1 Thinking Critically with Psychology. 2 Research methods 4 Survey 4 Case study –E.g. Stroke...
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Transcript of 1 Thinking Critically with Psychology. 2 Research methods 4 Survey 4 Case study –E.g. Stroke...
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Thinking Critically with Psychology
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Research methods
Survey Case study
– E.g. Stroke victim
Experimentation Naturalistic Observation
– Observing behavior in a singles bar
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Comparing research methods
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How do you get people to study?
Population– All NSCC students
Representative Sample Random sample
– Ensures a representative sample
Random assignment
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Generalizing (Problems)
Generalizing from unrepresentative samples Generalizing from select cases
– Most remedial reading students in Mrs. Brown’s class are boys
– Therefore, boys have more trouble reading than girls
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Random sampling
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What do you study? - Variables
Variables Independent variable Dependent variable
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How are variables related? - Correlation Positive and negative
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Positive correlation
Mortality rates increase as people age Grades increase as study time increase
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Negative correlation
As income increases free time decreases As one goes up, the other goes down
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No Correlation
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Confusing correlation with causation “Correlation is not causation” Large brains (or ice cream) & violence
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Illusory correlation
Buying stocks that performed well last year Adoption and conception
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Hindsight bias
Explaining events in hindsight– Lee Harvey Oswald & Pres. Kennedy
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Perceiving order in random events Both have an equal chance of happening
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Perceiving order in random events (Cont.) Twins separated at birth having similar
interests, jobs, etc. Similarities between Lincoln and Kennedy.
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The experiment
Control Condition Placebo effect
– Placebo = Pill with no drug
The double blind procedure– Neither experimenter nor subject knows which
pill is the drug or placebo.