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![Page 1: 1 Vertical Integration Issues Factors to consider Some historical notes Alternatives Is there a new paradigm? Conclusions.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022083009/5697bf721a28abf838c7e46d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
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Vertical Integration Issues
• Factors to consider
• Some historical notes
• Alternatives
• Is there a new paradigm?
• Conclusions
![Page 2: 1 Vertical Integration Issues Factors to consider Some historical notes Alternatives Is there a new paradigm? Conclusions.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022083009/5697bf721a28abf838c7e46d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
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Factors to Consider• Strategic fit
• Scale, competency and skill match
• Market structure (barriers, availability of complementary assets, capital structure)
• Economics
• Transaction frequency and cost
• Market reliability and feasibility of alternatives
• Asset specificity
• Modularity of product architecture
![Page 3: 1 Vertical Integration Issues Factors to consider Some historical notes Alternatives Is there a new paradigm? Conclusions.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022083009/5697bf721a28abf838c7e46d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
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Some Historical Notes• Least profitable attempts were medium size SBU’s - Hayes
and Wheelwright
• Long histories of self-delusion
• Falls of sacred cows
• Trends in transaction costs
• Trade barriers and oligopolies
• Some successful alternatives
– Joint ventures
– Asset ownership
– Franchises and licenses
– Supplier coordination
– Tiered relationships
![Page 4: 1 Vertical Integration Issues Factors to consider Some historical notes Alternatives Is there a new paradigm? Conclusions.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022083009/5697bf721a28abf838c7e46d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
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Factors that in general are leading away from integration
• Information technology and e-commerce
• Past advantages of tariff, pricing, scale and oligopolies
• Current advantages of focus, risk management and economies of scale and scope
• Internet networks and the virtual supply chain
![Page 5: 1 Vertical Integration Issues Factors to consider Some historical notes Alternatives Is there a new paradigm? Conclusions.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022083009/5697bf721a28abf838c7e46d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
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Intel Moto AMD etc
Microsoft Mac Unix
HP Epson Seagate etc etc
Microsoft Lotus Novell etc
AOL Netscape EDS etc
HP Compaq IBM Dell etc(A. Grove, Intel; and Farrell, Hunter & Saloner, Stanford, from Clockspeed, by Fine)
Horizontal Industry Structure with Modular Product Architecture
Computer Industry example, 1985-1995
Microprocessors
Operating Systems
Peripherals
Applications Software
Network Sevices
Assembled Hardware
![Page 6: 1 Vertical Integration Issues Factors to consider Some historical notes Alternatives Is there a new paradigm? Conclusions.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022083009/5697bf721a28abf838c7e46d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
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One approach for vertical restructuring - Stuckey and White