1 UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA President’s Office, Planning and Privatization Participatory...
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Transcript of 1 UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA President’s Office, Planning and Privatization Participatory...
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UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA President’s Office, Planning and Privatization
Participatory District Agricultural Development Planning for Sustainable Development: The Case of
Mbeya Rural District
Integrated Assessment and Planning for Sustainable Development
Second Review Meeting
Geneva, September 21-22, 2005
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Background (1)
Original focus of the assessment:To enhance capacities on agriculture, poverty
alleviation, environmental management and sustainable trade promotion
Basis for selection: Integrated policy approaches for maximum
contribution of economic and trade policies80%-85% of Tanzanians depend on agriculture and
agricultural related activities for their livelihoods
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Background (2)
The original key objectives of the project
- Strengthening environmental, social and economic institutional cooperation and coordination.
- Facilitating the design of integrated policies, plans, and programmes
- Enhancing capacity for sustainable development
- Contributing to the country’s commitment to the goals of WSSD plan of implementation
No change in focus and objectives
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Key policy scenarios
Food self-sufficiency attainment Will guarantee increased involvement in economic
activities for poverty reduction. Increased income
Will enhance capacities for agricultural production, environmental management and trade promotion
Will lead to sustainable income increase resulting into poverty reduction.
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Productive sector to be assessed
Agricultural sector
Majority of Tanzanians (over 80%) depend on agriculture and agricultural related activities for their livelihoods.
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Assessing economic, social and environmental impacts
Key methods
SWOT Analysis Trend Analysis Poverty Monitoring Systems (PMS) Gender Budget Analysis (GBA)
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Process used in implementing the project
Community participation and consultation
Opportunities and Obstacles for Development (O &OD)
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Assessment framework – Agricultural SectorMaize and Tomato Production in Ijombe Ward, 2005Economic Indicators
Maize production - Food self sufficiency
Tomato production - Alternative crop - increasing income
Total Production 2,346,000 kg 2,904,000 kg
Yield 1200 kg/acre 4000 kg/acre
Per capita consumption 152 kg
Total income Tsh. 89,610,000.= Tsh.308,480,000.=
Per capita income Tsh. 10,000.=
(USD 8.81)
Tsh 34,335.= (USD 30.25)
Indicative border price Tsh. 150.=/kg Tsh. 400.=/kg.
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Assessment framework (2)
Social Indicators Maize production - Food self sufficiency
Tomato production - Alternative crop - increasing income
Population/Households 8984 / 2439
Active labour force 3002 (33%)
Abject poor 781
Schools Primary 6 (pupils enrolled 2543)
Secondary 1 (pupils enrolled 400)
Dispensary 1
HIV/AIDS Impact Productivity reduced by 5%
Rural roads 100% passable during the year
Clean water 1311 (54%) households
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Assessment framework (3)
Environment Indicators
Maize production - Food self sufficiency
Tomato production - Alternative crop - increasing income
Total area 5539 acres
Total cultivated acreage 4563 acres
Related crop acreage 1955 acres 728 acres
Fertilizer use per acre Tsh 40,000 (UREA) Tsh 40,000 (CAN)
Insecticide use per acre Tsh 96,000
Climate for crop good good
Forest acreage 1600 acres
Area threatened by soil erosion
100 acres
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Initial effects
Scenario effects on price
Increase in price of maize leads to increase in land acreage and possibly degradation
For the alternative crop, increase in price leads to increase in use of insecticides that have environmental hazard effects
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Effects of price change/incentives (1)
Changes in price or incentive will lead to:
Product Increased production Increased use of biological and mechanical inputs
Scale Increased acreage Conducting EIA Small, medium, large scale farmers
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Effects of price change/incentives (2)
Changes in price or incentive will lead to:
StructuralOrganizational skillsMarkets, market facilitation and information
databaseLogisticsSpecialization
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Effects of price change/incentives (3)
Changes in price or incentive will lead to:
Technology Use of irrigation technology Agricultural, mechanization Use of biological inputs Introduction of SMEs to add value
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Effects of price change/incentives (4)
Changes in price or incentive will lead to:Regulatory • Bye laws, prohibiting cultivation around water
sources• Labour laws• Contract laws• Cross border trade rules• Revenue authority laws• Licencing
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Economic/Trade Effects (by 2007)
Indicator Maize Production Tomato Production
Crop output Doubled to 5 mn kg
(increased yield/acre - use
of new simple technologies)
> Doubled to 6 mn kg
(increased acreage)
(increased yield/acre)
Income Sale of 3.5 mn kg will fetch Tsh 350 mn
Border trade with Malawi & Zambia will grow
Sale will fetch Tsh 600 mn
Small scale enterp. (processing) and jobs
Poverty Level 50% reduction of abject poor (781 to 390)
(income for child education, basic health care, nutrition)
Poverty reduction
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Environmental Effects
Indicator Maize Production Tomato Production
Soil degradation
Soil degradation as a resultof increased use of land and fertilizer
Environmental hazards caused by increased use of insecticides
Soil erosion Soil erosion caused byclearance of new land
Pollution of water sources due to increased use of insecticides
Natural resource degradation
Deforestation caused by land Clearance
Air pollution caused by insecticidesspraying
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Effects on social well-being and poverty
Indicator Maize Production Tomato Production
Number of Primary School Classrooms
Increase of Classrooms by 57% from 7 to 11.
Increase of classrooms by 65% from 7 to 12.
Access to basic health needs
Reduction of malnutrition by 52% from 25 to 12
Reduction of malnutrition by 76% from 25 to 6.
Reduction of Abject Poverty
Reduction of abject poor households by 52% from 193 to 93.
Reduction of abject poor households by 67% from 193 to 64.
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Social effects - Winners and losers
Winners Maize and tomato
producers Women and youth School-age children Malnourished children Abject poor households Traders/stockists Local authorities
Losers The landless Environmental activists Groups/individuals
without linkages to agricultural based activities
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Secondary effects (1)
Increased maize production --- increased income --- poverty reduction.
(Increased tomato production will have the same if not a larger effect)
Reduction of poverty and positive changes in social well-being will lead to increased investments in economic activities which will lead to increased resources use as well as trade expansion.
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Secondary effects (2)
Trade expansion --- employment creation --- increased incomes and economic growth.
Increased income, more use of natural resources, and increased use of agro-chemicals --- a negative effect on the environment --- harmful to economic growth
--- counter productive to poverty reduction.
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Recommendations (1)
For ExAnte- or Concurrent Assessment Policy formulation and plans to show interconnection
between economic growth, poverty reduction, trade and the environment
For Ex-Post Assessment Formulation of bye-laws and regulations for
environmental protection and trade promotion Provision of incentives for trade promotion and
environmental protection
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Recommendations (2)
To improve the process of policy/plan-making Raise awareness among members Facilitate public participation in the interpretation of
the issues at grass-root level Give marginalized groups a chance of being heard .
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Enabling conditions
• Skills development at district, ward and village level
• Awareness creation on environmental protection issues at the grass-root level
• Provision of information on alternative income generating activities at grass-root level.
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Needed Actions
WhoGovernment, Private sector, Civil society
WhatPlan formulation, Management and
Implementation, M&E
WhenBefore,during and after implementation of the
plans
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Lessons Learned (1)
There is a link between economic growth, poverty, trade and the environment.
Alternative income generating activities have different poverty reduction impact.
Skills development, awareness creation and capacity building measures are essential for the achievement of the project objectives.
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Lessons Learned (2)
Gender equity is necessary for enhanced economic growth and poverty reduction.
Political commitment is essential in preparing the policy/plan and its implementation.
Good governance and the rule of law are essential for successful implementation of the policy/plan.