1 Truck-Pavement Interaction Research Program Tire Study International Workshop on the Use of...

Federal Highway Administration

Truck Pavement Interaction

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Truck-Pavement Interaction Truck-Pavement Interaction Research ProgramResearch Program

Tire StudyTire StudyInternational Workshop on the Use of International Workshop on the Use of

Widebase TiresWidebase Tires

October 25-26, 2007October 25-26, 2007FHWA TFHRCFHWA TFHRC



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Phase IPhase I Dynamic EffectsDynamic Effects

Phase IIPhase II Pressure/Footprint/ANNPressure/Footprint/ANN

Phase IIIPhase III Hot Weather ShearHot Weather Shear

Phase IVPhase IV Accelerated LoadingAccelerated Loading

TTA C.4TTA C.4

Tire/Pavement EffectsTire/Pavement Effects



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• 3D Tire Pressure Tests “South African 3D Tire Pressure Tests “South African Vehicle-Road Surface Pressure Transducer Vehicle-Road Surface Pressure Transducer Array (VRSPTA)”Array (VRSPTA)”

• 1D Tire Pressure Tests “Kistler MODULUS 1D Tire Pressure Tests “Kistler MODULUS Quartz Sensor Array”Quartz Sensor Array”

• Artificial Neural Network model for bias and Artificial Neural Network model for bias and radial tires (ANN)radial tires (ANN)

Phase II - Tire Pavement Interface Phase II - Tire Pavement Interface Pressure Patterns (TPIPP)Pressure Patterns (TPIPP)

TTA C.4 (Cont.)TTA C.4 (Cont.)



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3D Tire Pressure Print Tests3D Tire Pressure Print Tests

TTA C.4 (Cont.) TTA C.4 (Cont.)

Phase II - TPIPPPhase II - TPIPP

Tire Type Load Range Inflation Pressure RangekN (% of rated) kPa (% of rated)

G(10.00x20) Bias Ply 26-56 (60-200) 220-920 (32-148)G159A(11R22.5) 26-56 (61-206) 220-920 (32-148)BF Goodrich Aircraft 26-156 (13-78) 1040 (67)G159A(295/75R22.5) 26-41 (59-139) 420-820 (61-119)G286(425/65R22.5) 26-106 (46-230) 500-1000 (71-143)G178(385/65R22.5) 30-50 (82-137) 500-1000 (71-143)



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ANN Tire ModelANN Tire Model


G(10.00x20) Bias Ply 26-56 (60-200) 220-920 (32-148)G159A(11R22.5) 26-56 (61-206) 220-920 (32-148)





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3D VRSPTA Measurement3D VRSPTA Measurement



3D ANN Model Prediction3D ANN Model Prediction



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1D Tire Pressure Print Tests1D Tire Pressure Print Tests


G159A(295/75R22.5) 9-35 (35-139) 420-827 (61-120)G286(425/65R22.5) 9-60 (20-138) 482-1000 (70-145)MXZA2(275/80R22.5) 9-62(19-135) 482-1000 (70-145)MXDA(495/45R22.5) 9-35(35-139) 420-827 (61-120)





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0

25

49

74

98

123

147

172

196

221

245

1

5

9

13

17

21

25

29

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

Contact Stress (MPa)

Michelin 495/45R22.5 Wide Base Tire

1.6-1.8

1.4-1.6

1.2-1.4

1-1.2

0.8-1

0.6-0.8

0.4-0.6

Longitudinal (mm)

Inflation Pressure: 1000 kPa Applied Vertical Load: 62 kN

Temperature : 16 ºCTest Vehicle Speed: 1.1 m/sMax Stress: 1.666 MPa



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Phase III - Hot Weather Shear – Phase III - Hot Weather Shear – LTPP SPS-8 Ohio Test RoadLTPP SPS-8 Ohio Test Road• Two Asphalt Concrete thicknessesTwo Asphalt Concrete thicknesses

• Unique instrumentation of embedded gages Unique instrumentation of embedded gages to measure vertical shear and temperature to measure vertical shear and temperature with depthwith depth

• Three speeds, three tire inflation pressures, Three speeds, three tire inflation pressures, dual and wide-base tiresdual and wide-base tires

• FHWA Test Truck measures Road Profile FHWA Test Truck measures Road Profile and Dynamic Wheel Forcesand Dynamic Wheel Forces

TTA C.4 (Cont.)TTA C.4 (Cont.)



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JPCPJPCP

NN

WHOH!WHOH! WHOH!WHOH!

WHOH!WHOH! WHOH!WHOH!ACAC

8”8” 4”4”

Ohio SHRP LTPP SPS-1, 2 & 8Ohio SHRP LTPP SPS-1, 2 & 8



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Strain Gage Rosette Configuration on Square HolesStrain Gage Rosette Configuration on Square Holes



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Wide Base (G286 & MXDA)Wide Base (G286 & MXDA) Dual (G159 & MXZA2)Dual (G159 & MXZA2)

Test Test SeriesSeries

Speed Speed (mph)(mph)

Tire Inflation Tire Inflation Pressure (psi)Pressure (psi)

Test Test SeriesSeries

Speed Speed (mph)(mph)

Tire Inflation Tire Inflation Pressure (psi)Pressure (psi)

11 55 7070 1010 55 7070

22 2525 7070 1111 2525 7070

33 5555 7070 1212 5555 7070

44 55 100100 1313 55 100100

55 2525 100100 1414 2525 100100

66 5555 100100 1515 5555 100100

77 55 120120 1616 55 120120

88 2525 120120 1717 2525 120120

99 5555 120120 1818 5555 120120

Test Run SeriesTest Run Series



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Goodyear Dual G159A(295/75R22.5), 1st Hole, Vertical, 8" AC, 120 psi, 5 mph, Lat. Dist. = 9", Temp@ 1",3.5",7" = 45.7,38.2 and 32.1 C

-2000

-1800

-1600

-1400

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

5 5.2 5.4 5.6 5.8 6 6.2 6.4 6.6

Time (s)

Mic

ros

tra

in

Top

Bottom



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Goodyear Dual G159 (295/75R22.5), 1st Hole, Horizontal 8" AC, 120 psi, 5 mph, Lat. Dist. = 9", Temp@ 1",3.5",7" = 45.7,38.2 and 32.1 C

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

5 5.2 5.4 5.6 5.8 6 6.2 6.4 6.6

Time (s)

Mic

rost

rain

Top

Bottom



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Other Data and Tests…Other Data and Tests…

• Weather StationWeather Station

• FWDFWD

• Surface Profile & Truck DynamicsSurface Profile & Truck Dynamics

• Material CharacterizationMaterial Characterization– Creep Creep

– RelaxationRelaxation

– Triangular LoadTriangular Load



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TPI Tire Testing StatusTPI Tire Testing Status

TTA C.4TTA C.4 (Cont.) (Cont.)

Radial Tires * Phase I Phase II Phase III Phase IVDynamics Pressure Prints Hot Weather APT

Road DYNTRAC 3D Tests 1D Tests ANN Pvmnt Shear Flex/Flex OL

G(10 x 20) X X XG159(11R22.5) ** X X X XG286(425/65R22.5) X X X X oG159(295/75R22.5) X X X X oG (385/65/R22.5) XMXZA2(275/80R22.5) X X oMXDA(495/45R22.5) X X oMX(American) ***

o Planned X Completed Test* Except G(10x20) ** On FHWA Test Truck in Ohio *** Not Yet Received



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Test Tires:Test Tires:


Phase IV - Accelerated LoadingPhase IV - Accelerated Loading

Goodyear DualGoodyear Dual G159A(295/75R22.5)G159A(295/75R22.5)Goodyear S.S. Goodyear S.S. G286(425/65R22.5)G286(425/65R22.5)Michelin Dual Michelin Dual MXZA2(275/80R22.5)MXZA2(275/80R22.5)Michelin S.S.Michelin S.S. MXDA(495/45R22.5)MXDA(495/45R22.5)**

* Prototype* Prototype



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Test MatrixTest MatrixRutting Fatigue

Wander Bell to be specified Bell to be specifiedAC Thickness 3"-4" 3"-4"Temperature 50 C 50 FFailure Criteria 0.5"-0.75" 50% Cracking (VESYS)Load 40 kN (9000 lb.) 40 kN (9000 lb.)Tire Pressure Manufacturer Rated Manufacturer RatedSpeed 2.24 m/s (5 mph) 2.24 m/s (5 mph)Traffic One way One way

TTA C.4 (Cont.) TTA C.4 (Cont.) Phase IV - Accelerated LoadingPhase IV - Accelerated Loading

1 Truck-Pavement Interaction Research Program Tire Study International Workshop on the Use of...

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