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The Industrial Revolution

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Vocabulary

1. Reconstruction: The period of time in American History after the Civil War when the south was rebuilt

2. Industrialization: the process through which a country goes from a farming society to one that has factories, mass production, and bigger cities

3. Agrarian Society: a group of people (a country) who’s economy and way of life is based on farming

4. Efficient: Faster and better, taking less time to do/make something better.

5. Manufacturing: the making of goods (stuff to buy) on a larger scale … factories.

6. Freight: goods (stuff to buy) while being carried on a train, boat, or plane

7. Titan: Important figure; dominant and/or famous individual.

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The Civil War & ReconstructionThe Civil War & Reconstruction

The Civil War was fought from 1861-1865

It resulted in Union Victory meaning the United States would stay ONE nation

After the Civil War there was an period of time called Reconstruction. During this period the Southern U.S. was rebuilt and forced to allow former slaves their freedom.

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The Expansion of IndustryThe Expansion of Industry

During the late 1800s many inventions led to a During the late 1800s many inventions led to a changes to American life, business and societychanges to American life, business and society

The industrial revolution was a period of time in The industrial revolution was a period of time in U.S History when America went from an U.S History when America went from an agrarian society to one that was more industrial agrarian society to one that was more industrial (factories, faster transportation, machines, (factories, faster transportation, machines, skyscrapers, etc)skyscrapers, etc)

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Quick Quiz

1. What was reconstruction?

2. What is an Agrarian society?

3. What was the industrial revolution?

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Causes of Industrialization

Q: How did The United States go from an agrarian society to an industrial society?

A: The driving force behind the industrial revolution was new technology

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Tools & Technology

Inventor/Invention

Use for Invention

Eli Whitney/ Cotton Gin Separated cotton fibers and seeds – made it easier to make cotton ready for making clothes

Alexander Graham Bell/Telephone

The telephone allowed for increased and easier communication and created more jobs for women.

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Inventor/Invention

Use for Invention

Thomas Edison/Light Bulb

Light bulbs made the work days longer because factories could stay open later; also extended leisure time

Cyrus McCormick/McCormick Reaper

A mechanical crop harvester… saved time and allowed farms to be BIGGER

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Inventor/Invention

Use for Invention

Robert Fulton/ Steam Engine (train)

Powered machines in factories to mass produce clothing and other goods; also used in railroads.

Henry Bessemer/Bessemer Process

Made stronger steel. Steel is used to make skyscrapers and railroad tracks

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First Drawing of Steam Engine

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Quick Quiz

1. What caused the Industrial Revolution?2. Explain the invention and use of the item

they invented for each of the following people: a. Robert Fultonb. Eli Whitneyc. Henry Bessemerd. Alexander Graham Belle. Cyrus McCormickf. Thomas Edison

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Effects of the Industrial Revolution

1. Improved Transportation

2. Taller & Stronger Buildings

3. Big Business4. Pollution5. Dangerous

conditions/Child Labor

6. New Laws & Debates

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Inventions Improve transportation

Some inventions improved transportation like the Bessemer Process and The Steam Engine (Train)

Without these two inventions transportation would not have improved during this time.

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Transportation

Iron tracks replaced w/ steel because steel was cheaper & faster

Transportation improved and was made easier through increased railroads and steam ships.

Efficient transportation is necessary to move freight and passengers quickly in order for the nation to become industrialized.

Railroads expanded rapidly across the country during this period

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Expansion of the Railroads

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Railroad Boom Town

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Promontory PointPromontory Point

Was the spot where Was the spot where the railroads from the the railroads from the eastern US connected eastern US connected to railroads in the to railroads in the Western United Western United States.States.

Made cross-country Made cross-country “shipping” faster!“shipping” faster!

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Promontory Point

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The Brooklyn Bridge and The Flatiron building are symbols of the industrial revolution.

Both made possible due to the invention of steel (Bessemer Process)

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Factories

Samuel Slater – He is considered the inventor of the modern factory he is sometimes called the “father of the industrial revolution”

Factories – Assembly lines and machines combined to make factories that made goods faster and more efficiently

Mass production – Increase of factories led to mass production; making many of the same item at the same time.

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Titans of Industry

1. Andrew Carnegie – Steel2. John Rockefeller – Oil3. Cornelius Vanderbilt – Railroad

These men were symbols of the huge increases of wealth gained during the industrial revolution.

They became very rich and powerful. Maybe too powerful.

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Andrew Carnegie

Andrew Carnegie was one of the most famous businessmen of the industrial revolution

He made lot of money in steel.

largest steel-making plant He made a lot of money …

but he also spent money on charity

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John D. Rockefeller

Founded Standard Oil Company.

Merged with other companies to gain control of oil industry

Ruthless businessman who tried to influence and control politicians.

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Cornelius Vanderbilt

Early investor in steamboats and rail travel

Owned many railroad lines and became famous for his domination of the railroad industry

Helped found Vanderbilt University

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Pollution was also a problem as factories opened and natural resources (like coal & oil) were used for fuel.

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Natural resources like oil were necessary to provide fuel for the industrial rev.

However, sometimes the environment was damaged while the resources were taken from the earth.

This Pennsylvania Oil field is an example

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Child labor (children working) was a problem in the industrial revolution as many children began working in dangerous factories to earn money

Factory conditions for adults were also dangerous and workers were not often protected by the government.

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Sherman Anti-Trust Act

To Deal with powerful companies congress passed this law in 1890

Its goal was to stop companies from abusing customers and taking advantage of people - It was too weak to be effective.

Instead the law was misused to stop workers from forming unions

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The Rise of Unions

A Union is a group of workers trying to organize to improve conditions

Workers tried to organize to make their lives better because their working conditions were bad and their pay was low

Some Unions included The American Federation of Labor and The Industrial Workers of the World

Most unions were not successful during this time because the government often took the side of big business

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Homestead Strike - 1892

Workers refusing to work until they get improved conditions or pay is called a strike.

This one turned violent and government troops were called to force the workers back to work.

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Quick Quiz

Fully explain each of the following effects of the industrial revolution1. Improved Transportation 2. Taller & Stronger Buildings3. Big Business4. Pollution5. Dangerous conditions/Child Labor6. New Laws & Debates