj;a ùu

m%ckl fi!LHh ksis whqßka mj;ajd .ekSug kï tA ms<sn|j ksjerÈ

±kqula ,nd ;sîu jeo.;a h' tA i|yd Tn my; lreKq ms<sn| ±kqj;a

ùu wjYH fõ'

² m%ckl moaO;sfha jHqyh"

² m%ckl moaO;sfha l%shdldß;ajh

² úúO jhiaj, § m%ckl moaO;sfha we;s jk fjkialï

² kj fhdjqka úfha yd .¾NsŒ ld,fha fmdaIK wjYH;d

² ,sx.slj iïfm%aIKh jk frda.

² m%ckl moaO;sfha fi!LHh /l .ekSu i|yd hymqreÿ

² wmpdr" wmfhdack yd wys;lr ,sx.sl p¾hdj,ska je<lSug wjYH

l=i,;d

fi!LHj;a p¾hd

my; olajd we;s fi!LHj;a p¾hd wkq.ukh lsÍu m%ckl fi!LHh

/l .ekSu i|yd jeo.;a fõ'

² fm!oa.,sl iajia:;dj mj;ajd .ekSu

² wm rgg .e<fmk lmq frÈj,ska ksu jQ msßisÿ hg we`ÿï Ndú;h

² újdyh f;la ,sx.sl in|;dj,g fhduq fkdùu

² ,sx.sl in|;d ;u újdyl iylre yd iyldßhg muKla iSud lsÍu

² m%ckl moaO;sh wdY%s; frda.j, § ksis m%;sldr ,nd .ekSu


109

iudc jákdlïj,g wkqj Ôj;a ùu

wkdÈu;a ld,hl isg mej; tk jákd isß;a úß;a" iïm%Þhka rdYshla

Y%S ,dxlsl iudch i;= h' fï iudc jákdlï /l .ekSu uÕska ukd

m%ckl fi!LHhla mj;ajd .ekSug;a ksfrda.S mrmqrla we;s lsÍug;a

yels fõ' wm iudch ;=< mj;sk tjeks jákd .=Kdx. my; ±la fõ'

² úreoaO ,sx.slhka iu. .re;ajfhka yd ifydaor;ajfhka lghq;=

lsÍu

² wiNH fmd;am;a" iÕrd" ùäfhda" Ñ;%mg" iSã ;eá wdÈh m%;slafIam

lsÍu

² ud;D;ajh yd ms;D;ajh W;=ï moúhla f,i i,ld tys jákdlu yd

j.lSu /flk f,i lghq;= lsÍu

² újdyl ieñhd yd ìß| w;r wfkHdakH wjfndaOh" úYajdih" wdorh"

.re lsÍu jeks .=Kdx. mj;ajd .ekSu

idrdxYh

j¾.hd fnda lsÍu i|yd ia;%S yd mqreI m%ckl moaO;s ieliS we;'

orejl= ms<sis| .ekSu i`oyd wjYH jk ud;D ffi,h jk äïnhla ms;D

ffi,h jk Y=l%dKqjla yd tla ùu ixfiapkh f,i ye¢ka fõ'

fufia we;s jk l<,h mef,damSh kd,h yryd .¾NdYh fj; .uka

lr tys we;=<; wdia;rfha ;ekam;a fõ'

ixfiapkhla isÿ fkdjqjfyd;a .¾NdYfha we;=<; wdia;rfha mgl leã

reêrh iaj,amhla iu. fhdaks ud¾.h yryd msg ùu Tima ùu kï fõ'

iudkHfhka Èk 28 lg jrla isÿ jk Tima ùu wd¾;j pl%h f,i

ye`Èkafõ'

,sx.sl wmpdr yd wmfhdack" kj fhdjqka úfha .eí .ekSï" ie,iqï

iy.; fkdjQ .eí .ekSï yd ,sx.slj iïfm%aIKh jk frda. m%ckl

fi!LHhg ndOd we;s lrk m%Odk idOl fõ'

ksjerÈj ±kqj;a ùu;a" fi!LHj;a p¾hd wkq.ukh lsÍu;a iudc

jákdlïj,g wkqj Ôj;a ùu;a uÕska m%ckl fi!LHh /l .; yels

fõ'


wNHdi 1' orejl= ms<sis`o .ekSu i|yd wjYH ud;D yd ms;D ffi, kï lrkak

2' ixfiapkh hkq l=ula o@

3' wd¾;j pl%h Èk 28lg jrla isÿ jkafka flfia±hs meyeÈ,s lrkak

4' ,sx.sl wmpdr yd wmfhdack ksid we;s jk ydks fudkjdo@

5' hym;a m%ckl fi!LHhla mj;ajd .ekSug WmldÍ jk fi!LHj;a

p¾hd myla kï lrkak

6' kj fhdjqka úfha .eí .ekSï whym;a jkafka wehs@


111

12 úis lsÍï biõ m%.=K lruq

tÈfkÞ Ôú;fha § wm úiska fkdfhla wdldrfha úis lsÍï isÿ flf¾'

úis lsÍu iajdNdúl l%shdldrluls' u,, l%Svdj, § bÈßfhka" me;af;ka

yd by<ska WmlrK úis lrñka úúO biõj, fhfokq Tn ±l we;'

u,, l%Svd j¾.SlrKh hgf;a úis lsÍï biõ y;rla olakg ,efí'

tkï" h.=,sh ±óu" ljfm;a; úis lsÍu" fy,a, úis lsÍu iy ñáh úis

lsÍu hk biõ fõ' fï w;ßka ñáh úis lsÍu mdi,a uÜgfï ;r.j,

§ we;=<;a fkdfõ'

miq.sh fY%a‚fha § úúO nr we;s WmlrK úúO ÈYdjka Tiafia úúO

b,lalj,g úis lrñka mqyqKq wNHdij, fhÿKq whqre Tng u;l we;s'

fuu mdvu yeoEÍfuka h.=,sh" ljfm;a;" fy,a, hk úis lsÍfï

WmlrK .%yKh lr .kakd wdldrh" WmlrK yqre lsÍfï l%shdldrlï

yd tl ;ek isg WmlrK úis lsÍu iïnkaO wjfndaOhla ,nd .;

yels h'

úis lsÍï biõj, § isÿ jk wk;=rej,ska wdrlaId ùug l< yels foa

.=rejrfhl= fkdue;sj WmlrK úis lsÍu fkdl< hq;= w;r" .=re

Wmfoia wkqj úis lsÍfï § jqj o Tnf.a fuka u wka whf.a o wdrlaIdj

ms<sn| ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= fõ'

1' l%Svd msáfha § úis lsÍï WmlrKhla úis lsÍu wksjd¾fhka u

.=rejrfhl=$.=rejßhlf.a wëlaIKh hgf;a isÿ l< hq;= hs'


2' WmlrKh l%Svd msáhg f.k hdu iy kej; f.k tAu wk;=rla

fkdjk wdldrfhka l< hq;= hs'

WÞ( fy,a, f.k hdfï § fy,a,h isria w;g bÈßfhka ;nd f.k

hd hq;= h'

3' WmlrK úis lsÍfï § bÈßfhka lsis u flfkl= fkdisáh hq;= hs'

4' .=re;=ud$ .=re;=ñhf.a ix×jlg wkqj tljr úis lsÍu l< hq;= w;r

tljr kej; /f.k wd hq;= hs'

5' m¿ÿ jQ WmlrK úis lsÍfuka je<lsh hq;= hs' thg fya;=j tA u.ska

w;a lemSu" ;=jd, ùu isÿ úh yels neúks'

6' isiqka .ejfik fyda tydg fuydg .uka lrk ia:dkhla úis lsÍu

i|yd fhdÞ fkd.; hq;= hs'

7' WmlrK ´kE u wfhl=g ys;=uf;a .ekSug fkdyels jk fia

iqrlaIs;j ;eìh hq;= hs'

h.=,sh ±óu

YdÍßl fhda.H;djka jk Yla;sh" fõ.h yd iudfhdackh tAlrdYs

úfuka h.=,sh ±ófï Wmßu olaI;d ±laúh yels h' úis lsÍfï yd ±ófï

WmlrK w;ßka jeä u nrla iys; WmlrKh h.=,sh hs'

h.=,sh .%yKh lsÍu yd ;nd .ekSu

h.=,sh .%yKh lsÍfï § w,a, u; fkd.Efjk fia we`.s,s fl<jf¾

fyd`Èka .Efjk fia ;nd .; hq;= hs' udmg we`.s,a, yd iq,eÕs,a, h.=,sh

r`ojd .ekSug wdOdrlhla jYfhka ;sìh hq;= w;r b;sß we`.s,s ;=k

uola úysfok fia ;eìh hq;= h' ^12'1 rEmh&


113

fyd`Èka .%yKh lr.;a h.=,sh lkg my<ska" kslg uq," fn,a, hg ;nd

.; hq;= h' YÍrhg wxYl 450l muK fldaKhla mj;sk fia je<ñg"

me;a;g tiù ;sìh hq;= h' ^12'2 rEmh&

12'2 rEmh - h.=,sh .%yKh 12'3 rEmh - h.=,sh ;nd .ekSu

h.=,sh ±óu yqre ùfï ir, l%shdldrlï

1' h.=,sh kshñ; mßÈ ;nd f.k mdo uola wE;a fldg isg .kak'

.=re;=ud$ .=re;=ñhf.a ix×jg bÈßhg úis lrkak'

12'4 rEmh

12'1 rEmh - h.=,sh


2' mdo Wrysi uÜgug wE;a fldg isgf.k isg h.=,sh kshñ; wdldrfhka

w;af,ys ;nd .kak'

oKysia kjd uola my;a ù by<g tkjd;a iu. h.=,sh uqÞ yßkak'

fuys § w,a, msg me;a;g hd hq;= h'

12'5 rEmh

tl ;ek isg h.=,sh oeóu

• h.=,sh kshñ; wdldrhg ;nd .; hq;= h'

• mdo Wrysia m<,g ;nd .; hq;= hs'

• oKysia uola kjñka" Wvqlh olaIsKdj¾;j

lrljhs'

• fomd È. yßk w;r;=r" Wvqlh bÈßhg

yrjñka h.=,sh ouhs'

^by; olajd we;af;a tl ;ek isg ol=Kq

w;ska h.=,sh ouk wjia:djls'&

12'6 rEmh

l%shdldrlu

,Sj,ska úl,am h.=,shla idÞ tl ;ek isg h.=,sh ±óu mqyqKq

jkak'


115

ljfm;a; úis lsÍu

fuu biõj mqrdK .%Sisfha we;ekaia kqjr mej;s m<uq T,sïmsla ;r.hg

o we;=<;a jq nj i`oyka fõ' ljfm;a; úis lsÍu h.=,sh fuka u Yla;sh"

fõ.h yd iudfhdackh tAlrdYS jq biõjls'

ljfm;a; w,a,d .ekSu

we`.s,sj, wjidk mqrelaj,ska ljfm;a; fyd`Èka w,a,d .kshs' ljfm;af;a

Þrh u; weÕs,s úys§ mj;S' uymgÕs,a, ljfm;a; u; ksoyiaj ;sfí'

ljfm;a; úis lsÍu mqyqKqj i`oyd ir, l%shdldrlï

1' onr weÕs,af,ka uqÞ yefrk mßÈ ljfm;a; fmdf<dj Èf.a fmr<kak

12'9 rEmh

12'8 rEmh - ljfm;a; .%yKh12'7 rEmh - ljfm;a;


2' ljfm;a; fyd¢ka .%yKh lr f.k wfÜ b,lalu iefok wdldrhg

w; f.k hkak'

3' onr weÕs,af,ka uqÞ yefrk f,i ljfm;a; me;af;ka bÈßhg úis

lrkak'

12'11 rEmh

12'10 rEmh


117

tl ;ek isg ljfm;a; úis lsÍu

tl ;ek isg ljfm;a; úis lsÍu isÿ lr wdldr folla my; ±la fõ'

ol=Kq w;ska ljfm;a; úis lrk l%Svlfhl= tu wdldr folg ljfm;a;

úis lrk wdldrh yÞruq'

I. • ol=Kq w;ska ouk úg mdo Wrysig iudka;rj ;nd f.k ljfm;a;

bÈßhg uqÞ yßhs'

• ol=Kq mdoh bÈßhg ;nñka iunr;dj /l .kshs'

12'12 rEmh

II. • jï mdoh bÈßfha ;nd isg .kS'

• l| olaIsKdj¾;j msgqmig lrljd ljfm;a; bÈßhg uqÞ yßhs'

• tA iu. u ol=Kq mdoh bÈßhg .uka lrhs'

12'13 rEmh


l%shdldrlu

,Sj,ska idÞ .;a WmlrK fhdÞ f.k .=re;=ud$ .=re;=ñh iu.

l%Svd msáhg f.dia by; l%shdldrlïj, m%dfhda.slj ksr; jkak'

fy,a, úis lsÍu

fy,a," u,, l%Svd biõ w;ßka wvqu nrla iys; WmlrKhls' tfia u

úis lsÍfï biõ w;ßka jeä u ÿrla úis l< yels WmlrKh o fy,a,

fõ' fuh úis lsÍfï biõ w;ßka Odjkhl fhfoñka isÿ lrkq ,nk

biõjls'

fy,a, .%yKh

fy,a, .%yKh lsÍug my; l%u Ndú; flf¾'

1' uymg weÕs,af,ka yd onr weÕs,af,ka .%yKh ^12'15 rEmh&

2' uymg weÕs,af,ka yd ueo weÕs,af,ka .%yKh ^12'16 rEmh&

12'15 rEmh 12'16 rEmh12'14 rEmh


119

fy,a, úis lsÍu mqyqKqj i|yd ir, l%shdldrlï

1' óg¾ myla muK wE;g fy,a, úis lrkak'

12'17 rEmh

2' bÈßfha we;s hï b,lalhla fj; fy,a, úis lrkak'

12'18 rEmh


3' w;a foflka fy,a, w,a,d f.k msgqmig keó fõ.fhka ;=v

fmdf<djg wefkk fia oud .ikak'

tl ;ek isg fy,a, bÈßhg úis lsÍu

12'20 rEmh

• fy,a, ouk ÈYdjg uqyqK,d isáh hq;= hs'

• ol=Kq w;ska fy,a, ouk úg ol=Kq mdoh msgq miska ;eìh hq;= hs'

• w; msgqmig È. yer ysig by<ska fy,a, ouhs' tA iu. u ol=Kq mdoh

bÈßhg ths'

12'19 rEmh


121

idrdxYh

u,, l%Svd j¾.SlrKh hgf;a h.=,sh ±óu" ljfm;a; úis lsÍu"

fy,a, úis lsÍu yd ñáh úis lsÍu hkqfjka biõ y;rla ;sfí' fï

w;ßka ñáh úis lsÍu mdi,a uÜgfï biõ i|yd we;=<;a fkdfõ'

h.=,sh" ljfm;a; iy fy,a, .%yKh lsÍfï kshñ; Ys,amSh l%u mj;S'

h.=,sh ±óu" ljfm;a; úis lsÍu yd fy,a, úis lsÍu tl ;ek isg

isÿ lsÍu Tng o mqyqKq úh yels h'

fï i|yd Tng ir, l%shldrlïj, fhÈh yels h'

wNHdi 1' mdi,a uÜgfuka meje;afjk úis lsÍï biõ ;=kla ,shkak'

2' úis lsÍï biõ i`oyd Ndú; jk WmlrK nr wkqj fm< .iajd

,shkak'

3' h.=,sh" ljfm;a;" fy,a, ksjerÈj .%yKh lr .kakd wdldrh

fmkajkak'

l%shdldrlu

úl,am fy,a,la ks¾udKh lr tl ;ek isg fy,a, úis lsÍu

mqyqKq jkak'


13l%Svl;aj .=Kdx. j¾Okh

lr .ksuq

iEu l%Svdjlg u kS;s Í;s we;s w;r tu.ska l%Svdj ;=< úkhla yd

idOdrK;ajhla we;s fõ' ;u fm!oa.,sl l%Svd olaI;d fldf;la ;snqK

o iudcfha f.!rjh ,eîug kï Tn wksjd¾fhka u l%Svd kS;s Í;sj,g

fuka u l%Svd wdpdrO¾uj,g o .re l< hq;= h' tfia u l%Svdfõ

ch.%yKhka kS;s Í;sj,ska neyerj ,nd .; fkdyels h'

miq.sh fYa%‚j, § l%Svd kS;s Í;s yd wdpdr O¾u Tn úiska y÷kdf.k

we;s w;r tAjd wkq.ukh lsÍfï jeo.;alu o wjfndaO lrf.k we;'

fuu mdvfuka l%Svd kS;s Í;sj, úldYh" l%Svl;ajh yd ne`ÿKq ksmqK;d

iy l%Svdfõ wdpdrO¾u ms<sn| ;j ÿrg;a ±kqu ,nd .ksuq'

l%Svd kS;s Í;s

l%Svdjla ksjerÈj mj;ajd f.k hdu i|yd mkjk ,o iïu;hka l%Svd

kS;s Í;s kï fõ'

u,, l%Svd yd ixúOdkd;aul l%Svdjkays kS;s m%Odk jk w;r iq¿ l%Svd"

ck l%Svd jeks wfkl=;a l%Svdj, Í;s jeo.;a fldg i,lhs' l%Svdfõ

f.!rjh fuka u l%Svlhkaf.a iqrlaIs;Ndjh kS;s Í;s u.ska wdrlaId

fjhs'

l%Svd kS;s Í;sj, wdrïNh yd úldYh

ñksidf.a úúO l%%shdldrlï weiqre fldg f.k l%Svd ìys ù we;'

l%ufhka jHdma; jq fuu l%Svdjka l,ah;a u md,lhkaf.a wjYH;djka

u; ;j ÿrg;a ;r.ldÍ iajrEmhlska meje;aùug lghq;= lrk ,§'

tfy;a tA ;=<ska wk;=re fyda ðú; ydks úula isÿ úh' thg fya;=j tu

l%Svdjka ;=< iSudjka fkdue;s ùu hs' tAneúka kS;s Í;s ;sîfï wjYH;dj

wjfndaO úh'


123

jd¾;djkag wkqj .%sSl hq.fha § .%Sisfha we;ekaia yd iamdgd fm!r

rdcHhkays meje;a jQ wd.ñl W;aijhkays isÿ lrk ,o l%Svdjka kS;S

Í;sj,g wkql+,j isÿ ù we;' tA w;ßka ls'mQ' 776 .%Sisfha we;ekaia

rdcHfha T,sïmshdys § wdrïN jQ m%:u T,sïmsla Wf<, m%Odk fõ'

13'2 rEmh - merKs hq.fha l%Svd mej;s njg idlaIs

l%ufhka iudcfha ÈhqKqj;a iu. u kj fidhd.ekSï yd w;ayÞ ne,Sï

weiqfrka jq n,mEu fya;=fjka kj kS;s Í;s iïmdokh yd úêu;a ùu isÿ

úh' ;j o úúO rgj, we;s jQ fjkialï yd ;r.ldÍ nj jeä ùu;a iu.

l%Svdj o l%ufhka fjkia ùïj,g ,laj fndfyda l%Svd ixúOdkd;aul

iajrEmhla .kakd ,§' tys § úúO l%Svdjkag wÞ<j Ys,amSh l%u ÈhqKq

jkakg jQ w;r kj l%Svd kS;s Í;S iïmdokh o isÿ úh'

j¾;udkh jk úg u,, l%Svd yd ixúOdkd;aul l%Svdjka md,kh lSßu

i|yd cd;sl yd wka;¾cd;sl l%Svd ix.ï ìys ù we;' tla tla l%Svd

i|yd kS;s Í;s iïmdokh yd ixfYdaOkh ld,hg .e<fmk f,i tu

wka;¾cd;sl ix.ï u.ska isÿ flf¾' tu lghq;= tla tla rgj, § tA

yd ne`ÿKq cd;sl ix.ï u.ska isÿ lrhs'

iuyr ;r.j, ksS;s Í;s wvq w;r úfkdaoldó yd ixialD;sl ,laIKj,ska

iukaú; fjhs' tAjd ck l%Svd hhs y÷kajd È we;' fuys § kS;s Í;sj,g

jvd iduqysl nj" úfkdaoh" úfõlh uq,a lr .;a nj meyeÈ,s h'


l%shdldrlu

Tfí mdif,a ckm%sh u ixúOdkd;aul l%Svdjla f;dardf.k tys

j¾;udkfha mj;sk kS;s Í;s ,ehsia;=jla ilia lrkak'

l%Svl;ajh yd ne`ÿKq ksmqK;d

l%Svlfhl= ukd fm!reIhlska hqla; ùug kï Tjqka ;=< j¾Okh lr

.; hq;= ksmqK;d rdYshls'

kdhl;ajh

Tng l%Svd lKavdhul kdhlfhl= f,i lghq;= lrkakg isÿ jqfKd;a

tA i|yd Tn ;=< ;sìh hq;= l=i,;d rdYshls' bjiSu" lemùu" Ñ;a;fõ.

l<ukdlrKh" lKavdhï ye`.Su" iqyoYS,S nj jeks kdhl;aj .=Kdx.

tA w;r fõ' tfia u Tng l%Svdj ms<sn`oj o kS;s Í;s ms<sn|j o ukd

jegySulaa ;sìh hq;= fõ' ;SrK .ekSfï § Tn nqoaêu;a f,i yd j.lSfuka

hq;=j lghq;= l< hq;= h' kdhlfhl= jYfhka ;u lKavdhfï ÿ¾j,;d

y÷kd .ekSug Tng yels úh hq;= w;r tajdg ksis ms<shï fhdoñka

lKavdhu ch.%yKh lrd f.k hdug ke;fyd;a lKavdhfï uÜgu

fmr ;snqKdg jvd by< uÜgulg f.k hdug iEu W;aidyhla u

±ßh hq;= h' iEu l%Svlfhl=g u tl yd iudkj ie,lsh hq;= w;r

lKavdhfï f.!rjh yd whs;sjdislï wdrlaId lsÍu" ;r.ldß;ajh yd

Wkkaÿj mj;ajd .ekSu kdhlhd f,i Tn i;= j.lSula fõ'

wkq.dñl;ajh

lS%vd lrk úg Tng ks;r u kdhlfhl= hgf;a jev lsÍug isÿ fõ'

kdhlhd hgf;a wruqK bgq lr .ekSu i|yd iyfhda.fhka l%shd lsÍu

wkq.dñl;aj h hs' tys § Tn kdhl;ajhg .re lrñka tu woyia yd

Wmfoia ms<smÈñka Tyq iu. tlg tlaj lghq;= l< hq;= h' tjeks

wjia:dj, § kdhlhdg ksjerÈ ;SrK .ekSug Wmldr lrñka yd ;u

j.lSï ksishdldrj bgq lrñka lKavdhfï wruqKq bgq lr .ekSug

W;aidy l< hq;= fõ'


125

lKavdhï yeÕSu

fï jk úg;a Tn mdif,a úúO lS%vd lKavdhï ksfhdackh lrk

l%Svlfhl= fyda l%Säldjl úh yels h' tys § ish¨ u ;SrK .ekSï lKavdhï

ye`.Sfuka hq;=j lKavdhug mlaIj isÿ l< hq;= hs' l%Svdj, fh§fï § Tn

iu. tlaj l%Svd lrk wks;a wh iu. iyfhda.fhka lghq;= lsÍu

b;d jeo.;a fõ' tfia u lKavdhula f,i l< hq;= iEu ld¾hlg u

WfoHda.fhka yd lemùfuka hq;=j iyNd.s úh hq;= fõ'

wka;¾mqoa., iïnkaO;d

l%Svdj, fh§fï § Tng úúO mqoa.,hka iu. iïnkaO;d meje;aùug

isÿ fõ' l%Svlfhl= jYfhka ;u lKavdhfï i.hka" mqyqKqlrejka"

úksiqrejka yd krUkakka iu. hym;a iïnkaO;d mej;aúh hq;= h'

Tjqka lrk úfõpk bjiSug mqreÿ úh hq;= h' fuu ksmqK;dj j¾Okh

lr .ekSfuka iudcfha úúO mqoa.,hka y÷kd .ekSug yd f;areï

.ekSug yels wfhl= njg Tn m;a fõ'

13'2 rEmh - lKavdhï yeÕSu

13'3 rEmh - wka;¾mqoa., iïnkaO;d


ch mrdch h:d¾:jd§j ms<s.ekSu

l%Svdfõ § flfkl= ch.%yKh lrk úg ;j;a whl=g mrdch ysñ fjhs'

tu ksid ch.%yKh fuka u mrdch o iu is;ska Ndr .ekSug Tng yels

úh hq;= h' ch.%yKfha § wkjYH f,i Woï ùfuka je<lSu;a m%;sjd§

lKavdhï fj; ysßyer fkdlsÍu;a fuys § l< hq;=j we;' tfia u mrdchl

§ ÿl" fldamh jeks Ñ;a;fõ.hka md,kh lr .ekSfï yelshdj;a Tn

i;= úh hq;= h'

Tn ch.%yKhla ,eîu hkq m<uqjekshd ùu u fkdfõ' ;udf.a olaI;dfõ

uÜgu /l .ekSu fyda Bg jvd by< ia:dkhlg hdu ch.%yKhls' Tn

thska i;=gg m;a jkakg mqreÿ jQ úg mrdch ksid ÿlla" fõokdjla we;s

lr fkdf.k ;j ÿrg;a olaI;d j¾Okh lr .ekSug ffO¾j;a jkq

we;' WÞyrKhla f,i óg¾ 100 ;r.h Tn mdif,a § ksu lrkafka

;;amr 13'5 ka hehs is;kak' l,dm ;r.fha § Tng ia:dkhla ysñ

fkdjqK;a Tn ;;amr 13'1 ka ;r.h ksu l<d hhs is;kak' tfia kï

Tnf.a olaI;dj jeä ù we;s neúka tA .ek i;=gq fjñka" Tn ;j;a

ffO¾hj;a úh hq;= fõ'

idOdrK ;r.h

fuh l%Svdfõ f.!rjh /l fok uQ,sl ixl,amhls' flfia fyda ch

.kafkah hk yeÕSu w; yer idOdrK f,i ;r. lr ch .ekSu

l%Svlfhl= jk Tnf.a uQ,sl wfmalaIdj úh hq;= h' jxpd" ¥IK" /jàï

13'4 rEmh - ch mrdch h:d¾:jd§j ms<s.ekSu


127

yd ;r. mdjd §ï lsis úgl;a fuys § fkdúh hq;= hs' fu u.ska wfkla

l%Svlhkag YdÍßl" udkisl mSvdjla we;s fkdjk w;r Tn ;=< jákd

wdl,am we;s ùu;a isÿ fõ'

l%Svd wdpdr O¾u ^Ethics in sport&

zzl%Svd kS;s Í;s ksis mßÈ mj;ajdf.k hdug wjYH .=K O¾u" iïm%odhka

yd hym;a yeisÍï l%Svdfõ wdpdr O¾u f,iska y; fY%a‚fha § bf.k

.;a;d Tng u;l o@

wdpdr O¾uj,g .re lrk l%Svlfhl= iudcfha ;ud weiqre lrk

ish,a,kaf.a u m%Yxidjg ,la fjhs' iudcfha § o hym;a .=Kdx. iy

yelshd j¾Okh ùu;a iÞpdrj;a nj we;s lr .ekSu;a fï u.ska isÿ

fjhs'

tfia l%Svlfhl= úiska ms<smÈkq ,eìh hq;= wdpdr O¾u ms<sn|j ±ka wms

i,ld n,uq'

13'5 rEmh - l%Svd wdpdr O¾u


kS;s Í;sj,g .re lsÍu

l%Svd ;r.j, § kS;s Í;s jvd;a fyd`Èka ms<smÈñka Ys,amSh l%u yd Wml%u

fhdÞ .kakd úYsIaghka we.hSug ,la fõ' kS;s Í;s lv lsÍfuka Tyqg

fyda wehg tu ;r.fhka bj;a ùug fuka u ;r. ;ykulg ,la ùug

jqj o isÿ úh yels h' fï wkqj Tn úiska kS;s .rel ùu wksjd¾hfhka

u isÿ l< hq;=j we;' fï ;=<ska iudc kS;s Í;s ms<sme§ug mqreÿ ùug;a

kS;s .rel mqrjeisfhl= njg m;a ùug;a Tng yelshdj ,efí'

úksYaphg .re lsÍu

Tn l=uk lS%vdjl fhÿk;a ;r. wdrïNfha isg wjidkh olajd u

úksYaphlrejka iu. wdpdrYS,Sj lghq;= l< hq;= fõ' iqyoYS,Sj

Tjqkaf.a fiajh w.h l< hq;= fõ' ;u jrola fmkajd ÿka úg th iqyoj

ms<s.ekSu;a úksiqref.a jerÈ ;SrKhla fmfkkafka kï lKavdhfï

kdhlhd u.ska kS;Hkql+,j woyia bÈßm;a lsÍu;a Tng l< yels h'

m%;sjd§kag .re lsÍu

Tn iu. ;r. lrk wksl=;a l%Svlhka m%;sjd§ka f,i ye¢kafõ' m%;sjd§

l%Svlhka iu. ñ;%YS,Sj lghq;= l< hq;= w;r lsisúfgl;a Tjqka iu.

.egqï we;s lr fkd.; hq;= h' Tjqkaf.a olaI;d w.h lsÍug ;rï Tn

ksy;udkS úh hq;= w;r m%;sjd§kag jqj o wjYH wjia:dj, § Wmldr

l< hq;= h' l%Svdj udkisl i;=g yd hym; i|yd isÿ lrk fohla nj

Tn u;lfha ;nd .; hq;= fõ'

13'6 rEmh - m%;sjd§kag .re lsÍu


129

krUkakkag .re lsÍu

krUkakkag l%Svlfhl= flfrys f.!rjh yd m%idoh we;s jkafka

olaI;dj fuka u Tjqka ;=< we;s wdpdrYS,SNdjhghs' fm%alaIlhka

;ukaf.a m%sh;u l%Svlhka yd tlaj l;d lsÍug" w;aika ,nd .ekSug

m%sh lrkq Tn ±l we;' krUkakkaf.a is;a i;=gq fjk f,i ksy;udkS

j lghq;= lsÍu l%Svlfhl= i;= fyd| .=Kdx.hls' l%Svd lsÍfï § Tng

T,ajrika fok" w;a mqä .iñka Tnj Èßu;a lrk ñ;=rka" foudmsh ka we;=¿

krUkakka iu. hym;a iïnkaO;d mj;ajd .kak'

udOHfõ§kag .re lsÍu

udOH u.ska l%Svlhkaf.a olaI;d yd Tjqka ms<sn| f;dr;=re l%Svd f,da,Ska

fj; bÈßm;a flf¾' tfia u we;eï úg Tjqkaf.a l%shdldrlï l%Svlhskaj

wmyiqjg m;a lrjhs' fï lskï wjia:djl § jqj o udOHfõ§ka iu.

wdpdrYS,Sj lghq;= lsÍug l%Svlhka j. n,d .; hq;= h' wjia:djg

wkqj nqoaêu;aj yd bjiSfuka lghq;= l< hq;= w;r Tjqkaj fkdi,ld

yeÍï yd Wmydihg ,la lsÍï fkdl< hq;= h'

mqyqKqlreg" .=rejrhdg .re lsÍu

Tnf.a mqyqKqlre ke;fyd;a .=rejrhd Tn i;= olaI;d TmuÜgï lr

Tnj id¾:l;ajh lrd f.k hhs' Tjqka iu. iqyoYS,S úh hq;= w;r

Tjqkaf.a wjjdo wkqYdikd ms<s.; hq;= h' Tng yels wdldrfhka

13'7 rEmh - krUkakkag .re lsÍu


lemùfuka hq;=j lghq;= lsßfuka Tjqka ;=< Tn flfrys m%idohla we;s

jkq we;' lsisúfgl;a Tjqka wNsnjd lghq;= fkdlrkak'

l%shdldrlu

kS;s Í;s yd wdpdr O¾uj,g .relrñka l%Svdj ;=< l%Svlhka

lS¾;shg m;a jQ wjia:dj,g WÞyrK imhkak'

l%Svd kS;s Í;s iy wdpdr O¾u ms<s.ekSfuka ,efnk jdis

• l%Svdfõ f.!rjh wdrlaId ùu

• ;r. úksYaph myiq ùu

• iduh wdrlaId ùu

• .eg¨ ksrdlrKhg myiq ùu

• ch mrdch iuj ú`§ug

Yla;sh ,eîu

• ñ;%;ajh j¾Okh ùu

• tluq;= nj j¾Okh ùu

13'10 - rEmh ñ;%;ajh j¾Okh ùu

13'8 rEmh - mqyqKqlrejka" .=rejreka iu. iyfhda.fhka lghq;= lsÍu


131

idrdxYh

ffoksl l%shdldrlï yd wd.ñl W;aij Tiafia l%Svdjka ks¾uKh jQ

w;r tys ;r.ldÍ iajNdjh jeä jk úg ks;s Í;sj, wjYH;dj o mek

ke.=‚' tA wkqj l%Svdjla ksjerÈj mj;ajdf.k hdug l%Svd kS;s Í;s

jeo.;a úh'

f,dalfha úúO rgj, we;s jQ ixj¾Okh;a ;r.ldÍ nj jeäùu;a iu.

l%Svdfõ jHdma;sh isÿ jQ w;r kj kS;s Í;s iïmdokh o isÿ úh'

j¾;udkh jk úg iïu; l%Svd ioyd Bg wÞ< wka;¾cd;sl ix.ï

u.ska ld,dkqrEmSj kS;s Í;s ixfYdaOkh isÿ fjhs'

kdhl;ajh" wkq.dñl;ajh" lKavdhu yeÕSu" wka;¾mqoa., iïnkaO;d

yd ch mrdch h:d¾:jd§j ms<s.ekSu l%Svl;ajh yd ne÷Kq Tn úiska

ÈhqKq lrkq ,eìh hq;= ksmqK;djka h'

kS;s Í;sj,g" úksYaphg" mqyqKqlrejkag" .=rejrekag" m%;sjd§kag"

idudðlhkag" krUkakkag yd udOHfõ§kag .re lsÍu l%Svd wdpdr

O¾u fõ'

wNHdi 1' l%Svd kS;s Í;s wdrïN lsÍug fya;= jQ idOl fudkjd o@

2' l%Svl;ajh iu. Tn ;=< ixj¾Okh jk ksmqK;d fudkjd o@

3' hym;a l%Svlfhl= i;= úh hq;= ls%Svd wdpdr O¾u olajkak

4' l%Svd kS;s Í;s yd wdpdr O¾uj,g wkq.; ùfuka Tng ,efnk

jdis i|yka lrkak

132 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs

14wdydrj, fmdaIK .=Kh

/l .ksuq

wdydr hkq uQ,sl ñksia wjYH;djls' fi!LH iïmkak Èúfmfj;la

i|yd flfkl= f;dard .kakd wdydr úYd, jYfhka n,mEï we;s lrhs'

YÍrfha l%shdldß;ajhg iß,k wdydr fkd,efnk úg ukaofmdaIKh;a"

wkjYH ;rï wêlj wdydr .kakd úg wêfmdaIKh;aa we;s fõ' tu

ksid mjq,l iEu iudðlfhl= u iun, wdydr fõ,la .; hq;= h'

wdydrj, wvx.= úh hq;= fmdaIH mÞ¾:" fmdaIK .eg¨" wdydr msróvh"

fi!LHj;a wdydr ,nd .ekSu i|yd ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= wx. wdÈh

ms<sn| fï jk úg Tn bf.k f.k we;'

fuu mdvfuka" mjqf,a fmdaIK wjYH;d" hym;a fmdaIKhg we;s jk

ndOd" wdydr f;dard .ekSfï § ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= lreKq" fmdaIK .=Kh

/flk mßÈ wdydr mßfNdackh iy l,a ;nd .ekSu ms<sn| yeoEÍug

Tng wjia:dj ,efnkq we;'

mjqf,a fmdaIK wjYH;d

iEu mjqf,a idudðlfhl=g u iun, wdydr fõ,la wjYH fõ' iun,

wdydr fõ,la hkq uyd fmdaIl jk ldfndayhsfâ%Ü" fm%daàk yd fïoh

wvx.= wdydr o laIqø fmdaIl jk úgñka yd Lksc ,jK wvx.= wdydr

o" ;ka;=uh wdydr o mqoa.,hdf.a wjYH;djg iß,k m%udKhkaf.ka

wvx.= jk wdydr fõ,ls'

wdydrj,ska flfrk m%Odk ld¾hhka iy ta i|yd jeo.;a jk wdydr

j¾. my; ±la fõ'

1' Yla;sh ,nd §u

Yla;s ckl wdydr - lfndayhsfâ%Ü ^msIaGh& iys; wdydr

fïoh iys; wdydr

fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs 133

2' YÍr j¾Okh

j¾Ol wdydr - fm%daàk iys; wdydr

3' frda.j,ska wdrlaId lsÍu

wdrlaIl wdydr - úgñka" Lksc ,jK

by; i|yka tla tla fmdaIldx.j,ska wjYH m%udKh jhi wkqj

fjkia fõ'

wdydr jÜfgdare ieliSu

mjq,l wdydr ms<sfh, lsÍfï § mjqf,a tla tla whf.a —fmdaIK

wjYH;d˜ wkqj wdydr jÜfgdare ms<sfh, l< hq;= fõ' tA i|yd .Dys‚h

wjfndaO lr .; hq;= lreKq rdYshls' tA w;r jeo.;a idOl lsysmhla

my; i|yka fõ'

1' mjqf,a idudðlhkaf.a jhi

2' fi!LH ;;ajh

3' ia;%S mqreI Ndjh

4' tÈfkÞ l%shdldÍ nj WÞ ( fjfyi ù jev lsÍu

5' úfYaI wjYH;d we;s wjê yd j¾Ok wjê WÞ( .¾Ns‚ ld,h

uõ lsß fok ld,hfrda.S wjia:d

6' reÑl;ajh

7' jrlg .; yels wdydr m%udKh

l%shdldrlu

wdydr wjYH;d fjkia ùug fya;= jk" ksjfia idudðlhka w;r ±lsh yels fjkialï fudkjd o@


mjqf,a fmdaIK wjYH;djg wkqj wdydr jÜfgdare ieliSfï § Wfoa"

Èjd yd rd;%s wdydr fõ,a ;=kla o w;sf¾l wdydr fõ,a folla o ksjerÈj

ieliSu jeo.;a fõ'

wdydr ms<s.ekaùu

ms<sfh, lrk ,o fyda ilik ,o wdydrhla mßfNdackh i|yd

flfkl=g ,nd §u ms<s.ekaùu f,i woyia fõ' fi!LHdrlaIs;j ms<sfh,

lr .;a wdydr ms<s.ekaùu lrk wdldrh b;d jeo.;a fõ'

14'3 rEmh - rd;%s wdydr fõ,a lsysmhla

14'2 rEmh - Èjd wdydr fõ,a lsysmhla

14'1 rEmh - Wfoa wdydr j¾. lsysmhla


wdydr ms<s.kajkq ,nk ia:dkh b;d msßisÿ ùu yd m%shukdm ùu o

i;=kaf.a ydks yd ueiaikaf.a ysßyer fkdue;s ùu o jeo.;a fõ' Bg

wu;rj wdydr ms<s.ekaùfï § ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= lreKq lsysmhla we;'

wdydr ms<s.ekaùfï § ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= lreKq

1' wdydrfha fmkqu

wdydr reÑh we;s lsÍug wdydrfha fmkqu b;d jeo.;a fõ' wdydrfha

fmkqu /l .ekSug kï tAjdfha iajdNdúl j¾Kh yd kejqï nj wdrlaId

jk mßÈ wdydr ms<sfh, lr .; hq;= fõ' wdydr wêl f,i ne§ug"

;eïîug ,la ùfuka o" wkjYH f,i lr ùfuka yd ue,ùfuka o tys

fmkqu úkdY fõ'

2' wdydrfha m%ikak nj

ÿgq mu‚ka is;a weo.kakd iq¨ j¾Khla mej;Ssu;a" iqj| yd rih;a"

n÷kaj, ;;ajh;a" ms<s.kajd we;s wdldrh;a wkqj wdydrfha m%ikak

nj mj;ajd .; yels h' úúO msiSfï l%u Ndú;h" úúO j¾K mj;ajd

.ekSu reÑh we;s jk wdldrfhka ilia lsÍu" rih yd iqj| jeä lsÍu"

.e<fmk m%shckl n÷kaj, weisÍu wdÈh u.ska wdydrhg m%ikak njla

,nd Èh yels h'

14'4 rEmh - úúO j¾K iys; ùu


3' wdydrh ms<s.kajk ms<sfj<

ms<sfh, lr .;a wdydr fjk fjk u Ndckj,g oud w,xldrj yd

l%uj;a j ilia lr .;a lEu fïihl § ms<s.ekaùu u.ska" wdydr reÑh

jeä fõ' mjq,la tlaj wdydr .ekSu mjqf,a iu`.sh" tlsfkld w;r

ne£u iy wjfndaOh we;s ùug;a" iqyo;dj jeä lr .ekSug wjia:dj

,eîug;a fya;= fõ'

ms<s.kajkq ,nk wdydr j¾.h iy wjia:dj wkqj ms<s.ekaùfï wdldr

fjkia fõ'

WÞ(

1' f;a fyda îu j¾. nkafoaishla u; ;ndf.k f.dia ms<s.ekaùu

2' m%Odk wdydr fõ,a lEu fïih u; ;nd ms<s.ekaùu - fuys § tla tla wjia:djg wÞ<j lEu fïih fjkia lr ms<sfh, l< hq;= fõ'

14'5 rEmh - nkafoaishl ;nd ms<s.ekaùu

14'6 rEmh - lEu fïih u; ;nd ms<s.ekaùu


3' frda.sfhl= i|yd wdydr ms<s.ekaùu - fuys § frda.shdf.a fi!LH ;;ajhg .e<fmk mßÈ frda.shdg myiq jk f,i;a" wdydr reÑhla we;s jk f,i;a ms<s.ekaúh hq;= h'

14'7 rEmh - frda.Skag wdydr ms<s.ekaùu

4' wdydrfha fi!LHdrlaIs; nj

ksjfia § b;d msßisÿj ilid .kakd wdydrh úYajdifhka hq;=j

mßfNdackh l< yels h' ieliQ wdydrh ¥IH ùu je<elaùug my;

lreKq ms<sn|j wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;= fõ'

² ueiaika" lerfmd;a;ka" óhka" yQkka" l=re,a,ka yd ksjfia we;s lrk

n<¨ka" n,a,kaf.ka o wdydr wdrlaId lsÍu i|yd fyd¢ka jid ;eîu

² wdydr ms<s.kajk n÷ka" ye¢ wdÈh msßisÿj ;nd .ekSu

² wdydr j¾.hg .e<fmk n÷ka Ndú;h

WÞ( wdï,sl wdydr i|yd f,day n÷ka Ndú;h kqiqÿiq h'

5' iajia:;d mqreÿ wkq.ukh

wdydr ms<s.ekaùug fmr oE;a inka fhdÞ fia§u iy msßisÿ we÷ïj,ska

ieriS isàu jeo.;a fõ'


6' wdydrfha m%udKj;a nj

wdydr ms<s.ekaùfï § m%udKj;a nj ms<sn| ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= h'

mjqf,a idudðlhkaf.a m%udKh yd wjYH;dj wkqj tA tA wdydr m%udKh

ielish hq;= fõ' jeäfhka ieliqjfyd;a b;sß jQ wdydr l,a ;nd f.k

kej; wdydrhg .ekSfï § fmdaIK .=Kh ydks fõ' tfuka u frda.

we;s ùug o fya;= fõ'

7' fïi mqreÿ

fïih u; wdydr mßyrKhg wjYH ye¢" msÕka" w;a msiakd" ùÿre" wdÈh

;nk ms<sfj<la mj;S' fuh ngysr fyda foaYSh l%uhg ilia l< yels h'

wdydr ms<s.ekaùfï § fuka u wdydr .ekSfï§ o wkq.ukh lrk fïi

mqreÿ Tn bf.k .; hq;= fõ'

l%shdldrlu

Tn m%dfhda.sl ;dlaIK l=i,;d úIfha § bf.k f.k we;s fïi mqreÿ bÈßm;a lrkak'

14'8 rEmh - fïi mqreÿ


wdydrj, fmdaIK ;;ajh kxjd,Sug .; yels ls%hd ud¾.

³ wd¾Ól uÜgug .e<fmk mßÈ ´kE u mjq,lg ;u fmdaIK wjYH;d

imqrd .ekSfï l%shd ud¾. we;' tl u fmdaIH mÞ¾:h ,nd .ekSug

ñ, wêl wdydr fuka u ñ, wvq wdydr o fj<| fmdf<a ±lsh yels h'

tfia u wvq úhoulska ,nd .; yels iajdNdúl" fmdaIŒh wdydr j¾.

o rdYshls'

WÞ (-

- f,dl= ud¿ jeä ñ,la § ,nd .ekSsu fjkqjg fmdä ud¿ wvq ñ,la §

,nd .ekSfuka jeä fmdaIK w.hla ,nd .ekSug yels fõ' fm%daáka

jeks fmdaIlj,g wu;rj fmdä ud¿kaf.a lgq wdydrhg .ekSfuka

Lksc ,jK ^le,aishï& wdÈh o ,efí' tA wkqj fmdä ud¿ fmdaIK

.=Kfhka jeä h'

- wdkhkh lrk wem,a" fÞvï" ñÈ wdÈhg m,;=re l,a ;nd .kakd

ridhksl øjH tl;= lrk wjia:d we;' jeä ñ,la § wem,a" ly

fÞvï" T,sõ wdÈh wkqNjh fjkqjg Bg jvd fmdaIH .=Kfhka b;d

jeä fjr¿" kdrx" w,s.egfmar" fo¿ï" ,djq¿" fmar wd§ ñf,ka wvq

fyda f.j;af;a jefjk m,;=re ,nd .; yels h' fïjdfha fmdaIK

.=Kh o wêl h'

- fjf<|fmdf<a m,d j¾. ñ, § .ekSu fjkqjg f.j;af;a j.d lr .;a

m,d j¾. lsysmhlska ñY% ue,a¨ula idÞ .; yels h' th fmdaIKfhka

wêl h' tfuka u ridhksl øjH wvx.= fkdjk w;r" kejqï h'

- jeä ñ,la f.jd fjf<|fmdf<ka msá lsß melÜ ñ, § .ekSu fjkqjg

kejqï t<lsß fyda Èhr lsß Ndú; l< yels h'

³ ms<sfh, lsÍfï úúO l%u wkq.ukh lsÍu u.ska o wdydrj, fmdaIK

;;ajh kxjd,Sug yels fõ'

WÞ (

- wdydr j¾. lsysmhla tl;= lr msiSu - y;aud¿j" Wmamqud"

le| j¾." ksú;s iu. fldia weg" mßmamq iu. idrK" uqx lsßn;a

t<j¿ i,do

- m,d j¾. lsysmhla tl;= lr ue,ùu - ñY% ue,a¨u

- m,d j¾. i|yd foys" Wïn,lv" fmd,a wdÈh tl;= lsÍu

- j¾Kh fjkia fkdjk f,i t<j¿ msiSu

- yels wdydr wuqfjka wdydrhg .ekSu- lerÜ" f.dgqfld<


³ ks¾udxY wh ;udf.a fmdaIK wjYH;d msßuefik mßÈ wdydr ilid

.; hq;= h'

WÞ(

- msh,s fNda. OdkH j¾. iu. ñY% lr wdydrhg .ekSu

- weg j¾. iu. ksjqvq iy,a Ndú;h

- y;=" fgda*q jeks wdydr Ndú;h

³ iq,n wdydr j¾. wdydr ysÕ ld,j, § Ndú; lsÍu i|yd l,a ;nd

.ekSfï úúO l%u fhdÞ .kSs' tu.ska wdydr kdia;sh wju lr fmdaIKh

jeä lr .; yels fõ'

WÞ (

- cdä - je,sfldia weg

- wgq fldia - ¨Kq foys

³ óg wu;rj f.j;a; iliqrejï f,i Ndú; lrñka mjqf,a fmdaIK

wjYH;d imqrd .ekSug W;aidy l< hq;= h' tuÕska kejqï msßisÿ"

iajdNdúl wdydr ,nd .ekSug yels fõ' tfuka u wd¾Ól uÜgug o th

jdisÞhl fõ'

WÞ (

- fmdaÉÑj, t<j¿ jeùu

- m,;=re isgqùu

- f.dgqfld< jeks m,d j¾. isgqùu

wdydrj, fmdaIK ;;ajhg ydks we;s jk wjia:d

wdydr ksIamdokfha isg mßfNdackh olajd úúO wjia:dj, § wdydrfha

fmdaIK .=Khg ydks isÿ úh yels h' fuh j<lajd .ekSug kï tu

wjia:dj, § ydks isÿ jk wdldrh wm ±k isáh hq;= h'


1' wdydr ksIamdokfha § ydks jk wjia:d

f.dúìu ;=< § fuka u l¾udka;Yd,d ;=< § o wdydrj, fmdaIK

;;ajh ydks ùug bv we;'

f.dúìï ;=< § ydks jk wjia:d

² ridhksl fmdfydr m,sfndaOkdYl wdÈh wêl f,i fyda M,Þj

fk<Sug wdikakj fh§u

² lDñka" f,akqka" l=re,a,ka" W!reóhka" mKqjka jeks i;=kaf.ka ydks

isÿ ùu

l¾udka;Yd,d ;=< § ydks jk wjia:d

² lD;s%u rildrl" j¾Kldrl yd l,a;nd .ekSfï øjH m%ñ;shlska

f;drj Ndú;h

² ksIamdokhg Ndú; lrk wuqøjH wmsßisÿ ùu

² fiajl fiaúldjka fm!oa.,sl iajia:;dj mj;ajd fkd.ekSu

2' wdydr m%jdykfha § ydks jk wjia:d

² m%jdyKh i|yd weisÍfï § megùfï § yd nEfï § ksis l%ufõo fhdÞ

fkd.ekSfuka wdydr ;e<Su"fmdä ùu" iSÍu

² wdf,dalh yd jd;dY%h ksis f,i fkd,eîfuka wdydr ;eïîu"

nelaàßhd" mqia j¾. iE§u yd krla ùu

² wjYH WIaK;ajh /l fkd.ekSfuka wdydr krla ùu

WÞ( fhda.Ü" ólsß" ud¿" uia" i|yd

² ksis f,i wdjrKh fkdlsÍu ksid úIîc" wmøjH wdydrhg tl;=

ùu

14'9 rEmh - wdydr m%jdykh


3' wdydr .nvd lsÍfï § ydks jk wjia:d

² l,a bl=;a ùfï Èkh fkdi,ld wms<sfj<g wdydr .nvd lsÍu ksid

wdydr kdia;s ùu yd krla ùu

² .nvd lsÍfï § óhka" lerfmd;a;ka" .=,a,ka" fõhka wd§ i;=kaf.ka

wdydrj,g ydks ùu

² kshñ; WIaK;ajh mj;ajd fkd.ekSu

WÞ ( úÿ,sh msßueiSsu i|yd YS;lrKh ls%hd úrys; lsÍu

² wdydr" j¾. wkqj fjka lr fkdweisÍu

WÞ ( uia- ud¿ " whsial%Sï tlg weisÍu

wdydr iu. fnfy;a j¾." úI øjH tlg .nvd lsÍu

4' wdydr ieliSfï § ydks jk wjia:d

² l,a bl=;a jQ" m¿ÿ jQ" mqia ne÷Kqq" krla jQ wdydr Ndú;h

² t<j¿" w¾;dm,a" m,d j¾. lmd fia§u ksid fmdaIH øjH úkdY ùu

² wdydr fndfyda fõ,djla msiSu

² tl u f;f,ys kej; kej; ne§u

² wdydr j¾.hg fkd.e<fmk n÷ka Ndú;h

WÞ( wÉpdre i|yd we¿ñkshï n÷ka

² wdydr msiSfï§ ksjerÈ l%u wkq.ukh fkdlsÍu

WÞ ( u[afØlald mshk újD; lr ;eïìh hq;= h'

² wdydr ilik wh fm!oa.,sl iajia:;dj mj;ajd fkd.ekSu

14'10 rEmh - wdydr .nvd lsÍu


l%shdldrlu

wdydr ilia lsÍfï § wkq.ukh l< hq;= fi!LHdrlaIs; mqreÿ ,ehsia;=jla ilikak'

5' wdydr mßfNdackfha § ydks jk wjia:d

² l,a bl=;a jQ" krla jQ" mqia ne÷Kq fyda m¿ÿ jq wdydr mßfNdackh

² Ë‚l wdydr iy ksire wdydr Ndú;h

² ridhksl øjH fh¥ wdydr Ndú;h

l%shdldrlu

Ë‚l wdydr yd ksire wdydr mßfNdackh fkdl< hq;af;a wehs ±hs fidhd n,d i|yka lrkak

wdydr f;dard .ekSfï § ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= lreKq

1' ksIamdÈ; Èkh" l,a bl=;a jk Èkh" wvx.= øjH iy m%ñ;Skag wkql+,

ùu

2' weiqrefï iajNdjh

3' rih" j¾Kh" .| iqj| yd ndysr fmkqu

4' kejqï nj

by; i|yka lreKq ms<sn| i,ld n,d fi!LHj;a wdydr j¾. f;dard

.ekSug wm ±kqj;a úh hq;= fõ'

krla jQ m,;=rej," ud¿j, j¾Kh fjkia fõ' krla jQ fndfyda wdydr

ÿ¾.kaOfhka hqla; fõ' wdydrj, rifhka tys ridhk øjH wvx.=

ùu" l,a bl=;a ù ;sîu wdÈh y÷kd .; yels h' wdydrj, kejqï nj o

j¾Kfhka y÷kd .; yels fõ'

tfia jqj o we;eï wjia:dj, § iajdNdúl j¾Kh lD;s%uj o ,nd §u

fj<|dfï § isÿ flfrk neúka wdydr f;dard .ekSfï § Tn nqoaêu;a

úh hq;= h'


meyeh" yevh fjkia ùu" isÿre ùu" ,m we;s ùu" yels<Su wd§ lreKq

i,ld wdydrj, ;;ajh tys fmkqfuka o ;SrKh l< yels fõ'

weiqreï ;e,S" msïî" leã fyda bÍ ;sfí kï tys wvx.= wdydr mßfNdackhg

kqiqÿiq fõ'

ksIamdÈ; Èkh yd l,a bl=;a ùfï Èkh mÍlaId lsÍu;a" wys;lr øjH

wvx.= fkdùu;a" m%ñ;s iy;sl ;sîu;a u.ska wdydrfha .=Kd;aul ;;ajh

;SrKh l< yels fõ'

flá ld,hl § mßfNdackh i|yd iQÞkï lrk wdydrj, jeämqr

f;,a yd iSks wvx.= jk neúka jeä Yla;s m%udKhla ,efnk kuq;a

wfkl=;a fmdaIH mÞ¾: wvqfjka mj;S' tneúka tu wdydr fi!LHhg

ys;lr fkdfõ' laI‚l wdydr ^Fast food& iy ksire wdydr ^Junk food& f,i ye¢kafjk tjeks wdydr mßfNdackh iSud l< hq;= w;r"

fi!LH iïmkak wdydr f;dard .ekSug wm j. n,d .; hq;= hs'

l%shdldrlu

Tfí ksjfia § Tn w;a±l we;s wdydr iïnkaO whym;a ;;aj

my; j.=fõ ,shd olajkak

wdydr j¾.h fmdaIKhg w ys;lr jq

fya;=$ fya;=j

uqyqK§ug isÿ jQ

whym;a ;;ajh

fmdaIK .=Kh /flk mßÈ wdydr l,a ;nd .ekSu

wdydr nyq,j we;s ld,j, § jeämqr we;s wdydr ysÕ ld,h i|yd

wdrlaId lr ;nd .ekSu i|yd úúO l%u wkq.ukh flf¾' tys §

wdydrj, fmdaIK .=Khg ydks fkdjk f,i th isÿ l< hq;= fõ'


14'1 j.=j - wdydr l,a;nd .ekSfï l%u

l,a ;nd .ekSfï l%uh wdydr j¾.h

1 úh<Su - ysre rYañfhka$

fmdarKqj, nyd$ .sks;dmfhka

2' iSks ±óu-iSks WKqlr oud

3'YS; lsÍu- YS;lrKhl oud

4' ¨Kq ±óu- ¨Kq leg jYfhka

fyda l=vq jYfhka tl;= lsÍu

5' áka lsÍu - msisk ,o fyda msiSug iqÞkï

lrk ,o wdydr øjH ákaj, weisÍu

6' úir úh<kh ^hka;% u.ska úc,kh&

7' ridhk øjH tl;= lsÍu

8' meiagßlrKh yd ðjdKqlrKh

9' je,s hg ;eîu

10' ÿï .eiSu

11' úkdlsß tl;= lsÍu

12' msiSu

13' ó me‚j, nyd ;eîu

14' weiSÍu - mqjla fld< ^fld<fmd;&

fyda flfi,a fld<j,ska wdjrKh

lsÍu

ud¿" t<j¿" fo,a

wgqfldia" ñßia" lrj," lrú," fldia

uÿ¿" u[af[dlald fm;s lmd" foys

^¨Kq foys ±ñu i|yd&

m,;=re" cEï j¾." mqyq,a fodais"

yl=re

lsß" t<j¿" m,;=re" ud¿" uia" ud.ßka

Öia" fhda.Ü" whsia l%Sï

¨Kq - foys" wU" cdä "ì,sx"

fk,a,s

ud¿" m,;=re" lsß" ilik ,o

t<j¿" ilik ,o uia j¾."

fmd,a lsß" fmd,a

msá l< fmd,a lsß" lsß msá

fldaäh,a" cEï" pÜks" fidaia j¾.

Èhr lsß" l,a lsß

foys" fldia weg" u[af[dalald w,

uia j¾." lrj," fldia uÿ¿" f.drld

wÉpdre j¾." ngqfudacq" fidaia j¾.

ud¿ weUq,a ;sh,a" neÿï" ngqfudacq

uia" m,;=re

yl=re" m,;=re


idïm%Þhsl wdydr mqreÿ

wmf.a uq;=ka ñ;a;ka wdydrj, fmdaIK ;;ajh fjkia fkdjk wdldrhg

fyda fmdaIK ;;ajh jeä jk wdldrhg wdydr ilid .ekSug mqreÿ ù

isá njg idlaIs we;' tfia u Tjqyq jeä fmdaIK .=Kfhka hq;a wdydr

;u f.j;af;a u j.d lr .;ay'

Tjqka úiska wdydrj, fmdaIK .=Kh jeä lr .ekSug Ndú; lrk ,o

l%fudamdhhka lsysmhla my;ska ±la fõ'

1' n; msisk úg" fo,a jHxckh idok úg fyda u[af[dlald jHxckh

idok úg uqrex.d fld< fyda je,a ksú;s fld< tl;= lsÍu' fndfyda

úg rïm fld< o tl;= lrhs'

2' iEu W;aij wjia:djl fyda fmdaIKh jeämqr wjYH wjia:djl

y;aud¨j ieliSu

3' wdydr Ô¾K moaO;sfha frda. ^ WordndO" wdydr wreÑh& iqj lsÍug

;eïnqï fydÈ ilid ,nd §u

4' m,d ue,a¨ï idok úg f.j;af;ka ,nd .kakd m,d j¾. lsysmhla

ñY% lr jeä fmdaIKfhka hq;= l<jï m,d ue,a¨u" uqrex.d fld<

ue,a¨u ilid .eksu

5' t<j¿ lsysmhla fhdÞf.k iqma j¾. fyda ñY% jHxck ieliSu

6' idïndre" nqßhdks" fmdka.,a iE§u

7' l=¿nvq Ndú; lsÍu-lrmsxpd" iQÿre" fld;a;u,a,s" bÕ=re" ly" .ïñßia"

f.drld jeks l=¿nvq wdydrj, fmdaIKSh w.h /l .ekSug" Ô¾K

moaO;sfha l%shdldß;ajhg fuka u fi!LH iïmkak njg o bjy,a fõ'

8' ;eïnQ iy,a Ndú; lsÍu


9' le| j¾. f,i neÈ yd,a le|" fld< le`o iy n;a le| Wla yl=re

fyda ls;=,a yl=re iu. mdkh lsÍu

10' l=rlalka fjk;a OdkH iu. ñY% lr ye,m" ;,m" w.a.,d" iy le|

j¾. idÞ .ekSu

11' fldiaj,ska ieliQ wgqfldia" je,sfldia weg iy úh<d .;a fldia

uÿ¿ Ndú;h

13' ¨Kqfoys" wÉpdre j¾." cdä mßfNdackh

l%shdldrlu

Tfí mjqf,a fyda wi,ajeis mßK; jeäysá mqoa.,hkaf.ka

wid ;j;aa idïm%Þhsl" fmdaIHÞhs wdydr ieliqï l%u fidhd

ks¾udKYS,S fmd;a msxpla ilikak'

fmdaIHÞhS flá wdydr

ksire yd laI‚l wdydrj,g úl,am f,i fmdaIHÞhSs flá wdydr

ieliSu Tfí fmdaIKhg ys;lr fõ'

14'11 rEmh

WÞ (

1'wuqt<j¿ lsysmhlska

i,do ie§u

2'kejqï m ,;=re hqI"

m,;=re i,do

3'fhda.Ü$uqojmq lsß

4';eïnQ lv,$uqxweg$

rg lcq


msßisÿ c,h mßyrKh

mjqf,a fi!LHdrlaIs; nj /lSug msßisÿ c,h Ndú;h jeo.;a fõ'

fi,aishia wxYl ishhl WIaK;ajhl W;=rjd ksjd.;a c,h mdkh l<

hq;= fõ' iqÿiq m%ñ;sfhka hq;a c, fmrkhla Ndú; lsÍu o jeo.;a fõ'

<sx c,h Ndú; lrkafka kï tu c,fha fi!LHdrlaIs; nj mÍlaId lr

jd¾;d ,nd .; hq;= hs'

idrdxYh

mjq,la i|yd wdydr jÜfgdare ieliSfï § ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= lreKq

jkafka mjqf,a idudðlhkaf.a jhi" fi!LH ;;ajh" l%shdldÍ nj"

úfYaI wjYH;d" reÑl;ajh" wdydr .kakd m%udKh iy ia;%S mqreI

Ndjh wdÈh hs'

wdydr ms<sfh, lsÍfï § fuka u ms<s.ekaùfï § o fi!LHdrlaIs;

mqreÿ wkq.ukh l< hq;= fõ' wdydr ms<s.ekaùfï § ie,ls,su;a úh

hq;= m%Odk lreKq kï wdydrfha fmkqu yd m%ikak nj ms<s.kajk

ms<sfj<" fi!LHdrlaIs; nj" iajia:;d mqreÿ wkq.ukh" m%udKj;a

nj yd hym;a fïi mqreÿ wdÈh hs'

wdydrj, fmdaIK ;;ajh kxjd,Sug .; yels l%shdud¾. rdYshls'

tA w;r" fmdaIŒh wdydr f;dard .ekSu" ms<sfh, lsÍfï ksjerÈ

l%u Ndú;h" f.j;a; wdydr ksIamdokh i|yd fhdÞ .ekSu" iqÿiq

mßrlaIK l%u Ndú;h wdÈh i|yka l< yels h'

wdydr ksIamdokh" m%jdykh .nvd lsÍu" ieliSu" mßfNdackh hk

wjia:dj,§ wdydrj, fmdaIK .=Kh ydks ùug bv we;s neúka ksjerÈ

l%u wkq.ukh lrñka fmdaIK ;;ajh wdrlaId lr .; hq;= fõ'

fi!LHj;a wdydr f;dard .ekSfï § ri" j¾Kh .| iqj|" ndysr fmkqu"

kejqï nj" weiqrefï iajNdjh" ksIamdÈ; Èkh" l,a bl=;a jk Èkh

wvx.= øjH wdÈh ms<sn| ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= fõ'

fmdaIK .=Kh /l .ekSu i`oyd w;S;fha Ndú; l< úúO idïm%Þhsl

wdydr mqreÿ fndfyduhla mj;S' tfia u wdydr mßrlaIKh i|yd o

úúO l%u fõo Ndú; l< yels h'


wNHdi

yryg

1&wdydrj, fuu ,laIKh ÿgq

mu‚ka wdydr .ekSug leue;a;la

we;s fõ'

2&wdydr fuka u wm YÍrhg wjYH

fohls'

4&mqjla fld< fyda flfi,a mr~e,a

j,ska wdjrKh lsÍu u.ska l,a

;nd .kS'

5&frda.sfhl= i`oyd ilik wdydr

fõ,la fufia úh hq;=h'

mdvu weiqßka my; i|yka m%fya,sldj mqrjkak'

j j

y re

r y

fida

w f;a <

we

r cq

1

5 6

8

4

9

12

11

10

7

2 3

9&wdydr ieliSfï § wjYH

m%udKhg jvd blaujd hdfuka

fndfyda wdydrj,g fufia isÿ

fõ'

10&fuu jhia ldKavh o fmdaIHÞhS

wdydr ,nd .ekSu ms<sn|

ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= h'

12&fïoh nyq, wdydr j¾.hls'


my<g

1&mjq,l idudðlhka i|yd wdydr

jÜfgdare ieliSfï § ie,ls,su;a

úh hq;= idOlhls'

2&c,h wvqfjka mdkh lsÍu ksid

fuu bkaøshhka ÿ¾j, fõ'

3&iQ¾hdf,dalh ,nd.ksñka

iajdNdúlj wdydr

ksIamdokfha fhfoa'

6&wdydrj, iqj| yd rih ,nd

.ekSug fuu Ydlfha fld<

len,s lr ouhs'

7&wdydr lsysmhla ñY% lr

ilid .kakd ,o idïm%Þhsl

iy .=KÞhl wdydrhls'

8&whsial%Sï ksIamdokhg o fjk;a

wdydrj,g o fuu udY fNda.h

fhdÞ .kS'

9&foys" f. drld" ;lald,s

wdÈfhys weUq,a rihg fya;= fõ'

11&úkdlsß tl;= lsÍu fyda

msiSu u.ska ilid .kakd ,o

wdydrhls' l,a ;nd .; yels

h'

ms<s;=re

yryg - 1' j¾Kh 2' j;=r 4' yl=re 5' ir< 9' wmf;a hdu 10' <ud 12' rg lcq

my<g - 1' jhi 2' jl=.vq 3' ;=re 6' rïm 7' y;a ud¿j 8' fidahd weg 9' wï, 11' fudacqq


151

15fi!LHh wdY%s; fhda.H;dj

j¾Okh lr .ksuq

rfÜ Y%u n,ldhg tla úfï iqÿiq jhig t<fUñka isák Tn fi!LHj;a

kj fh!jkfhl= úh hq;= h' fi!LHj;a nj /l .ekSug kï YdÍßl"

udkisl yd iudÔh fhda.H;d ksis mßÈ mj;ajd .; hq;= h' YdÍßl

fhda.H;dj hkq YdÍßl l%shdldrlï id¾:lj isÿ lsÍug wm i;=

yelshdjka h' tu yelshdjka YdÍßl fhda.H;d .=Kdx. f,i ye¢kafõ'

YdÍßl fhda.H;dj olaI;d wdY%s; YdÍßl fhda.H;dj iy fi!LHh

wdY%s; YdÍßl fhda.H;dj f,i fofldgils' fuu fofldgi u úúO

l%shdldrlï u.ska jeä ÈhqKq lr .; yels h'

y;ajk fY%aKsfha § YdÍßl fhda.H;d idOl myla o" tu idOl iajdNdúl

l%shdldrlï weiqfrka jeä ÈhqKq lsÍug iqÿiq l%shdldrlï o tu idOl

uek ne,Su i`oyd fhda.H mÍlaIK o ms<sn`o ±kqula Tn ,ndf.k we;'

fuu mdvfuka tÈfkÞ Ôú;h fi!LHj;aj .; lsÍu i|yd wjYH

—fi!LHh wdY%s; fhda.H;dj˜ hkak y`ÿkd f.k tys idOl ixj¾Okh

lsÍug iqÿiq l%shdldrlïj, ksr; ùfuka fi!LHh wdYs%; fhda.H;dj

jeä ÈhqKq lr .; yels h'

wms WoEik wj§ ù rd;%S kskaog hk f;la u úúO YdÍßl l%shdldrlïj,

fhfouq' fuu YdÍßl l%shdldrlï isÿ lsÍfï § wmg úúO p,k ±laùug

isÿ fõ' wm olajk fuu p,k úúO uÜgïj,ska isÿ flf¾'

fuu l%shdldrlï isÿ lsÍfï § iEu mqoa.,hl=g u tl fia fjfyila

fkd±fka' tla wfhl=g tu l%shdldrlï lsÍu myiq jk w;r' ;j;a

wfhl=g tu ld¾hh lsÍug fjfyila ±Íug isÿ fõ' fufia fjkialï

isÿ jkafka wehs ±hs Tn is;d ne¨jd o? thg fya;= jkafka tla tla

mqoa.,hka i;= YdÍßl fhda.H;dfõ mj;sk fjkialï h'

YdÍßl fhda.H;dj


ye¢kaùfï § wm i|yka l< tÈfkÞ ls%hdldrlï id¾:lj isÿ lsÍug

wm i;= yelshd YdÍßl fhda.H;d .=Kdx. fuka u YdÍßl fhda.H;d

idOl" YdÍßl fhda.H;d ix>gl jYfhka o y`ÿkajhs' fuu YdÍßl

fhda.H;d .=Kdx. úúO jHdhdu lsÍu" úúO l%Svdj, fh§u iy fjk;a

l%shdldrlïj, fh§u u.ska jeä ÈhqKq lr .; yels h'

fi!LHh wdY%s; YdÍßl fhda.H;dj

Tnf.a YÍrh ks¾udKh ù we;af;a moaO;s tAlrdYS ùfuks' fuu moaO;s

tlg tl;= ù l%shd lrk wdldrh wms WÞyrKhla weiqßka i,ld n,uq'

Tn l%Svd msáfha § l%slÜ l%Svd lrk úg mkaÿj we,a,Sug fõ.fhka mkaÿj

foig Èj .sh wjia:djla isys lrkak' Tn ÿjk úg yDo iamkaokh

^.eiau& yd yqiau .ekSfï jdr .Kk jeä fõ' YÍrhg wjYH jeämqr

Tlaiscka m%udKh ,nd .ekSug Yajik jdr .Kk jeä úh' tu Tlaiscka

YÍrh mqrd fõ.fhka fnod yeÍug yDoh fõ.fhkA l%shd;aul ù yDo

iamkaok fõ.h jeä úh'

fi!LHh wdY%s; fhda.H;d idOl hkq" wmf.a tÈfkÞ fi!LH ;;ajh

mj;ajd .ekSug iDcqj Þhl jk idOl fõ'

1' yDohdY%s; ±Ífï yelshdj (cardiovascular endurance)2' fmaYsuh oeÍfï yelshdj ^mascular endurance)3' fmaYsuh Yla;sh ^muscular strength)4' kuH;dj ^flexibility)5' YdÍßl ixhq;sh ^body composition)

by; olajk ,o fi!LHh wdY%s; fhda.H;d .=Kdx." mqoa.,hl=f.a fi!LH

;;ajh hym;aj mj;ajd .ekSug WmldÍ fõ'

fi!LHh wdY%s; YdÍßl fhda.H;d idOl


153

yDohdY%s; ±Ífï yelshdj

fuu fhda.H;dj yDoh yd fmKy¨ wdY%s; ±Ífï yelshdj f,i o ye¢kafõ'

fuh l%Svdfõ § b;d jeo.;a idOlhla fõ' YÍrfha l%shdldß;ajfha §

Tlaiscka Ndú; fõ' wmøjH f,i ldnkavfhdlaihsâ ksmofõ' Yajik

moaO;sh YÍrhg wjYH Tlaiscka ,nd .kshs' tu Tlaiscka YÍrfha

ffi,j,g f.k hkafka reêr ixirK moaO;sh u.sks' wmøjH f,i

msg jk ldnkavfhdlaihsâ ffi,j, isg reêrh u.ska fmKy¨ fj;

f.k f.dia m%Yajdih u.ska fmKy¨j,ska bj;a flf¾' tA wkqj fuu

l%shdj,shg Yajik moaO;sh yd reêr ixirK moaO;sh odhl fõ'

yDohdYs%; ±Ífï yelshdj hkq YdÍßl jHdhdïj, § iy

l%shdldrlïj, § yDoh yd Yajik moaO;sh fyd`Èka l%shd;aul

ù YÍrfha udxY fmaYs fj; jeä Tlaiscka iemhqula ,nd §ug

we;s yelshdjhs'

yDohdYs%; ±Ífï yelshdj j¾Okh lsÍug l%shdldrlï

fuu l%shdldrlï isÿ lsÍfï § yDo iamkaokh idudkH yDo iamkaok

fõ.hg jvd uola jeä úh hq;= h' idudkH yDo iamkaok fõ.fhka

Tnf.a tÈfkod l%shdldrlïj, fldmuK ld,hla ksr; jqj;a th fuu

fhda.H;dj j¾Okhg bjy,a fkdfõ'

tfia kï mhska .uka lsÍfï § läirj uola fõ.fhka weú§u"

tÈfkod l%shdldrlïj,g hka;% iQ;% Ndú; fkdfldg YÍrh fjfyid

tu ld¾hhka bgq lsÍu u.ska fï i|yd wjYH jHdhdu f.or§ u isÿ

l< yels h'

WÞ(

• läirj weú§u

• nhsisl,a me§u

• ye,afï Èùu (Jogging)" fifuka Èùu

• msyskSu

• iajdhq jHdhdïj, ksr; ùu

15'1 rEmh - nhsisl,a me§u


by; l%shdldrlïj, ksr; ùfuka Tnf.a iajik moaO;sh yd reêr

ixirK moaO;sh fyd`Èka l%shd;aul ù fuu fhda.H;d idOlh j¾Okh

fõ'

yDohdY%s; ±Ífï yelshdj j¾Okfhka Tng ,efnk m%fhdack

1' Tlaiscka fnod yeÍu yd Tlaiscka Ndú; lsÍfï yelshdj jeä fõ'

2' YÍßh ;=< l%shdldß;ajh ksid ksmojk wmøjH blaukska msg ùu isÿ

fõ'

3' wvq uykaishlska jeä ld¾hhka m%udKhla bgq lsÍug yels fõ'

4' l%Svd l%shdldrlïj, olaI;d j¾Okh fõ'

5' udkisl i;=g we;s fõ'

6' jeämqr we;s fïoh oykh iy tu.ska nr md,kh ùu'

l%shdldrlu

úkdä myla ye,afï Èùug fmr yd Èùfuka miq yDo iamkaok

fõ.h yd Yajik fõ.h ukskak'

fmaYsuh ±Ífï yelshdj

Tnf.a mdo yd w;a p,kh lrkak' fuu p,kfha § udxY fmaYs l%shd

lrk wdldrh fyd`Èka mßlaId lrkak' WoEik wjÈ ùfï isg kskaog

hk f;la Tnf.a YÍr p,khg fmaYs moaO;sh WmldÍ fõ' fuh È.=

ld,hla lsÍu i|yd fmaYs moaO;sfha ±Ífï yelshdj fyd`Èka j¾Okh

úh hq;= h'

fmaYsuh oeÍfï yelshdj hkq fmaYshlg fydA fmaYs ldKavhlg"

blaukska fjfyig m;a fkdù fyda fjfyi ord .ksñka YÍrfha

p,k jeä fõ,djla mj;ajd .ekSug we;s yelshdj hs'


155

fmaYsuh ±Ífï yelshdj j¾Okh lsÍug l%shdldrlï

fuu l%shdldrlï jeä jdr .Kkla fyda jeä ld,hla ;=< ksr; ùu

jeo.;a fõ' tfia u fuu l%shdldrlï fmaYsj,g nrla ±fkk f,i isÿ

úh hq;= h' tA i|yd Tnf.a YÍrfha nr fhdodf.k fyda wu;r nrla

fhdodf.k isÿ l< yels h'

WÞ (

• l`ÿ ke.Su

• je,af,a Èùu

• mäfm< ke.Su

• úúO mekSfï l%shdldrlïj,

ksr; ùu

• hka;% u.ska flfrk jHdhdu

^wu;r nrla fhdod .ekSu&

• mdmkaÿ" neâñkagka jeks

l%Svdj, ksr; ùu

• È.= fõ ,djla j;af;a W o¨ .Eu"

l=Uqre flàu" or me<Su" ,sf|ka

j;=r we§u jeks l%shdldrlïj,

ksr; ùu

fmaYsuh ±Ífï yelshdj j¾Okfhka Tng ,efnk m%fhdack

1' uykaisfhka f;drj jeä ld,hla hïlsis ld¾hhl fh§ug yelshdj

,efí'

2' wvq fjfyilska jeä ld¾h m%udKhla lsÍfï yelshdj ,efí'

3' l%Svd l%shdldrlïj, olaI;d j¾Okh fõ'

15'2 rEmh - mdmkaÿ l%Svdfõ fh§u

l%shdldrlu

mka;sfha ish¨ fokd lKavdhï follg fnfokak' tla

lKavdhula rjqula idÞ .kak' tu rjqu ;=<g wks;a lKavdhu

meñfKkak' rjqfï isák tla wfhl= ueo isák lKavdhfï

whj l=kaÿfjka mksñka w,a,kak' wiq jQ wh ;r.fhka bj;a

fj;s' l=kaÿfjka mkskakd fjfyig m;a jQ úg rjqu jgd isák

Tyqf.a lKavdhfï fjk;a wfhl= tA i|yd fhduq lrhs'


fmaYsuh Yla;sh

nr bis,Sfï l%Svdj i`oyd bÈßm;a jk l%Svlhkaf.a YÍrfha yevh yd

Tjqkaf.a lemS fmfkk udxY fmaYs Tn ±l we;' Tnf.a w;a yd mdo fuka

fkdj Tjqkaf.a YÍrfha udxY fmaYs fkrd fmaYSkaf.a yevh fyd¢ka

±l .; yels h' fudjqkaf.a fmaYsuh Yla;sh jeä h' nr Wiq,k lS%vlhl=

ch.%yKh lrkafka jeä nrla tiùfuks' jeä nrla tiùu i|yd fmaYsuh

Yla;sh wjYH fõ' tfia u flá ÿr Odjlhkag o mekSï yd úis lsÍï

biõ i|yd bÈßm;a jk l%Svlhkag o fmaYsuh Yla;sh jeo.;a fõ' nr

Tijk /lshdj, kshqla; whg o jeä fmaYsuh Yla;shla wjYH fõ'

tÈfkÞ Ôú;fha § Tng nrla ;,a¨ lsÍug" weof.k hdug fuka u

nrla tiùug o fmaYsuh Yla;sh wjYH fõ'

fmaYsuh Yla;sh j¾Ok lsÍug l%shdldrlï

fuu l%shdldrlï udxY fmaYsj,g jeä nrla ,efnk fia wvq jdr

.Kkla isÿ lsÍu jeo.;a h'

WÞ(

• mekSfï l%shdldrlï

• mqImaia ^Push - ups&• yd*a iafldÜ ^Half - squatt& • WmfoaYlhl= hgf;a nr bis,Sfï l%shdldrlï isÿ lsÍu

• nr biS,Sfï hka;% u.ska lrkq ,nk jHdhdu

• tÈfkÞ Ôú;fha § nr WmlrK ;,a¨ lsÍu" <sf`oka j;=r

we§u" nrla fhdÞ ú,anefrdaj f.k hdu wd§ l%shdldrlï

isÿ lsÍu

fmaYsuh Yla;sh hkq hï ld¾hhla bgq lsÍu i|yd

YÍrfha udxY fmaYsj,ska ksmoúh yels n,h hs'

} fïjd

jvd;a iqÿiq

jkafka jhi

wjqreÿ 17ka miqh'


157

15'3 rEmh - mqImaia 15.4 rEmh - yd*a iafldÜ

fmaYsuh Yla;sh j¾Ofhka Tng ,efnk m%fhdack

1' udxY fmaYs yd reêrkd, fyd¢ka j¾Okh ùu

2' fmaYsj,g reêr iemhqu jeä ùu

3' fmaYs l%shdldß;ajh j¾Okh ùu

4' udxY fmaYsj,ska jeä n,hla ksmoùug yels ùu

5' udxY fmaYsj, ukd fmkqu ksid YÍrhg fyd| yevhla ,eîu

6' l%Svd olaI;d j¾Okh ùu

l%shdldrlu

fofokd ne.ska uqyqKg uqyqK ,d isg f.k w;a,g w;a, ;nd

bÈßhg yd msgqmi oE;a f;rmkak' fuys § fofokdf.a u tl u

me;af;a mdoh bÈßfhka ;nkak'

Tn ðïkdiaála l%Svdj isÿ lrk l%Svl l%Säldjka ±l ;sfí o@ Tjqkaf.a

l%shdldrlï wkqj YÍrh keùu isÿ jkafka l=uk ia:dkhlska±hs Tn

fidhd ne¨jd o@ YÍrh p,kh l< yelafla ikaê ;sfnk ia:dkj,ska h'

kuH;dj


tÈfkÞ Ôú;fha § mqoa.,hkag úúO bßhõj, ksr; ùug isÿ fõ' tA

i|yd YÍrh úúO ikaê Tiafia keùug iy È. yeÍug isÿ fõ' l%Svd

l%shdldrlïj, § o kuH;dj b;d jeo.;a fõ' kuH;dj wvq jqjfyd;a

wmf.a ld¾hlaIu;dj wvq fõ'

kuH;dj hkq ikaêhla yryd jeä mrdihlska p,kh ùug

fyda we§ug we;s yelshdjhs'

kuH;dj j¾Okh lsÍug l%shdldrlï

• úúO wefok iq¨ jHdhdïj,

ksr; ùu

• ðïkdiaála l%shdldrlïj, ksr;

ùu

• fhda. jHhdï lsÍu

• msyskSu

• k¾;kh

• by< we;s fohla .ekSu" ìu

jegqKq hula weys,Su" f.dhï

lemSu" nrla weof.k hdu jeks

tÈfkÞ Ôú;fha l%shdldrlïj,

ksr; ùu

kuH;dj j¾Okh lsÍfuka Tng ,efnk m%fhdack

1' ikaê wdY%s; wdndO wvq fõ'

2' ikaê Wmßu l%shdldÍ uÜgul mj;ajd .ekSug yels h'

3' ksjerÈ bßhõ we;s fõ'

4' iunr;dj we;s fõ'

5' l%svdfõ jeä olaI;d m%o¾Ykh l< yels h'

l%shdldrlu

fomd bÈßhg È.= lr ìu jdä ù l| kud ±;a È.= lr" fomfha weÕs,s ;=vq we,a,Sug W;aidy lrkak'

15' 5 rEmh - csïkdiaála l%shdldrlï


159

YdÍßl ixhq;sh

wfma YÍrh ;ekS we;af;a c,h" fm%daàka" Lksc ,jK" iy fïoh tl;=

ùfuks' YÍrh ;ekS we;s tu øjH fldgia follg fnÈh yels h'

1' fïouh fldgia

2' fïouh fkdjk fldgia

fïouh fldgig YÍrfha ;ekam;a ù we;s fïo mgl wh;a fõ' fïouh

fkdjk fldgig YÍrfha we;s fmaYs" wiaÓ" iu" c,h wdÈh wh;a fõ'

YdÍßl ixhq;sh hkq YÍrh ;ekS we;s úúO fldgiaj, tl;=j hs'

úúO mqoa.,hkaf.a YÍrj, Wfiys yd uyf;ys úúO fjkialï olakg

,efí' uy; YÍßj, iu hg ;ekam;a ù we;s fïo m%udKh jeä h'

flÜgq YÍrj, fïo ;ekam;a ù we;s m%udKh wvq h'

YdÍßl ixhq;sh ksjerÈ m%;sY;hg mej;Su fi!LHj;a njg fya;= fõ'

l%Svlfhl=f.a YdÍßl olaI;d yd YdÍßl ixhq;sh w;r ukd in|;djla

mj;S' YdÍßl ixhq;sh ksjerÈj mj;ajdf.k hdfuka YÍrhg myiqjla

±fkk w;r olaI;d wdYs%; YdÍßl fhda.H;d j¾Okh lr .ekSug th

WmldÍ fõ'

ksjerÈ YÍr ixhq;shla mj;ajd .ekSu i|yd iqÿiq l%shdldrlï

• jhig yd fhfok l%shdldrlïj,g m%udKj;a mßÈ iun, wdydr

,nd .ekSu

• wêl iSks" f;,a" ¨Kq wvx.= wdydr wju lsÍu

• YÍrfha fïoh oykh jk jHdhïj, Èklg wju f,i úkdä 30 la

j;a ksr; ùu

WÞ( fõ.fhka weú§u" fifuka Èùu" iajdhq jHdhdïj, ksr; ùu

k¾;kfha fh§u

• tÈfkÞ f.or jev lghq;=j, läirj" l%shdYS,Sj ksr; ùu

• tÈfkÞ lghq;=j, § hka;% Ndú; fkdfldg tA i|yd ;udf.a Y%uh

jeh lsÍu


• yels iEu úg u mhska .uka lsÍu" mäfm<j,a ke.Su

• úfõlh yd kskao ksis f,i ,nd .ekSu

• u;a meka yd u;aøjH Ndú; fkdlsÍu

ksjerÈ YÍr ixhq;shla mj;ajd .ekSfï m%fhdack

1' ksis YÍr ialkaO o¾Ylhla mj;ajd f.k hdug yels fõ'

2' fïo m%;sY;h wvq ùu ksid YÍrhg ksis yevhla yd myiqjla ,efí'

3' fnda fkdjk frda.j,ska je<lSug WmldÍ fõ'

4' YÍrh ld¾hlaIuj yiqrejd .; yels fõ'

5' oKysia yd j<¨lr wdY%s; ikaê wdndO wju fõ'

15' 7 rEmh - k¾;kfha fh§u

15' 6 rEmh - fifuka Èùu


161

l%shdldrlu

ßoauhdkql+, ix.S;hlg wkqj k¾;khla fyda jHdhdï ud,djla ks¾udKh lr l%Svd msáfha § tys ksr; jkak'

wNHdi

my; j.=j mqrjkak'

fhda.H;d idOlh fhda.H;d

idOlh

ye¢kaùu

fhda.H;dj j¾Okh

i|yd l%shdldrlï

fhda.H;d j¾Ok

lsÍfuka ,efnk

m%fhdack

yDohdY%s; ±Ífï

yelshdj

fmaYsuh ±Ífï

yelshdj

fmaYsuh Yla;sh

kuH;dj

YdÍßl ixhq;sh

1'

2'

1'

2'

1'

2'

1'

2'

1'

2'

1'

2'

1'

2'

1'

2'

1'

2'

1'

2'

idrdxYh

YdÍßl fhda.H;dfõ tk fi!LHh wdY%s; YdÍßl fhda.H;d idOl wmf.a fi!LH ;;ajh fyd¢ka mj;ajd .ekSu i|yd iDcqj u Þhl fõ'

fi!LHh wdY%s; fhda.H;d idOl kï yDohdYs%; ±Ífï yelshdj" fmaYsuh

±Ífï yelshdj" fmaYsuh Yla;sh" kuH;dj iy YdÍßl ixhq;sh fõ'

úúO l%shdldrlï" jHdhdu" l%Svd iy tÈfkÞ isÿ lrk l%shdldrlï

wdÈfha .e<fmk mßÈ ksr; ùfuka by; i|yka l< tla tla fhda.H;d

idOl jeä ÈhqKq lr .; yels h'


162

16Ôjk ksmqK;d ixj¾Okh

lr .ksuq

mdi,a orefjl= jYfhka Tn weiqre lrk ióm;u iudc mßir fol kï

Tfí mjq, yd mdi,hs' fï mßir fol ;=< § wfkla idudðlhka iu.

ñ;=relñka id¾:lj jev lghq;= lrf.k hdug Tng úúO l=i,;d

wjYH fõ' fï i|yd YdÍßl l=i,;d muKla fkdj ufkda iudÔh

l=i,;d o b;d jeo.;a h' tÈfkÞ Ôú;fha § yuq jk wNsfhda.j,g

fyd¢ka uqyqK §ug wjYH jk yelshdjka jk fïjd Ôjk l=i,;d"

Ôjk ksmqK;d" ufkda iudÔh l=i,;d hk kïj,ska o ye¢kafõ'

yhjk iy y;ajk fY%A‚fha § Tn udkisl yd iudÔh hymeje;aug

fya;= jk fuka u" úúO wNsfhda. ch .ekSug o wjYH jk Ôjk

ksmqK;d rdYshla bf.k f.k we;' tfia u" udkisl fhda.H;dj /l

.ekSu i`oyd Ñ;a;fõ. iunr;dj mj;ajd .ekSfï l%u" Ñ;a;fõ.

iunr;djg n,mdk idOl yd th mj;ajd .ekSfï jeo.;alu;a" ta

i`oyd Tn ;=< j¾Okh l< hq;= Ôjk ksmqK;d;a bf.k f.k we;'

fuu mdvfuka Tn fuf;la y÷kd .;a uQ,sl Ôjk ksmqK;d oyh

w;=ßka" M,ÞhS ikaksfõokh" Ñ;a;fõ. l<ukdlrKh" iylïmkh"

hk l=i,;d fuka u" iudcdkqfhda.h iy lKavdhï yeÕsï o ixj¾Okh

lr .ekSug wjia:dj ie,fia'

Ôjk ksmqK;d

Tfí mdif,a miq.sh ksjdidka;r l%Svd W;aijh isyshg k.d .kak'

fï l%Svd Wf<, i|yd uq¿ mdi, u iyNd.S jQjd fkao@ úúO biõj,

§ ch .kakg we;af;a lsysm fofkl= mu‚' tfy;a iuia;hla jYfhka

.;a l, th uq¿ mdi, u tl;= ù i;=gq jQ wjia:djls' th id¾:l lr

.ekSug Tn we;=¨ wfkl=;a isiqka" .=rejreka yd foudmshka ish,a,kaf.a

u mßY%uh jeo.;a úh' ye, yemamSïj,ska f;drj" ld¾hlaIuj lghq;=


163

lr tu W;aijh id¾:l lr .ekSug fya;= jQ úúO mqoa.,hka i;= Ôjk

ksmqK;d fudkjd±hs wms idlÉPd lruq'

M,ÞhS ikaksfõokh

M,ÞhS ikaksfõokh hkq ;u woyia meyeÈ,sj m%ldY lsÍug;a" wka

whf.a woyiaj,g weyqïlka §ug;a we;s yelshdj fõ'

lKavdhula f,i l%shd lsÍfï § M,ÞhS ikaksfõok yelshdj b;du;a

jeo.;a h' Tn m%ldY l< woyi wka wh f;areï .;a;d ±hs kej;;a

úuid n,kak' Tn lKavdhfï wfkla idudðlhkaf.a woyiaj,g tlÕ

fkdjkafka kï wfkla mqoa.,hdf.a is; fkdßfok wdldrhg th m%ldY

l< hq;= h' .eg¨jla mek keÕs úg iqyoYS,Sj" iDcqj l:d fldg tla ù

úi`ÿï fiúh hq;= h' iuyr wjia:dj, § jpkfhka m%ldY fkdl<;a

wfkla mqoa.,hd wi;=fgka miq jk nj tu mqoa.,hdf.a uqyqfKka"

yeisÍfuka yd wx. p,kfhka Tng f;areï .; yels h' túg tu ;ekg

iqÿiq f,i l%shd l< hq;= h'

úúO lKavdhï l%Svdj, § tu lKavdhïj, idudðlhka ikaksfõokh

lrk wdldrh Tn ±l ;sfí o@ úfYaIfhka fjd,sfnda,a yd l%slÜ l%Svdj,

§ idudðlhka úúO wx. p,k yd úOdk u.ska meyeÈ,sj laI‚lj

m‚jqv yqjudre lr .kakd whqre wmQre h' ;r.h w;r ueo § jqj o

16'1 rEmh - mka;s ldurfha § ikaksfõokfha fh§u


164

.eg¨jla mek kex. úg ;r.h uolg kj;d Tjqyq tlaj idlÉPd

lr;s' kdhlhd wka whf.a woyiaj,g o weyqïlka § ;SrKhla f.k

l%shd;aul lrhs' thg wka ish¨ idudðlfhda iyfhda.h olaj;s' tla

tla iudðlhka ;u ;ks leue;a;g l%shd l<fyd;a l%Svdfõ § th ksh;

mrdchg fya;= fõ'

M,odhS ikaksfõokh iys; wfhl=f.a ,laIK

³ wka whf.a woyiaj,g ijka §u

³ iqyoYS,Sj l:d lsÍu

³ ;u woyia meyeÈ,sj yd iqyoj m%ldY lsÍu

³ wka whf.a woyia Tjqkaf.a yeisÍfuka y`ÿkd .ekSu

l%shdldrlu

Tng mx;sh ;=< mj;ajk Ñ;% m%o¾Ykhla ixúOdkh lsÍug

Ndr ÿkakd hhs is;kak' tys kdhl;ajh f.k wksl=;a ñ;=rka

thg iyNd.s lrjd .ekSug;a" iyfhda.h ,nd .ekSug;a mx;sh

bÈßfha Tn mj;ajk ±kqj;a lsÍfï mqxÑ l;djla ks¾udKh lr

th bÈßm;a lrkak' tla tla whf.a l;dj, wvq mdvq iy tla

úh hq;= lreKq idlÉcd lrkak'

Ñ;a;fõ. l<ukdlrKh

16'2 rEmh - Ñ;a;fõ. l<ukdlrKh i|yd Ndjkd lsÍu


165

Ñ;a;fõ. hkq wm is; ;=< fyda ndysr l%shdldß;ajfha fjkialï we;s

lrk laI‚l udkisl ;;aj fyda is;=ú,s h' úúO wjia:dj, § wmg

i;=g" úkaokh jeks m%ikak Ñ;a;fõ. fuka u ÿl" ;ry jeks wm%ikak

Ñ;a;fõ. o we;s fõ' Ñ;a;fõ.hla we;s jQ wjia:djl § th y`ÿkd f.k

nqoaêu;aj is;d n,d hym;a m%;spdr ±laùu Ñ;a;fõ. l<ukdlrKh hs'

miq.sh fY%aKsj, § Ñ;a;fõ. iunr;dj f,i Tn bf.k .;af;a fuu

Ñ;a;fõ. l<ukdlrKh u fõ'

l%shdldrlu

my; ±lafjk wjia:dj, § Tng we;s jk ye`.Sï iy Tn l%shd

l< hq;= wdldrh olajñka j.=j mqrjkak'

wjia:dj ye`.Su m%;spdrh

WÞ( lKavdhï l%Svd ;r.hl §

wjika ia:dkh ,eîu

ÿl" ,eÊcdj iskduqiqj ch.%dyS

lKavdhug iqn

me;Su" mrdchg

fya;= jQ lreKq

fidhd n,d tAjd

ksjerÈ lr .ekSu

(i) ñ;=frl= wukdm ùu

(ii) Tfnka isÿ jQ w;miq

ùulg .=re;=ñh wjjdo lsÍu

(iii)Tfí nd, fidfydhqrd

yÈisfha wikSm ùu

(iv)úNd.hlska Tng Wiia u

m%;sM, ,eî mx;sfha

m<fjkshd ùu

(v) Tfí mx;sfha isiqfjl=

iuia; ,xld

;r.hlska ch ,eîu

(vi) Tn wirK wfhl=g Woõ lsÍu

(vii).x j;=rg yiq ù Tfí fmd;a

m;a úkdY ùu


166

m%ikak yd wm%ikak Ñ;a;fõ. hk foj¾.h u m%ldY lsÍug yd m%;spdr

±laùug iqÿiq yd kqiqÿiq l%u we;' hï mqoa.,fhl= Ñ;a;fõ. i|yd

m%;spdr olajk wdldrh wjia:dj" fm!reIh" w;a±lSï" jhia uÜgu fyda

Ôj;a jk mßirh wkqj fjkia jk whqre Tn 7 fY%a‚fha § bf.k .;a

whqre u;la lr .kak'

mka;s ldurfha § fyda l%Svdmsáfha § o úúO Ñ;a;fõ. wmg we;s fõ'

ch.%yKfha § i;=g" úkaokh jeks Ñ;a;fõ. o" mrdcfha § ÿl" ,eÊcdj"

;ry jeks Ñ;a;fõ. o" wk;=re fyda wdndO we;s jQ wjia:dj, § fõokdj

jeks Ñ;a;fõ. o we;s úh yels h' ksjdidka;r l%Svd W;aijfha § cjk

yd msáh ;r.j, § ch.%yKh ,enQ isiqka yeisreKq wdldrh u;la

lrkak' w;a by<g Tijd" m%S;s f>daId lrñka" ksjdi Och Tijdf.k

msáh jgd hñka ;ukag iyfhda.h ±lajQ whg wdpdr lrñka Tjqka

;u i;=g m%ldY lrkakg we;' mrdð;hd iuyr úg uq,ska ;u ÿlauqiq

nj uqyq‚ka yd wx. p,kfhka m%ldY l< kuq;a miqj iskyuqiqj

;r. ;SrKh ms<sf.k" ch.%dylhdg w;g w; § iqN m;kakg we;s'

ch.%dylhd iuyr úg zTn;a fyd| ;r.hla ÿkakdZ jeks m%ldYhla

lrkakg we;s' fï hym;a f,i m%;spdr ±laùuls'

mrdch ,enQ whg TÉpï lsÍu" wfkla whg lrorhla jk fia f>daIdldÍ

f,i yeisÍu" ch.%yKh ieuÍug u;ameka mdkh lsÍu yd ch.%dylhd

fyda ;r. ;Srl iu. nyska nia ùu" l%slÜ ms;a; fyda /lÜgqj oud

.eiSu jeks yeisÍï Ñ;a;fõ.j, § whym;a m%;spdr ±laùug WÞyrK

fõ'

ukd Ñ;a;fõ. l<ukdlrKh ;=<ska wka;¾mqoa., in|;d oshqKq ù"

ch mrdch iuj ú| ord .ekSfï yelshdj we;s jk w;r" Tn m%shukdm

mqoa.,fhl= njg m;a fõ'


167

iylïmkh

iylïmkh hkq wka whg we;s jk yeÕSï tA wdldrfhka u f;areï

f.k tu mqoa.,hdg tu yeÕSu ord .ekSug Wmldr lsÍuhs' flfkla

hï lrorhlg fyda ÿllg m;a jQ wjia:djkays § th y`ÿkdf.k Wmldr

lsÍu fyda iykhla ,nd §u iylïmkfha wx. fõ' tfia u i;=gl §

tA wh iu. i;=g fnÞyÞ .ekSu o thg wh;a fõ'

úfõl ld,fha § fiksre" ksfrdaO yd f,dapk l%Svd msáhg f.dia fi,a,ï

l<y' ÿjk w;r;=r § fiksre jeà" k<, .,l je§ f,a .,kakg mgka

.;af;a h' Tyq fõokdfjka y~kakg úh' fï ÿgq wfkla hy¿jka fofokd

Tyq fj;g f.dia Tyq ke.sgqjd ¥ú,s msi ±uqy' —Thdg f.dvla ßfokjd

o@˜ ksfrdaO weiqfõ h' — nh fjkak tmd' fi!LHÞkhg .syska whsia

álla ;sínd u ßÈ,a, wvq fõú˜ f,dapk mejiqfõ h' ñ;=rkaf.a iekis,s

joka weiQ fiksref.a fõokdj o wvq úh' ;sfokd u fi!LHÞkhg f.dia

m%;sldr /f.k kej; mx;shg wdfõ iskduqiq uqyqKqj,sks'

by; wjia:dfõ § wfkla ñ;=rka fofokd l,n,hg fyda ìhg m;a

jQfha kï fyda ñ;=rdf.a fõokdj iuÉp,hg ,la lf<a kï ;=jd, ,;a

isiqjdg iykhla ,efnkafka ke;' wfkla fofokd ñ;=rdf.a fõokdj

f;areï f.k Wmldr lsÍug fhduq ùu ksid ñ;%;ajh ;j;a Yla;su;a

úh'

16'3 rEmh - iylïmkh


168

l%Svd W;aijh w;r;=r § ;r.hlska mrdchg m;a jQ isiqkag wfkla

hy¿jka i,lk wdldrh Tn ±l we;s' msgg ;Ügq lr" Tjqkaf.a W;aidyh

w.h lr" îug hula § Tjqka iu. ld,h .; lr ÿl ;=kS lr .ekSug

Wmldr lsÍu iylïmkh olajk wjia:djls' iylïmkfhka hq;=j

yeisÍu hym;a iudc iïnkaO;d we;s lr .ekSug WmldÍ fõ'

l%shdldrlu

Tfí mx;sfha bf.k .kakd isiqfjl=f.a uj /lshdjla i|yd

úfoaY.; ùu ksid Tyq ÿlska isà' Tyqg Wmldr lrk whqre

myÞ fokak'

by; uq,sl Ôjk ksmqK;dj,g wu;rj my; wx.hka ÈhqKq lsÍu o

udkisl" iudÔh hymeje;aug jeo.;a fõ'

iudcdkqfhda.h

iudcdkqfhda.h hkq ;ud Ôj;a jk iudc mßirhg .e<fmk f,i yev

.eiSu hs' úúO iudc mßirhkays yeisßh hq;= wdldrh yd kS;s Í;s úúO

h' WÞyrKhla jYfhka mdif,a kS;s Í;s yd Tfnka wfmalaId lrk

p¾hdjka ksjfia § fouõmshka Tfnka n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk yeisÍï

rgdjg jvd ;rula fjkia h' fufia ksjfia §" mdif,a §" Wmldrl

16'4 rEmh - mka;s ldurfha mßirhg yev .eiSu


169

mx;sj, §" l%Svd msáfha §" nia r:fha § wd§ úúO ia:dkhkays § tu

ia:dkhg .e<fmk f,i yev .eiSu yd l%shd lsÍu Tnf.a id¾:l;ajhg

fya;= fõ' hym;a .;s mej;=ï" iqyoYS,S ikaksfõokh wd§ ,laIK fï

iEu ia:dkhl § u jeo.;a nj u;l ;nd .kak' lKavdhula f,i

l%shd lsÍfï § tluq;=lu" ch mrdch tl;= ù tl f,i ú`o ord .ekSu"

wfkla idudðlhka Èßu;a lsÍu wdÈh hym;a iudcdkqfhda.fha wx.

fõ'

rejka.s YsIH;aj úNd.h iu;a ù fjk;a mdi,lg we;=<;a jQfha i;=áks'

tkuq;a m<uq i;sfha u wE isáfha uy;a idxldfjks' w¿;a mdif,a ks,

we÷ï" kS;s Í;s fndfyduhls' ksjdi ,dxckh iuyr Èkl me,`§ug

wu;l jqjfyd;a YsIH kdhlhkaf.ka wjjdo ,efí' fmr mdif,a

kï ksjdi ,dxckh me,`Èh hq;af;a ksjdidka;r l%Svd W;aij ld,hg

muKls' tmuKla fkdj mx;sfha isiqka .Kk o fmr isá mdi,g jvd

jeä h' Tjqka ñ;%YS,s jqj;a úfõl ld,hg fi,a,ï lsÍug lsisfjl=

fidhd .ekSug ke;' fojk i;sh mgka .;a úg rejka.s tl u fma<sfha

isá fk;=,s yd ñ;% jqjd h' fk;=,s wehg mdi,a kS;s Í;s ms<snoj lshd

ÿka miq ks, we÷u ms<sno m%Yakh úi`ÿ‚' úfõl ld,hg isiqka fndfyda

fokd ;u ;uka idudðl;ajh ork iñ;s iud.ïj, jev lghq;= i|yd

iyNd.S jk nj fk;=,s rejka.sg mejiqjd h' rejka.s weh;a iu. mßir

ix.ufha jev i|yd Èfkl iyNd.S jQjd h' bka miq wehg o mßir

ix.ufha idudðl;ajh ,nd .ekSug wdYdjla we;s úh' i;s lsysmhla

.; jk úg ;j;a fhfy<shka lsysm fofkla u wehg uqK.eis‚' weh

±ka mdi,a hkafka b;d i;=áks'

by; WÞyrKfhka w¿;a mdi,lg we;=¿ jQ isiqúh tu w¿;a mßirfha

kS;s Í;s yd isiq p¾hdjka y÷kdf.k tu mßirhg iqÿiq f,i yev.eiS

we;s nj Tng f;areï hkakg we;' rejka.s tu mdi,a mßirhg yev

.eiSug W;aidy fkdl<d kï weh mx;sfha yqfol,d ùug bv ;snq‚'


170

lKavdhï yeÕSu

l%Svd W;aijfha § iEu fokdg u cjk yd msáh fyda wfkl=;a ;r.j,g

iyNd.S ùug wjia:djla fkd,efí' tkuq;a ksjdifha yd mdif,a

id¾:l;ajh Wfoid úúO l%shdldrlïj,g isiqyq Þhl fj;s' iuyre

lKavdhï biõ i|yd iyNd.S fj;s' iuyre wdpdr fm<md,shg fyda

irU ixo¾Ykhg iyNd.S fj;s' ;j;a iuyre ksjdi l+vdrï iE§ug o"

wdydr iemhSug o" ixúOdk lghq;=j,g o Woõ lr;s' ish,af,da u ;r.

meje;afjk wjia:dj, § fjkila fkdue;sj ;u ksjdifha ;r.lrejka

Èßu;a lr;s' ch ,enQ wjia:dj, § th i;=áka ú| ord .ekSu o" mrdch

,enQ úg § tlsfkld Èßu;a lr .ekSu o lr;s' uq¿ W;aijfha u

id¾:l;ajh ieu fokdf.a iyNd.s;ajh yd l=i,;d u; r`od mj;S'

kuHYS,S nj" bjiSu" wdpdrYS,S nj" wka whf.a woyiaj,g weyqïlka

§u yd .re lsÍu" iyfhda.fhka lghq;= lsÍu wdÈh fuka u wm by;

bf.k .;a M,Þhs ikaksfõokh" iylïmkh" Ñ;a;fõ. l<ukdlrKh

yd iudcdkqfhda.h o lKavdhï l=i,;d i|yd fya;= fõ'

l%Svd W;aijfha § muKla fkdj mx;s ldurfha § o" lKavdhula f,i

lghq;= lrk iEu wjia:djl § u by; ±la jQ .=Kdx.hka id¾:l;ajh

i|yd bjy,a fõ' f,dalfha ckdorhg m;a jQ ud¾áka ¨;¾ lska.a"

f;f¾id uõ;=ñh jeks mqoa.,hka o id¾:l l%Svlhka ;=<ska o by;

16'5 rEmh - lKAvdhï l%shdldrlï


171

.;s ,laIK olakg ,enq‚' mdif,a § yd l%Svdmsáfha § ÈhqKq lr .kakd

fuu l=i,;d miq l,l § Tng iudcfha § id¾:l mqrjeisfhl= ùug

WmldÍ jkq we;'

idrdxYh

tÈfkÞ Ôú;fha § yuq jk wNsfhda.j,g jvd;a M,ÞhS f,i uqyqK§ug

wjYH jk hym;a p¾hdjka Ôjk ksmqK;d kï fõ'

M,ÞhS ikaksfõokh" Ñ;a;fõ. l<ukdlrKh" iylïmkh"

iucdkqfhda.h" lKavdhï yeÕSu jeks l=i,;d Tfí Ôú;fha

id¾:l;ajhg fya;= fõ'

fuu l=i,;djka lKavdhula f,i lghq;= lsÍfï § o" iudcfha wka

mqoa.,hka iu. in|;d mj;ajd .ekSfï § o id¾:l;ajh i|yd jeo.;a

fõ'

1' M,odhS ikaksfõokhla we;s lr .ekSug Tn ;=< ;sìh hq;= ,laIK

kï lrkak'

2' 6 yd 7 fY%aKsj, § Tn bf.k .;a mßÈ whym;a Ñ;a;fõ. we;s jq úg

Tng l< yels foaj,a ,ehsia;=.; lrkak'

3' iylïmkh hkak y`ÿkajkak'

4' iudcdkqfhda.hg fya;= jk hym;a .=Kdx. kï lrkak'

5' lKavdhï l=i,;dj,g fya;= jk wksl=;a Ôjk ksmqK;d fudkjd o@

wNHdi


17mdßißl wNsfhda.j,g id¾:lj

uqyqK fouq

tÈfkÞ Ôú;fha § úúO wNsfhda.j,g uqyqK §ug wmg isÿ fõ' f,v frda."

úNd." ;r." kj fhdjqka úfhys fjkialï" wk;=re jeks wNsfhda.j,g

uqyqK ÿka wjia:d Tng o u;l we;s' .=jkaúÿ,sh" rEmjdysksh" mqj;a

m;a jeks ikaksfõok udOH u.ska o wo iudcfha uqyqK §ug isÿ jk

wNsfhda. ms<sn| Tn ±kqj;aj we;' tu wNsfhda.j,g id¾:lj uqyqK

§ug fkdyels jq úg ðú; ydks" foam< ydks" ldhsl yd udkisl mSvdldÍ

;;ajhka we;s fõ'

fujeks wNsfhda. w;ßka frda." wk;=re" wdmÞ" wmfhdack ms<sn| ir,

wjfndaOhla miq.sh fY%a‚j, § Tn ,nd f.k we;'

fuu mdvu yeoEÍfuka wk;=re" wdmÞ" wmpdr" yd wmfhdack" ÿïjeá"

uoHidr yd u;aøjHj,g fhduq ùu" frda.dndO jeks mdrsißl wNsfhda.

ms<sn|j o tu wNsfhda. ksid isÿ jk ydksÞhl ;;ajhka" mdrsißl

wNsfhda.j,ska je<lSug .; yels l%shd ud¾." wNsfhda.j,g id¾:lj

uqyqK §u i|yd ixj¾Okh lr.; hq;= ksmqK;d ms<sn|j o wjfndaOhla

Tng ,nd .; yels jkq we;'

mdßißl wNsfhda.

tÈfkÞ mßirfha § wmg uqyqK §ug isÿ jk wNsfhda. mdßißl wNsfhda.

f,i i|yka l< yels fõ'

l%shdldrlu

wm fj; t,a, úh yels mdßißl wNsfhda. ,ehsia;=jla ms<sfh,

lrkak'


173

Tn ms<sfh, l< ,ehsia;=fõ my; mdßißl wNsfhda. i|yka ù we;a±hs

n,kak'

frda.dndO

mdßißl wNsfhda.

wdmÞÿïjeá"

uoHidr yd

u;aøjHj,g

fhduq ùuwmpdr yd

wmfhdack

wk;=re

±ka wms fuu mdßißl wNsfhda. tlska tl úia;rd;aulj yÞruq'

wk;=re

Èkm;d mqj;am;a u.ska" rEmjdysks udOH u.ska Tn fldf;l=;a wk;=re

±l we;s' wk;=rla ´kE u ia:dkhl § ´kE u mqoa.,fhl=g isÿ úh

yels h' WÞyrK f,i ksjfia §" lïy,aj, §" mdif,a §" l%Svd msáfha §"

uyd uydud¾.fha §" /lshd ia:dkj, §" c,dYj, §" .,aj<j,a" ñksrka

m;,a" bÈlsÍï ia:dk jeks jev ìïj, § wk;=re isÿ úh yels h'

wk;=rej,g m%Odk fya;=j fkdie,sls,su;a nj yd fkdokakdluhs'

17'1 igyk


l%shdldrlu

úúO wk;=re fya;=fjka we;s úh yels ydks Þhl ;;aj i|yka

lrkak'

wk;=re ksid we;s jk ydksÞhl ;;aj

• ;e,Sï" iSÍï" lemSï

• W¿lal=ùï" levqï ì÷ï

• ms,siaiSï

• lïmkh" isysuq¾Pd ùu

• frda.dndO we;s ùu

• Ôú; ydks ùu

wk;=rel § we;s úh yels ydksÞhl ;;aj md,kh lsÍug fyda j<lajd

.ekSu fyda ydksh wju lr .ekSug Tn ksr;=rej Yla;su;a úh hq;= fõ'

• udkisl mSvd we;s ùu

• foam< ydks ùu

• jd;h wmsßisÿ ùu

• Yío ÿIKh

• ydkslr úlsrK yd ridhksl

øjH ksid mßir ÿIKh

17'1 rEmh - wk;=re


175

wk;=re j<lajd .ekSug .; yels l%shd ud¾.

• wk;=re ms<sn| ±kqj;a fjñka wjfndaOfhka hq;=j lghq;= lsÍu

• wjÞkï iys; l%shdj, fkdfh§u

• wjYH wjia:dj, § wkHhkaf.a Woõ iy Wmfoia ,nd .ekSu

• ;uka mßyrKh lrk oE kshñ; ia:dkj, ;eîug mqreÿ ùu

• kS;s Í;s ms<sme§u

• wdrlaIs; l%u wkq.ukh lsÍu

wk;=rl § isÿ jk ydksh wju lsÍug .; yels l%shd ud¾.

• m%:udOdr ,nd §u

• wjYH wjia:dj, § uQ,sl Ôú;dOdr ,nd §u

• yels blaukska ffjoH m%;sldr i|yd /f.k hdu

wo iudcfha fjfik iuyr mqoa.,hkaf.a bjiSu fkdue;slu" fkd±kqj;a

nj" kS;s .rel fkdùu" wd§ lreKq fya;=fjka fndfyda wk;=re isÿ fõ'

tu ksid fuu wNsfhda. ch .ekSug" wm ;=< úúO ksmqK;d iy .=Kdx.

ixj¾Okh lr .; hq;= fõ' fuu ksmqK;d fmdÿfõ ́ kE u wNsfhda.hla

ch .ekSu i|yd jeo.;a fõ' fuu ksmqK;d ms<sn|j mdvu wjidkfha §

Tng ±k .; yels fõ'

wdmÞ

iajNdj O¾uhdf.a yÈis yd È¾> ld,Sk fjkia ùï ksid o ñksiqkaf.a

jerÈ l%shd ksid o wdmÞ yg .kS'

2004 j¾Ifha foieïn¾ 26 Þ Y%S ,xldfõ fjr<nv m%foaYfha yg.;a

iqkdñ jHikh ms<sn|j Tn wid we;s' tu oreKq wdmÞj u.ska wm rgg

muKla fkdj bkaÈhka id.rh wdY%s; fndfyda rgj,aj,g o ydkslr

n,mEï we;s úh'


l%shdldrlu

Tn okakd wdmÞ ,ehsia;=jla ilia lrkak'

wm uqyqK fok úúO wdmÞ

• .xj;=r

• ksh`.h

• kdhhEï

• iqkdñ

• N+ñ lïmd

• iq<s iq<x

• .sksl÷ msmsÍu

2016 j¾Ifha isÿ jq c, .e,Sï" kdh hdï fya;=fjka ck;djg Wkaysá

;eka mjd wysñ úh' Ôú; ydks isÿ úh' f.dú;eka lghq;= lr .ekSug

fkdyelsj Tjqkaf.a wdÞhï ud¾. wjysr ùfuka ÿlaÅ; ;;ajhg m;a úh'

wdmÞ ;;ajhkag uqyqK mE úg udkisl wd;;sh" iudc .eg "̈ frda.dndO fuka

u wk;=rel § we;s jk wdldrfha ydksÞhl ;;ajhka o yg .; yels h'

17'2 rEmh - wdmod

• <eõ .sks iy jkdka;r .sks

.ekSï

• wl=Kq ier je§ï

• f.dvke.s,s lvd jeàï

• hqouh ;;ajhka

• jix.; frda.


177

wdmÞ ksid we;s jk ydks

iajNdj O¾ufha isÿ jk fjkialï ms<sn|j ñksidf.a wjOdkh fhduq

jkafka kï fndfyda wdmÞ wjia:djkays § isÿ jk ydksh j<lajd .ekSug

fyda wju lr .ekSug yelshdj ,efí' fuhg WÞyrKhla f,i uE;

ld,fha § nÿ,a, Èia;%slalfha óßhneoao .ïudkfha isÿ jq kdh hdu

i|yka l< yels h' tys § kdh hdug fmr lkao Wv fmdf<dj bß;,d

;sîu wdÈ ,laIK fmkakqï lr ;snQ w;r tu wjodkï ;;ajh wjfndaO

lr.;a iuyr jeisfhda tu ia:dkfhka bj;a jQy'

wdmÞ wjia:djkays § we;s úh yels ydksÞhl ;;aj j<lajd .ekSug fyda ydksh wju lr .ekSug .; yels l%shdud¾.

• ;uka" mjq, iy m%cdj ±kqj;a ùu

• ±kqj;a lsÍu i|yd ck udOH fhdÞ .ekSu

• kS;S ms<sme§u

• iudc m%;sm;a;s f.dv k.d .ekSu

• fmr iqÞku

• wdrlaIs; ia:dk y÷kdf.k isàu

• wkjir bÈlsÍïj,ska je<lSu

• jk úkdYh je<laùu

• mdßißl fjkialïj,g ixfõ§ ùu

• yÈis wjia:dj, § lKavdhula f,i Yla;su;aj lghq;= lsÍu

wdmÞ wjia:djkag id¾:lj uqyqKq §u i|yd fmdÿfõ wNsfhda. ch

.ekSug wm i;=j ;sìh hq;= ksmqK;d ixj¾Okh lr .; hq;= h'

l%shdldrlu

wdmÞ wjia:djlg id¾:lj uqyqK fok wdldrh úia;r lrkak'

• ;e,Sï" isÍï" levqï- ì÷ï" ms,siaiSï

jeks YdÍßl ydks we;s ùu

• frda.dndO we;s ùu

• lïmkh fydA isys uq¾cd ùu

• úÿ,s ier je§u

• Ôú; ydks isÿ ùu

• mßirh ¥IKh

• foam< yd ksjdi úkdY

ùu


wmpdr yd wmfhdack

iudc úfrdaë l%shdj, fh§u wmpdr f,i ye¢kafõ' WÞyrK f,i

fidrlï lsÍu" u;aøjH Ndú; lsÍu" ysxid lsÍu wdÈh i|yka l<

yels fõ'

wmfhdack hkq fjk;a mqoa.,hka úiska flfkl= iudc úfrdaë l%shd

i|yd fmd,Ujd .ekSuhs'

<ud wmpdr yd wmfhdack ms<sn| my; ±lafjk ksoiqka wjfndaOhla

,nd .ekSug lshjd n,kak'

• <uqka /jàu

• YdÍßlj yd udkislj jo ysxid meñKùu

• ,eÊcd lsÍu

• ìh jeoa§u

• fufyldr fiajfha fhoùu

• <uqka u;a l=vq" u;aøjH m%jdykhg fhdojd .ekSu jeks l%shd

• wksis fmd;a m;a" ùäfhdamg mßyrKhg fm,Uùu

• n,y;aldrfhka fyda uq<d lsÍfuka <uqka úúO ,sx.sl w;jrj,g

f.dÿre lr .ekSu

17'3 rEmh - <ud fufyldr fiajh


179

wmpdr yd wmfhdackj,ska je<lSug .; yels l%shd ud¾.

• iudc úfrdaë l%shdjla i|yd Tnj fmd,Ujd .ekSug hï wfhl=

W;aidy ork nj yeÕ=kfyd;a tu ia:dkfhka jyd u bj;a fjkak'

• úúO ;E.s fnda. ,nd § jerÈ l%shd i`oyd Tnj fmd,Ujd .ekSug

W;aidy orhs kï m%fõYï jkak'

• tjeks iel iys; foa .ek úYajdijka; jeäysáfhl=g mjikak'

• ksjfia" mdif,a fyda md¿ ia:dkj, ;ksj .ejiSfuka j<lskak'

• Tng ,sx.sl w;jrhla isÿ ùug hk nj yeÕ=kfyd;a jyd u Woõ

b,a,d lE.ikak' wdrlaIs; ia:dkhla fj; hkak'

• ;ukaf.a YÍrh ;ukag iqúfYaI neúka flfkl=g fm!oa.,sl ia:dk

iam¾Y lsÍug bv fkdfokak'

• Tnf.a we÷ï me<÷ï" yeisÍï" l;d ny wdÈh ixjrj isÿ lsÍug j.

n,d .kak'

• jeäysáhka ksfjiaj, fkdue;s wjia:dj, hy¿ fhfy<shka ksfjiaj,g

f.kajd .ekSfuka j<lskak'

• wka;¾cd,h" iudc fjí wvú" cx.u ÿrl:k" fouõmsh jeäysáhkaf.a

wkq±kqfuka f;drj Ndú; fkdlrkak'

mdi,l <ufhl= ;ksj /f`ohs kï .=rejrhl= o mdif,a isáh hq;= hs'

<ufhl= ksjfia ;ksj isà kï jeäysáfhl=f.a /ljrK ;sìh hq;= hs'

wmpdr yd wmfhdack ksid isÿ jk ydks

• udkisl mSvdjkag ,la ùu

• wOHdmkh lvd lmam,a ùu

• iudcfhka fldka ùu

• ,sx.slj iïfm%aIKh jk frda.j,g f.dÿre ùu

• wkjYH .eí .ekSïj,g ,la ùu

• Ôú; ydks ùu yd ish Èú kid .ekSu

wmpdr" wmfhdackj,ska je<lSug;a" tjeks wjia:dj,g uqyqK §ug

isÿ jqjfyd;a wjia:dkql+,j ;SrK .ekSug;a" óg fmr mdvïj, § Tn

bf.k .;a Ôjk ksmqK;d Tng WmldÍ jkq we;'


l%shdldrlu

fouõmshka fyda jeäysáfhl= ksjfia fkdue;s wjia:djl Tng

;ksj ksjfia .; lsÍug isÿ fõ kï Tfí wdrlaIdj fjkqfjka

Tn .kakd ls%hd ud¾. i|yka lrkak'

u;aøjH

uoHidr" ÿïjeá yd wfkl=;a ish¨ u u;ajk øjH u;aøjH f,i ie,fla

kj fh!jk úhg md ;nd isák Tng uqyqK §ug isÿ jk ;j;a wNsfhda.

hla f,i uoHidr" u;aøjH yd ÿïjeá i|yka l< yels fõ' fhdjqka úhg

m;a jQjkaf.a YdÍßl fjkialï fia u ufkda iudÔh fjkialï o isÿ

jk ksid iujhia lKavdhï weiqr" wjodkï foa lsÍug we;s leue;a;

jeks .;s ,laIK fmkakqï lrhs'

jerÈ lKavdhïj,g tl;= ùu fya;=fjka fndfyda fh!jkhka uoHidr

u;aøjH yd ÿï mdkh i|yd fhduq ù we;s nj j¾;udk iudch foi neÆ

úg fmkS hk lreKls' Tn fujeks l%shdj,ska je<lS Tnf.a hy¿jka

o thska uqojd .ekSug Yla;su;a úh hq;= fõ' fuu wjêfha § Tnf.a

ks¾udKYS,s;ajh fyd| uÜgul mj;sk neúka lKavdhï yeÕSu hym;a

foa lsÍu i|yd fhdÞ .; hq;= fõ'

u;aøjH Ndú; lrkakka tA i|yd fkdfhl=;a fya;= ldrKd f.k yer

±lajqj o tA lsisjla w¾:j;a foa fkdfõ' fïjdfha krl m%;súmdl rdYshls'

u;aøjH i|yd ksoiqka f,i fldflaka" yISia" .xcd" lxid" ußcqjdkd"

fydfrdhska" uoHidr" is.rÜ" iqreÜgq" îä i`oyka l< yels h'


181

u;aøjH Ndú;fhka we;s jk ydks

• YdÍßl l%shdldß;ajh ySk ùu

• udkisl úlD;s;d we;s ùu

• wj,iaik ùu

• úúO frda.j,g f.dÿre ùu

• ,sx.sl Yla;sh ySk ùu

• iakdhq ÿ¾j,;d yg .ekSu

• wdhqI wvq ùu yd Ôú; ydks

isÿ ùu

l%shdldrlu

by; ydkslr ;;ajhka we;s ùu wju lsÍug fyda j<lajd

.ekSug l< yels foa ms<sn| Tnf.a woyia bÈßm;a lrkak'

• wd¾Ól .eg¨ we;s ùu

• mjq,a wdrjq,a we;s ùu

• iudc úfrdaë l%shd i|yd fhduq ùu

• wmpdr yd wmfhdack i|yd fm,öu

• iudcfhka fldka ùu

• .egqïldß ;;aj we;s ùu

17'4 rEmh - is.rÜ nyd,kfha we;=<;a wjjdo


u;aøjHj,ska je<lSug yd wka wh je<elaùug .; yels l%shd ud¾.

• ;uka" mjq, iy m%cdj ±kqj;a ùu

• iudcfha mj;sk kS;s Í;s ms<sme§u

• ksjerÈ p¾hd we;s lr .ekSu

• úúO udOH u.ska flfrk m%pdr nqoaêu;aj y÷kd .ekSu

• úfõlh M,ÞhSj .; lsÍu i|yd l%Svd iy fi!kao¾h l%shdldrlïj,g

fhduq ùu

• u;aøjHj,g fhduq jQ wh mqkre;a:dmk jev igyka i|yd fhduq

lsÍu

• fmdÿ ia:dkj, u;aøjH Ndú;hg úreoaO ùu

u;aøjH" wNsfhda.h Tng ch.; yels wNsfhda.hls

mdi,a orejka jk Tng fuu wNsfhda. myiqfjka ch .; yels h'

u;aøjH Ndú;h ksid isÿ úh yels ydksh ms<sn| Tn ±kqj;a fyhska Tng

bka je<lS isàug yels fõ' fjk;a mqoa.,hka tA i|yd Tnj fmd,Ujd

.ekSug W;aiy orhs kï thska je<lSug o Tng yelshdj we;'

tfia u Tn i;= ksmqK;d Ndú; lr u;aøjH i|yd fhduq ù we;s mqoa.,hka

thska uqojd .ekSug o Tng yels úh hq;= h'

Tng uqyqK §ug isÿ jk ;j;a wNsfhda.hla f,i frda.dndO i|yka

l< yels fõ' fnda jk frda. iy fnda fkdjk frda. f,i frda. j¾.

folls'

fndajk frda.

wdidÈ;hl== u.ska fjk;a mqoa.,fhl=g je,f`ok frda. fnda jk frda.

f,i ye¢kafõ' w;S;fha § mej;s fnda jk frda. lSmhla wo jk úg

u¾okh lr we;s kuq;a ;ju;a jHdma; fjñka mj;sk fnda jk frda.

lsysmhla mj;S'

frda.dndO


183

17'5 rEmh - mefmd, frda.h

WÞyrK f,i fvx.=" ó WK" fld,rdj" irïm" mefmd," lïuq,a.dh"

Ñl=ka .=kahd" id¾ia" yd ,sx.slj iïfm%aIKh jk frda. hkdÈh i|yka l<

yels fõ'

fuu frda. fl<ska u fyda jdylfhl= u.ska fnda ùu isÿ fõ'

by; i|yka lr we;s frda. w;ßka fvx.= frda.h mdi,a orejkag fuka

u jeäysáhkag o n,j;a wNsfhda.hlaj mj;S' fvx.= uÿrejka u¾okh

lsÍu i|yd wo jk úg;a wdh;k uÜgñka úúO jev igyka l%shd;aul

flf¾'

uÿrejka fndajk ia:dk úkdY lsÍu u.ska Tng;a tA i|yd Þhl;ajh

,nd Èh yels h'

,sx.slj iïfm%aIKh jk frda.hla jk HIV/ AIDS frda.h o" úYd,

wNsfhda.hlaj mj;S' iudc idrO¾u msßyS hdu" fuu frda.h me;sÍug

uQ,sl fya;=jla f,i i|yka l< yels fõ'

fnda fkdjk frda.

yDo frda." Èhjeähdj" wêl reêr mSvkh" ms<sld" iakdhq frda. jeks

frda. fnda fkdjk frda. f,i Tn y÷kkjd we;s' fuu frda. we;s ùug

uq,sl fya;= f,i jerÈ wdydr mqreÿ iy jerÈ Ôjk rgd i|yka l< yels

fõ' j¾;udk iudcfha jeä msßila fnda fkdjk frda.j,ska mSvd ú¢;s'


17'6 rEmh - yDo frda.

frda.dndO ksid we;s jk ydks

• YÍrh fyda wjhj wl%Sh ùu

• wdndê; ;;ajhkag m;a ùu

• YdÍßl fmkqu fjkia ùu

• l%shdYS,S nj wvq ùu

• Ôú; ydks ùu

• wd¾Ól mßydksh

• wOHdmkh lvd lmam,a ùu

• udkisl wiykh

frda. j<lajd .ekSug;a" ydksh wju lr .ekSug;a .; yels l%shd ud¾.

• frda. ms<sn| ;uka ±kqj;a ùu iy iudch o ±kqj;a lsÍu

• fi!LHj;a wdydr mßfNdackh

• msßisÿ mdkSh c,h mßyrKh

• u;a øjH Ndú;fhka je<lSu

• ksis YÍr ialkaO o¾Ylh ^BMI& mj;ajd .ekSu

• iqÿiq mßÈ jHdhdu" úfõlh iy kskao ,nd .ekSu

• udkisl wd;;sh wvq lr .ekSu

• m%;sYla;slrKh ,nd .ekSu

• frda. me;sÍfï ud¾. wyqrd ±óu

• frda. fndajk uQ,hka úkdY lsÍu

• mrïmrd.; frda. we;s úg ffjoH Wmfoia ,nd .ekSu

• ffjoH mÍlaIK i|yd jßka jr fhduq ùu

• frda. we;s jq úg l,g fõ,djg ksis m%;sldr ,nd .ekSu


185

l%shdldrlu

fnda fkdjk frda. j<lajd .ekSu ms<sn| mdif,a ñ;=rka ±kqj;a

lsÍug w;a m;%sldjla ms<sfh, lrkak

mdßißl wNsfhda. ch .ekSug ixj¾Okh lr .; hq;= ksmqK;d

• bjiSu

• ±kqj;a nj" kS;s .rel nj

• ksjerÈ ;SrK .ekSu" nqoaêu;a

j .eg¨ úi£u

• ks¾udKYS,Ss Ñka;kh"

úpdrYS,sS Ñka;kh

• ksis mqyqKqj

• M,ÞhS ikaksfõokh

• hym;a wka;¾mqoa., iïnkaO;d

• Ñ;a;fõ. md,kh

• wd;audjfndaOh

• wd;au úYajdih

• hym;a wdl,am

• hym;a mqreÿ wkq.ukh

• Wml%uYS,Sj lghq;= lsÍu

• lKavdhï yeÕSu

idrdxYh

tÈfkÞ mßirfha wmg uqyqK §ug isÿ jk mdßißl wNsfhda. f,i

wk;=re" wdmÞ" wmpdr yd wmfhdack" u;aøjH" iy frda. i|yka l<

yels fõ'

fuu wNsfhda. fya;=fjka" úúO wdndê; ;;aj" wOHdmkh lvd lmam,a

ùu" frda.j,g f.dÿre ùu" wd¾Ól w¾nqo" mßir ¥IKh" iudc .eg¨"

Ôú; ydks jeks fkdfhl=;a ydksÞhl ;;ajhkag uqyqK§ug isÿ fõ'

fuu wNsfhda. ch.ekSug wd;audjfndaOh" wd;au úYajdih" ksjerÈ

;SrK .ekSu" hym;a wka;¾mqoa., iïnkaO;d" hym;a mqreÿ wkq.ukh"

M,ÞhS ikaksfõokh" ks¾udKYS,Ss Ñka;kh" hym;a wdl,am" Ñ;a;fõ.

md,kh" kS;s .rel ùu wd§ ksmqK;d ÈhqKq lr.; hq;= fõ'

tfuka u fuu wNsfhda. j<lajd .ekSug;a" md,kh lr ydksh wju

lr .ekSug;a úúO l%shd ud¾. wkq.ukh l< yels fõ'


wNHdi 1' mdßißl wNsfhda. we;s ùu i|yd n,mdk fya;= i|yka lrkak'

2' mdßißl wNsfhda. ch .ekSug ixj¾Okh lr.; hq;= ksmqK;d

i|yka lrkak'

3' wk;=rla we;s jq úg ydksh wju lsÍug .; yels l%shd ud¾. i|yka

lrkak'

4' wdmÞ we;s ùug n,mdk fya;= fudkjd o @

5' wdmÞ wjia:djkays § we;s jk ydksÞhl ;;aj j<lajd .ekSug .;

yels mshjr i|yka lrkak'

6' wmpdr yd wmfhdackj,sska ñ§ug l%shd l< yels wdldr i|yka

lrkak'

7' hful= u;aøjHj,g Tnj fmd,Ujd .ekSug W;aidy orhs kï thska

je<lSug Tn l%shd lrk wdldrh i|yka lrkak'

8' fnda fkdjk frda.j,ska je<lSu i|yd .; yels l%shd ud¾. fudkjd o@


187

18tÈfkod uqyqK fok wk;=re i`oyd m%:udOdr oek .ksuq

´kE u mqoa.,fhl=g fkd is;+ wjia:djl ´kE u ia:dkhl § yÈis

wk;=rlg fyda yÈis wdmÞjlg uqyqK §ug isÿ úh yels h' tjeks

wjia:djl mqoa.,hdf.a Ôú; wjodku wvq lsÍug ir, Wmldr ,nd

§ug yels ùu b;d jeo.;a fõ' hï yÈis wk;=rla fyda wdmÞjla isÿ

jQ úg ksYaÑ; ffjoHdOdr ,nd fok f;la fyda frday,la fj; fhduq

lrk f;la m%:udOdrhla ,nd §u iqÿiq h' tA u.ska wdmÞjg fyda wk;=rg

,la jQ mqoa.,hd tu wdmÞj ksid isÿ úh yels urKfhka mjd .,jd .;

yels fõ'

óg fmr Tn bf.k .;a 17 fjks mdvfï §" wk;=re yd wdmÞ isÿ úh

yels wjia:d" wk;=re yd wdmÞ ksid we;s jk ydksÞhl ;;aaj" tAjd

j<lajd .ekSug yd ydksh wju lsÍug .; yels l%shd ud¾. o" tA i|yd

Tn ;=< j¾Okh l< hq;= ksmqK;d o bf.k .kakg we;'

fuu mdvfuka wms m%:udOdrj, wjYH;dj" m%:udOdr ,nd §fï uQ,sl

isoaOdka;" m%:udOdr ,nd fokakd ;=< ;sìh hq;= .=Kdx. iy m%:udOdr

,nd §u isÿ jk iq,n wjia:d lsysmhla ms<sn| yÞruq'

m%:udOdrhla hkq l=ula o@

l%shdldrlu

m%:udOdr hkq l=ula±hs y÷kd .ekSug udre lr we;s jpk tla

lr ksjerÈ jdlHhla f.dvke.Sug W;aidy lrkak'

wdmÞjla" ksYaÑ;" ,nd fok" hï yÈis" fyda" f;la" ,nd fokakd

jQ" isÿ jQ úg" wk;=rla" ffjoHdOdr" uq,sl" m%:udOdrh" wdOdrh

fyda iydh y÷kajhs" f,i" m%:udOdrh'


m%:udOdrhla hkq

hï yÈis wk;=rla fyda wdmÞjla isÿ

jQ úg ksYaÑ; ffjoHdOdr ,nd fok

f;la" ,nd fok uQ,sl wdOdrh fyda

iydh m%:udOdrh f,i y÷kajhs'

l%shdldrlu

Tn okakd mßÈ m%:udOdr §ug isÿ jk wjia:d fudkjd±hs

,ehsia;=.; lrkak'

m%:udOdrhl wjYH;dj

m%:udOdr ,nd §u u.ska my; wruqKq bgq lr .ekSu wfmalaId lrhs'

m%:udOdr

,nd §fuka

wfmalaIs;

wruqKq

iqjh ,nd .ekSug

Wmldr ùu

frda.S ;;ajh

nrm;, fkd ùug

Woõ ùu

frda.shdf.a Ôú;h

fírd .ekSug

yels ùu

18'1 rEmh - m%:udOdr cd;Hka;r ixfla;h

18'1 igyk


189

l%shdldrlu

l,ska l%shdldrlfï § y÷kd .;a úúO wjia:dj, § isÿ jQ

YdÍßl ydksh iy thg Tn ,nd fok m%:udOdr fudkjd oehs

my; j.=fõ i|yka lrkak'

wjia:dj isÿ úh yels ydksh ,nd fok m%:udOdrh

1

2

3

4

5

m%:udOdr ,nd§fï uQ,sl isoaOdka;

ukd ksmqK;ajhlska hq;a m%:udOdrlrefjl= m%:ufhka frda.S jQ mqoa.,hd

ms<sn|j uQ,sl fidhd ne,Sula lrhs' tys § isÿ ù we;s wdndOfha fyda

frda.fha ;;ajh o< jYfhka wjfndaO lr .; yels fõ'

my; ±lafjkafka uQ,sl Ôú;dOdr ,nd §u i|yd Ndú; lrk A,B,C,D,El%uh hs'

A - Airway ^Yajik ud¾.h&

uq,ska u Yajik ud¾.h fyj;a jdhq .uka lrk ud¾.h wjysr ù we;a±hs

mÍlaId l< hq;= w;r" tu ud¾.fhys lsishï fohla ysr ù we;akï th

bj;a l< hq;= fõ' ta i|yd frda.shdf.a f., yd ysi m%foaYh mÍlaId lr

tu m%foaYj,g wk;=rla fkdue;s kï muKla ysi my<g yrjd ysr ù

we;s oE bj;a l< yels h' jdhq ud¾.h wjysr ù we;a±hs mÍlaId l< hq;=

wjia:d lsysmhla my; ±lafõ'


- Èfha .s¨Kq wjia:djl

- W.=f¾ hula isr jQ úg

- wdydr msg W.=f¾ hdul §

- la,dka;h we;s jQ wjia:djl

- Wilska jegqKq wjia:djl

B - Breathing ^Yajikh&

idudkH wdldrhg Yajik l%shdj,sh ^yqiau .ekSu& isÿ fõ ±hs mÍlaId

l< hq;= h' kdih wi,g wf;ys msá w,a, we,a,Su" Wr m%foaYh Wia my;a

fõ ±hs mÍlaId lsÍu fyda ;udf.a lïuq,a m%foaYh frda.shdf.a kdihg

<x lr iq<x .efÜ±hs ne,Su l< yels h' yqiau .ekSu isÿ fkdfõ kï

lD;s%u Yajikh ,nd Èh hq;= h' fuh mÍlaId l< hq;= wjia:d lsysmhla

my; i|yka fõ'

- Èfha .s¨Kq wjia:djl

- W.=f¾ hula isr jQ úg

- la,dka;h we;s jQ wjia:djl

- Wilska jegqKq wjia:djl

- ms,siaiS isák wjia:djl

- úÿ,sier jeÿKq wjia:djl

C -Circulation ^reêr ixirKh&

frda.shdf.a reêr ixirKh tkï yDofha .eiau mj;S ±hs ksÍlaIKh

l< hq;= h' wf;ys ue‚la lgqj wi,g fyda fn,af,a me;af;ka fyda

mdohg w; ;nd kdä jefgk wdldrh wkqj th mÍlaId l< yels h' tA

wkqj yÈis ;;ajhl § reêr ixirKh kej;S we;a kï mmq mSvkh ,nd

§fuka yDoh ls%hd;aul lr úh hq;= h' reêr ixirKh kej;sh yels

wjia:d iuyrla my; ±la fõ'

18'2 rEmh -Yajik mÍlaIdj

18'1 rEmh - jdhq ud¾. mÍlaIdj


191

- Èfha .s¨Kq úg

- úÿ,s ier je§ul §

- Wilska jegqKq úg

- jdykhlg hg ùu isÿ jQ úg

- i¾mfhla oIag l< úg

18'3 rEmh - reêr ixirK mÍlaIdj

D - Defomity ^wdndO&

isÿ ù we;s wdndOfha ;;ajh fyd¢ka mÍlaId lr n,d wjfndaOhla

,nd .; hq;= fõ' tu ;;ajhg .e<fmk wdldrhg m%:udOdrh ,nd Èh

hq;= fõ' fld÷ weg fm<g ydkshla fyda wiaÓ ì£ula isÿ ù we;ehs iel

kï b;d mÍlaIdldÍ fjñka wod< ia:dk fkdfid,ajd ;eìh hq;= h'

Wod( fn,a,g - frÈ len,s folla T;d fn,af,a fome;a;g ;eîu

fyda fld<rhla we;akï th ±óu

fld÷ weg fm< - ,E,a,la Wv ;eîu

w;g fyda mdohg - ,S m;=rla wdOdrlhla f,i ;eîu

18'5 rEmh - levqKq mdohla i|yd fj¿ula fh§u


E - Exposure, Environment ^ksrdjrKh" mßir ;;ajh&

frda.shd mÍlaId lsÍu i|yd ksrdjrKh l< hq;= fõ' ydksh wju jk

wdldrhg frda.shd mÍlaId l< hq;= fõ' ta i|yd mj;sk mßir ;;ajh

wkdrlaIs; kï wdrlaIs; ia:dkhlg /f.k hd hq;= fõ' tfia /f.k

hdfï § frda.shd p,kh iy m%jdykh m%fõYfuka l< hq;= fõ'

frda.shd yqiau .kS kï ndysr wdOdr ,efnk ;=re jï we,hg yrjd

^recovery position& ;nkak' ^18'6 rEmh&

18'6 rEmh - fn,af,a fome;a;g ;eîug frÈ lene,a,lska fld,rhla idod .ekSu

18'6 rEmh - jï we,hg yrjd ;eîu


193

frda.shd yqiau fkd.kS kï mmq f;rmqu yd lD;s%u Yajikh ,nd fokak'

mmq f;rmqu - w;a fol mmqj ueo ;nd 5-6 cm .eUqrg ñks;a;=jg

jdr 100 l muK fõ.fhka isÿ lrkak' ^18'7 rEmh&

lD;%su Yajikh - by; wldrfha f;rmqï 30lg miq frda.shdf.a uqj

újr lr kdih jid uqjg uqj ;nd mmqj tifjk

fia Yajikh ,nd fokak' ^18'8 rEmh&

18'8 rEmh - lD;%su Yajikh

fuh 30(2 wkqmd;hg frda.shd m%;spdr olajk ;=re isÿ lrkak'

18'7 rEmh - mmq f;rmqu


l%shdldrlu

.=re;=ñhf.a u. fmkaùu we;sj mx;s ldurh ;=< zzmmq f;rmquZZ

isÿ lrk wdldrh fofofkl= u.ska wdo¾Ykh lr fmkajkak'

m%:udOdr ,nd fokafkl= i;= úh hq;= .=Kdx.

m%:udOdrh ms<sn`o oekqu" ksis mqyqKqj yd

ksmqK;dj ;sîu

l,n,hlska f;drj lghq;= lsÍfï yelshdj

bjiSu

ia:dfkdaÑ; m%{dj

wjia:dkql+, kdhl;ajh

ksjerÈ iy iqÿiq ;SrK .ekSfï yelshdj

mÍlaIdldÍ nj

ldre‚l nj iy wkqlïmd iy.; nj

frda.shd ms<sl=,a fkdlsÍfï yelshdj


195

• Wia ia:dkhl isg my<g jeàu" fldkafoa hula fõ.fhka je§u wd§

wk;=re fya;=fjka fld÷weg fm<g ydkshla isÿ ù we;a kï fyda tA

ms<sn|j ielhla mj;S kï frda.shd tiùu fydA m%jdykh l< hq;af;a

,E,a,la u; ;ndf.k h' tfia ,E,a, u;g frda.shd .; hq;af;a

fldghla iunrj fmr<k wdldrhg h' fuh log rolling l%uh f,i

ye¢ka fõ' fkd tfia kï iqIqïkdjg ydks ùu fyda ydks jQ ia:dkfha

wdndOh ;j;a jeä ùu úh yels neúks'

18'9 rEmh - frda.shd log rolling l%uhg yerùu

m%:udOdr ,nd§fï § úfYaI wjOdkhg ,la úh hq;= lreKq

wkjYH ,eÊcdj,ska f;dr ùu

ish,a,kag tl fia ie,lSfï yelshdj

;u wdrlaIdj ms<sn| ie,ls,su;a ùu

ìh ke;s nj


• isref¾ hula wekS mj;S kï tu wd.ka;=l øjHh bj;a fkdfldg

frday, lrd /f.k hd hq;= h' wekS mj;sk øjHh bj;a lsÍug ;e;a

l<fyd;a wNHka;r bkaøshkag ydks isÿ úh yels h' t fuka u tu

ia:dkfhka reêrh msg;g jykh ù frda.shd urKhg m;a úh yels h'

• isysiqkaj isák úg frda.shdg lsisjla fmùu iy lEug §u kqiqÿiq h'

isysiqka wjia:djl § ljk fyda fmdjk øjH u.ska Yajik ud¾.h

wjysr úh yels h'

• ffjoHjrfhl= mßlaId lrk f;la wdydrmdk ,nd fkd§u jeo.;a h'

tfia l< hq;= jkafka Y,Hl¾uhlg Ndckh lsÍug isÿ jqjfyd;a

meh lsysmhla ksrdydrj isáh hq;= neúks'

• YÍr fldgia lemS bj;a jqjfyd;a tu fldgia msßisÿ fmd,s;ska

wdjrKhl oud" th whsiaj, nyd ffjoHjrhd fj; jyd u /f.k

hd hq;= h'

WÞ( w;a" weÕs,s" mdo

18'10 rEmh - lemS bj;a jQ weÕs,a,la frday,g f.k hdug ieliSu


197

m%:udOdr ,nd §ug isÿ jk iq,n wjia:d lsysmhla

1' la,dka;h we;s jQ wjia:djl §

la,dka;h we;s jkafka fud<hg Tlaiscka ,eîu wvq jQ úghs' túg

YÍrh wm%d‚l ù hhs' la,dka;h we;s jQ wjia:djl frda.shd ìu fyda

we|l È.d lrjkak' ;o we÷ï nqre,a lrkak' ^WÞ( ghs má" ysr weÿï&'

la,dka; nj ±fkk wjia:djl kï frda.shd mqgqjl jdä lrjd T¿j

my<g kjd ll=,a w;r ;nd .ekSug i,iajkak' ìu fyda we|l frda.shd

È.d lrjkafka kï frda.shdf.a ll=,a we;s me;a; by<g Tijkak'

túg fud<hg wjYH Tlaiscka" reêrh iu. ,efí' fyd¢ka iajdNdúl

jd;dY%h ,eîug i,iajkak' îug lsisjla fkdÈh hq;= w;r c,h

iaj,amhla uqyqKg biSu l< yels h' isysh ,enQ miq WKqiqï hula îug

§u fyda .a¨fldaia iaj,amhla ,nd §u l< yelshs'

18'11 rEmh - la,dka; nj ±kqkq úg isáh hq;= bßhõj

2' i;=ka imd lEu fyda i¾m oIag lsÍul §

uq,ska u wk;=rg m;a mqoa.,hdf.a ìh ke;s l< hq;= h' i¾mhd oIag l<

ia:dkh msßisÿ c,fhka ñks;a;= 10 la 15 la muK fidaÞ yeßh hq;= h'

imd lE ia:dkh fi,fjk fia weú§u yd p,kh fkdl< hq;= h' me,|

isák Trf,daiq" uqÿ wd§ ysr jk øjH .,jd bj;a l< hq;= h' i¾mhd


y÷kd .ekSu fyda i¾mhd ffjoHjrhd fj; /f.k hdu jeo.;a h'

ydksh isÿ jQ ia:dkh ysig jvd my<ska isák bßhõjl ;nkak'

;=jd, u; uqj ;nd bÍu fyda ;sßx.hla fh§u ^;=jd,hg by<ska ;Èka

.eg .eiSu& fkdlrkak'

3' fonr fyda nUr oIag lsÍul §

wk;=rg m;a mqoa.,hd jyd u tu mßirfhka bj;a l< hq;= h' frda.shdf.a

ìh ;=rka l< hq;= h' me,| isák uqÿ j<¨ wdÈh bj;a l< hq;= h'

oIag lsÍï nyq,j we;s YÍrfha ia:dk y÷kd .; hq;= h' oIag lsÍfuka

YÍrfha b;sß ù we;s o< wdÈh isyska ;,hla fyda ksh fhdÞ f.k bj;a

l< hq;= h' jvd fõokdldÍ kï merisgfuda,a j¾.fha T!IOhla mdúÉÑ

l< yels h' oIag lsÍï lsysmhla kï jyd u ffjoHjrhd fj; /f.k

hd hq;= h'

4' úÿ,s ier je§ul §

m%Odk úÿ,s iemhqfï fmakqj .,jd fyda m%Odk iaúph l%shd úrys; lr"

úÿ,s n,h jyd u úikaê l< hq;= h' úikaê l< fkdyels úg" úÿ,s

ier je§u isÿ jq jhr fyda WmlrK w;ska fkd we,a,sh hq;= h' tA i|yd

úh<s or fyda ,S fldiq ñgla Ndú; lrkak' jyd u by; bf.k .;a

A,B,C,D,E mshjr wkq.ukh lrñka ;;ajh y÷kd.kak'

reêr ixirKh isÿ fkdjkafka kï yDoh iïNdykh o" Yajik

l%shdj,sh isÿ fkdjkafka kï lD;s%u Yajikh ,nd§u o jyd isÿ l<

hq;= h' ms,siaiqï we;s kï tA i|yd o m%;sldrhla isÿ l< hq;= fõ' fuu

m%:udOdr ,nd foñka frda.shd frday, fj; /f.k hkak'


199

18'12 rEmh - úÿ,s iïnkaO;dfjka bj;a lr .ekSu

5' ms,ssiaiSul §

ms,siaiSula we;s úh yels jkafka ;dmfhka" .skaofrka" ridhksl øjH

u.ska iy úÿ,s n,h u.sks' .skak we;s jk wdldrh wkqj th ksúh

hq;= wdldrh fjkia fõ' >klï frÈ Ndú;fhka o" c,h biSfuka o"

we÷ulg .sks weú<s‚ kï ìu fmr<Sfuka o .skak ksjd oeñh yels h'

ms,siaiSfuka wk;=rg m;a mqoa.,hd jyd tu ia:dkfhka bj;a fldg

wdrlaIdldÍ ia:dkhlg ref.k hd hq;= h' ms,siaiqKq fldgia jyd u

ñks;a;= 10la muK we,a Èh n÷kl .s,ajd ;eîu fyda .,d hk j;=rg

we,a,Su l< hq;= h'

;o we÷ï" uqÿ" w;a Trf,daiq bj;a l< hq;= fõ' W;=rk Èhr fyda ridhksl

øjHj,ska fmÕS we;s we÷ï m%fõYfuka lmd bj;a lrkak' we÷ï ifuys

we,S ;=jd, iys; jq úg we`ÿu bj;a fkdl< hq;= h' frda.shdf.a ìh ;=rka

lrñka jyd u frday,lg f.k hkak'


18'13 rEmh - ms,siaiqKq fldgi .,d hk c,hg we,a,Su

6' ;=jd, ùul §

úúOdldrfhka ;=jd, isÿ úh yels hs' ms,siaiqï ;=jd," lemqï ;=jd,"

jeàï" iSÍï" wekSï wd§ lskï wdldrhlska ;=jd,hla isÿ jqj;a reêrh

msg;g jykh ùu je<elaúh hq;= h' fï i|yd reêr jykh kj;sk

f;la tu ia:dkh mSvkhl ,la jk f,i frÈ lene,a,lska fj,Sfuka

yd yDohg jvd by< uÜgulska ;=jd,h isÿ jQ ia:dkh ;nd .ekSfuka

^;=jd,h wf;ys fyda mdofhys kï Tijd ;eîfuka& reêr jykh wvq

lr .; yels h' jyd u ffjoH m%;sldr i|yd /f.k hkak'

18'14 rEmh - ;=jd, ùfuka miq ;=jd,h isÿ jQ ia:dkh yDohg by< uÜgulska ;eîu


201

7' W.=f¾ hula isr jQ úg

uq,ska u uqLh fyd¢ka újr fldg ysr jQ oE y÷kd.; yels ± hs n,kak'

<ufhl= fyda jeäysáfhl= kï Wr fmfoi bÈßhg kjd" uqLh újr lr"

f;rmqu bÈßhg fhduq jk f,i fifuka msgg myr fokak' ke;fyd;a

msgqmiska isgf.k w;a fol ñg fud<jd Worfha by< fldgi ;Èka

f;rmkak'

l=vd orefjl= kï tla w;lg m%fõifuka /f.k uqkska yrjd" ysi

my<g isák fia w,a,df.k" Worfha by< fldgi keuqKq oKysi u;

;nd ;Èka msgg ;Ügq lrkak' ysr jQ oE t<shg fkdtkafka kï" jyd u

ffjoHjrfhl= fj; /f.k hkak'

8' kdifha hula isr jQ úg

kdih ls;s leùu u.ska lsúiSug i,iajkak' tfia fkdyels kï lsisÿ

WmlrKhla kdih ;=<g ±óu isÿ fkdlr jyd u frday,la fj; f.k

hkak' tfia f.k hdfï § isgf.k fyda b|f.k isàug i,iajkak' isr

jQ foh Yajik ud¾.hg hdug bv we;s ksid ksod .ekSu fkdl< hq;= h'

18'15 rEmh - jeäysáfhl=f.a W.=f¾ hula

isr jQ úg bj;a lrk wdldrh

18'16 rEmh - l=vd orejl=f.a W.=f¾ hula

isr jQ úg bj;a lrk wdldrh


9' Èfha .s,Su

yÈisfha orejka" jeäysáhka Èfha .s,S ñh hk wjia:d fndfyduhla

udOH u.ska wmg ±k.kakg ,efí' Èfha .s,Sul § Yajikh lsÍu wmyiq

ù urKhg m;a fõ'

Èfha .s¨Kq mqoa.,fhl= fírd f.dvìug .;a miq uq,ska u ABCDE l%uh

wkq.ukh lrñka frda.shdf.a ;;ajh y÷kd .; hq;= fõ' wjYH kï mmq

f;rmqu fyda lD;%su Yajikh ,nd Èh yels h'

l%shdldrlu

my; i|yka wjia:dj, § m%:uOdr ,nd §u wdo¾Ykh lrkak'

I' la,dka;h iEÿKqq úg

II' jeäysáfhl=f.a W.=f¾ hula isr jQ úg

idrdxYh

wk;=rl § fyda wdmÞjl § ksYaÑ; ffjoHdOdr ,nd fok ;=re" frda.shdg

uq,ska u ,nd fok wdOdr m%:udOdr f,i ye¢ka fõ'

m%:udOdr ,nd §fuka frda.shdf.a ;;ajh nrm;, ùu je<elaùug" iqjh

,nd §ug fuka u frda.shdf.a Ôú;h fírd .ekSug o yels fõ'

m%:udOdr ,nd §u i|yd ABCDE l%uhg frda.fha fyda wdndOfha ;;ajh

wjfndaO lr .; yels fõ'

´kE u wjia:djl § wk;=rg m;a mqoa.,hd jyd tu ia:dkfhka bj;a

lr wdrlaIs; ia:dkhlg f.k hdu;a" frda.shdf.a ìh ÿre lsÍu;a

jeo.;a fõ' tfia u m%:udOdr ,nd § jyd u ffjoH m%;sldr i|yd

fhduq l< hq;= fõ'

ksis mqyqKqj" ±kqu" bjiSu" lreKdj" ks¾NS; nj" mÍlaIdldÍ nj" ksjerÈ

;SrK .ekSu" ia:dfkdaÑ; m%×j wd§ .=Kdx. m%:udOdr fok ;eke;a;d

;=< mej;sh hq;= fõ'


203

wNHdi 1' m%:udOdr ,nd §fï wruqKq ;=kla i|yka lrkak'

2' m%:udOdr ,nd §fï ABCDE l%ufõofha tla tla mshjr § flfrk

ld¾hh fláfhka ,shd olajkak'

3' m%:udOdrlrefjl= i;= úh hq;= .=Kdx. myla ,shd olajkak'

4' i¾mfhl= oIag l< ia:dkhlg fkdl< hq;= fohla i|yka lrkak'

5' mqoa.,fhl= úÿ,s wk;=ßka uqojd .;a miq wkq.ukh l< hq;=

l%ufõohla i|yka lrkak'

6' ms,siaiSula isÿ jQ úg jyd u l< hq;= jkafka l=ulao@

1 wd;au wNsudkfhka hqla; fjuq·ƒෞඛ්...iqika;sld chisxy l%Säldj T,sïmsla ß molalu Èkd .;a...

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Transcript of 1 wd;au wNsudkfhka hqla; fjuq·ƒෞඛ්...iqika;sld chisxy l%Säldj T,sïmsla ß molalu Èkd .;a...