1 Topic1 Intro

8/13/2019 1 Topic1 Intro

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JABATAN MATEMATIK SAINS DAN KOMPUTER


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Course Structure: Continous Assesment

Item No Percentage

1. Quiz 1 10 %2. Lab Work 5 50 %

3. Project 1 40 %

TOTAL 100 %

Attandance Less < 80 % FAIL


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NO TOPIC Time Allocation

(hour)

1 Computer System 4

2 Internet 4

3 Word Processor 4

4 Spreadsheets Ms Excel 4

5 Project Management 6

6 Presentation and The Basics of Multimedia 8


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CLOASSESSMENT METHODS FOR

COURSEWORK (CA)

CONTEXT CLO1 CLO2 CLO3QUIZ

(1) 10%

LABORATORY

EXERCISE

(5) 50%

PROJECT (1)

40%

Computer System

Internet

Word Processor

Spreadsheets

Project Management

Presentation and

Basic Of Multimedia

i. Continuous Assessment (CA) - 100%

ii. Final Examination (FE) - 0%

Assessment of this course is as follows:


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Definations of computer:

A programmable machine thataccepts input, processes itaccording to specified rules orinstructions, and producesoutput.

an electronic device that stores,retrieves, and processes data,and can be programmed withinstructions.


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The First Generation: 1946-1958(The Vacuum Tube Years)ENIAC, the Mark 1, and the IAS computer

The Second Generation: 1959-1964

(The Era of the Transistor)

Mainframes

The Third Generation: 1965-1970

(Integrated Circuits - Miniaturizing the Computer)

Mainframes , Minicomputers

The Fourth Generation: 1971-Today(The Microprocessor)

Mainframes,Minicomputers, Microcomputers

The Fifth Generation: 2000-Today

(Artificial Intelligence) ????

Evolution of Computers


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Categories of Computers

Personal computersPersonal computers are desktop computers

designed for an individual's use. They run

programs designed to help individuals

accomplish their work more productively.

Servers

Servers are not designed to be used

directly. They make programs and

data available for people hooked up to

a computer network, a collection of

computers connected together so that

they can exchange data.


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MinicomputersComputer that is smaller, less expensive, and less

powerful than a mainframe or supercomputer, but

more expensive and more powerful than a

personal computer. Minicomputers are used for

scientific and engineering computations, business-

transaction processing, file handling, and database

management, and are often now referred to as

small or midsize servers.

Mainframes

Mainframes are huge, multi-user systemsdesigned to handle gigantic processing jobs in

large corporations or government agencies. A

powerful multi-user computer capable of

supporting many hundreds or thousands of

users simultaneously.



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Supercomputers

The fastest type of computer. Supercomputers are very

expensive and are employed for specialized applications

that require immense amounts of mathematical

calculations. For example, weather forecasting requiresa supercomputer. Other uses of supercomputers include

animated graphics, fluid dynamic calculations, nuclear

energy research, and petroleum exploration


.


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Laptop

A laptop computeris a personal computer for

mobile use. A laptop utilizes most of the same

components as a desktop computer, including a

display , a keyboard , a pointing device such as atouchpad (also known as a trackpad) and/or a

pointing stick , and speakers into a single unit.

A laptop is powered by mains electricity via an

Ac Adapter, and can be used away from an outlet

using a rechargable battery.

Laptops are also sometimes called notebook

computers, notebooksor netbooks.

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Computer System and Programs

A computer system consists of hardware andsoftware

Hardware is the physical equipment such as the case, floppy

disk drives,keyboard, monitor, printers

Software describes the programs that are used to operate the

computer system. It is also called programs, instructthe computer on how to operate.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Computer-aj_aj_ashton_01.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Computer-aj_aj_ashton_01.svghttp://www.google.com.my/imgres?imgurl=http://hchservice.com/software.jpg&imgrefurl=http://hchservice.com/&usg=__WAJGAMttigf7dyTAPAjzlTDiuco=&h=467&w=700&sz=69&hl=en&start=21&zoom=1&tbnid=wzE9-3_wtSQ1HM:&tbnh=93&tbnw=140&ei=mPcNUO26EIj5rQeD84CIBg&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dcomputer%2Bsoftware%26hl%3Den%26gbv%3D2%26tbm%3Disch&itbs=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Computer-aj_aj_ashton_01.svg


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INPUTDEVICE

CPU

(CENTRALPROCESSING UNIT) OUTPUT

DEVICE

STORAGE

Example :

Keyboard,Mouse

Example:

Hardisk,

Disk

Example:

Printer,Speaker

Components of Computers


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Computer


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Input DeviceA device that feeds data into a computer, such as a

Keyboard,mouse and joystick.

CPU

The central processing unit, or CPU, isthe part of thencomputer that executes

software programs,including the

Operating system .Also call the

brains of the computer.



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Storage

Store the dataTwo parts of storage: Primary

Storage and Secondary Storage

Output Device

Anything that comes out of

computer

Output devices includeDisplay screens,

loudspeakers, and printers.

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CPUs have three basic parts

1. The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)does all of the mathematics in a computer

does all of the logic comparisons of values

some common logic comparison symbols

= equal to < less than

> greater than = greater than or equal to not equal

2. The Control Unit

directs the flow of information into the CPU and/or memory or storage

controls which instructions the CPU will do next

3. Registers

Used to store data and instructions inside the processor

Size of the registers can affect the speed and performance of the

processor
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A computer system unit contains many parts.

Motherboard- The motherboard is the main

circuit board of a microcomputer. It is alsoknown as the mainboard or system board.

CPU- The CPU is the central electronic chip

that determines the processing power of the

computer.

Memory- Memory is the part of the computer

that temporarily stores applications,

documents, and stem operating information.

Bus- A bus is an electronic line that allows 1sand 0s to move from one place to another.

Expansion Slots- Expansions slots appear

on the motherboard. They are sockets into

which adapters are connected.

Ports and Connectors- A port is a connector

located on the motherboard or on a separate

adapter.Bays- A bay is a space inside the computer

case where a hard drive, floppy drive or CD-

ROM drive sits

Power Supply- A power supply changes

normal household electricity into electricity

that a computer can use.

Sound Components- A sound card lets acomputer play and record high quality sound.

Componenst of CPU


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Primary storage Main internal storage of a computer . Primary storage is used to

store data that is likely to be in active use.

2 types of primary storage:

RAM(random Access Memory)

Temporary memory

is a volatile

the information is lost after the power is switched off.

ROM(Read Only Memory)

Permanent storage

data stored in ROM cannot be modified

is not volatile, but is not suited to storage of large quantities of data because it

is expensive to produce.

Parts of Computer Storage
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Secondary storage

A storage medium that holds

information until it is deleted or

overwritten.

For example : Floppy disk

External Hard disk

Pendrive
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A network consists of two or more computers thatare linked in order to share resources (such as

printers and CD-ROMs), exchange files, or allow

electronic communications.

The computers on a network may be linked through

cables, telephone lines, radio waves, satellites, or

infrared light beams.

What is Network


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Computer Networks
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i. Local Area Networks (LANs):

The computers are geographically close together

(that is, in the same building).

i. Wide Area Networks (WANs):

The computers are farther apart and are connected

by telephone lines or radio waves.

i. Area Networks (MANs):

A data network designed for a town or city.

Types of Network


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Software is the instructions that a

computer uses to do what you ask it

to.The two types of software are :

i. Operating systems Software

ii. Applications software.

Software


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Used by the computer to accomplish a task.

What system software does:

controls the internal function of the computercontrols other devices connected to the CPU

Examples:

DOS .Windows Linux .Unix

Operating System Software
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A network operating system is a supervisory softwareprogram that resides on the server.

It controls how the network operates by defining who

can use the network and how information andperipherals are shared among users.

Examples:

Novell Netware . Microsoft Windows NT

AppleShare . UNIX/NFS

Network Operating System Software
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- Includes programs that do real work forusers .

Examples:

Word Processing Ms Word

database programs Ms Acces, Foxpro

Spreadsheets - Ms Excel

web browsers Internet Explorer

graphic design - Autocad

Application Software
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