1 | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI | Identify and describe the six classes of dietary nutrients....

| Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI | 1

Nutritional Components of Food


Objectives

• Identify and describe the six classes of dietary nutrients.

• Describe the differences among the various types of cholesterol.

• Identify problems that can occur from inadequate amounts of certain nutrients.


Essential Nutrientssubstances from food that

nourish the body

• Proteins• Carbohydrates• Fats

• Vitamins• Minerals• Water

Proteins

• These are the basic components of body tissue and they also provide energy.

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Protein is made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen, it is found in all cells.

Protein plays a unique role in the growth and repair of body tissue, and they speed up the rate of chemical reactions in the body.

All proteins are made up of amino acids: 11 of them can be produced by the body and 9 others must be supplied by food. The 9 that can not be produced by the body are called essential amino acids.


There are two types of proteins

Complete

A protein that contains all 9 essential amino acids.

Incomplete

A protein that lacks one or more of the essential amino acids.

Carbohydrates• A class of

nutrients containing simple sugars, glycogen and dietary fiber.• A main source

of energy.7| Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI |


There are two types of carbohydrates

Complex: Are low in fat and rich in vitamins, minerals and fiber. Examples would include: pasta, rice and whole grains.

These are a longer lasting energy source.

Simple: Low in fat, missing some essential vitamins and mineral and provides you with a short term energy source.


A complex carbohydrate that does not provide energy. It’s commonly called roughage. It helps to move undigested food through the digestive

tract, preventing constipation & reducing the risk of certain diseases.

corn, rice bran, whole grains, greens and veggies

Dietary fiber

Morning

• Eat protein, it will help jump start your brain.

• It will keep you going throughout the day.


Evening

• Carbohydrates will give you the “chill out” or a relaxed feeling.


Fats

• Fats are energy storage molecules & supply more energy per gram that carbohydrates or proteins



There are two types of fats

Saturated: Usually solid at room temperature and can be found in most animal fats.

They contain single bonds between carbon atoms and the maximum number of bonds of hydrogen atoms.

Unsaturated: Liquid at room temperature and contain fewer bonds of hydrogen.

These are generally found in plants.

Types of Fats


Do We Need Fat in Our Diets?

They store energy in a form that can be used when the body needs it.

They protect our organs.

They insulate our body from the cold.

They transport certain vitamins throughout the body.

They are an important ingredient of several hormones.


Cholesterol

A fat like substance that is part of all animal cells and is needed for

the production of some hormones and fat digestion.


Two Types of cholesterol

• HDL(high-density lipoproteins) compounds that remove cholesterol from the blood and transport it back to the liver.

• LDL(low-density lipoproteins) compounds that carry cholesterol to the cells for cell processing.


Organic substances that assist in the chemical reactions that occur

in the body.

Vitamins


Fat Soluble Vitamins

A: maintains healthy eyes, skin, bones, teeth and keeps the lining of digestive track resistant to infections.

D: promotes normal growth.

E: prevents the destruction of red blood cells.

K: assists with blood clotting.


Water Soluble VitaminsB1: (Thiamine) assists with conversion of carbohydrates to energy.

B2: (Riboflavin) assists with nerve cell function.

B3: (Niacin) maintenance of normal metabolism.

B12: necessary for formation of red blood cells and normal cell function.


B6: (Pyridoxine) necessary for normal carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism.

FOLACIN: necessary for the production of genetic materials.

BIOTIN: necessary for metabolism of carbohydrates and other B vitamins.

PANTOTHENIC ACID: used to produce some hormones and assists with the release of energy.

C(Ascorbic Acid): needed for normal development of connective tissue.


Inorganic substances that are generally absorbed to form

structural components of the body.

Minerals


Minerals

CALCIUM: necessary for normal growth of bones

CHLORINE: maintenance of water balance

COPPER: involved in skin color

IODINE: production of thyroid hormone

IRON: needed for some enzymes

MAGNESIUM: needed for chemical reactions


MANGANESE: normal function of nerve cells

PHOSOHORUS: plays a role in metabolism

POTASSIUM: nerve and muscle function

SODIUM: water balance & nerve conduction.

SULFUR: found in amino acids.

ZINC: needed for digestion, respiration, healing and metabolism.


Nutrient Deficiencies

• Night blindness and impaired growth can result from lack of vitamin A.

• Rickets and/or inadequate growth of bones and teeth comes from a lack of vitamin D.

• Lack of vitamin E can result in anemia.• Lack of vitamin K can cause slow blood clotting.• Deficient in B1 can result in muscle weakness & heart

problems.• Skin sores can be caused by the lack of vitamin B2.• Lack of B3 is a contributing factor of depression.• Skin disorders and hair loss can be from the lack of BIOTIN.

Water

• Water is an essential component in you diet.

• About 2/3 of your body weight is water.



Vs.

• About 65 to 70% of your body weight is water.

• About 55 to 65% of your body weight is water.


Functions of H2O in the Body

*All body functions are chemical reaction and most need water to occur.

*Helps maintain acidity at the proper level so the chemical reactions can occur.

*Helps transport gases, nutrients and waste throughout the body.

*Regulates body temperature.

*water is a produce of chemical reaction that help drive your body processes.


Dehydration

A state which the body has lost more water than has been taken in


Dehydration can occur as a result of heavy physical activity or an illness that includes vomiting, diarrhea, fever or a situation that cause you to sweat profusely. This can happen if you are not drinking enough water.


Thank you

1 | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI | Identify and describe the six classes of dietary nutrients....

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