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THE CORDS OF UNION BROKENPART 1

THE ROAD TO THE CIVIL WAR 1848 TO 1861

KEY EVENTS ON THE ROAD TO CIVIL WAR

SLAVERY & THE ADMISSION OF CALIFORNIA 1850

THE COMPROMISE OF 1850 PUBLICATION OF UNCLE

TOM’S CABIN 1852 THE DEATH OF THE WHIGS

1852 BIRTH OF REPUBLICANS

1854

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ADOPTION OF THE KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT 1854

VIOLENCE IN KANSAS 1856THE DRED SCOTT DECISION 1857LINCOLN V. DOUGLAS SENATE RACE

1858

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THE LINCOLN DOUGLAS DEBATES 1858

THE FREEPORT DOCTRINE 1858JOHN BROWN’S RAID ON HARPER’S

FERRY 1859THE ELECTION OF LINCOLN 1860

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ATTEMPTS TO RESOLVE CONFLICT

THE KEY QUESTION WAS EXTENSION OF SLAVERY INTO THE TERRITORIES.

NORTHERN POPULATION GIVES CONTROL OF HOUSE

BALANCE IN THE SENATE GIVES SOUTH A VETO

THE ISSUE IS REVIVED BY THE MEXICAN WAR

MISSOURI COMPROMISE OF 1820 (36, 30) ONLY APPLIES TO LA. PURCHASE.

MEXICAN WAR- WILMOT PROVISO RE-OPENS THE ISSUE

WILMOT PROVISO BLOCKED IN THE SENATE.

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POSITIONS ON THE SLAVERY QUESTION

MODERATES: GRADUAL EMMANCIPATION WITH COMPENSATION & COLONIZATION.

FREE SOILERS: “NO EXTENSION OF SLAVE, BUT LEAVE IT ALONE WHERE IT EXISTS.”

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CALHOUN EXTREME VOICE OF SOUTH SLAVES ARE PROPERTY NOTHING MORE. 5TH AMENDMENT

WILLIAM SEWARD IMMEDIATE ABOLITION ON MORAL GROUNDS. “HIGHER LAW”

A NEW APPROACH “POPULAR SOVEREIGNITY”

LEWIS CASS & STEPHEN DOUGLAS “POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY.”

ALLOW PEOPLE OF TERRITORIES TO VOTE AT TIME OF ADMISSION TO THE UNION.

WHY IS THIS AN ATTRACTIVE OPTION?

THE ELECTION OF 1848

THE LIBERTY PARTY

COMMITTED TO FREE SOIL POSITION

NOMINATE VAN BUREN. DEMOCRAT LEWIS CASS

WHO FAVORS POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY.

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WHIGS ZAC TAYLOR A SLAVE HOLDER.

WHIGS & TAYLOR WIN 163 TO 127 (BY 140,000 POP VOTES)

LIBERTY PARTY INFLUENCES THE ELECTION DIVERTS VOTES FROM CASS.

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THE CRISIS OF CALIFORNIA OF 1850

CALIFORNIA SEEKS TO ENTER AS A FREE STATE

NO SLAVE TERRITORY READY TO BALANCE THE SENATE.

SOUTH BLOCKS ADMISSIONS.

THE COMPROMISE OF 1850

CLAY’S LAST COMPROMISE THE TERMS:

CALIF ENTERS AS FREE STATENEW MEXICO ORGANIZED WITH

POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY.BAN SLAVE TRADE IN D.C.NEW FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW

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DEBATE IN CONGRESS

KEY FIGURES: CLAY, WEBSTER, & CALHOUN

CALHOUN SPEAKS FOR THE SOUTH- “THE CORDS OF UNION ARE BREAKING ONE AT A TIME…”

DANIEL WEBSTER’S “MARCH 7TH SPEECH.”

THE COMPROMISE PASSES BUT...

PRESIDENT TAYLOR PLANS TO VETO THE COMPROMISE.

BUT DIES SUDDENLY. WAS HE POISONED?

MILLARD FILMORE BECOMES PRESIDENT SIGNS.

WHO GOT THE BETTER END OF THE DEAL?

THE NORTH OR THE SOUTH?WILL THE COMPROMISE WORK AS

WELL AS THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE OF 1820?

A NEW ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS

MANY BELIEVE THE COMPROMISE WOULD END THE CONFLICT.

BUT IT CONTAINED THE SEEDS OF ITS OWN DESTRUCTION.

THE FUGITIVE SLAVE ACT

TERMS OF THE ACT

NO STATUE OF LIMITATIONS GENERAL DESCRIPTION ALL THAT WAS

NECESSARY .NO COURT HEARING COMMISSIONER PAID $10 TO RETURN THE

FUGITIVE. PAID ONLY $5 IF THEY RULED FOR THE

FUGITIVE.

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ALL PERSONS REQUIRED TO ASSIST IN CAPTURE OF FUGITIVE SLAVES.

THERE IS NO LONGER A NEUTRAL POSITION ON SLAVERY.

SOME NORTHERN STATES ADOPT PERSONAL LIBERTY LAWS.

STATE CRIME TO OBEY THE FEDERAL LAW.

ELECTION OF 1852

WHIGS RUN WINFIELD SCOTTDEMOCRATS RUN FRANKLIN PIERCE.“WE POLKED THEM IN 44 WE’LL

PIERCE THEM IN 52”BOTH PARTIES SUPPORT THE

COMROMISE.

THE NORTH SOUTH SPLIT DESTROYS THE WHIG PARTY.

CONSCIENCE WHIGS V COTTON WHIGS

DEMOCRATS ARE THE ONLY NATIONAL PARTY

LESS PRESSURE TO COMPROMISE.

HARRIET BEECHER STOWE PUBLISHES UNCLE TOM’S CABIN

WORK OF FICTION.MISS STOWE HAD LIMITED FIRST

HAND KNOWLEDGE OF SLAVERYMADE A YANKEE THE KEY VILLIANCONVERTED MILLIONS TO

ABOLITIONISM

THE OSTEND MANIFESTO 1854

IF SPAIN WILL NOT SELL CUBA WE SHOULD SIMPLY TAKE IT.

PIERCE WANTS CUBA AS A SLAVE STATE TO BALANCE SENATE.

ANTI-SLAVE FORCES DENOUNCE THE OSTEND MANIFESTO.

PIERCE BACKS DOWN.

THE KANSAS- NEBRASKA ACT 1854 -STEPHEN DOUGLAS.

CALL FOR TRANSCONTINENTAL RAILROAD.

KEY QUESTION IS THE ROUTE. STEPHEN DOUGLAS WANTS A CENTRAL

ROUTE. WANTS TO WIN SOUTHERN SUPPORT FOR

HIS PRESIDENTIAL BID.

TERM OF THE KANSAS- NEBRASKA ACT

REPEAL THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE. USE POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY IN KANSAS

AND NEBRASKA. ASSUMED KANSAS WOULD BE SLAVE &

NEBRASKA WOULD ENTER FREE. DOUGLAS GETS THE BILL PASSED.

KANSAS BECOMES FIRST TEST OF POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY.

NEW ENGLAND EMIGRANT AID SOCIETY “BEECHER’S BIBLES.” A SHARPES RIFLE “MISSOURI BORDER RUFFIANS” THE BURNING OF LAWRENCE, KANSAS

MAY 21, 1856 POTTAWATOMIE CREEK MASSACRE MAY

24TH

BULLY BROOKS MAY 23RD.

CHARLES SUMNER - “THE RAPE OF KANSAS.” INSULTS SNEATOR BUTLER.

PRESTON BROOKS CONGRESSMANATTACKS SUMNER WITH A CANE.NEARLY BEATS SUMNER TO DEATH.

RISE OF THE REPULICAN PARTY 1854

A FREE SOIL PARTYBORN TO FIGHT TWIN EVILS OF THE

SPREAD OF SLAVERYAND, POLYGAMY.STARTED BY DEBATE OF KANSAS-

NEBRASKA ACT.

THE ELECTION OF 1856

DEMOCRATS NOMINATE JAMES BUCHANAN OF PA.

REPUBLICANS JOHN C. FREMONT“KNOW NOTHINGS M. FILLMORE.BUCHANAN WINS MOST SECTIONAL

ELECTION TO DATE. 174 T0 114

DRED SCOTT DECISION 1857

DRED SCOTT V SANDFORD 1857CHIEF JUSTICE ROGER B. TANEYBLACKS CANNOT BE CITIZENSSCOTT HAS NO RIGHT TO SUEMISSOURI COMPROMISE IS

UNCONSTITUTIONAL.

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ALL U.S. TERRITORY IS OPEN TO SLAVERY.

NO COMPROMISE INVOLVING FREE & SLAVE TERRITORY IS POSSIBLE.

SOUTH LOVES THE RULINGABOLITIONISTS ARE OUTRAGED.POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY IS DEAD.

LINCON-DOUGLAS DEBATES 1858

LINCOLN CHALLENGES DOUGLAS TO DEBATE. DOUGLAS REFUSES.

THERE ARE 7 DEBATES.TOPIC THE DRED SCOTT DECISION &

POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY.LINCOLN-”A HOUSE DIVIDED CANNOT

STAND….”

THE FREEPORT DOCTRINE

GIVEN THE DRED SCOTT RULING, HOW CAN A STATE PREVENT SLAVERY?

DOUGLAS’S DILEMMA: IF HE DOES NOT ANSWER HE WILL BE HURT IN THE SENATE ELECTION.

IF HE DOES ANSWER HE WILL BE HURT IN THE SOUTH.

DOUGLAS STATES THE “FREEPORT DOCTRINE”

IF STATES DO NOT ADOPT SLAVE CODES SLAVERY CANNOT SURVIVE.

DOUGLAS WINS THE ELECTIONBUT LINCOLN BECOMES

NATIONALLY KNOWN A POSSIBLE CANDIDATE FOR

PRESIDENT IN 1860.

JOHN BROWN & HARPER’S FERRY OCT.15, 1859

PLANS TO START A SLAVE REVOLT.HARPER’S FERRY, VA. SITE OF

FEDERAL ARSENAL.FREDERICK DOUGLASS WARNS

AGAINST THE RAID.BROWN IS CAPTURED CHARGED

WITH TREASON AGAINST VIRGINIA.

BROWN BECOMES A MARTYR

SOUTH REJOICES AT BROWN’S DEATH

NORTH MOURNS HIS DEATH.SOUTH FEELS MORE ALIENATED

THAN EVER.THE REPUBLICAN PARTY

RENOUNCES BROWN’S ACTIONS.

THE ELECTION OF 1860

DEMOCRATS MEET IN CHARLESTON, SO. CAROLINA

SPLIT AND FAIL TO NOMINATE A CANDIDATE.

2ND CONVENTION IN BALTIMORE NOMINATES STEPHEN DOUGLAS NORTHERN DEMOCRATIC CANDIDATE.

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SOUTHERN DEMOCRATS MEET NOMINATE JOHN BRECKINRIDGE

REPUBLICANS MEET IN CHICAGO “THE WIGWAM” CONVENTION

TWO CONTENDERS ARE WILLIAM SEWARD OF NY. & LINCOLN FROM ILL.

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SEWARD IS HURT BY HIS “HIGHER LAW” REMARKS.

LINCOLN WINS THE NOMINATION.SOUTH FEARS LINCOLN BECAUSE

OF THE “HOUSE DIVIDED SPEECH.”

THE CONSTITUTIONAL UNION PARTY FORMS

WANTS TO IGNORE THE SLAVERY ISSUE

COMMITTED SOLELY TO MAINTAINING THE UNION.

NOMINATES JOHN BELL OF TENN.

VOTERS IN 1860 HAVE FOUR CHOICES

DOUGLAS NORTHERN DEMOCRAT BRECKINRIDGE SOUTHERN DEMOCRAT LINCOLN REPUBLICAN (A SECTIONAL

CANDIDATE) JOHN BELL CONSTITUTIONAL UNION LINCOLN IS NOT EVEN LISTED ON THE

BALLOT IN THE SOUTH.

LINCOLN WINS WITH 39% OF THE POPULAR VOTE

WINS ALL NORTHERN STATES EXCEPT NEW JERSEY.

SOUTHERN VIEW A SECTIONAL PARTY WON.

SOUTH ONLY REPRESENTS ONE THIRD OF THE WHITE MALE POPULATION.

SOUTH FEELS ISOLATED POWERLESS.

THE SECESSION CRISIS

LINCOLN WILL NOT BE SWORN IN UNTIL MARCH 1861

SO. CAROLINA LEADS THE WAY VOTES SECESSION DEC. 20TH, 1860 OTHER SOUTHERN STATES THREATEN TO

FOLLOW

A LAST COMPROMISE DEC. 1860

JOHN CRITTENDEN OF KENTUCKY PROPOSES A COMPROMISE

A SERIES OF CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS

HOPES TO PREVENT SECESSION.

TERMS OF COMPROMISE

RESTORE 36, 30 & EXTEND IT TO THE PACIFIC

UNAMENDABLE AMENDMENT PROTECTING SLAVERY WHERE IT EXISTS.

SPECIAL COMMITTEES WERE FORMED TO CONSIDER THE PLAN.

SENATE COMMITTEE OF 13 HOUSE COMMITTEE OF 33 IT WOULD REQUIRE A MAJORITY VOTE OF

BOTH PARTIES TO RECOMMEND THE COMPROMISE

TO PASS AN AMENDMENT TAKES 2/3RD VOTE OF BOTH HOUSE AND 3/4TH OF STATES

THE REPUBLICANS VOTE NO

PLAN VIOLATES THE PARTY PLATFORM LINCOLN OPPOSES THE PLAN THE SENATE COMMITTEE OF 13 REJECTS

THE PLAN THE LAST COMPROMISE DIES

MORE STATES SECEDE

BY FEBRUARY 1861 SEVEN STATES HAVE ANNOUNCED SECESSION

THEY HAVE FORMED THE CONFEDERATED STATES OF AMERICA

PRESIDENT BUCHANAN DOES NOTHING.

THE EDGE OF WAR

WHAT CAUSE THE SOUTH TO SECEDE?

MAKE A LIST OF CAUSES AND EVENTS THAT CONTRIBUTED TO THE SECESSION CRISIS.