National -liberation movement of Kazakh people in XVIII – the

beginning of XX century.Lecture № 20

Brief contents:

1. The revolt of Kazakhs of Junior zhuz under leadership of Srym Datov (1783-1797)

2. The revolt under leadership of I.Taimanov and M.Utemisov (1836-1838)

3. The revolt of K.Kasymov (1837-1847)

1. The revolt of Kazakhs of Junior zhuz under leadership of Srym Datov (1783-1797)

The movement under the leadership of Srym Datov was one of the largest action against the Russian colonialism.

The causes of this revolt were:

1.Prohibition of tsarist administration from passing of Kazakhs on the left side of the Ural river, i.e. the forcible destruction of their traditional ways of roaming from pasture.

The causes of this revolt were :

2.Deprivation of the rights of clan ciders over Kazakhs, which were subjected to them, open plundering and violence from tsarist administration.

3.High taxes of Russian government

Monument of Srym Datov in Uralsk city

The beginning of revolt goes back to 1783, when as the result of a winter fodder shortage for cattle Kazakhs were passing the Ural river without any permission and settling on Ural Cossack forces lands, and in spring of 1783 Ural Cossacks in answer drove back 4000 horses at Kazakhs.

The revolt, which lasted for 14 years, didn’t turn out effective, but despite of this it was a signal to shaking of the Russian colonialism in Kazakhstan.

Revolt ended with defeat of Kazakhs. As the superiority was on the side of the Russian army.

So, for example, in the number of tsarist army, military equipment and tactics while the Kazakh people had no such firearms as a gun and as they had no tactics and strategy, because, it there were simple nomads and the civilians, not trained to be at war.

The Kazak fighters of XIX century

2. The revolt under leadership of I.Taimanov and M.Utemisov (1836-1838)

Makhambet Utemisov -

spiritual leader of revolt, poet (akyn)

Isatai Taimanov

Monument of I. Taimanov and M.Utemisov

Reasons of revolt:

1.The strengthening of khan’s power

(policy of Dzhangir khan)

2. The removal of lands to poor peasants

3. Tax oppression of Russian government.

3. The revolt of K.Kasymov (1837-1847)

Kenesary Кasymov (1802-1847 yy.) - grandson of Ablai Khan.

The revolt of Kenesary Каsymov covered almost the whole of Kazakhstan.

Reasons of revolt were:

Construction of fortresses (Akmolinks, Ishim and others)

Worsening of social economic situation of kazakh people

The main aim of the uprising was the return of the occupied lands.

Restoration of Khan’s power

Kenesary had one more goal - liberation of Kazakhs from the power of Kokand. K. Kassymov in his letters to the Emperor of Russia and the higher ranks, asked not to change the political system of the Kazakhs, do not infringe on the liberty of the people, eliminate the district and orders.

The participation of all three zhuzes gave a movement of national liberation character. The participation of the major representatives of the aristocracy in the uprising was explained by their desire to use the discontent of the people for the return of privileges and power.

In November 1837y. Kenesary Каsymov had open resistance, attacking the Cossacks of Aktau fortress, accompanying a caravan of Petropavlovsk may 26, 1838, detachments of Kenesary captured and burned Akmola fortress.

In the summer and in the autumn of 1838, the main part of the Middle zhuz was United under the banner of Kenesary. Since the autumn of 1838, the movement has spread to the Junior zhuze

In 1841y. rebels chose to Kenesary Khan.

In 1847. Kenesary invaded the Kyrgyz land. The rebellion lost anticolonial character. In the town of Maitobe Kenesary was surrounded and killed. Such a tragic end, the uprising of Kenesary Kasymov was predetermined by a number of factors.

The war with the Kyrgyz side was fratricidal character. Part of the Kazakhs refused to support the Kenesary. He was left only with his faithful men, who were with him and were sympathetic to the difficulties that they experienced.

Kenesary was deaf to the suggestions of his advisers, who tried to dissuade him from the attack on Kyrgyz, and firmly walked to her death. The defeat of the uprising caused disunity of the Kazakhs. The cruelty of Kenesary in respect of the villages do not support it, pushed away the part of the rebels. Kenesary Кasymov fought with Bukhara and Kokand, but was unable to create a coalition against Russia. It was the most serious uprising against colonial oppression, covering all three zhuzes.

Monument to K.Kasymov in Astana

The all revolts of 18-19 centuries ended with defeat for the reasons known to us. But despite defeats, data revolt had deep historical value - they showed consciousness of the kazakh people in fight with colonial the politician of Imperial Russia.

Thank you of attention!!!