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UIUC Accelerator Physics

Group

by

Deborah Errede

ICAR Workshop

Argonne National Laboratory

5/20/2004

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What and Who are We?

1) The Muon Collaboration - Neutrino Factories, Muon Colliders - institutions * (USA, China, Europe(CERN), Germany, Great Britain, Israel, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Russia and California) - cooling channel, targetry, machine simulations and design

A) Mucool Experiment - Muon Cooling Channel absorber, high field NCRF cavity, magnet, machine simulations and design - Mucool Test Area (MTA) equipment for experimental hall, shielding studies

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What and Who are We?

1) The Muon Collaboration

------------------------------

B) MICE

- International Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment

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What and Who are We?

*The Muon Collaboration –Argonne National Laboratory

Brookhaven National Laboratory

Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics

CERN

Columbia University

Cornell University

DESY Zeuthen

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory

Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe

Illinois Institute of Technology

Imperial College London

Indiana University

INFN-LNF

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna

Kernfysisch Versneller Instituut, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen

Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory

Michigan State University

Northern Illinois University

Northwestern University

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What and Who are We?

*The Muon Collaboration –Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Osaka University

Oxford University

Pohang University of Science and Technology

Princeton University

Rutherford Appleton Laboratory

Tech-X Corporation

Tel Aviv University / BNL

Thomas Jefferson National Laboratory

University of California, Berkeley

University of California, Davis

University of California, Riverside

University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign

University of Iowa

University of Mississippi

University of Wisconsin

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MUCOOL RF R&D (not UIUC)

High Power 805 MHz Test Facility12 MW klystron

Linac-type modulator & controlsX-Ray cavern

5T two-coil SC SolenoidDark-current & X-Ray instrumentation

Need high gradient cavities in multi-Tesla solenoid field

Concept 1 – open cell cavity withhigh surface field

Concept 2 – pillbox cavity - close aperture with thin conducting foil

805 MHz Cavity built & testedSurface fields 53 MV/m achieved Large dark currents observedBreakdown damage at highest gradientsLots of ideas for improvement

805 MHz Cavity built & being tested

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Cooling Channel Lattice CellIncludes UIUC

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Physics Motivation for Neutrino Factory

Depends on outcome of miniBoone/LSND etc and superbeams

(K. Paul talk Phenom 2003 … PhD HEP theory)

Superbeams Nu-Factories

sin213

sin213 < 0.01 sin213 limit m213 sign

sinCP violation

sin213 > 0.01 sin213 CP violation

sin213

sin213 > 0.01 m213 sign precision

CP violation measurements

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What and Who are We?

3) UIUC Group: presentDebbie Errede (principal investigator)

Zachary Conway – grad student (accelerator physics) Gefei Qian – grad student (condensed matter theory) Mike Haney – electrical engineer Dave Lesny – Mucool Cluster manager Larry Nelson – Mucool Cluster manager Kevin Paul – computational accelerator theorist Igor Rakhno – computational nuclear theorist *George Gollin – hep experimental physicist

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What and Who are We?

3) UIUC Group: past

Jason Crnkovic – NSF REU student

Lauren Ducas – UIUC undergrad

Stephanie Majewski – UIUC undergrad

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What and Who are We?

UIUC Group: projects Cooling Channel Energy Absorber – Conway, Crnkovic, Ducas, Errede, Haney, Majewski, Qian - absorber window testing - absorber instrumentation and daq - temperature probe R&D (fiber optic transducers at cryogenic temperatures and calibration) - absorber flow tests, heat tests, beam tests Mucool Computation Cluster – Lesny, Nelson - 15-20 2 to 3 GHz dual processor boxes

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What and Who are We?

UIUC Group: projects

Mucool Test Area (experimental) – Errede, Haney, Qian

RF Cavity dark current measurements – Ducas

SCRF Development – Conway (UIUC grad student) (this is Argonne Natl Lab with Ken Shepard et al)

* Tesla Damping Ring kicker magnet tests (George Gollin-UIUC)

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Absorber Window Program

UIUC’s contributions include: -design and implementation of a data acquisition system for stress/strain testing, pressure/burst testing. [testing mode changed to photogrametry (new technique) which required verification by standard strain gauge techniques] -engineering for construction of pressure regulation apparatus -undergraduate (Stephanie Majewski) data handling and analysis

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Absorber Aluminum Window Pressure/Burst Testing

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Absorber Aluminum Window Pressure/Burst Testing

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Data Acquisition/Instrumentation

List of electronics from window pressure test stand:

PCLabviewGPIB interface+cableNational Instruments 16 channel ADC5B signal conditioning backplanes and modulespressure transducers 

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Absorber Instrumentation

The absorber will live in a hostile environment:

-The absorber will absorb 100-1000 Watts depending on beam intensity in cooling channel muon beam.

-The MTA will provide a 400 MeV proton beam of ~ 1013 protons/pulse @ 15 Hz to mimic the dE/dx deposition of a muon beam.

-The absorber sits inside a solenoid of 4 Tesla (~1.5 T at absorber in cooling channel design)

- The absorber is filled with liquid hydrogen thus operates at cryogenic temperature (14 –20K)

THUS the monitoring devices must be rad-hard, and able to operate in high magnetic fields and cryogenic temps.

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Cryogenic Testing of Temperature Gauges

Jason Crnkovic

2003 Summer REU Student at UIUC

8/8/2003

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PurposeProviding temperature information for cooling channel energy absorber undergoing testing in Mucool Test Area

Study properties of fiberoptic gauges at cryogenic temperatures.

HistoryZ. Conway, M. Haney, (D. Errede) got the experiment going, purchasing equipment, setting up cryostat, installing sensors.

Zack wrote the daq for our test setup and absorber testing in situ.

Jason Crnkovic, D. Errede, M. Haney studied the systematic errors associated with the test setup.

Gefei Qian has added some nice modifications to the daq and written a temperature conversion program whose algorithm looks better than Lakeshores.

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Sensors under consideration

FISO Temperature Gauge

Cernox

Diode

Diagram found at:

http://www.lakeshore.com/temp/sen/F017_00_00.pdf

Diagram found at:http://www.lakeshore.com/temp/sen/F031_00_00.pdf

Diagram found at:http://www.fiso.com/pdf.php?id=66

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Cernox devices

For the record: the sensitive part of the device is a chip ceramic oxynitride, gold pads, and sapphire substrate.

SD package: chip mounted on sapphire base with alumina body and lid. Molybdenum/Manganese with nickel and gold plating on base and lid. Gold-tin solder as hermitic lid seal.

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Temperature diode and resistive transducers (experiment in Urbana)

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Picture of daq screen.

24Figure 4: Sensor Circuit Diagram

Rwire ~ 15 Ohms/m, length/wire about ½ meter

Rwire

I = 10.0001 +- 0.0001 Amps

I V

Rwire

Rwire

Rwire

I - Z = 10 GOhms

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TestWe examined the voltages and resistances of all loops in the circuit, both as 4 wire and 2-wire resistance measurements, with the sensors in and out of the circuit. We reversed the current through the loops to look for current-direction independent potentials.

I V

Rwire

Rwire

Rwire

I -

I

Rwire

Keithley

The temperature dependent potentials increase with an increase in temperature.

No significant effects were found under stable temperature conditions.

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Cernox 21265 and 27990 Resistance vs. Temperature

59.1

468.7

322.9336.5

166.91

60.23

597.5

400.4418.65

196.51

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Temperature (K)

Res

ista

nce

(Ohm

s)

Cernox 21265

Cernox 27990

Temperature Sample Chamber

Data from Teststand using Cernox RTDs

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Status

The status of the commissioning of the Cernox is that the calibrated sensors work (+- 0.03K @ 20K) better than the specifications of our needs (+- 0.1K @ 20K).

The electronics (Lakeshore 218s) are not measuring resistances to within specifications (worse than 1% in the 100-1000 Ohm range). The Keithley multimeter (6 ½ digit precision, accurancy tested with high precision resistors; 100 & 1000 Ohms) that we bought demonstrates that the problem lies with the Lakeshore electronics.

One 218 has been sent back to Lakeshore for corrected calibration. All 218s demonstrate the same problem and will be sent back to Lakeshore.

The temperature sensor system is presently operational with the Keithleys and the simple daq provided by Keithley.

The Conway/Qian DAQ handles 218s, the IRM, the FISO fiber optic transducers, and the PCI-MIO-E16 ADC.

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Mucool Cluster (Dave Lesny)

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Mucool Computer System

Alpha server 20E~20 dual Intel compute serversAIT-2 tape drivesswitch with 120 100 Mbits ports, 12 Gigabit portsDesktop PCslaptopsKVM & cables1 TB Disc

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Mucool Test Area

-purchase of quadlog daq system for cryogenic system

-engineering consulation for vacuum fixtures and their purchase -hiring I. Rakhno for shielding calculations for experimental hall and beam dump (fall 2003)

(and of course, location of experiment/instrumentation)

New MUCOOL Test Facility

Fill & test absorbersHP 201 MHz (& 805 MHz ?) TestsIntegrate components into a unitTest in intense ionizing beam

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RF Cavity Field Emission Tests (summer 2001)

UIUC Undergraduate Lauren Ducas under supervision of Jim Norem (ANL) -studied made dark current measurements (Fowler-Nordheim field emission)

using spectrometer in Lab G (800 MHz cavity)

-undergraduate independent study paper on polishing techniques for cavities including new magnetorheological finishing.

Contribution of equipment (ccd camera, pc, digital scope) for studies

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What and Who are We?UIUC Group: projects

Simulations – Errede, Makino, Paul, Rakhno

Quadrupole Cooling Channel & Design Comparisons(COSY

INFINITY) – Errede, Makino, Paul

Quadrupole Buncher - Paul

Tetra Muon Ring Cooler, Muon Storage Ring with

Combined Function Magnets(COSY INFINITY) - Makino

Neutrino Factory Targetry and Collection System Design

(MARS) – Paul

Development of Computational Tools – Makino

Shielding Calculations for MTA – Rakhno

Energy Deposition Studies in Absorber – Rakhno

APS Neutrinos Physics study – Paul (PhD in Particle physics)

Linear Quadrupole Cooling ChannelAlternative design to solenoid-type cooling channel (as in feasibility study 2)

Simple FODO lattice design has advantages - neither RF cavity nor absorber are in magnetic field reducing field emission complications for cavity - easier construction and assembly - 65% transmission - larger momentum acceptance (150 – 450 MeV) - presumably less expensive than sfofo channel

Disadvantages - cooling factor 2 versus 12 (better for frontend precooler)

Review paper being written:Group includes M. Berz(MSU), C. Johnstone(FNAL), D. Errede, K. Makino*, K. Paul (UIUC) *now at MSU

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Construction of FODO Quad Cooling Cell

1/2 1/2 abs F rf D rf F rf D abs

COOLING CELL PHYSICAL PARAMETERS:

Quad Length 0.6 mQuad bore 0.6 mPoletip Field ~1 TInterquad space 0.4 - 0.5 mAbsorber length 0.35 m *RF cavity length 0.4 - 0.7 m*Total cooling cell length 4 m

*The absorber and the rf cavity can be made longer if allowed to extend into the ends of the magnets.

Or, more rf can be added by inserting another FODO cell between absorbersIn this design For applications further upstream at larger emittances, this channel can support a 0.8

m bore, 0.8 m long quadrupole with no intervening drift without matching to the channel described here.

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Muon Beam Ionization Cooling in a Linear Quadrupole Channel  

C. Johnstone Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P.O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USA. Email: cjj@fnal.gov.

 

M. BerzDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. Email: berz@msu.edu.

 

D. Errede and K. Makino Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1110 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801-3080, USA. Email: derrede@uiuc.edu, makino@

uiuc.edu.

 

Abstract 

In a scenario for either a Neutrino Factory or Muon Collider, the anticipated transverse beam emittance subsequent to capture and phase rotation is so large that it permits a relaxation of the requirements on beam spot size in the early stages relative to the final stages of ionization cooling. Staging the cooling process according to initial emittances, coupled with modest cooling factors, permits more optimal and efficient cooling channel designs and avoids much of the difficulty encountered with channels which attempt to maintain strong focusing (large, 300-500 mr, divergences) across ultra-large momentum ranges ( 20% p/p). Relaxation of spot size at the absorber, especially in the “precooling” stage, allowed development of an efficient 4D, or transverse, cooling channel based simply on a quadrupole FODO cell. This work describes the design of such a cooling channel and its application as an upstream stage of beam cooling. Being a linear

channel with no bends, it serves to reduce the large transverse beam size delivered from muon-beam capture and bunching before entering more restricted optical structures such as 6D cooling channels or accelerators.

Published in NIM

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Stochastic Processes in Muon Ionization Cooling   

 

D. Errede, K. MakinoDepartment of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1110 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801-3080, USA.

Email: derrede@uiuc.edu, makino@uiuc.edu. 

M. BerzDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.

Email: berz@msu.edu. 

C. J. Johnstone, A. Van GinnekenFermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P.O.Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USA.

Email: cjj@fnal.gov, vangin@fnal.gov 

  Abstract  A muon ionization cooling channel consists of three major components; the magnet optics, an acceleration cavity, and an energy absorber. The absorber of liquid hydrogen contained by thin aluminum windows is the only component which introduces stochastic processes into the otherwise deterministic acceleration system. The scattering dynamics of the transverse coordinates is described by Gaussian distributions. The asymmetric energy loss function is represented by the Vavilov distribution characterized by the minimum number of collisions necessary for a particle undergoing loss of the energy distribution average resulting from the Bethe-Bloch formula. Examples of the interplay between stochastic processes and deterministic beam dynamics are given. 

Published in NIM

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COSY : Kyoko Makino (UIUC), Martin Berz (MSU)Muon Storage Ring

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Same Lattice with End Fields addedMuon Storage Ring

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Conclusions

• The University of Illinois has a strong program in both experimental development - absorber development and instrumentation (absorber flow testing scheduled for this fall in MTA) and simulation and design - linear cooling channels, ring coolers, muon storage ring : COSY INFINITY - targetry collection system: MARS - MTA shielding studies: MARS - MICE uncertainty sensitivity studies

and particle theory!! - APS neutrino physics study

• A test area for cooling channel components is under contruction at Fermilab (MTA)…partial completion….(eventually linac 400 MeV proton beam)….presently in use for KEK convection absorber tests.

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Conclusions

•A Muon Collaboration exists that has done two feasibility studies on neutrino factory designs and R&D on targetry, absorbers, 800 (200) MHz NCRF cavities, solenoid magnets, and constructing a test area off of the Fermilab 400 MeV/c proton linac. Design studies for Linear Cooling Channels, Ring Coolers, FFAG machines, Emittance Exchange are ongoing.• Alternative technologies pursued at CERN and in Japan.• Future plans include the construction of a cooling channel lattice cell to be tested in a low intensity muon beam at Rutherford Labs near Oxford, England (MICE)• Contributing 10k$ towards bpm’s for Tesla Damping Ring kicker magnet tests. (George Gollin-UIUC)